SwePub - search: WFRF:(Bergström Christian)

Enumeration	Reference	Cover	Find
1.	Bergström, Anders, et al. (author) Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs 2022 In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 607:7918, s. 313-320 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The grey wolf (Canis lupus) was the first species to give rise to a domestic population, and they remained widespread throughout the last Ice Age when many other large mammal species went extinct. Little is known, however, about the history and possible extinction of past wolf populations or when and where the wolf progenitors of the present-day dog lineage (Canis familiaris) lived. Here we analysed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years from Europe, Siberia and North America. We found that wolf populations were highly connected throughout the Late Pleistocene, with levels of differentiation an order of magnitude lower than they are today. This population connectivity allowed us to detect natural selection across the time series, including rapid fixation of mutations in the gene IFT88 40,000–30,000 years ago. We show that dogs are overall more closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia than to those from western Eurasia, suggesting a domestication process in the east. However, we also found that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half of their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication process or admixture from local wolves. None of the analysed ancient wolf genomes is a direct match for either of these dog ancestries, meaning that the exact progenitor populations remain to be located.
2.	Nilsson, Christian, et al. (author) The SNEPQ Econometric Model of the Swedish Economy 1997 Book (other academic/artistic)
3.	Alhamdow, Ayman, et al. (author) Low-level exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is associated with reduced lung function among Swedish young adults 2021 In: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 197 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been linked to adverse pulmonary effects. However, the impact of low-level environmental PAH exposure on lung function in early adulthood remains uncertain. Objectives: To evaluate the associations between urinary PAH metabolites and lung function parameters in young adults. Methods: Urinary metabolites of pyrene, phenanthrene, and fluorene were analysed in 1000 young adults from Sweden (age 22–25 years) using LC-MS/MS. Lung function and eosinophilic airway inflammation were measured by spirometry and exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO), respectively. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate associations between PAH metabolites and the outcomes. Results: Median urinary concentrations of 1-OH-pyrene, ∑OH-phenanthrene, and ∑OH-fluorene were 0.066, 0.36, 0.22 μg/L, respectively. We found inverse associations of ∑OH-phenanthrene and ∑OH-fluorene with FEV1 and FVC, as well as between 1-OH-pyrene and FEV1/FVC ratio (adjusted P < 0.05; all participants). An increase of 1% in ∑OH-fluorene was associated with a decrease of 73 mL in FEV1 and 59 mL in FVC. In addition, ∑OH-phenanthrene concentrations were, in a dose-response manner, inversely associated with FEV1 (B from −109 to −48 compared with the lowest quartile of ∑OH-phenanthrene; p trend 0.004) and FVC (B from −159 to −102 compared with lowest quartile; p-trend <0.001). Similar dose-response associations were also observed between ∑OH-fluorene and FEV1 and FVC, as well as between 1-OH-pyrene and FEV1/FVC (p-trend <0.05). There was no association between PAH exposure and FeNO, nor was there an interaction with smoking, sex, or asthma. Conclusion: Low-level PAH exposure was, in a dose-response manner, associated with reduced lung function in young adults. Our findings have public health implications due to i) the widespread occurrence of PAHs in the environment and ii) the clinical relevance of lung function in predicting all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality.
4.	Almemark, Mats, et al. (author) Aktiva badhus 2015 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Projektet syftar till att ta fram ett underlag som kan ligga till grund för de val man gör som anläggningsägare då en simhall med all kringutrustning skall utformas och byggas, i syfte att såväl byggnation som drift av badhusen ska genomföras på ett så miljö- och hälsomässigt samt ekonomiskt hållbart sätt som möjligt. De aspekter som behandlas är energianvändning, vattenrening, ventilation och innemiljö, driftsoptimering genom simulering av driften med en simuleringsmodell som har tagits fram inom ramen för projektet samt städmetoder. Den övervägande delen av befintliga badhus är utrustade med reningsanläggningar bestående av sandfilter med flockningssteg. I stort sett alla badhus använder klor för att desinficera badvattnet. I och med att problemen med bildning av desinfektionsbiprodukter uppmärksammats i en allt större utsträckning på senare tid så har kompletterande reningssteg tillförts. Membranfiltrering för rening av badvatten har länge varit en allt för energikrävande teknik och därför inte setts som ett gångbart alternativ till sandfilter. Det finns dock en potential för att använda membranteknik i större utsträckning framöver då tekniken utvecklats och idag inte är lika energikrävande som förr. Rent teoretiskt så är energibehovet för membranfiltrering i samma storleksordning som för sandfilter. De badhus som studerats i detta projekt har använt klor för att desinficera bassängvattnet. Inom ramen för projektet har energianvändningen i tre badhus kartlagts, och förslag till energieffektiviseringsåtgärder har tagits fram. Resultatet visar att det är möjligt effektivisera energianvändningen i badhus med i storleksordningen 70 procent jämfört med dagens nivåer, vilket avsevärt förbättrar såväl miljöprestanda som den ekonomiska bärkraften för anläggningarna.
