| 1. |
- Forslund, Sofia K., et al.
(author)
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Combinatorial, additive and dose-dependent drug–microbiome associations
- 2021
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 600:7889, s. 500-505
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the transition from a healthy state to cardiometabolic disease, patients become heavily medicated, which leads to an increasingly aberrant gut microbiome and serum metabolome, and complicates biomarker discovery1–5. Here, through integrated multi-omics analyses of 2,173 European residents from the MetaCardis cohort, we show that the explanatory power of drugs for the variability in both host and gut microbiome features exceeds that of disease. We quantify inferred effects of single medications, their combinations as well as additive effects, and show that the latter shift the metabolome and microbiome towards a healthier state, exemplified in synergistic reduction in serum atherogenic lipoproteins by statins combined with aspirin, or enrichment of intestinal Roseburia by diuretic agents combined with beta-blockers. Several antibiotics exhibit a quantitative relationship between the number of courses prescribed and progression towards a microbiome state that is associated with the severity of cardiometabolic disease. We also report a relationship between cardiometabolic drug dosage, improvement in clinical markers and microbiome composition, supporting direct drug effects. Taken together, our computational framework and resulting resources enable the disentanglement of the effects of drugs and disease on host and microbiome features in multimedicated individuals. Furthermore, the robust signatures identified using our framework provide new hypotheses for drug–host–microbiome interactions in cardiometabolic disease.
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| 2. |
- Stenberg, Rebecca, 1957-, et al.
(author)
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Lokalisering i oländig terräng : Slutrapport Terrängpejlen-projektet
- 2023
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Flygplan och personer som råkar i nöd i oländig terräng kan använda nödsändare som via satellitsystemet COSPAS-SARSAT kan meddela en räddningscentral att det är ett nödläge, samt ungefärlig position. För att sedan lokalisera nödsändaren används ofta flygande resurser, till exempel helikopter, med fast pejl-utrustning som kan fastställa riktningen mot signalkällan. Ibland kan dock flygande resurser inte användas, som till exempel vid dåligt väder eller om de är upptagna på annat uppdrag, och i dagsläget finns inget bra markbaserat alternativ. Syftet med projektet Terrängpejlen var därför att utveckla och utvärdera ett system för markbaserade pejlresurser, så kallad handpejl. Följande slutsatser kunde dras från projektet:Handpejl kommer att behövas mycket sällan vid skarpa insatser. En analys av de senaste fem årens relevanta incidenter tyder på att handpejl inte hade varit till nytta vid något tillfälle. Detta kan dock komma att ändras till exempel. som en följd av ökad frekvens av extremväder, eller vid höjd beredskap på grund av militära hot.Det finns i dag ingen pejl som är perfekt för ändamålet att lokalisera nödsändare. Av de tre pejlar som testades i projektet bedömdes två kunna uppfylla grundfunktionen, att hitta en nödsändare, men hade brister i till exempel användarvänlighet. Bäst för ändamålet bedömdes Rhotheta RT 400 vara, medan Rohde & Schwarz PR 200 är att föredra om pejlen också ska användas för att hitta störsändare, vilket kan vara önskvärt om den är stationerad på en flygplats.Pejling kan utföras av räddningstjänstpersonal på utvalda flygplatser i samverkan med fjällräddare som får agera transportörer. Vid flera flygplatser finns det fortfarande kvar pejlutrustning, trots slopat krav på detta, och det finns också intresse av att upprätthålla kunskapen.Utlarmning och kommunikation bör ske enligt dagens rutin med regelbundna samverkanskonferenser. Direkta kontaktvägar mellan pejloperatörer (flygplatspersonal) och transportörer (fjällräddare) måste upprättas och samverkan måste övas regelbundet.Nödvändig utbildning och övning omfattar utbildning av lokala instruktörer, lokal operatörsutbildning samt regelbundna samverkansövningar. Instruktörsutbildning kan genomföras av Sjöfartsverket. Instruktörerna sköter sedan lokala utbildningar och övningar, vilka bör genomföras minst en gång per år. Dessa kan kombineras med återkommande samverkansövningar tillsammans med Sjö- och flygräddningscentralen, Polisen, SOS Alarm och Fjällräddningen.Sjöfartsverket bör vara ansvarig organisation som äger pejlarna och lånar ut dessa till flygplatserna, samt har ansvar för tillsyn av verksamheten. Urval av flygplatser bör göras i första hand med utgångspunkt från geografiskt täckningsområde. Utslaget på årsbasis blir den dominerande kostnaden vid en implementering att ha flygplatspersonal i beredskap. Med ett riktpris på 250 000 SEK per pejl, blir det också en viss investeringskostnad om många flygplatser ska utrustas.
