| 1. |
- Andersson, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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Mixed C60/C70 based fullerene acceptors in polymer bulk-heterojunction solar cells
- 2012
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In: Organic Electronics: physics, materials, applications. - : Elsevier BV. - 1566-1199 .- 1878-5530. ; 13:12, s. 2856-2864
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Different mixtures of identically substituted C60 and C70 based fullerens have been used as acceptors in three polymer: fullerene systems that strongly express various performance limiting aspects of bulk heterojunction solar cells. Results are correlated with, and discussed in terms of e.g. morphology, charge separation, and charge transport. In these systems, there appears to be no relevant differences in either mobility or energy level positions between the identically substituted C60 and C70 based fullerenes tested. Examples of how fullerene mixtures influence the nano-morphology of the active layer are given. An upper limit to the open circuit voltage that can be obtained with fullerenes is also suggested.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Berglund, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Self-reported disability in relation to alcohol and other drug use and mental health among emerging adults : an international comparison
- 2012
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In: Alcoholism. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 36:s1, s. 284A-284A
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The present study includes baseline data from 2867 students (77.8% from Sweden, 22.2% from US) and evaluates the relationships among self-reported disabilities, alcohol use, other substance use, and psychosocial adjustment. There were 114 (4.6%) ‘‘hard-of-hearing’’ (HH) students, 129 (5.2%) reported visual disabilities, 33 (1.3%) reported motor disabilities, 223 (9.0%) reported a reading/writing disability, and 97 (3.6%) reported they had ‘‘other’’ disabilities. Of these, 70 (14.1%) reported more than one disability. Presence of a disability was significantly higher among Sweden students (2 (1)=19.93, p< 0.001), with 19.1% of Sweden students and 11.5% of US students reporting at least one disability. Reporting any type of disability was associated with significantly greater alcohol use frequency, intensity, and related problems (all p < 0.02), significantly more mental health symptoms and conduct problems (p < 0.005), and significantly greater likelihood of illicit and prescription drug use (all p < 0.001). With respect to specific disabilities, individuals with motor disabilities reported the highest levels of alcohol use and mental health symptoms, whereas individuals who reported ‘‘other’’ disabilities had higher rates of illicit drug use and conduct problems. Further, there was a significantly positive correlation between the number of disabilities and intensity of alcohol use, mental health symptoms, conduct problems, illicit and prescription drug use, and alcohol related problems (all p < 0.001). The association between conduct problems and disability (any disability and number of disabilities) was moderated by country of origin, gender, and drinking for coping reasons on the Drinking Motives Questionnaire. Participants in Sweden, males, and those who drank for coping reasons were more likely to report a relationship between disability and conduct problems (p < 0.001). Participants who drank for coping reasons were also more likely to report a relationship between disability and alcohol related problems (p=0.001). These findings indicate students with disabilities are an important risk group for preventive interventions for alcohol, substance, and mental health problems, and may benefit from interventions which target healthy coping skills. This research was supported by NIAAA # 5R01AA018276 awarded to Drs. Larimer & Berglund
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Grazioli, V.S., et al.
