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- Hagbert, Pernilla, Dr, 1986-, et al.
(author)
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Futures Beyond GDP Growth : Final report from the research program 'Beyond GDP Growth: Scenarios for sustainable building and planning'
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A future society no longer based on economic growth – what would that look like?The research program “Beyond GDP Growth: Scenarios for sustainable building and planning” (www.bortombnptillvaxt.se) is a strong research environment funded by the Swedish Research CouncilFormas, which has run between 2014 and 2018. In collaboration with societal partners, the program hasgathered researchers from diferent disciplines to explore key issues and conditions for planning for asustainable future beyond GDP growth. This is a relevant contribution to a largely under-researchedarea, where few scientific studies have explored what a sustainable society could look like, and what asustainable economy that is not based on growth might actually mean.In economic and political discussions, the notion of continuous economic growth is often taken forgranted and seen as a prerequisite for a safe and sustainable societal development. At the same time,a blind faith in and expectations surrounding growth can constitute a threat to the development of asustainable society if growth declines. Also an optimistic prognosis from the OECD indicates that it islikely that future GDP growth will be lower than what has come to be seen as the normal level duringthe second half of the 20th century. Declining economic growth could mean risks for increased socialgaps and unemployment. However, economic models show that the possibilities for handling these risksincrease if there is an awareness of them, and if this is addressed politically. Therefore, it is important tonot just assume continued economic growth, but to plan also for alternative scenarios.A starting point for the research program has been an understanding of the significant transitionsneeded to approach a safe and just operating space for humanity within planetary boundaries. Fourgoals that should be met in order to consider the societal development sustainable were specified: twoenvironmental goals related to climate and land use, and two social goals regarding power, influence andparticipation, and welfare and resource security.Four scenarios for Sweden 2050 were developed, which show the diferent directions society could taketo reach the set sustainability goals. The scenarios illustrate future societies that do not have to build onthe current economic logic, but that instead are centred around four alternative strategies:Collaborative EconomyLocal Self-SufciencyAutomation for Quality of LifeCircular Economy in the Welfare StateSo, can we reach the selected sustainability targets in the four future scenarios? A transformation ofhistorical proportions are needed – and it needs to start immediately. According to the sustainabilityassessment conducted within the project, the environmental goals of climate and land use can be reachedin all scenarios, even though it demands changing multiple parameters at the same time. Nothing pointsto it being impossible or generally difcult to achieve the social goals in the four scenarios, however theremight be diferent aspects that are particularly tricky. There are both development potentials and risks,which can be diametrically opposite for diferent social groups and parts of the country, depending onthe local prerequisites.Many diferent images of sustainable futures are needed. The scenarios should be seen as a tool fordiscussion and analysis when it comes to planning for a sustainable societal development beyondGDP growth. They challenge notions of what is possible, what changes that can and should be made,6what decisions that are needed and what should be prioritized. The scenarios all suggest a largechange compared the current development trajectory, and for example all point towards the need forredistribution of resources. It might involve economic resources, but could also relate to power andinfluence over production, or the possibility to use land for production of food, materials and energy.This redistribution could happen according to diferent principles in the diferent scenarios.In all the scenarios, the consumption of goods and of meat is reduced. Flight travel also needs to bedrastically reduced to reach the climate target. There is furthermore a need for reducing the constructionof both housing and road infrastructure, although to varying extents in the four scenarios. Other aspectssuch as working hours, the organization of welfare systems, the characteristics of the built environmentand the amount of infrastructure needed are on the other hand diferent in the diferent scenarios.The research program has explored what a development that isn't based on economic growth, in linewith the strategies that are depicted in the scenarios, would mean for rural as well as urban conditions.Three case study municipalities were selected with regards to their diferent geographical location,built form, economic development and size of the population: Övertorneå, Alingsås and Malmö. Insome sub-studies in these diferent contexts, descriptions emerged of cognitive as well as structuralbarriers, a sense of powerlessness and a weak capacity for transition among diferent actors. This isconnected to expectations and general assumptions regarding growth, partly irrespective of the context.Municipalities and companies to a large extent plan for and expect a societal development that buildsupon a further expansion of infrastructure, transport and consumption. Despite visions for sustainabledevelopment, in practice this often leads to a reproduction of current unsustainable structures and waysof life.At the same time, specific empirical studies within the project point toward stories of self-sufciency,of regional upswings and that the population is more important than GDP. There is an increasedawareness and a multitude of examples of experimenting with new sustainable practices that constituteseeds for change. Critiques against planning for continuous growth is being taken more seriously andclearer political visions are demanded. New forms of organizing the economy, society and welfare arealso being developed. Some examples include working from a perspective on socio-ecological justice,integration of sustainability targets in all planning, and developing new roles for consumers andproducers. These ideas can be seen as windows of opportunity, but also show that change can happenwithin the current system.The future means change. In this research program, we point towards some possible futures that aimat reaching certain sustainability targets. The scenarios and the discussion and analysis that they havebrought about show that there is an opportunity to move towards a sustainable development withmaintained or even increased well-being – provided that the understanding of well-being is based onother values than those of our current society. For these possible future trajectories to gain support,there is a need of political instruments and measures that actively drive the development towards a justand safe operating space for humanity
