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- Stenman, U H, et al.
(author)
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Summary report of the TD-3 workshop: characterization of 83 antibodies against prostate-specific antigen
- 1999
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In: Tumor Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1423-0380 .- 1010-4283. ; 20:Suppl. 1, s. 1-12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Twelve research groups participated in the ISOBM TD-3 Workshop in which the reactivity and specificity of 83 antibodies against prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were investigated. Using a variety of techniques including cross-inhibition assays, Western blotting, BIAcore, immunoradiometric assays and immunohistochemistry, the antibodies were categorized into six major groups which formed the basis for mapping onto two- and three-dimensional (2-D and 3-D) models of PSA. The overall findings of the TD-3 Workshop are summarized in this report. In agreement with all participating groups, three main antigenic domains were identified: free PSA-specific epitopes located in or close to amino acids 86-91; discontinuous epitopes specific for PSA without human kallikrein (hK2) cross-reactivity located at or close to amino acids 158-163; and continuous or linear epitopes shared between PSA and hK2 located close to amino acids 3-11. In addition, several minor and partly overlapping domains were also identified. Clearly, the characterization of antibodies from this workshop and the location of their epitopes on the 3-D model of PSA illustrate the importance of selecting appropriate antibody pairs for use in immunoassays. It is hoped that these findings and the epitope nomenclature described in this TD-3 Workshop are used as a standard for future evaluation of anti-PSA antibodies.
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| 3. |
- Krantz-Rülcker, C., et al.
(author)
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Adsorption of IIB-metals by three common soil fungi-comparison and assessment of importance for metal distribution in natural soil systems
- 1996
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In: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 28:7, s. 967-975
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Interactions of IIb-elements, Zn, Cd and Hg, with three common soil fungi, Trichoderma harzianum, Penicillium spinulosum and Mortierella isabellina, have been studied. The accumulation of the metals by the fungi was studied as a function of pH at constant ionic strength and at concentration levels of the metals representative of natural systems. Two stages of fungal activity were considered in the experiments. The fungi generally exhibited high affinity for metal ions indicated by distribution coefficients (log K-d, in 1 kg(-1)) of about 3.5 +/- 1, 2.5 +/- 1 and 4 +/- 1 for Zn, Cd and Hg, respectively. The pH-dependence of the accumulation as well as the isotherms at constant pH were similar between the fungi, and the maximum capacities were at least 50 mmoles kg(-1) mycelium (dw). Metal accumulation by starved mycelia was almost independent of pH, while non-starved mycelia in two cases accumulated more metals at low pH. Calculations of the distribution of metals in a model soil system of inorganic and organic constituents as well as fungal biomass indicated that the amounts of metal associated to the fungi are negligible at neutral pH. However, due to the ability of these fungi to accumulate metals independently of pH, the fraction of metals associated to fungal biomass at low pH may be significant, and, in some cases, predominant. This illustrates that the effects of fungi on metal distribution in soil should not be neglected, e.g. during a progressing acidification.
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