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| 3. |
- Ahnlund, Petra, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence and correlates of sexual, physical, and psychological violence against women and men of 60 to 74 years in Sweden
- 2020
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In: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - Thousand Oaks : Sage Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 35:5-6, s. 1539-1561
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Past-year sexual, physical, and psychological violence against women and men aged 60 to 74 years was studied. The data derived from a nationally representative survey on violence in which approximately 2,800 women and men aged 60 to 74 years in Sweden participated. Women were significantly more likely to have been subjected to at least one form of violence in the past year. The prevalence of sexual violence as well as systematic and repeated psychological violence was found to be significantly higher for women than for men. Sexual violence was the most common form of violence against women. Systematic and repeated psychological violence was the most common form of violence against men. Additional gender differences were found in relation to victim characteristics. While associations among women were found between violence victimization and sociodemographic characteristics, health as well as social capital, only health-related characteristics were found to be associated with past-year violence victimization among men. Among women, economic problems, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, lack of trust in other people, and not having anyone to talk to were associated with violence victimization. Poor psychological health and an at-risk consumption of alcohol were found to be associated with violence victimization among men. The results highlight the importance of research on violence victimization to assess gender differences also when inquiring into the situation among persons in older generations. The results also indicate practical implications for caring professions; the need to inquire into the experiences of violence among older persons and to pay particular attention to these characteristics when encountering women and men in this age interval.
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| 4. |
- Andree, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Knowledge Products from Close-To-Practice Research
- 2024
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In: Round table presentation at the NERA-conference, 6-8 March, Malmö University.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- ‘Close-to-practice research’ has received increased attention across the Nordic countries. Following the British Education Research Association (BERA), the notion of ‘close-to-practice research’ is used to refer to educational research that is based on problems in practice, often involves researchers working in partnership with practitioners in schools and addresses issues of relevance to practitioners. This roundtable focuses on how close-to-practice research can contribute to the knowledge base of the teaching profession by bringing together perspectives from didactics, school improvement and educational policy. More specifically, the interest is directed toward what characterizes the knowledge produced through practice-based research that may have significance for teachers' professional knowledge base and practice. The roundtable conversation builds on a previous analysis of what kinds of knowledge products are generated in didactic close-to-practice research where teachers and researchers work together within the research environment Stockholm Teaching & Learning Studies. As a result of this analysis a typology of knowledge products was proposed including: (i) descriptions of knowing, (ii) teaching design, (iii) didactic examples and (iv) methodological tools. It has been proposed that additional knowledge products may be developed, such as artifacts to be used in teaching (e.g. lesson plans, visual representations). The roundtable will include the following points of discussion: 1) a brief presentation of the typology, 2) challenging and developing the typology of knowledge products proposed by previous research by investigating different cases of close-to-practice research from traditions of action research and practice-developing research within subject-didactics, and 3) discussing how the notion of knowledge products may contribute to advancing the conversation on cumulativity in the field of educational research in general, and in relation to syntheses of close-to-practice research in particular. The participants will be engaged in conversations on the desirability and feasibility of striving towards cumulativity.
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| 5. |
- Andrikopoulos, Petros, et al.
