| 1. |
- Arvidsson, Daniel, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Cardiorespiratory fitness and the association with galectin-1 in middle-aged individuals.
- 2024
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 19:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Galectin-1 plays a functional role in human metabolism and the levels are altered in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study investigates the association of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with galectin-1 and the interconnection with body fatness. Cross-sectional data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) pilot was analyzed, including a sample of 774 middle-aged individuals. A submaximal cycle ergometer test was used to estimate CRF as an indirect measure of the physical activity (PA) level. Serum-galectin-1 concentration was determined from venous blood collected after an overnight fast. Body mass index (BMI) was used as an indirect measure of body fatness. CRF was significantly associated with galectin-1, when controlled for age and sex (regression coefficient (regr coeff) = -0.29, p<0.001). The strength of the association was attenuated when BMI was added to the regression model (regr coeff = -0.09, p = 0.07), while the association between BMI and galectin-1 remained strong (regr coeff = 0.40, p<0.001). CRF was associated with BMI (regr coeff = -0.50, p<0.001). The indirect association between CRF and galectin-1 through BMI (-0.50 x 0.40) contributed to 69% of total association (mediation analysis). In group comparisons, individuals with low CRF-high BMI had the highest mean galectin-1 level (25 ng/ml), while individuals with high CRF-low BMI had the lowest level (21 ng/ml). Intermediate levels of galectin-1 were found in the low CRF-low BMI and high CRF-high BMI groups (both 22 ng/ml). The galectin-1 level in the low CRF-high BMI group was significantly different from the other three groups (P<0.001). In conclusion, galectin-1 is associated with CRF as an indirect measure of the PA level through interconnection with body fatness. The size of the association is of clinical relevance.
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| 2. |
- Arvidsson, Daniel, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Fundament for a methodological standard to process hip accelerometer data to a measure of physical activity intensity in middle-aged individuals.
- 2024
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 34:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is a lack of a methodological standard to process accelerometer data to measures of physical activity, which impairs data quality and comparability. This study investigated the effect of different combinations of settings of multiple processing components, on the measure of physical activity and the association with measures of cardiometabolic health in an unselected population of middle-aged individuals.METHODS: Free-living hip accelerometer data, aerobic fitness, body mass index, HDL:total cholesterol ratio, blood glucose, and systolic blood pressure were achieved from 4391 participants 50-64 years old included in The Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) baseline measurement (cross-sectional). Lab data were also included for calibration of accelerometers to provide comparable measure of physical activity intensity and time spent in different intensity categories, as well as to enhance understanding. The accelerometer data processing components were hardware recalibration, frequency filtering, number of accelerometer axes, epoch length, wear time criterium, time composition (min/24 h vs. % of wear time). Partial least regression and ordinary least regression were used for the association analyses.RESULTS: The setting of frequency filter had the strongest effect on the physical activity intensity measure and time distribution in different intensity categories followed by epoch length and number of accelerometer axes. Wear time criterium and recalibration of accelerometer data were less important. The setting of frequency filter and epoch length also showed consistent important effect on the associations with the different measures of cardiometabolic health, while the effect of recalibration, number of accelerometer axes, wear time criterium and expression of time composition was less consistent and less important. There was a large range in explained variance of the measures of cardiometabolic health depending on the combination of processing settings, for example, 12.1%-20.8% for aerobic fitness and 5.8%-14.0% for body mass index.CONCLUSIONS: There was a large variation in the physical activity intensity measure and the association with different measures of cardiometabolic health depending on the combination of settings of accelerometer data processing components. The results provide a fundament for a standard to process hip accelerometer data to assess the physical activity in middle-aged populations.
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| 3. |
- Arvidsson, Ida, et al.