(author)
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Injunctive norms of alcohol-related consequences among high school students : impact on alcohol outcomes
- 2013
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In: Alcoholism. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 37:s2, s. 156A-156A
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Literature indicates that high school students experience numerous negative consequences related to drinking (Miller, Naimi, Brewer, & Jones, 2007). It is therefore important to understand determinants of drinking behaviors in this population, such as injunctive norms (i.e., perception of self and/or others’ approval of a specific behavior; Cialdini et al., 1990). A recent study among college students documented a discrepancy between personal attitudes about alcohol-related consequences and perceived attitudes of peers, with students perceiving peers to be more approving of alcohol-related consequences than themselves, which predicted higher rates of alcohol use (DeMartini, Carey, Lao, & Luciano, 2011). To our knowledge, this has not been studied among high school students. Thus, the purpose of the current study is to evaluate the predictive role of perceived differences in injunctive norms between self and peers for alcohol-related consequences among high school seniors. The sample included 3,352 students in the US (n = 1181, 57.7%female) and Sweden (n = 2171, 55.9% female), participating in an international longitudinal study about alcohol use trajectories. Measures included injunctive norms for self and friends for alcohol-related consequences (i.e., 7 items adapted from the RAPI; White & Labouvie, 1989), alcohol-related consequences (RAPI; White & Labouvie, 1989), and alcohol use (DDQ; Collins, Parks, & Marlatt, 1985). Paired samples t-tests were used to compare mean injunctive norms for self (M = 1.78), and friends (M = 2.02). There was a significant difference in perceived attitudes between self and friends (t (3173) = -17.76, p < .001) such that injunctive norms for self were lower than for friends. Next, regression analyses evaluated the discrepancy in injunctive norms for self and friends and its relation to alcohol outcomes. Differences between self and friends were computed by subtracting self from friends (F-S). F-S significantly predicted total drinks per week (b = .11, F (1, 3059) = 40.27, p < .001), average drinks per drinking occasion (b = .08, F (1, 3059) = 17.37, p < .001), and negative consequences (b = .21, F (1, 3113) = 143.09, p < .001). These results provide additional support of the importance of injunctive norms of alcohol-related consequences in young adults and have implications for prevention programs tailored to high school students. This research was supported by NIAAA #U01 AA018276 awarded to Drs. Larimer & Berglund.
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| 7. |
- Larimer, M.E., et al.
(author)
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An international comparison of a web-based personalized feedback intervention in high school students USA and Sweden
- 2013
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In: Alcoholism. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 37:s2, s. 260A-260A
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A key developmental period for alcohol misuse is emerging adulthood (roughly ages 18–25). Personalized Feedback Interventions (PFI) are effective in reducing alcohol-related harmin college populations, however little research has evaluated PFIs given during high school.Moreover, cultural differences influence both alcohol misuse and response to interventions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a web-based PFI given to high school seniors (ages 17-19) in the USA and Sweden. 1181 participants (42.3%male; 28.3%risky drinkers based on AUDIT-C) in the USA and 2171 in Sweden (44.1%male; 52.3% risky drinkers based on AUDIT-C) were assessed during their high school senior year. Approximately 1/3 were randomized to receive PFI. Approximately 1 week after viewing the PFI, participants were asked to complete a post-feedback satisfaction survey (3 subscales: information motivated change, shared information with friends, information was educational), and their “stage” on the readiness to change scale. Results showed 1) information motivated change subscale was associated with increases in contemplation and action stages of change and decreases in precontemplation; Swedish participants and those with higher AUDIT-C scores had lower scores; (2) USA sample was less likely to share information with friends; those with higher AUDIT-C scores were more likely to share information with friends; and (3) those with higher AUDIT-C scores were less likely to find information educational. Participants completed 6- and 12- month follow up surveys. After controlling for key baseline variables and using appropriate distributions for analyses, 6 month outcomes from 2236 participants (852 in USA; 1384 in Sweden; 731 received PFI), found those who received PFI drank significantly less alcohol per occasion (typical and peak), had lower blood alcohol concentration (typical and peak) and drank on fewer occasions than those who did not receive the PFI (effect size range: d = .12 to d = .22). There were no significant effects of PFI on alcohol-related problems or readiness to change and no significant interactions between country of residence and intervention on drinking outcomes. Results suggest web-based PFIs given during senior year of high school are efficacious in reducing alcohol use during transition to adulthood. Twelve-month outcomes and mediators will also be presented. This research was supported by NIAAA # 5R01AA018276 awarded to Drs. Larimer & Berglund.
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| 8. |
- Lofvenborg, J. E., et al.