5.	Andersson, Christer, et al. (author) Manifest för lämplig styrning av hälso- och sjukvården 2018 In: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 115:3 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
6.	Andersson, Magnus, et al. (author) 10. Impacts on the Global Atmosphere : Climate Change and Ozone Depletion 2003. - 1 In: Environmental Science. - Uppsala : Baltic University Press. - 9197001708 ; , s. 294-323 Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
7.	Angelin, Bo, et al. (author) Taste and smell : From molecular biology to behaviour 2004 In: Nutrition Reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0029-6643 .- 1753-4887. ; 62:11 SUPPL. Journal article (peer-reviewed)
8.	Axberg, Ulf, 1961, et al. (author) SBU har ordet: metoder som används i Sverige bör prövas vetenskapligt 2018 In: Socionomen. - 0283-1929. ; 2018:5 Journal article (other academic/artistic)
9.	Bake, Tina, et al. (author) Ghrelin Receptor Stimulation of the Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus in Rats Increases Food Intake but not Food Motivation 2020 In: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 28:8, s. 1503-1511 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective The lateral parabrachial nucleus (lPBN) in the brainstem has emerged as a key area involved in feeding control that is targeted by several circulating anorexigenic hormones. Here, the objective was to determine whether the lPBN is also a relevant site for the orexigenic hormone ghrelin, inspired by studies in mice and rats showing that there is an abundance of ghrelin receptors in this area. Methods This study first explored whether iPBN cells respond to ghrelin involving Fos mapping and electrophysiological studies in rats. Next, rats were injected acutely with ghrelin, a ghrelin receptor antagonist, or vehicle into the lPBN to investigate feeding-linked behaviors. Results Curiously, ghrelin injection (intracerebroventricular or intravenous) increased Fos protein expression in the lPBN yet the predominant electrophysiological response was inhibitory. Intra-lPBN ghrelin injection increased chow or high-fat diet intake, whereas the antagonist decreased chow intake only. In a choice paradigm, intra-lPBN ghrelin increased intake of chow but not lard or sucrose. Intra-lPBN ghrelin did not alter progressive ratio lever pressing for sucrose or conditioned place preference for chocolate. Conclusions The lPBN is a novel locus from which ghrelin can alter consummatory behaviors (food intake and choice) but not appetitive behaviors (food reward and motivation).
10.	Baldanzi, Gabriel, et al. (author) OSA Is Associated With the Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Functional Potential in the Population-Based Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study 2023 In: Chest. - : Elsevier. - 0012-3692 .- 1931-3543. ; 164:2, s. 503-516 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-breathing disorder linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Intermittent hypoxia and intermittent airway obstruction, hallmarks of OSA, have been shown in animal models to induce substantial changes to the gut microbiota composition and subsequent transplantation of fecal matter to other animals induced changes in blood pressure and glucose metabolism.RESEARCH QUESTION: Does obstructive sleep apnea in adults associate with the composition and metabolic potential of the human gut microbiota?STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We used respiratory polygraphy data from up to 3,570 individuals aged 50-64 from the population-based Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study combined with deep shotgun metagenomics of fecal samples to identify cross-sectional associations between three OSA parameters covering apneas and hypopneas, cumulative sleep time in hypoxia and number of oxygen desaturation events with gut microbiota composition. Data collection about potential confounders was based on questionnaires, on-site anthropometric measurements, plasma metabolomics, and linkage with the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register.RESULTS: We found that all three OSA parameters were associated with lower diversity of species in the gut. Further, the OSA-related hypoxia parameters were in multivariable-adjusted analysis associated with the relative abundance of 128 gut bacterial species, including higher abundance of Blautia obeum and Collinsela aerofaciens. The latter species was also independently associated with increased systolic blood pressure. Further, the cumulative time in hypoxia during sleep was associated with the abundance of genes involved in nine gut microbiota metabolic pathways, including propionate production from lactate. Lastly, we observed two heterogeneous sets of plasma metabolites with opposite association with species positively and negatively associated with hypoxia parameters, respectively.INTERPRETATION: OSA-related hypoxia, but not the number of apneas/hypopneas, is associated with specific gut microbiota species and functions. Our findings lay the foundation for future research on the gut microbiota-mediated health effects of OSA.