(author)
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Deep learning prediction of quantitative coronary angiography values using myocardial perfusion images with a CZT camera
- 2023
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In: Journal of Nuclear Cardiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1071-3581 .- 1532-6551. ; 30:1, s. 116-126
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Evaluate the prediction of quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) values from MPI, by means of deep learning. Methods: 546 patients (67% men) undergoing stress 99mTc-tetrofosmin MPI in a CZT camera in the upright and supine position were included (1092 MPIs). Patients were divided into two groups: ICA group included 271 patients who performed an ICA within 6 months of MPI and a control group with 275 patients with low pre-test probability for CAD and a normal MPI. QCA analyses were performed using radiologic software and verified by an expert reader. Left ventricular myocardium was segmented using clinical nuclear cardiology software and verified by an expert reader. A deep learning model was trained using a double cross-validation scheme such that all data could be used as test data as well. Results: Area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for the prediction of QCA, with > 50% narrowing of the artery, by deep learning for the external test cohort: per patient 85% [95% confidence interval (CI) 84%-87%] and per vessel; LAD 74% (CI 72%-76%), RCA 85% (CI 83%-86%), LCx 81% (CI 78%-84%), and average 80% (CI 77%-83%). Conclusion: Deep learning can predict the presence of different QCA percentages of coronary artery stenosis from MPIs.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Baldanzi, Gabriel, et al.
(author)
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Accelerometer-based physical activity is associated with the gut microbiota in 8416 individuals in SCAPIS.
- 2024
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In: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 100
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous population-based studies investigating the relationship between physical activity and the gut microbiota have relied on self-reported activity, prone to reporting bias. Here, we investigated the associations of accelerometer-based sedentary (SED), moderate-intensity (MPA), and vigorous-intensity (VPA) physical activity with the gut microbiota using cross-sectional data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study.METHODS: In 8416 participants aged 50-65, time in SED, MPA, and VPA were estimated with hip-worn accelerometer. Gut microbiota was profiled using shotgun metagenomics of faecal samples. We applied multivariable regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and technical covariates, and accounted for multiple testing.FINDINGS: Overall, associations between time in SED and microbiota species abundance were in opposite direction to those for MPA or VPA. For example, MPA was associated with lower, while SED with higher abundance of Escherichia coli. MPA and VPA were associated with higher abundance of the butyrate-producers Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia spp. We observed discrepancies between specific VPA and MPA associations, such as a positive association between MPA and Prevotella copri, while no association was detected for VPA. Additionally, SED, MPA and VPA were associated with the functional potential of the microbiome. For instance, MPA was associated with higher capacity for acetate synthesis and SED with lower carbohydrate degradation capacity.INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest that sedentary and physical activity are associated with a similar set of gut microbiota species but in opposite directions. Furthermore, the intensity of physical activity may have specific effects on certain gut microbiota species.FUNDING: European Research Council, Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, Swedish Research Council, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.
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| 6. |
- Börjesson, Mats, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Correlates of cardiorespiratory fitness in a population-based sample of middle-aged adults : cross-sectional analyses in the SCAPIS study
- 2022
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In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 12:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: This study aimed to identify main sex-specific correlates of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in a population-based, urban sample of Swedish adults.Design: Cross-sectional.Setting: Multi-site study at university hospitals, data from the Gothenburg site.Participants: A total of 5308 participants (51% women, aged 50-64 years) with a valid estimated VO2max, from submaximal cycle test, in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), were included.Primary and secondary outcomes: A wide range of correlates were examined including (a) sociodemographic and lifestyle behaviours, (b) perceived health, anthropometrics and chronic conditions and (c) self-reported as well as accelerometer-derived physical activity and sedentary behaviours. Both continuous levels of estimated VO2max as well as odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI)s of low VO2max (lowest sex-specific tertile) were reported.Results: In multivariable regression analyses, higher age, being born abroad, short education, high waist circumference, poor perceived health, high accelerometer-derived time in sedentary and low in vigorous physical activity, as well as being passive commuter, correlated independently and significantly with low VO2max in both men and women (OR range 1.31-9.58). Additionally in men, financial strain and being an ex-smoker are associated with higher odds for low VO2max (OR 2.15; 95% CI 1.33 to 3.48 and OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.80), while constant stress with lower odds (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.85). Additionally in women, being a regular smoker is associated with lower odds for low VO2max (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.92).Conclusions: The present study provides important reference material on CRF and correlates of CRF in a general middle-aged population, which can be valuable for future research, clinical practice and public health work. If relations are causal, increased knowledge about specific subgroups will aid in the development of appropriate, targeted interventions.
