| 1. |
- Bruggmann, P., et al.
(author)
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Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in selected countries
- 2014
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In: Journal of Viral Hepatitis. - Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1352-0504 .- 1365-2893. ; 21, s. 5-33
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading indicator for liver disease. New treatment options are becoming available, and there is a need to characterize the epidemiology and disease burden of HCV. Data for prevalence, viremia, genotype, diagnosis and treatment were obtained through literature searches and expert consensus for 16 countries. For some countries, data from centralized registries were used to estimate diagnosis and treatment rates. Data for the number of liver transplants and the proportion attributable to HCV were obtained from centralized databases. Viremic prevalence estimates varied widely between countries, ranging from 0.3% in Austria, England and Germany to 8.5% in Egypt. The largest viremic populations were in Egypt, with 6358000 cases in 2008 and Brazil with 2106000 cases in 2007. The age distribution of cases differed between countries. In most countries, prevalence rates were higher among males, reflecting higher rates of injection drug use. Diagnosis, treatment and transplant levels also differed considerably between countries. Reliable estimates characterizing HCV-infected populations are critical for addressing HCV-related morbidity and mortality. There is a need to quantify the burden of chronic HCV infection at the national level.
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| 2. |
- Razavi, H., et al.
(author)
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The present and future disease burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with today's treatment paradigm
- 2014
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In: Journal of Viral Hepatitis. - Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1352-0504 .- 1365-2893. ; 21:Suppl. 1, s. 34-59
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The disease burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is expected to increase as the infected population ages. A modelling approach was used to estimate the total number of viremic infections, diagnosed, treated and new infections in 2013. In addition, the model was used to estimate the change in the total number of HCV infections, the disease progression and mortality in 2013-2030. Finally, expert panel consensus was used to capture current treatment practices in each country. Using today's treatment paradigm, the total number of HCV infections is projected to decline or remain flat in all countries studied. However, in the same time period, the number of individuals with late-stage liver disease is projected to increase. This study concluded that the current treatment rate and efficacy are not sufficient to manage the disease burden of HCV. Thus, alternative strategies are required to keep the number of HCV individuals with advanced liver disease and liver-related deaths from increasing.
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| 3. |
- Ueta, T., et al.
(author)
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Herschel Planetary Nebula Survey (HerPlaNS)
- 2014
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In: Asymmetrical Planetary Nebulae VI conference, Proceedings of the conference held 4-8 November, 2013. ; , s. 106-
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Herschel Planetary Nebula Survey (HerPlaNS) is one of the largest Open Time programs carried out by the Herschel Space Observatory, by which we simultaneously probe the dust and gas components of the circumstellar environments of evolved stars. HerPlaNS is part of a community-wide panchromatic (from X-ray to Radio) observational initiative to furnish substantial PN data resources that would allow us - PN astronomers - to tackle a multitude of issues in PN physics. In this contribution we will give a general overview of the survey and a glimpse of what the data can tell us using NGC 6781 as an example.
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| 4. |
- Ueta, T., et al.
(author)
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Planetary Nebula dust haloes revealed by Herschel
- 2013
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In: Proceedings of Science. - Trieste, Italy : Sissa Medialab. - 1824-8039.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Herschel Planetary Nebula Survey (HerPlaNS) is a far-IR imaging and spectroscopic survey of planetary nebulae, performedwith the Herschel Space Observatory, aiming at (1) establishing the spatially-resolved far-IR characteristics of the target nebulae and (2) understanding the energetics and shaping history of the circumstellar nebulae. Below we briefly demonstrate the breadth and depth of the HerPlaNS data set using one of the targets, NGC6781, as an example, and explore expectations in the era of SPICA, the next-generation far-IR mission.
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| 5. |
- Ueta, T., et al.