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- Svenfelt, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Scenarios for sustainable futures beyond GDP growth 2050
- 2019
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In: Futures. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0016-3287 .- 1873-6378. ; 111, s. 1-14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The idea of continued economic growth is increasingly questioned and critically analysed on the basis of its potential negative sustainability impact. Along with the critique, visions and strategies for alternative systems need also be brought onto the agenda. The aim of this paper is to present the qualitative content of scenarios that explore sustainability strategies for the Swedish society when economic growth is not seen as an end in itself, and instead the objective is other values/targets that society might wish to achieve. Multi-target backcasting scenarios are developed that illustrate future states in which four sustainability targets (climate, land use, participation, and resource security) are to be attained. The focus of these four scenarios is: 1) a Collaborative economy, 2) Local self-sufficiency, 3) Automation for quality of life, and 4) Circular economy in the welfare state. In the paper, we also present the process of the development of the scenarios, and feedback from stakeholders. Although the focus is on Sweden, the process and scenarios may also be relevant for other similar countries. The scenarios are discussed in terms of their relevance and their purpose, the fulfilment of the sustainability targets, and the multi-target approach.
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- Aretun, Åsa, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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GoMate – Diversifierad elfordonspool för den förtätade staden : slutrapport
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I GoMate-projektet har diversifierad elfordonspool vid boendet testats: pool bestående av elcyklar, elassisterade lådcyklar och elbilar, i två innerstadsområden i Jönköping. Det övergripande syftet med projektet har varit att undersöka om och i vilken utsträckning som en diversifierad elfordonspool kan bidra till minskad bilanvändning till förmån för användning av mer hållbara mobilitetslösningar.Resultaten visar att en diversifierad elfordonspool har potential att minska bilanvändningen. Det är framförallt elcykel som ersätter bilresor till vardags, vilket på sikt kan minska bilinnehav till förmån för nyttjande av biltjänster vid enstaka tillfällen (sällanresor).Om potentialen ska kunna realiseras krävs dock pris- och affärsmodeller för pooltjänsterna som stimulerar till minskad bilanvändning, betraktat som en process som kan förväntas ske successivt över tid. En sådan process behöver vidare understödjas av policy, styrmedel och åtgärder som begränsar och försvårar bilresande i innerstaden.Om potentialen ska realiseras behöver också poolverksamheten skalas upp betydligt avseende antal fordon per lägenhet. Trots att det var en relativt stor poolverksamhet med totalt 17 (varav 15 cyklar) fordon för 160 hushåll, som testades i projektet, så hade den endast kapacitet att försörja en mycket liten andel av de boendes totala resande, och med mycket små effekter avseenden bidrag till energioch klimatmål.
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- Aretun, Åsa, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Policy för spridning av elbilar : några aktuella perspektiv och forskningsbehov: en förstudie
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna rapport baseras på en förstudie som har haft särskilt fokus på att utforska policy för spridning av elbilar i Norge respektive Sverige. Elbilar utgör en av de fordonstekniker som står i centrum i förhållande till målsättningar om en fossiloberoende fordonsflotta, som antagits av länder som Sverige och Norge. Förstudien har haft som övergripande syfte att belysa vad som påverkar policyutformningen i respektive land samt hur policy förhåller sig till forskning och kunskap om spridning av miljötekniska innovationer. Detta för att belysa framtida kunskaps- och forskningsbehov kring spridning av elbilar specifikt och miljötekniska innovationer på fordonsområdet mer generellt. Förstudien innefattar en svensk och en norsk delstudie av nationell miljö- och transportpolicy med bäring på spridning av elbilar samt FoU-policy med anknytning till denna fordonsteknik. De båda delstudierna har på olika sätt använt och relaterat till internationell forskning och teoribildning kring spridning av miljötekniska innovationer i de analyser som har genomförts. Via delstudierna har kunskapsbehov kopplat till policyutveckling och tre tematiska områden för vidare forskning identifierats: Mång- och tvärvetenskaplig forskning om spridning av miljötekniska fordon- och transportinnovationer. Tema handlar om att inlemma spridningsfrågorna tydligare inom ramen för forskning och innovation på fordons- och transportområdet, Kunskapsbaserad policyforskning. Temat knyter an till föregående tema och handlar om att bedriva policyforskning i nära anslutning till kunskapsproduktionen kring spridning av miljötekniska innovationer inom fordons- och transportområdet i syfte att utveckla mer kunskapsbaserad policy, Policy som politisk process. Temat handlar om utforskning av olika aktörers makt och inflytande över policyprocesser och utfall, som beslutsfattare, tjänstemän, experter, industriaktörer, intresseorganisationer och miljöorganisationer.