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| 7. |
- Franzén, Elin, 1982-
(author)
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Radio : Vardagsliv tillsammans med ett massmedium
- 2021
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis examines the radio medium as a phenomenon of experience. The perspective relates to phenomenological philosophy, dealing with human knowledge as an ongoing intentional relationship with the world: to experience is to grasp things such as they appear to the subjective consciousness. Radio is accordingly understood as a phenomenon that is given meaning through the individual user’s encounters with the medium in its constitutive forms. The research is based on a qualitative material of approximately 200 questionnaire responses and interviews with 17 persons, describing the presence of the medium in the current lives of the participants as well as through their lifetime, which, from a phenomenological viewpoint, makes radio appear both in terms of a present phenomenon and objects of recollection. The experiences that were documented in the late 2010s thus span almost the entire history of the radio medium in Sweden.The everyday embeddedness of radio is analyzed by focusing on three constitutive aspects that have emerged in the empirical data: technical equipment, mediated content, and temporal structures. By breaking down the phenomenon into these aspects, the thesis presents a detailed description of the ways in which radio is integrated into and constitutes everyday contexts. Encounters with technical equipment, mediated content, and temporal structures are analytically described in terms of biographical orientations toward shifting media environments throughout the history of the medium. How radio has been present in life shapes experiences of radio in the present. Likewise, today’s media use defines how radio appears as a phenomenon of the past. Throughout the thesis, participants navigate radio environments in the shape of smartphones, transistor radios, vacuum tube receivers, linear flows of broadcasting, and on demand-structures. Radio is shown to be one of many interlaced components in the complex making of the everyday.
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| 8. |
- Fridolfsson, Jonatan, 1992, et al.
(author)
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Accelerometer-measured absolute versus relative physical activity intensity : cross-sectional associations with cardiometabolic health in midlife.
- 2023
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In: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 23:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Observational studies investigating the association between accelerometer-measured physical activity and health all use absolute measures of physical activity intensity. However, intervention studies suggest that the physical activity intensity required to improve health is relative to individual fitness. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between accelerometer-measured absolute and relative physical activity intensity and cardiometabolic health, and what implications these associations may have on the interpretation of health-associated physical activity.METHODS: A sample of the cross-sectional Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) consisting of 4,234 men and women aged 55-64 years was studied. Physical activity intensity was measured by accelerometry and expressed as absolute (e.g., metabolic equivalents of task) or relative (percentage of maximal oxygen consumption). Fitness was estimated by the submaximal Ekblom-Bak test. A composite ('metabolic syndrome') score combined measures of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and glycated hemoglobin. Associations of absolute and relative physical activity intensity with the health indicators (i.e., fitness and metabolic syndrome score) were studied by partial least squares regression. Analyses were stratified by fitness level.RESULTS: Both absolute and relative physical activity intensity associated with the health indicators. However, the strongest associations for absolute intensity varied depending on fitness levels, whereas the associations for relative intensity were more synchronized across fitness groups. The dose-response relationship between moderate-to-vigorous intensity and the health indicators was stronger for relative than for absolute intensity. The absolute and relative moderate-to-vigorous intensity cut-offs intersected at the 5th fitness percentile, indicating that the absolute intensity cut-off is too low for 95% of individuals in this sample. While 99% of individuals fulfilled the general physical activity recommendations based on absolute intensity measures, only 21% fulfilled the recommendations based on relative intensity measures. In relation to a "sufficient" fitness level, 9% fulfilled the recommendations.CONCLUSIONS: Accelerometer-measured relative physical activity intensity represents the intensity related to health benefits regardless of fitness level. Traditional absolute moderate intensity accelerometer cut-offs are too low for most individuals and should be adapted to the fitness level in the sample studied. Absolute and relative physical activity intensity cannot be used interchangeably.
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| 9. |
- Fridolfsson, Jonatan, et al.
(author)
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Fitness-related physical activity intensity explains most of the association between accelerometer data and cardiometabolic health in persons 50-64 years old.