11.	Baresel, Christian, et al. (author) Behandling av biologiskt renat avloppsvatten med ozon eller aktivt kol 2014 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Behandling med ozon respektive granulerat aktivt kol (GAC) har jämförts för ytterligare rening av ett redan väl kemiskt och biologiskt behandlat avloppsvatten. Avloppsvattnet togs från försöksanläggningen Hammarby Sjöstadsverk där inkommande vatten till Henriksdalsverket behandlats genom förfällning, fördenitrifikation, nitrifikation och efterdenitrifikation i en MBR i pilotskala. Processen är den som planeras för den kommande utbyggnaden Henriksdalsverket, och ger ett partikelfritt vatten. Reningen i pilotanläggningen är mycket effektiv, men ytterligare avskiljning av en del organiska föreningar kan på sikt komma att krävas. Det gäller särskilt en del läkemedelsrester. Extra steg med ozonbehandling eller aktivt kol är de mest aktuella, och har testats i denna studie i en skala på ca 1 m3/tim. Koncentrationerna av 37 läkemedelsrester och ett antal fenoliska ämnen har analyserats före och efter behandlingarna. Ozon testades i doser mellan 3 och 13 g/m3. 9 av de 18 detekterbara läkemedlen i vattnet från MBR-piloten avlägsnades redan vid 3 g ozon/m3. Efter 5 g/m3 återstod 6 föreningar i mätbar halt, och efter 7 g/m3 endast 3 stycken (atenolol, metoprolol och oxazepam). Efter 13 g/m3 återstod endast oxazepam (18 ng/L). Bland fenolära föreningar avlägsnades triklosan och bisfenol A effektivt vid 7 g ozon/m3. Nonylfenol och oktylfenol var betydligt mer stabila, och halterna halverades bara vid 7 g/m3. 13 g ozon/m3 gav inte mycket bättre effekt. En metod att reglera ozondos efter behov diskuteras. Granulerat aktivt kol (GAC) testades i en anläggning med automatisk backspolning när bädden tenderade att sätta igen. Huvuddelen av analyserna gjordes när ca 6 800 bäddvolymer hade passerat, motsvarande ca 13 m3/kg kol. Avskiljningen avtar normalt med belastningen, men har i tidigare försök visats vara acceptabel åtminstone till 25 000 bäddvolymer eller 50 m3/kg kol. Kontakttiden i bädden (EBCT) tyckts inte påverka avskiljningen i intervallet 10 till 18 minuter. Avskiljningen av läkemedelsrester var generellt bättre med GAC än med 7 g ozon/m3, och för oxazepam även klart bättre än vid 13 g ozon/m3. Oktylfenol och triklosan reducerades bra, men inte nonylfenol och bisfenol A. Nya analyser vid högre belastning krävs dock för att bedöma avskiljningen över kolets hela tekniska livslängd. Kompletterande analyser efter runt 16 700 Empty Bed Volumes (EBV), motsvarande drygt 32 m3/kg kol, tyder dock på en fortsatt bra reningseffektivitet. Reningen med ozon och GAC jämfördes också med reningen vid omvänd osmos (RO) inom en annan aktivitet av projektet. RO var effektivare än både ozon och GAC, men är totalt sett betydligt mer resurskrävande. Avloppsvattnets färg minskade kraftigt med de två metoderna, men allra mest med ozon. Övriga parametrar påverkades mindre, men en ytterligare desinfektion av det redan ganska rena vattnet noterades med båda metoderna. Varje enskilt ämnes gränsvärde gällande möjlig påverkan på recipienten (PNEC) samt det aktuella reningsverkets initiala utspädning i recipienten bör styra reningsgraden. Vid en jämförelse mellan metoderna bör även kostnader (kapital- och driftskostnader) samt totala resursförbrukning tas i beaktan. Även en livscykel analys över den totala miljöpåverkan av dessa metoder bör ingå. Dessa beräkningar är ännu inte slutförda, men ozon blir troligen billigare än GAC vid samma grad av rening.
12.	Becker, Per, et al. (author) Efterklokhet underminerar förmågan att avvärja terror 2018 In: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447. Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract Analyzes of the terrorist attack on Drottninggatan have begun to be published. The risk is now that the debate will be governed by the logic of hindsight, that politicians and the media will be on the stands, pointing out mistakes and demand responsibility. Such a climate jeopardizes in the long run the development of our ability to prevent terrorist attacks, write four security researchers.
13.	Bereczky-Veress, Biborka, et al. (author) Host strain-dependent difference in susceptibility in a rat model of herpes simplex type 1 encephalitis. 2008 In: Journal of neurovirology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1538-2443 .- 1355-0284. ; 14:2, s. 102-18 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is characterized by severe focal brain inflammation leading to substantial loss of nervous tissue. The authors established a model of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV)-1-induced acute encephalitis in the rat by injecting into the whiskers' area a virus strain isolated from a fatal human HSE case. The model might resemble natural propagation of HSV-1 in humans; spreading from the mouth and lips via the trigeminal nerve to trigeminal ganglia and subsequently entering the central nervous system (CNS). HSV-1 infected Dark Agouti (DA) rats developed a well-synchronized disease and died 5 days after inoculation. HSV-1 detection by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), virus isolation and immunohistochemistry, magnetic resonance imaging, and histopathological examination verified dramatic encephalitis mainly in the brainstem, but also in the olfactory bulb and other segments of the brain of diseased rats. In contrast, Piebald Virol Glaxo (PVG) rats were completely resistant to disease, displaying a more rapid clearance of peripheral infection and no evidence of virus entering into neither the trigeminal ganglia nor the CNS. These results suggest a regulation of susceptibility to HSV-1-induced encephalitis at the level of peripheral infection and subsequent neuronal uptake/transport of the virus. This provides a basis for future positioning of genetic polymorphisms regulating HSE and for dissection of important pathogenetic mechanisms of this severe human disease.