(author)
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The Herschel Planetary Nebula Survey (HerPlaNS) I. Data overview and analysis demonstration with NGC 6781
- 2014
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 565, s. A36-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context. This is the first of a series of investigations into far-IR characteristics of 11 planetary nebulae (PNe) under the Herschel Space Observatory open time 1 program, Herschel Planetary Nebula Survey (HerPlaNS). Aims. Using the HerPlaNS data set, we look into the PN energetics and variations of the physical conditions within the target nebulae. In the present work, we provide an overview of the survey, data acquisition and processing, and resulting data products. Methods. We performed (1) PACS/SPIRE broadband imaging to determine the spatial distribution of the cold dust component in the target PNe and (2) PACS/SPIRE spectral-energy-distribution and line spectroscopy to determine the spatial distribution of the gas component in the target PNe. Results. For the case of NGC 6781, the broadband maps confirm the nearly pole-on barrel structure of the amorphous carbon-rich dust shell and the surrounding halo having temperatures of 26-40 K. The PACS/SPIRE multiposition spectra show spatial variations of far-.IR lines that reflect the physical stratification of the nebula. We demonstrate that spatially resolved far-IR line diagnostics yield the (T-e, n(e)) profiles, from which distributions of ionized, atomic, and molecular gases can be determined. Direct comparison of the dust and gas column mass maps constrained by the HerPlaNS data allows to construct an empirical gas-to-dust mass ratio map, which shows a range of ratios with the median of 195 +/- 110. The present analysis yields estimates of the total mass of the shell to be 0.86 M-circle dot, consisting of 0.54 M-circle dot of ionized gas, 0.12 M-circle dot of atomic gas, 0.2 M-circle dot of molecular gas, and 4 x 10(-3) M-circle dot of dust grains. These estimates' also suggest that the central star of about 1.5 M-circle dot initial mass is terminating its PN evolution onto the white dwarf cooling track. Conclusions. The HerPlaNS data provide various diagnostics for both the dust and gas components in a spatially resolved manner. In the forthcoming papers of the HerPlaNS series we will explore the HerPlaNS data set fully for the entire sample of 11 PNe.
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| 6. |
- Wedemeyer, H., et al.
(author)
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Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease burden
- 2014
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In: Journal of Viral Hepatitis. - Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1352-0504 .- 1365-2893. ; 21, s. 60-89
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The number of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections is projected to decline while those with advanced liver disease will increase. A modeling approach was used to forecast two treatment scenarios: (i) the impact of increased treatment efficacy while keeping the number of treated patients constant and (ii) increasing efficacy and treatment rate. This analysis suggests that successful diagnosis and treatment of a small proportion of patients can contribute significantly to the reduction of disease burden in the countries studied. The largest reduction in HCV-related morbidity and mortality occurs when increased treatment is combined with higher efficacy therapies, generally in combination with increased diagnosis. With a treatment rate of approximately 10%, this analysis suggests it is possible to achieve elimination of HCV (defined as a >90% decline in total infections by 2030). However, for most countries presented, this will require a 3-5 fold increase in diagnosis and/or treatment. Thus, building the public health and clinical provider capacity for improved diagnosis and treatment will be critical.
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| 7. |
- Aleman, I., et al.
(author)
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Herschel Planetary Nebula Survey (HerPlaNS) First detection of OH+ in planetary nebulae
- 2014
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 566
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims. We report the first detections of OH+ emission in planetary nebulae (PNe). Methods. As part of an imaging and spectroscopy survey of 11 PNe in the far-IR using the PACS and SPIRE instruments aboard the Herschel Space Observatory, we performed a line survey in these PNe over the entire spectral range between 51 mu m and 672 mu m to look for new detections. Results. The rotational emission lines of OH+ at 152.99, 290.20, 308.48, and 329.77 mu m were detected in the spectra of three planetary nebulae: NGC 6445, NGC6720, and NGC 6781. Excitation temperatures and column densities derived from these lines are in the range of 27-47 K and 2 x 10(10)-4 x 10(11) cm(-2), respectively. Conclusions. In PNe, the OH+ rotational line emission appears to be produced in the photodissociation region (PDR) in these objects. The emission of OH+ is observed only in PNe with hot central stars (T-eff > 100 000 K), suggesting that high-energy photons may play a role in OH+ formation and its line excitation in these objects, as seems to be the case for ultraluminous galaxies.
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