- 2024
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In: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate the physical activity (PA) intensity associated with cardiometabolic health when considering the mediating role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).METHODS: A subsample of males and females aged 50-64 years from the cross-sectional Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study was investigated. PA was measured by accelerometry and CRF by a submaximal cycle test. Cardiometabolic risk factors, including waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides and glycated haemoglobin, were combined to a composite score. A mediation model by partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to analyse the role of CRF in the association between PA and the composite score.RESULTS: The cohort included 4185 persons (51.9% female) with a mean age of 57.2 years. CRF mediated 82% of the association between PA and the composite score. The analysis of PA patterns revealed that moderate intensity PA explained most of the variation in the composite score, while vigorous intensity PA explained most of the variation in CRF. When including both PA and CRF as predictors of the composite score, the importance of vigorous intensity increased.CONCLUSION: The highly interconnected role of CRF in the association between PA and cardiometabolic health suggests limited direct effects of PA on cardiometabolic health beyond its impact on CRF. The findings highlight the importance of sufficient PA intensity for the association with CRF, which in turn is linked to better cardiometabolic health.
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| 10. |
- Fridolfsson, Jonatan, 1992, et al.
(author)
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One size does not fit all - translating absolute accelerometry to relative individual physical activity intensity for health
- 2023
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In: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Volume 30, Issue Supplement_1. - : Oxford University Press.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Funding AcknowledgementsType of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): The main funding body of The Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) is the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation. The study is also funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and VINNOVA (Sweden’s Innovation agency) the University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm county council, Linköping University and University Hospital, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Umeå University and University Hospital, Uppsala University and University Hospital.IntroductionPhysical activity intensity can be expressed in either absolute (e.g. brisk walking or metabolic equivalents) or relative terms (e.g. proportion of maximal oxygen consumption or perceived exertion) (1). Although intervention studies typically use relative intensity for exercise prescription, large scale observational studies measuring physical activity with accelerometers always use absolute intensity. The association between relative physical activity intensity and cardiometabolic risk factors has not been studied using accelerometry previously.PurposeTo compare absolute and relative measures of physical activity intensity in terms of physical activity level and associations with cardiovascular risk factors among individuals with different fitness level.MethodsA subsample of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), in total 4234 men and women aged 50-64, was analysed (2). Physical activity was measured by accelerometers and the raw data processed with the 10 Hz frequency extended method (FEM) to get a more accurate measure of physical activity intensity compared to previous methods (3). Maximal oxygen consumption (fitness) was estimated by a submaximal ergometer test. Waist to hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin (HBA1c) and high-density lipoprotein to total cholesterol ratio were combined into a composite cardiometabolic risk factor score. Partial least squares regression was used to investigate the associations of absolute and relative physical activity intensity with fitness as well as the composite score. The sample was divided into tertiles of fitness for stratified analyses.ResultsOverall, there was an association between physical activity at absolute moderate intensity and above, and the health outcomes. Yet, the main associations were found in the absolute moderate intensity range for the low fitness group and in the absolute vigorous intensity range for the high fitness group. When considering relative intensity however, all the main associations started in the upper part of the moderate intensity range and peaked in the vigorous intensity range (Figure 1). In addition, when comparing absolute and relative cut-offs for moderate intensity, absolute moderate intensity was too low for 95% of individuals in the sample (Figure 2). When using absolute intensity, 99% of individuals reached the general guidelines of 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week, while only 21% reached the guidelines based on relative intensity.ConclusionsHealth benefits of absolute intensity are misleading for most individuals in this sample and absolute measures of physical activity overestimate time spent at moderate intensity and above. Relative intensity should be used when interpreting accelerometer measured physical activity and when communicating health promoting physical activity.
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| 11. |
- Fridolfsson, Jonatan, 1992, et al.