14.	Berggren, Kristina, 1971, et al. (author) 3-Aminopiperidine Based Peptide Analogues as the First Selective Noncovalent Inhibitors of the Bacterial Cysteine Protease IdeS 2012 In: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 55:6, s. 2549-2560 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A series of eight peptides corresponding to the amino acid sequence of the hinge region of IgG and 17 newly synthesized peptide analogues containing a piperidine moiety as a replacement of a glycine residue were tested as potential inhibitors of the bacterial IgG degrading enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes, IdeS. None of the peptides showed any inhibitory activity of IdeS, but several piperidine-based analogues were identified as inhibitors. Two different analysis methods were used: an SDS-PAGE based assay to detect IgG cleavage products and a surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy based assay to quantify the degree of inhibition. To investigate the selectivity of the inhibitors for IdeS, all compounds were screened against two other related cysteine proteases (SpeB and papain). The selectivity results show that larger analogues that are active inhibitors of IdeS are even more potent as inhibitors of papain, whereas smaller analogues that are active inhibitors of IdeS inhibit neither SpeB nor papain. Two compounds were identified that exhibit high selectivity against IdeS and will be used for further studies.
15.	Bergström, Ann-Kristin, et al. (author) Composition and dispersal of riverine and lake phytoplankton communities in connected systems with different hydraulic retention times 2008 In: Freshwater Biology. - : Wiley. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 53:12, s. 2520-2529 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract 1. Lake phytoplankton community structure may be influenced by both internal factors (predation, competition, resource constraints) and external ones, such as dispersal of materials and cells between connected habitats. However, little is known about the importance of cell dispersal for phytoplankton community structure in lakes. 2. We investigated the abundance and dispersal of phytoplankton cells between connected rivers and lakes, and analysed whether similarities in phytoplankton community composition between rivers and lakes were primarily related to cell import rates or to characteristics of the local habitat. We focused on lakes along a gradient of theoretical water retention times (TWRT). Two data sets from Swedish lakes were used; a seasonal study of two connected boreal forest lakes, differing in TWRT, and a multi-lake study of 13 lakes with a continuous range of TWRTs. 3. Phytoplankton cells were transported and dispersed in all investigated rivers. In the seasonal study, cell import rates and similarities in phytoplankton community composition between the lake and its inlet(s) were much higher in the lake with a shorter TWRT. Phytoplankton community structure in different habitats was associated with total organic carbon (TOC). This indicates that local habitat characteristics may be important in determining lake phytoplankton community composition, even in the presence of substantial cell import. 4. The multi-lake study also showed a negative relationship between TWRT and similarities in phytoplankton community composition between inlets and lakes. Moreover, similarity in community structure was related to both cell import rates from inlet to lake and differences in habitat characteristics between inlet and lake. However, the variable most strongly correlated with community structure was TOC, indicating that species sorting rather than a mass effect was the most important mechanism underlying the correlation between community structure and retention time. 5. Overall, our data suggest that local habitat characteristics may play a key role in determining community similarity in this set of lakes covering a large range of habitat connectedness. Due to the strong co-variations between cell dispersal and TOC, it was hard to unequivocally disentangle the different mechanisms; hence, there is a need for further studies of the role of dispersal for phytoplankton community structures
16.	Bergström, Carl Fredrik, 1965-, et al. (author) Governance and the EU Securities Sector : New Modes of Governance Project Final Report 2006 Reports (other academic/artistic)
17.	Bergström, Dan, et al. (author) Effects of boom-corridor thinning on harvester productivity and residual stand structure 2022 In: International Journal of Forest Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1494-2119 .- 1913-2220. ; 33, s. 226-242 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Biomass derived from small-diameter, dense, thinning stands is largely underutilized within the European Union, mainly because of in-effective harvesting methods and cutting technology, leading to high supply costs. Therefore, the efficacy of boom-corridor thinning (BCT) and selective thinning (ST) on harvester felling and bunching productivity was compared for the first thinning of whole tree biomass in small-diameter, dense stands. BCT working method is when trees are cut with linear movements of the harvester's boom reach, along narrow corridors, instead of cutting each tree selectively (ST). Trials were performed in six forest stands, one in Sweden, two in Finland, and three in Slovenia, using the same harvester and operator. A time-and-motion study was carried out in 64 pre-marked study units (32 replications per method), across a variety of stand conditions. The biomass removal for both treatments averaged 40.2 dry t ha -1 and BCT productivity averaged 5.4 dry t PMh -1. For BCT, harvester work time consumption (sec tree -1) and productivity (dry t PMh -1) were on average 27% lower and 16% higher, respectively, compared with ST. The effectiveness of the accumulating felling head technology used could potentially be increased by implementing a feed-roller system when handling excessive tree lengths. Developing dedicated harvesting technology for BCT could further boost productivity, facilitating cost-effective and sustainable utilization of low-value small-diameter tree biomass and replacing fossil resources.