(author)
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Coffee consumption and the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults-results from a Swedish case-control study
- 2014
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In: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1464-5491 .- 0742-3071. ; 31:7, s. 799-805
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims Coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of Type2 diabetes. Our aim was to investigate if coffee intake may also reduce the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, an autoimmune form of diabetes with features of Type2 diabetes. Methods We used data from a population-based case-control study with incident cases of adult onset (35years) diabetes, including 245 cases of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positive), 759 cases of Type2 diabetes (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody negative), together with 990 control subjects without diabetes, randomly selected from the population. Using questionnaire information on coffee consumption, we estimated the odds ratio of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and Type2 diabetes adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, physical activity, alcohol, education and family history of diabetes. Results Coffee intake was inversely associated with Type2 diabetes (odds ratio0.92, 95%CI 0.87-0.98 per cup/day). With regard to latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, the general trend was weak (odds ratio1.04, 95%CI 0.96-1.13), but stratification by degree of autoimmunity (median glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody levels) suggested that coffee intake may be associated with an increased risk of high glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (odds ratio1.11, 95%CI 1.00-1.23 per cup/day). Furthermore, for every additional cup of coffee consumed per day, there was a 15.2% (P=0.0268) increase in glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody levels. Conclusions Our findings confirm that coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of Type2 diabetes. Interestingly, the findings suggest that coffee may be associated with development of autoimmunity and possibly an increased risk of more Type1-like latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.
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| 9. |
- Park, S. W., et al.
(author)
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Cyclophilin 20-3 relays a 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid signal during stress responsive regulation of cellular redox homeostasis
- 2013
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 110:23, s. 9559-9564
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The jasmonate family of phytohormones plays central roles in plant development and stress acclimation. However, the architecture of their signaling circuits remains largely unknown. Here we describe a jasmonate family binding protein, cyclophilin 20-3 (CYP20-3), which regulates stress-responsive cellular redox homeostasis. (+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) binding promotes CYP20-3 to form a complex with serine acetyltransferase 1, which triggers the formation of a hetero-oligomeric cysteine synthase complex with O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase B in chloroplasts. The cysteine synthase complex formation then activates sulfur assimilation that leads to increased levels of thiol metabolites and the buildup of cellular reduction potential. The enhanced redox capacity in turn coordinates the expression of a subset of OPDA-responsive genes. Thus, we conclude that CYP20-3 is a key effector protein that links OPDA signaling to amino acid biosynthesis and cellular redox homeostasis in stress responses.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Claes, et al.
(author)
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Relationship of Protective Behavioral Strategies to Alcohol Consequences Among Swedish High School Seniors : Moderating Role of Conduct Disorder Symptoms
- 2012
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In: Alcoholism. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 36:s1, s. 67A-67A
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This observational study sought to improve our understanding of factors that contribute to risky sexual behavior among women seeking treatment for alcohol and other substance use disorders. Women were recruited at the start of outpatient (n=236) or inpatient (n=166) treatment. At intake, a Timeline Follow-back interview was used to obtain retrospective reports of daily drinking, drug use, and sexual behavior for a 90-day pre-treatment baseline period. Additional interview and questionnaire measures also were obtained. Measures were re- administered at four 90-day follow-up interviews. Among women who reported sex with a primary partner during baseline (n=261), 15% reported consistent condom use for all events with this partner, whereas 80% reported no condom use with this partner. Among women who reported sex with a non-primary partner (n=159; doesn’t include commercial sex trading), 26% reported consistent condom use and 45% reported no condom use with such partners. Significant correlates of non-use of condoms included negative beliefs and attitudes and low self-efficacy regarding condom use and AIDS prevention, as well as psychological distress, sexual impulsiveness and sensation seeking, history of severe assault by a male partner, and (with primary partners) negative partner attitudes toward condom use. Some of these correlates also predicted unprotected sex with a primary partner during the first 90 days after treatment entry, after controlling for baseline. However, unsafe sex with a non-primary partner during follow-up was most notably associated with follow-up levels of substance use, i.e., more drinks per drinking day and greater frequency of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use. In sum, preliminary analyses of baseline and follow-up data indicate a high prevalence of unprotected sex in this population. Identification of factors related to baseline and follow-up levels of risky behavior may suggest targets for future intervention development.