(author)
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Stronger association between high intensity physical activity and cardiometabolic health with improved assessment of the full intensity range using accelerometry
- 2020
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In: Sensors (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 20:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. An improved method of physical activity accelerometer data processing, involving a wider frequency filter than the most commonly used ActiGraph filter, has been shown to better capture variations in physical activity intensity in a lab setting. The aim of the study was to investigate how this improved measure of physical activity affected the relationship with markers of cardiometabolic health. Accelerometer data and markers of cardiometabolic health from 725 adults from two samples, LIV 2013 and SCAPIS pilot, were analyzed. The accelerometer data was processed using both the original ActiGraph method with a low‐pass cut‐off at 1.6 Hz and the improved method with a low‐pass cut‐off at 10 Hz. The relationship between the physical activity intensity spectrum and a cardiometabolic health composite score was investigated using partial least squares regression. The strongest association between physical activity and cardiometabolic health was shifted towards higher intensities with the 10 Hz output compared to the ActiGraph method. In addition, the total explained variance was higher with the improved method. The 10 Hz output enables correctly measuring and interpreting high intensity physical activity and shows that physical activity at this intensity is stronger related to cardiometabolic health compared to the most commonly used ActiGraph method.
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| 12. |
- Griffin, Frida, 1994, et al.
(author)
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Maintaining or increasing cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with reduced hospital admission rate.
- 2024
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In: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 31:4, s. 436-444
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To investigate the association between change in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related and all-cause hospital admission, and explore if the association varies dependent on prior admission, baseline CRF, sex, and age.METHODS: 91,140 adult participants (41.5% women) with two examinations from occupational health profile assessments between 1986 and 2019 were included (mean 3.2-years between examinations). CRF was assessed as maximal oxygen consumption and estimated through a submaximal cycle test. CRF change was defined as annual percentage change in relative CRF (mL*min-1*kg-1) and further divided into "decliners" (<-1%), "maintainers" (-1%; 1%), and "increasers" (>1%). Hospital admissions were followed over a mean of 7-years. Natural cubic splines and Cox's proportional hazards model were applied. Additionally, prevented fraction for the population was calculated.RESULTS: Increase in CRF was associated with lower risk of CVD [HR = 0.99] and all-cause hospital admission [HR = 0.99], after multilevel-adjustment for confounders and change in smoking, diet, and stress. Compared to a decline, maintenance of CRF was associated with 9% and 7% lower risk of CVD and all-cause admission, respectively. Increase in CRF reduced the risk with 13% and 11%, and for individuals with prior admission, with 20% and 14%. The burden of CVD and all-cause admission was 6% and 5% lower than if the whole cohort had declined CRF, with large potential cost-savings.CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to maintain or improve CRF should be included in disease preventive strategies, regardless of change in other lifestyle-related risk factors. Preventing the age-associated decline in CRF can lessen healthcare utilization and costs.
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| 13. |
- Quintino, Luis, et al.
(author)
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Automated quantification of neuronal swellings in a preclinical rodent model of Parkinson's disease detects region-specific changes in pathology
- 2022
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In: Journal of Neuroscience Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0270. ; 378
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The development of axonal pathology is a key characteristic of many neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. With advanced disease progression, affected axons do display several signs of pathology such as swelling and fragmentation. In the AAV vector-mediated alpha-synuclein overexpression model of Parkinson's disease, large (> 20 µm2) pathological swellings are prominent characteristics in cortical and subcortical structures. New method: This report describes a novel, macro-based workflow to quantify axonal pathology in the form of axonal swellings in the AAV vector-based alpha-synuclein overexpression model. Specifically, the approach is using background correction and thresholding before quantification of structures in 3D throughout a tissue stack. Results: The method was used to quantify TH and aSYN axonal swellings in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. Regional differences in volume and number of axonal swellings were observed for both in TH and aSYN, with the striatum displaying the greatest signs of pathology. Comparison with existing methods: Existing methods for the quantification of axonal pathology do either rely on proprietary software or are based on manual quantification. The ImageJ workflow described here provides a method to objectively quantify axonal swellings both in volume and number. Conclusion: The method described can readily assess axonal pathology in preclinical rodent models of Parkinson's disease and can be easily adapted to other model systems and/or markers.
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| 14. |
- Röös, Elin, et al.