18.	Bergström, Erik, 1976-, et al. (author) Certifications in Higher Education - Friend or Foe? 2014 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the uncritical approach among teachers and students of how certifications are used and applied within higher education. This paper offers a clearer image of how to use certification in a learning environment that support student learning and further developing the academia as a learning organisation. In the last decade universities worldwide has started to adopt certifications offered by multinational corporations, such as Cisco and Microsoft. For example, Cisco’s curriculum is taught in over 10.000 academies such as universities to more than 1.000.000 students currently, which reveals the huge influences those certifications have for the organisation of courses and examination of academic skills. Academy and industry needs to collaborate to offer students relevant tools and knowledge, but the lack of uncritical views based on scientific values and proven experience challenges teachers to explicit what knowledge have to be taught within academia to reach further academic goals. The methods used are initially a literature study to identify positive aspects and challenges with integrated certifications. Based on these results, we have performed interviews with students, teachers and certified instructors with different backgrounds. Literature describing information and communications technology (ICT) certifications mainly refer to positive aspects such as meeting job market needs, standardisation of courses, and decreased time for course development. Challenges identified raise several questions and call for further investigation. Among challenges identified were companies practically deciding examination criteria, student’s recall learnt material rather than understanding concepts, and the usage of non-academic material. Interviews reveal that students are aware of many challenges, but still the benefits of achieving a certification outweighs. For instance, students rather accept a course with out-dated material and company decided examination criteria that result in a certification than taking a course based on research and examinations that foster creativity through reflection, analysing skills with no certification. From a teacher and instructor perspective, the interviews reveal that there is awareness about the challenges of using certifications in higher education. One of the pedagogical issues we would like to present is how to create a learning environment with embedded certification in a course rather than basing courses on certifications alone. This paper also open up for a discussion on how these results affect other areas than the ICT domain, but also on how the challenges can be tackled from a higher education perspective that rethink the academia as a learning organisation.
19.	Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al. (author) Low socioeconomic status of a patient's residential area is associated with worse prognosis after acute myocardial infarction in Sweden. 2015 In: International journal of cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-1754 .- 0167-5273. ; 182, s. 141-147 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Previous studies have established a relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and survival in coronary heart disease. Acute cardiac care in Sweden is considered to be excellent and independent of SES. We studied the influence of area-level socioeconomic status on mortality after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between 1995 and 2013 in the Gothenburg metropolitan area, which has little over 800,000 inhabitants and includes three city hospitals.
20.	Bergström, Helena, 1971-, et al. (author) Child sexual abuse at preschools - a research review of a complex issue for preschool professionals 2016 In: Early Child Development and Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0300-4430 .- 1476-8275. ; 186:9, s. 1520-1528 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract The objective of this research review is to synthesize research published between 2000 and 2015 regarding child sexual abuse, preschool and preschool teachers. The review identifies themes relevant for the preschool teacher profession: child sexual abuse at preschools, suspicions and consequences for the preschool sector, preventing techniques and the preschool teacher as a safeguarder. Furthermore, important types of tensions in efforts to safeguard against child sexual abuse are identified: the importance of listening to children and avoiding false allegations, the preschool teacher as a safeguarder and a potential abuser, and the importance of preventing child sexual abuse and providing qualitative care of children. Implications for the profession, the education of preschool teachers and the need for more research are addressed.
21.	Bergström, Helena, et al. (author) Förebygga och hantera sexuella övergrepp i och utanför förskolan : Utvärdering av förskollärarutbildningen vid Stockholms universitet 2019 Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)
22.	Bergström, Helena, et al. (author) Swedish media discourses about child sexual abuse in preschools : the best interest of the child and continued trust in male teachers 2020 In: Early Child Development and Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0300-4430 .- 1476-8275. ; 190:12, s. 1878-1886 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The framing of news promotes certain interpretations. The representation of a problem in public media thereby affects the idea of what to do about that problem. This article analyses discourses about child sexual abuse (CSA) in preschools, occurring in Swedish printed media 2014–2015, and interprets the effects that the discourses may have on the social practices. ‘The discourse of the best interest of the child and preschool as a good place’ and ‘the discourse of equality as an ideal’ dominate the material, although narratives describe CSA. Solutions to limiting CSA are discussed only rarely.