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- Henriksson, Malin, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Åtgärder för att frigöra parkeringsplatser för besöksparkering och potentiella konsekvenser för arbetspendlare : en analys av parkering som social praktik
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- En genomtänkt parkeringsstrategi kan bidra till bättre tillgänglighet, ren luft samt en säker, trygg och mer jämlik stadsmiljö. Frågan är dock hur olika åtgärder som styr parkering påverkar bilister. Syftet med studien är att undersöka varför besöksparkering används till arbetsplatsparkering. Centrala frågeställningar är hur orsaker och behov till arbetspendling med bil skiljer sig mellan olika grupper och hur åtgärder som styr parkering påverkar dessa grupper. Underlaget för studien är ett femtiotal kvalitativa intervjuer utförda i parkeringshus på strategiskt utvalda platser och tidpunkter i en mellanstor svensk stad. Fem olika mobilitetstyper som beskriver människors vardagliga resor identifieras: den hållbara resenären, den bekväma bilisten, den stressade bilisten, på-landet-bilisten och med-bilen-på-jobbet-bilisten. Det finns stora skillnader i hur de olika mobilitetstyperna påverkas av åtgärder som styr parkering. Mest sårbara för förändringar är de grupper som har komplexa vardagsliv med många vardagliga resor med flera olika mål, samt grupper som har begränsad tillgång till kollektivtrafik. En central slutsats är att många av informanterna inte är vanebilister, utan uppger att de gärna utnyttjar kollektivtrafiken eller cyklar när det är möjligt. Parkeringsåtgärder som uppmuntrar individen att åka kollektivt eller cykla när hen kan, snarare än system som legitimerar och cementerar vanemässigt bilkörande blir därför relevanta.
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- Levin, Lena, 1958-, et al.
(author)
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Att integrera jämställdhet i länstransportplanering : Slutredovisning av forskningsprojektet Implementering av metod för jämställdhetskonsekvensbedömning (JKB) i svensk transportinfrastrukturplanering
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of the project was to develop and test the model for Gender Equality Impact Assessment as proposed in the report Gender Equality in Traffic Planning. Principally the focus was on the Swedish national gender equality objectives of economic equality and the equal distribution of unpaid housework and provision of care. The project also aimed to identify the need for development of knowledge (of gender equality) and to develop an undergraduate training course for professionals in transportation planning.The departure of the project was taken in the objectives of gender equality in transport and the national gender equality objectives. Every fourth to fifth year a county transport plan is formed for each of the 20 regions of Sweden. These plans are the basis for investments in transport for 10–15 years in the future. The plans are used to prioritize the major transport infrastructure initiatives at the national, regional and local level.The research project was organised into five work packages, where researchers and planners collaborated. Initially the researchers analysed how gender came into account in the last two regional transport plans, and in focus groups and workshops with planners discussed their viewpoints on gender equality in the regional transportation planning. These analyses and discussions formed the basis for the two work packages with additional working sessions where a number of steps in a procedure were tested with the aim to further develop a working model for gender equality impact assessment.
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- Nyberg, Jonna, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Welfare consequences for individuals whose driving licenses are withdrawn due to visual field loss : A Swedish example
- 2019
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In: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- HighlightsNegative consequences in many welfare dimensions due to driving license withdrawal.Car-oriented land use affect the ability to use alternative transport.Strong links between transport access, participation in activities, and welfare.Perceptions of unfairness concerning the license withdrawal due to visual field loss.Reduced citizen trust in government regulations/decisions warrants further research.
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