(author)
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Klimatpåverkan av utfodring med halm som vinterfoder till dikor : beräkning av klimatavtrycket på gårdsnivå och från ett kg kött ur ett livscykelperspektiv
- 2024
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med den här studien var att uppskatta klimateffekten ur ett livscykelperspektiv av att byta ut en del av vallfodret i dikors vinterfoder till halm i svensk integrerad dikalvsproduktion, beräknat för en 30-kors-besättning i Götalands skogsbygd. Hur utsläppen per kg nötkött påverkas liksom utsläppen på gårdsnivå beräknades. Förändringar i markkol samt indirekta klimateffekter av denna förändring uppskattades också. Utfodring med halm frigör mark på gården vilket möjliggör alternativ användning av denna mark. Två olika användningsområden för denna ’frigjorda’ mark undersöks; 1) för att producera mer avsalugröda (vete), eller 2) för att etablera mer betesmark. Klimatavtrycket för 1 kg nötkött (slaktkroppsvikt) beräknades till 24 kg koldioxidekvivalenter (CO2e) för referens- respektive de två halmscenarierna då utsläpp från markkol och avskogning till följd av eventuell restaurering av naturbetesmark inte inkluderades. Utsläppen dominerades av utsläpp av metan från fodersmältningen (69 respektive 70 procent i referens- respektive halmsystemen) och för utsläpp från foderproduktionen (16 respektive 14 procent i referensrespektive halmsystemen). Gödselhanteringen bidrog också med 7,4 respektive 7,3 procent av utsläppen. Utsläpp från avskogning blev 1,0 kg CO2 per kg kött (slaktkroppsvikt) för halmfodersystemen om utsläppen allokeras över 100 år. Om dessa utsläpp istället allokeras över en period på 20 år blev utsläppen från avskogning 5,2 kg CO2 per kg kött (slaktkroppsvikt). Förändringar i markkol ledde till utsläpp av 1,3 kg CO2 per kg kött för scenario halmfoder-vete och 0,63 kg CO2 per kg kött för scenario halmfoder-bete. Nettoavtrycket blev 24, 26 och 25 kg CO2e per kg kött för referens- respektive halmscenarierna då utsläppen från avskogningen allokeras över 100 år. Då avskogningen istället allokerades över 20 år blev nettoavtrycket 24, 31 och 25 kg CO2e per kg kött (slaktkroppsvikt). I alla system producerades lika mycket nötkött eftersom det är samma antal kor och kalvar med samma tillväxt. Mängden vete är lika i referensfallet och i scenariot med halmfoder-bete, medan den är betydligt större för scenariot halmfoder-vete där den mark som frigörs används för spannmålsodling. Resultaten från denna studie visar att klimatavtrycket för nötköttet och gården som helhet totalt sett inte påverkas i någon större utsträckning när en del av dikornas vinterfoder utgörs av halm istället för vallfoder om inte utsläppen från avskogningen beaktas. Om utsläpp förknippade med den eventuella avskogning av mark som behövs för bete inkluderas och dessa allokeras över 20 år blir det dock en väsentlig skillnad mellan referensscenariet och halmscenarierna. Om avskogningsutsläppen däremot allokeras över 100 år blir skillnaden liten. Den stora skillnaden mellan scenarierna blir den att i fallet där den ’sparade’ marken i halmscenariot används för att odla mer vete, så producerar gården betydligt mer avsalugröda.
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| 15. |
- Stenberg, Elin, et al.
(author)
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A Comparison of Fresh and Frozen Lamb Meat-Differences in Technological Meat Quality and Sensory Attributes
- 2022
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In: Animals. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2615. ; 12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Simple Summary Freezing is used to extend the storage time of meat and is common practice in lamb meat production, since it maintains a steady supply of seasonal meat throughout the year and allows shipping over long distances. Fresh meat may also be purchased and frozen at home, to enable longer storage of the product before consumption. Freezing is the best preservation method, apart from chilling of fresh meat. However, differences in quality parameters between fresh and frozen meat may influence consumer choice and preferences. It is thus important to evaluate these differences, and how they are affected by conditions and animal handling during primary production, slaughter method and storage conditions before retail sale. This study examined the effect of freezing on technological meat quality and sensory attributes in lamb meat samples collected at two different slaughterhouses using different slaughter methods. Several differences between fresh and frozen-thawed meat were detected in terms of technological meat quality and sensory attributes, including colour, Warner-Bratzler shear force, cooking loss, flavour attributes and juicy texture. Technological meat quality and sensory attributes of fresh and frozen lamb meat were compared. Samples were collected from two abattoirs (one small-scale, one large-scale) that use different slaughter methods in terms of chilling regime and electrical stimulation. The fresh and frozen meat samples included products from both slaughter systems. Ten twin pairs of ram lambs were used in the study, with one of each twin slaughtered at each abattoir. Fresh meat was analysed after chilling and frozen meat was stored frozen for three months and analysed after thawing. The Musculus longissimus thoracis et lumborum was analysed for colour, cooking loss, sensory attributes, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and distribution of water and lipid within each meat sample. Meat samples analysed after frozen storage were darker, less red and more yellow than the fresh meat. Freezing and frozen storage increased fluid loss and WBSF compared with the fresh meat, due to protein denaturation. Frozen storage affected sensory attributes by increasing fatty odour, frying flavour, sour flavour, fatty flavour and liver flavour, and by reducing juicy texture and mushy texture.