23.	Bergström-Isacsson, Märith, et al. (author) How facial expressions in a Rett syndrome population are recognised and interpreted by those around them as conveying emotions 2013 In: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 34:2, s. 788-794 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, including autonomic nervous system dysfunctions and severe communication impairment with an extremely limited ability to use verbal language. These individuals are therefore dependent on the capacity of caregivers to observe and interpret communicative signals, including emotional expressions. People in general, including therapists tend to focus on changes in facial expressions to interpret a person's emotional state or choices, but with this population it is difficult to know if the interpretations are correct. The aims of this study were to investigate if the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) could be used to identify facial expressions, and differentiate between those that expressed emotions and those that were elicited by abnormal brainstem activation in RTT. The sample comprised 29 participants with RTT and 11 children with a normal developmental pattern, exposed to six different musical stimuli during non-invasive registration of autonomic brainstem functions. The results indicate that FACS makes it possible both to identify facial expressions and to differentiate between those that stem from emotions and those caused by abnormal brainstem activation. This knowledge may be a great help to an uninitiated observer, who otherwise might incorrectly interpret the latter as an expression of emotion.
24.	Bergström-Isacsson, Märith, et al. (author) Neurophysiological responses to music and vibroacoustic stimuli in Rett syndrome 2014 In: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 35:6, s. 1281-1291 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract People with Rett syndrome (RTT) have severe communicative difficulties. They have as well an immature brainstem that implies dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. Music plays an important role in their life, is often used as a motivating tool in a variety of situations and activities, and caregivers are often clear about people with RTTs favourites. The aim of this study was to investigate physiological and emotional responses related to six different musical stimuli in people with RTT. The study included 29 participants with RTT who were referred to the Swedish Rett Center for medical brainstem assessment during the period 2006-2007. 11 children with a typical developmental pattern were used as comparison. A repeated measures design was used, and physiological data were collected from a neurophysiological brainstem assessment. The continuous dependent variables measured were Cardiac Vagal Tone (CVT), Cardiac Sensitivity to Baroreflex (CSB), Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MAP) and the Coefficient of Variation of Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MAP-CV). These parameters were used to categorise brainstem responses as parasympathetic (calming) response, sympathetic (activating) response, arousal (alerting) response and unclear response. The results showed that all participants responded to the musical stimuli, but not always in the expected way. It was noticeable that both people with and without RTT responded with an arousal to all musical stimuli to begin with. Even though the initial expressions sometimes changed after some time due to poor control functions of their brainstem, the present results are consistent with the possibility that the RTT participants' normal responses to music are intact. These findings may explain why music is so important for individuals with KIT throughout life.
25.	Bergström, Johan, et al. (author) A Complexity Framework for Studying Disaster Response Management 2016 In: Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. - : Wiley. - 1468-5973 .- 0966-0879. ; 24:3, s. 124-135 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Guided by complexity theory, in this article, we argue that a complex understanding of disaster response management can be achieved by making multiple, transparent and modest interpretations. We suggest an analytical framework in which multiple system interpretations are constructed, all based on explicit analytical choices according to three aspects: (1) system dimension, (2) system scope and (3) system resolution. We apply the framework to a major Swedish forest fire and conclude that direction and coordination as system properties, emerging at a macro level, are the result of interplay between various patterns of influences. These patterns, we argue, can be constructed and analysed through a complexity framework allowing for the construction, and contrasting, of multiple system interpretations.
26.	Bergström, Jan, 1976-, et al. (author) Internet-versus group-administered cognitive behaviour therapy for panic disorder in a psychiatric setting : a randomised trial 2010 In: BMC Psychiatry. - : BioMed Central Ltd. - 1471-244X. ; 10:54 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Internet administered cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a promising new way to deliver psychological treatment, but its effectiveness in regular care settings and in relation to more traditional CBT group treatment has not yet been determined. The primary aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Internetand group administered CBT for panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia) in a randomised trial within a regular psychiatric care setting. The second aim of the study was to establish the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. Methods: Patients referred for treatment by their physician, or self-referred, were telephone-screened by a psychiatric nurse. Patients fulfilling screening criteria underwent an in-person structured clinical interview carried out by a psychiatrist. A total of 113 consecutive patients were then randomly assigned to 10 weeks of either guided Internet delivered CBT (n = 53) or group CBT (n = 60). After treatment, and at a 6-month follow-up, patients were again assessed by the psychiatrist, blind to treatment condition. Results: Immediately after randomization 9 patients dropped out, leaving 104 patients who started treatment. Patients in both treatment conditions showed significant improvement on the main outcome measure, the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) after treatment. For the Internet treatment the within-group effect size (pre-post) on the PDSS was Cohen's d = 1.73, and for the group treatment it was d = 1.63. Between group effect sizes were low and treatment effects were maintained at 6-months follow-up. We found no statistically significant differences between the two treatment conditions using a mixed models approach to account for missing data. Group CBT utilised considerably more therapist time than did Internet CBT. Defining effect as proportion of PDSS responders, the cost-effectiveness analysis concerning therapist time showed that Internet treatment had superior cost-effectiveness ratios in relation to group treatment both at post-treatment and follow-up. Conclusions: This study provides support for the effectiveness of Internet CBT in a psychiatric setting for patients with panic disorder, and suggests that it is equally effective as the more widely used group administered CBT in reducing panic-and agoraphobic symptoms, as well as being more cost effective with respect to therapist time.