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| 11. |
- Fenwick, O., et al.
(author)
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Efficient red electroluminescence from diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymerised with a polyfluorene
- 2013
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In: APL Materials. - : AIP Publishing. - 2166-532X. ; 1:3, s. Art. no. 032108-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the synthesis, characterization, and device incorporation of copolymers based on a common green-emitting polyfluorene but containing a small proportion of a low energy gap donor-acceptor-donor unit for red emission in photo- and electroluminescence. At just 1%-3% random incorporation, the low-gap unit is not present on all chains, yet we demonstrate that efficient charge and energy transfer can yield electroluminescent devices with 1% quantum efficiency and a color that can be tuned by adjusting the density of low-gap units to achieve primary red (National Television System Committee). The high current density tail off in the efficiency is reduced by replacing the hole-injection layer with a photochemically cross-linked electron-blocking layer.
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| 12. |
- Henriksson, Patrik, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Stability study of quinoxaline and pyrido pyrazine based co-polymers for solar cell applications
- 2014
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In: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 130, s. 138-143
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present two co-polymer families; one based on a thiophene-quinoxaline unit and one on a thiophene-pyrido pyrazine unit. Co-polymerization of these monomers with thiophene-hexylthiophene was performed to create polymers with an optical absorption that fully covers the visible part of the solar spectrum with the aim to enhance the solar cell performances of these polymers. We have also studied how increasing the fraction of thiophene-hexylthiophene affects the photo-oxidative stability of these polymers. Thiophene-pyrido pyrazine solar cells displayed increased device efficiency upon addition of the thiophene-hexylthiophene and, in addition, the stability is retained upon inclusion of these units. In contrast, we found that for the thiophene-quinoxaline based co-polymer, both device efficiency and stability decreased with increasing thiophene-hexylthiophene fraction. Moreover, our results indicate that the photo-oxidative stability of the thiophene-quinoxaline co-polymer is independent of the polymer molecular weight as well as of the film thickness.
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| 13. |
- Koch, Kristine, et al.
(author)
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Mechanical and structural properties of solution-cast high-amylose maize starch films
- 2010
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In: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 46:1, s. 13-19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Environmental issues have forced the introduction of sustainable solutions such as annually renewable resources being used as a raw material for packaging and disposables. This paper examined the effects of time and temperature during manufacturing and plasticiser content on the molecular structure of high-amylose maize starch films. It also analysed how manufacturing conditions, plasticiser content and molecular structure of the films affected their material properties. It was found that increased time or temperature increased the degradation of amylose and of amylopectin, which in turn negatively affected film cohesiveness. However, neither time nor temperature had any effect on tensile properties. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
- Löfvenborg, J E, et al.
(author)
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Fatty fish consumption and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
- 2014
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In: Nutrition & Diabetes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2044-4052. ; 4, s. e139-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that intake of fatty fish may protect against both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Hypotheses rest on the high marine omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid+docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) and vitamin D contents, with possible beneficial effects on immune function and glucose metabolism. Our aim was to investigate, for the first time, fatty fish consumption in relation to the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA).METHODS: Analyses were based on data from a Swedish case-control study with incident cases of LADA (n=89) and type 2 diabetes (n=462) and randomly selected diabetes-free controls (n=1007). Diabetes classification was based on the onset of age (⩾35), glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies, and C-peptide. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to derive information on previous intake of fish, polyunsaturated long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and supplementation of fish oil and vitamin D. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression, adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), family history of diabetes, physical activity, smoking, education, and consumption of alcohol, fruit, vegetables and red meat.RESULTS: Weekly fatty fish consumption (⩾1 vs <1 serving per week), was associated with a reduced risk of LADA but not type 2 diabetes (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.30-0.87, and 1.01, 95% CI 0.74-1.39, respectively). Similar associations were seen for estimated intake of n-3 PUFA (⩾0.3 g per day; LADA: OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.35-1.03, type 2 diabetes: OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.79-1.58) and fish oil supplementation (LADA: OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.19-1.12, type 2 diabetes: OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.08-2.31).CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that fatty fish consumption may reduce the risk of LADA, possibly through effects of marine-originated omega-3 fatty acids.