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| 16. |
- Stenberg, Elin, et al.
(author)
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A Comparison of Two Different Slaughter Systems for Lambs. Effects on Carcass Characteristics, Technological Meat Quality and Sensory Attributes
- 2021
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In: Animals. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2615. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Simple SummarySlaughter systems for lambs can differ in many ways, as they are optimised to meet site-specific conditions, and may affect carcasses differently. It is therefore important to assess whether different slaughter systems affect meat quality parameters such as colour and tenderness, which are important meat quality factors from a consumer perspective when buying a meat product. This study investigated whether two slaughter systems differing in stunning method, electrical stimulation of carcasses and chilling regime resulted in differences in quality attributes in meat from intact male lambs. It also examined whether breeding for carcasses with a higher incidence of lean muscle and less fat content has affected tenderness scores for Icelandic lambs over time. The results showed that the two slaughter systems tested did not affect meat quality parameters to any large extent. Further analysis showed an increase in mechanical tenderness values in meat samples from the Icelandic lamb population over time, which could be due to selective breeding for carcasses with higher muscle and less fat content.Two slaughter systems for lambs and their effects on meat quality in terms of texture, colour and sensory attributes were compared. The slaughter systems differed in methods for controlling rigor mortis and carcass chilling. One slaughter system (large-scale) used electrical stimulation and fast chilling of carcasses, while the other system (small-scale) did not use electrical stimulation and applied slower chilling, with carcass temperature decreasing over a longer period after slaughter. Ten pairs of ram lamb twins were selected, and one of each pair was slaughtered at the large-scale abattoir and the other at the small-scale abattoir. Carcass weight, conformation, fatness, pH and temperature were recorded. Musculus longissimus thoracis et lumborum was analysed for colour, cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force and sensory attributes. For meat quality attributes, the only differences were found in meat colour L* (lightness; p = 0.0073), sensory attribute "appearance colour " (p = 0.0089) and "fatty flavour " (p = 0.0554). Meat from the small-scale abattoir was darker in colour and had a more fatty flavour than the meat from the large-scale abattoir. For sensory attributes (apart from colour), no significant differences were found between the two abattoir systems.
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- Stenberg, Elin, et al.
(author)
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Carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes in lambs reared indoors, on cultivated pasture, or on semi-natural pasture
- 2020
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In: Agricultural and Food Science. - : The Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 29:5, s. 432-441
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study evaluated the effects of different lamb production systems on live weight gain (LWG), carcass quality and meat quality. Four production systems for weaned intact male lambs were examined: Indoor feeding with grass silage and concentrate (group 1), grazing on cultivated pasture with (group 2) or without (group 3) concentrate, and grazing on semi-natural pasture (group 4). Live weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, carcass conformation, fatness and pH decline were recorded at slaughter, and M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum was analysed for colour, thawing and cooking loss, pH after 24 hours and 6 days, and Warner-Bratzler shear force. LWG was strongly affected by production system, being highest for group 1 and lowest for group 4 (p<0.001). Group 4 had the lowest conformation (p=0.002) and fat scores (p<0.001). Hence, production system affected age at slaughter, live weight gain, weight at slaughter, carcass conformation and fatness scores, but caused no differences in meat quality attributes in intact male lambs.
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