27.	Bergström, Lena, et al. (author) Interim Report of the ICES/HELCOM Working Group on Integrated Assessments of the Baltic Sea (WGIAB) : 18-22 April 2016 Helsinki, Finland 2016 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract The ICES/HELCOM Working Group on Integrated Assessments of the Baltic Sea (WGIAB) meeting was held in Helsinki (Finland), 18-22 April 2016. The meeting was attended by 26 participants from five countries and chaired by Laura Uusitalo, Fin-land, Saskia Otto, Germany, Martin Lindegren, Denmark, and Lena Bergström, Swe-den. This was the first year of the new three-year Terms of Reference (ToR) for WGIAB. The main working activities in 2016 were to A) develop the trait-based ap-proach of understanding the ecosystem function, and B) explore the social-ecological system, including indicator development, revising the conceptual model, and devel-oping case studies. As a primary outcome of the ToR A, we built on our previous work on integrated ecosystem assessments (IEAs) in the Baltic Sea, but extended it beyond considering changes in abundances of a few dominant species, to accounting for community-wide changes in a number of key traits across multiple trophic levels. These traits represent various ecosystem functions upon which we derive important ecosystem services. By investigating temporal changes in the community weighted mean traits of phyto-plankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos, and fish, we demonstrated whether trait reor-ganizations at the level of entire communities occurred in the Central Baltic Sea as a result of the 1980s regime shift. Using in total 29 traits combined for all groups we found indications of two breakpoints across all four taxonomic groups over the last decades, i.e. one around 1990 and one around 2000. Further work will focus on ex-ploring the nature of the changes in trait composition and on standardizing the num-ber of traits and data types (i.e. binary, continuous or categorical) across taxonomic group.In addition, we collected data on key functional groups and abiotic variables in all main sub-basins of the Baltic Sea, setting the stage for a cross-regional comparison of temporal patterns and trends in lower trophic level in the face of recent develop-ments in climate-related drivers.With reference to Tor B, to explore how social indicators could be used in parallel with biological indicators in an integrated assessment framework, we developed a conceptual model of interrelationships between ecosystem and society. We used the model as a basis for mapping factors to be accounted for in the ecosystem-based management using the Baltic salmon and clupeid species as case studies. The models depict 1) the structure of the foodweb relevant to the target species, 2) the key com-munity level and population traits that contribute to the state of the species, 3) main pressures affecting the foodweb and their effects on the species, 4) key management measures, and 5) benefits that the species can produce for society.To support the development of Ecosystem Overview the group members evaluated the probability of occurrence and the magnitude of the effect of 15 pressures occur-ring in the Baltic Sea. The top five pressures identified were input of nutrients, in-creased temperature, decreased salinity, input of hazardous substances, and input or spread of non-indigenous species.The work will continue intersessionally and the next meeting of WGIAB is planned to be held in Lisbon, Portugal, back-to-back with WGCOMEDA and WGEAWESS.
28.	Bergström, Lars, et al. (author) Investigating gamma ray lines from dark matter with future observatories 2012 In: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :11, s. 025- Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We study the prospects for studying line features in gamma-ray spectra with upcoming gamma-ray experiments, such as HESS-II, the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), and the GAMMA-400 satellite. As an example we use the narrow feature at 130 GeV seen in public data from the Fermi-LAT satellite. We found that all three experiments should be able to confidently confirm or rule out the presence of this 130 GeV feature. If it is real, it should be confirmed with a confidence level higher than 5 sigma. Assuming it to be a spectral signature of dark matter origin, GAMMA-400, thanks to a projected energy resolution of about 1.5 % at 100 GeV, should also be able to resolve both the gamma gamma line and a corresponding Z gamma or H gamma feature, if the corresponding branching ratio is comparable to that into two photons. It will also allow to distinguish between a gamma-ray line and the similar feature resulting from internal bremsstrahlung photons.