(author)
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Evidence of a causal and modifiable relationship between kidney function and circulating trimethylamine N-oxide
- 2023
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In: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The host-microbiota co-metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is linked to increased cardiovascular risk but how its circulating levels are regulated remains unclear. We applied "explainable" machine learning, univariate, multivariate and mediation analyses of fasting plasma TMAO concentration and a multitude of phenotypes in 1,741 adult Europeans of the MetaCardis study. Here we show that next to age, kidney function is the primary variable predicting circulating TMAO, with microbiota composition and diet playing minor, albeit significant, roles. Mediation analysis suggests a causal relationship between TMAO and kidney function that we corroborate in preclinical models where TMAO exposure increases kidney scarring. Consistent with our findings, patients receiving glucose-lowering drugs with reno-protective properties have significantly lower circulating TMAO when compared to propensity-score matched control individuals. Our analyses uncover a bidirectional relationship between kidney function and TMAO that can potentially be modified by reno-protective anti-diabetic drugs and suggest a clinically actionable intervention for decreasing TMAO-associated excess cardiovascular risk.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Frihammar, Mattias, PhD, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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I kalla krigets spår : hot, våld och beskydd som kulturarv
- 2023
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Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Det förflutna används ständigt för att ge mening åt nuet. I kalla krigets spår skildrar framväxten av ett nytt svenskt militärt kulturarv. Här visas hur minnen och lämningar från en tid fylld av rädsla och säkerhetspolitiska spänningar får nya innebörder när bunkrar och nedlagda militäranläggningar omvandlas till museer, lyxbostäder och spännande besöksmål.Genom fältbesök vid en rad militära kulturarvsplatser runt om i Sverige har författarna undersökt vilka miljöer, föremål och känslor som idag får representera kalla kriget. De visar hur dåtidens hemligheter, hotbilder och militärfordon både blir kittlande och fascinerande inslag i kulturarvet och förmedlar idéer om trygghet och beskydd.Här tas ett nytt grepp på kulturarvsfrågor genom att minnesskapande sätts i relation till säkerhetspolitik. Utifrån kritiska kulturarvsstudier och feministisk teori diskuteras den nationella gemenskapens gränser och vilken roll som genus och sexualitet har i berättelserna om hot och försvar.I en demokrati måste frågor om militärt våld alltid genomlysas och diskuteras. Med denna utgångspunkt granskas kulturarvets betydelse för förståelsen av hot och säkerhet. Boken uppmanar till reflektion om hur historien skrivs och om vad som krävs för att skapa trygghet.I kalla krigets spår är ett resultat av ett tvärvetenskapligt forskningsprojekt. Författarna är forskare vid Stockholms universitet och har skrivit boken tillsammans.
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| 8. |
- Frihammar, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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Kalla kriget som njutning och ideal
- 2021
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In: Dagens arena.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Känsloläget i försvarsdebatten har höjts, inte minst av Försvarsmakten själv. Frågan är inte längre om utan när kriget kommer. Den nya retoriken åkallar känslor förknippade med kalla kriget. En hotfull historisk period som idag används för att rättfärdiga försvarspolitik och signalera trygghet, skriver fyra forskare som tittat närmare på läget.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Krohn Andersson, Fredrik, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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As above, so below? : On AHD critique, identity, essence and Cold War heritagizations in Sweden
- 2023
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In: Journal of War & Culture Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1752-6272 .- 1752-6280. ; 16:4, s. 373-392
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, the example of Cold War heritagizations in a Swedish context is utilized to reflect on conceptualizations of heritage regarding identity and authenticity within critical heritage studies and research on Authorized Heritage Discourse (AHD). Herein, heritage is perceived as a difference machinery in which difference-produced identities are enacted and performed, and a Deleuzian and Butleresque antiessentialist perspective is adopted to show how the illusion of actual, nondifferential identities is underpinned by a hypostasized reification of AHD. Based on the analysis of how gender has been actualized within official and informal heritagizations, the central discussion concerns the purported benefits of heritages and heritagizations from below, often articulated within critical heritage studies literature. It is argued that both official and informal Cold War heritagizations construct a naturalized gendered logic of protection, with the consequence that security policy issues regarding protection and military violence are placed in a nonnegotiable, extrapolitical sphere.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Molinaro, Antonio, et al.