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| 15. |
- Månsson, Kristoffer N T, et al.
(author)
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Development and Initial Evaluation of an Internet-Based Support System for Face-to-Face Cognitive Behavior Therapy: A Proof of Concept Study
- 2013
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In: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : Journal of Medical Internet Research / JMIR Publications. - 1438-8871. ; 15:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Evidence-based psychological treatments, such as cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), have been found to be effective in treating several anxiety and mood disorders. Nevertheless, issues regarding adherence are common, such as poor patient compliance on homework assignments and therapists drifting from strictly evidence-based CBT. The development of Internet-delivered CBT (ICBT) has been intensive in the past decade and results show that guided ICBT can be as effective as face-to-face CBT but also indicate a need to integrate the two forms of CBT delivery. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanObjective: In this study, we developed and tested a new treatment format in which ICBT and face-to-face therapy were blended. We designed a support system accessible via the Internet (using a computer or an Apple iPad) for patients and therapists delivering CBT face-to-face. The support system included basic CBT components and a library of interventions gathered from existing ICBT manuals. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: The study involved 15 patients with mild to moderate anxiety or depression (or both). Eight therapists conducted the treatments. All participants were interviewed after the nine-week intervention. Further, patients provided self-reports on clinical measures pre- and post-trial, as well as at a 12-month follow-up. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: A reduction was found in symptom scores across all measures. The reliable change index ranged from 60% to 87% for depression and anxiety. Large effect sizes (Cohens d) ranging from 1.62 (CI 95% 0.59-2.66) to 2.43 (CI 95% 1.12-3.74) were found. There were no missing data and no treatment dropouts. In addition, the results had been maintained at the 12-month follow-up. Qualitative interviews revealed that the users perceived the support system as beneficial. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: The results suggest that modern information technology can effectively blend with face-to-face treatments and be used to facilitate communication and structure in therapy, thus reducing therapist drift.
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| 16. |
- Pal, S. K., et al.
(author)
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Geminate Charge Recombination in Polymer/Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Films and Implications for Solar Cell Function
- 2010
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In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5126 .- 0002-7863. ; 132:35, s. 12440-12451
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have studied the influence of three different fullerene derivatives on the charge generation and recombination dynamics of polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell blends. Charge generation in APFO3/[70]PCBM and APFO3/[60]PCBM is very similar and somewhat slower than charge generation in APFO3/[70]BTPF. This difference qualitatively matches the trend in free energy change of electron transfer estimated from the LUMO energies of the polymer and fullerene derivatives. The first order (geminate) charge recombination rate is significantly different for the three fullerene derivatives studied and increases in the order APFO3/[70]PCBM
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| 17. |
- Steckler, Timothy, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Near-Infrared Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Low-Energy Gap Oligomers Copolymerized into a High-Gap Polymer Host
- 2013
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In: Macromolecular Rapid Communications. - : Wiley. - 1022-1336 .- 1521-3927. ; 34:12, s. 990-996
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Near-infrared (NIR) polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) based on a fluorene-dioctyloxyphenylene wide-gap host material copolymerized with a low-gap emitter are presented. Various loadings (1, 2.5, 10, 20 mol%) of the low-gap emitter are studied, with higher loadings leading to decreased efficiencies likely due to aggregation effects. While the 10 mol% loading resulted in almost pure NIR emission (>99.6%), the 1 mol% loading yielded optimum device performance, which is among the best reported to date for a unblended single-layer pure polymer emitter, with an external quantum efficiencies of 0.04% emitting at 909 nm. The high spectral purity of the PLEDs combined with their performance support the methodology of copolymerization as an effective strategy for developing NIR PLEDs.
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