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- Arvidsson, Rickard, 1985, et al.
(author)
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An Evaluation of Discharge Strategies for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
- 2016
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In: 25th Aachen Colloquium.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Discharge strategies for known routes are tested in a Volvo XC90 T8 PHEV in order to evaluate fuel consumption for the drivetrain of a real commuting cycle. An approximate optimal solution is obtained by dynamic programming. The method is implemented in the vehicle control system and compared to a heuristic strategy. The work has been carried out at Volvo Cars test facilities in Gothenburg. Results show that for a known route both combustion engine and battery efficiency increases in both tested methods, with decreased charge transfer through the battery and less charge sustain operation. The dynamic programming strategy has previously been shown to outperform rule based strategies in terms of fuel consumption by comparing the methods in simulation studies. In this study the dynamic programming solution reduced the consumption with - 4 %, and the heuristic strategy decreased consumption even further to - 8 %.
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| 2. |
- Arvidsson, Rickard, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Battery parameter estimation from recorded fleet data
- 2016
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In: SAE Technical Papers. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191 .- 2688-3627. ; 2016-Octobeer
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A method to identify battery parameters for a Li-ION hybrid battery model based on current and voltage measurements performed in a vehicle during 12 months of in use operation is investigated. This is different from previous work where a common approach is to use current pulse de-rating tests, HPPC, hybrid pulse-power capability, which uses predetermined amplitudes and frequencies of current pulses. Equivalent circuit linear models of different complexity were tested and evaluated in order to identify parameter dependencies at different state of charge levels and temperatures. The average accuracy of modelling the DC bus voltage provides a model goodness average higher than 75% for all analyzed individual log files. The models are used in order to estimate energy output from the battery and compared towards how the estimated voltage error propagates throughout a drive cycle. Both single RC equivalent circuit model and R-equivalent circuit model experienced goodness of fit at average 75 % and dual RC equivalent circuit model was less accurate with average 40 %.
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| 3. |
- Arvidsson, Rickard, 1984, et al.
(author)
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The zinc paradox – a problem for USEtox-based indicators of national chemical footprints?
- 2016
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In: SETAC Europe 22th Case Study Symposium, 20-22 September, Montpellier, France.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Considering the immense problem of chemical pollution worldwide, there is a great need for methods that can be used to calculate indicators of chemical footprints. Such indicators can be calculated for products and services using life cycle assessment (LCA), but also for whole nations. Indicators of national chemical footprints may include emissions within the nation’s borders only, or also emissions related to consumption (thus having a life cycle perspective). A limited number of studies ( 50% of the toxicity impacts for both ecotoxicity and human toxicity. For ecotoxicity, this is not unreasonable considering the notable toxicity of zinc to aquatic organisms. For human toxicity, this result is more surprising. Zinc is an essential trace element for humans that many take as a dietary supplement to prevent zinc deficiency. Non-LCA sources describe zinc as “relatively harmless” to human health. The World Health Organisation (WHO) does not list zinc among the top ten chemicals of major public health concern, although there are other metals on the list (mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic). These contradictory claims about zinc’s health impact seem to constitute a paradox. We present a review of existing studies assessing indicators of national chemical footprints, and of toxicological research related to zinc. We further discuss potential causes of this zinc paradox, as well as implications for assessments of indicators of national chemical footprints with USEtox.
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