(author)
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Imidazole propionate is increased in diabetes and associated with dietary patterns and altered microbial ecology
- 2020
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Microbiota-host-diet interactions contribute to the development of metabolic diseases. Imidazole propionate is a novel microbially produced metabolite from histidine, which impairs glucose metabolism. Here, we show that subjects with prediabetes and diabetes in the MetaCardis cohort from three European countries have elevated serum imidazole propionate levels. Furthermore, imidazole propionate levels were increased in subjects with low bacterial gene richness and Bacteroides 2 enterotype, which have previously been associated with obesity. The Bacteroides 2 enterotype was also associated with increased abundance of the genes involved in imidazole propionate biosynthesis from dietary histidine. Since patients and controls did not differ in their histidine dietary intake, the elevated levels of imidazole propionate in type 2 diabetes likely reflects altered microbial metabolism of histidine, rather than histidine intake per se. Thus the microbiota may contribute to type 2 diabetes by generating imidazole propionate that can modulate host inflammation and metabolism.
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| 13. |
- Omerovic, Elmir, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Rationale and Design of Switch Swedeheart: A Registry-Based, Stepped-Wedge, Cluster-Randomized, Open-Label Multicenter Trial to Compare Prasugrel and Ticagrelor for Treatment of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.
- 2022
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In: American heart journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-8703 .- 1097-6744. ; 251, s. 70-77
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- European treatment guidelines recommend prasugrel over ticagrelor for treating patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (ACS), prompting several Swedish administrative regions to transition from ticagrelor to prasugrel as the preferred treatment for patients with ACS. We aim to systematically evaluate this transition to determine the relative efficacy of prasugrel versus ticagrelor in a real-world cohort of patients with ACS.The SWITCH SWEDEHEART trial is a prospective, multicenter, open-label, cross-sectional, stepped-wedge cluster-randomized clinical trial, in which administrative regions in Sweden will constitute the clusters. At the start of the study, all clusters will use ticagrelor as the P2Y12 inhibitor drug of choice for ACS. The order in which the clusters will implement the transition from ticagrelor to prasugrel will be randomly assigned. Every nine months, one cluster will switch from ticagrelor to prasugrel as the P2Y12 inhibitor of choice for patients with ACS. The primary endpoint is the composite one-year death rate, stroke, or myocardial infarction.The SWITCH SWEDEHEART study will provide an extensive randomized comparison between ticagrelor and prasugrel to date. Novel therapies are frequently costly and supported by evidence from few or small studies, and systematic evaluation after the introduction is rare. This study will establish an important standard for introducing and evaluating the effects of healthcare changes within our societies.
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| 14. |
- Ríos Bayona, Francisco, et al.
(author)
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The importance of accounting for matedness when predicting the peak shear strength of rock joints
- 2021
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In: IOP Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. ; , s. 012017-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The contribution from both surface roughness and matedness in the peak shear strength of rock joints is not yet well understood. To be able to account for the influence of matedness on the peak shear strength of rock joints, both surface roughness and aperture need to be considered. Technical developments over the past few decades have shown that both surface roughness and aperture can be accurately measured using optical scanning. This technique has been utilized to account for surface roughness parameters in various shear strength criteria that assume a perfect match between joint surfaces. This paper investigates and compares the capabilities of two shear strength criteria to predict the peak shear strength of rock joints with different matedness. The analysis performed shows that both approaches have their strengths and limitations. For instance, accounting for the matedness of unmated rock joints based on their surface aperture gives better predictions of the peak shear strength. On the other hand, accounting for shearing failure mode becomes relevant at high normal loads. A possible way forward to reduce the limitations of these criteria could be to combine their strengths.
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