29.	Bergström, Lena, et al. (author) Report of the ICES/HELCOM Working Group on Integrated Assessments of the Baltic Sea (WGIAB) 2015 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract The ICES/HELCOM Working Group on Integrated Assessments of the Baltic Sea(WGIAB) was established in 2007 as a forum for developing and combining ecosystembasedmanagement efforts for the Baltic Sea. The group intends to serve as a scientificcounterpart and support for the ICES Baltic Fisheries Assessment Working Group(WGBFAS) as well as for efforts and projects related to Integrated Ecosystem Assessments(IEA) within ICES and HELCOM. The group works in cooperation with similargroups within the ACOM/SCICOM Steering Group on Integrated Ecosystem Assessments(SSGIEA).The 2015 WGIAB meeting was held in Cádiz, Spain, from 9–13 March, back-to-backwith the meeting of its counterpart in the Working Group on Ecosystem Assessmentof Western European Shelf Seas (WGEAWESS). The meetings had joint sessions as wellas WG specific work, and some participants effectively participated in both meetings.The WGIAB meeting was attended by 27 participants from nine countries. The meetingwas chaired by Christian Möllmann, Germany, Laura Uusitalo, Finland and Lena Bergström,Sweden.This was the last year of the ongoing three-year Terms of Reference (ToR) for WGIAB.The main working activities in 2015 were to i) conduct studies on Baltic Sea ecosystemfunctioning with the goal to publish case studies from different parts of the Baltic Seain peer-reviewed journals, ii) work on the demonstration exercise to develop ecosystem-based assessment and advice for Baltic fish stocks focusing on cod (DEMO) withmultiple approaches, iii) plan further how to integrate the social and economic aspectsmore tightly in the WGIAB work, and iv) discuss the future focus and format of theWGIAB work.The Baltic ecosystem functioning activity focused on identifying and exploring keytrends and linkages in the Baltic Sea foodweb. This was pursued by presentation andfurther discussion of ongoing intersessional work on foodweb modelling and integratedanalyses, and by exercises to develop conceptual models Baltic Sea foodwebsand the links to ecosystem function. Long-term monitoring datasets on the abiotic andbiotic parts of the Baltic Sea Proper ecosystem were updated for use in the continuedwork to develop environmental indicators for fisheries and marine management.The focus of the DEMO 3 (DEMOnstration exercise for Integrated Ecosystem Assessmentand Advice of Baltic Sea cod) was on finding a way to use the results from theDEMO1 and DEMO2 workshops in short and midterm projections/scenarios of Balticcod dynamics based on different types of modelling, as well as designing methodologyand modelling data for practical implementation of Integrated Advice for Baltic cod.The WGIAB was positively inclined towards including social and economic aspectsinto the integrated assessment. Openings to this path were provided by presentationon ongoing project work, and discussing their linkages to ecological aspects. It wasseen as crucial that experts on social and economic analysis should be included andtake an active part in the future work of the group.The group concluded that its upcoming work should focus more closely on functionaldiversity, which was identified as a recurring issue in the Baltic Sea. This approach wasalso identified as a useful connection point between scientific and management aspectsin order for the group to continue serving as a forum for developing ecosystem-basedmanagement efforts in the Baltic Sea. A focus on functional diversity was also seen as2 \| ICES WGIAB REPORT 2015a potentially feasible way of bringing together management aspects for different sectors,by linking to ecosystem services concepts.The group proposed Saskia Otto, Germany and Martin Lindegren, Denmark as newincoming Chairs, together with Lena Bergström, Sweden and Laura Uusitalo, Finland.Having four Chairs is justified due to the wide scope of the group's work, as well asthe increased work load due to the planned new foci.
30.	Bergström, Mattias, et al. (author) Assessment of team based innovation in a Product Service System development process 2011 In: Research into Design. - Bangalore, India : Research Publishing Services. - 9789810877217 ; , s. 711-718 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Innovation is often measured based on how the product performs on the market. This makes it difficult to measure the performance of a team since the time to develop a product may take several years. In this paper we show the importance of creating a common ground and facilitation in a team, two aspects that is not easy measure, but should be assessed. We also discuss innovation on three interrelated organizational levels, the operational, which is the development team and in focus in this paper, the managerial and the strategic level. We found that companies need indicators to measure and/or assess performance on all three levels and thatmore research is needed to find the inter-links between the levels to prescribe measures and assessment points.
31.	Bergström, Martin (creator_code:cre_t) Behandlingsfamiljer för ungdomar med allvarliga beteendeproblem - Treatment Foster Care Oregon 2018 Reports (other academic/artistic)
32.	Bergström, Martin, et al. (author) Behandlingsfamiljer för ungdomar med allvarliga beteendeproblem – Treatment Foster Care Oregon. En systematisk översikt och utvärdering inklusive ekonomiska och etiska aspekter 2018 Book (other academic/artistic)abstract Varje år placeras ungefär 2 000 ungdomar på institution på grund av allvarliga beteendeproblem. Ungdomarna placeras då antingen på särskilda ungdomshem eller på kommunala eller privata Hem för vård eller boende (HVB). En alternativ placering för dessa ungdomar är i en så kallad behandlingsfamilj. Det är en tidsbegränsad insats där utbildade familjehemsföräldrar tillsammans med ett team bedriver behandling. En version av behandlingsfamilj är Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO). TFCO finns i begränsad omfattning i Sverige sedan början av 2000-talet. Slutsatser När ungdomar med allvarliga beteendeproblem placeras i TFCO, leder detta troligtvis till mindre fortsatt kriminalitet och färre placeringar på låst avdelning än när ungdomarna placeras på institution. Det är också möjligt att TFCO leder till färre kriminella kamrater, mindre användning av narkotika och bättre psykisk hälsa, än vid placering på institution. TFCO kostar i genomsnitt mindre än placering på särskilda ungdomshem och något mer än på HVB, om man räknar med att vårdtiderna är desamma. Väger man in antaganden om långsiktiga effekter är TFCO kostnadsbesparande för samhället jämfört med placering på särskilda ungdomshem eller HVB. Idag får cirka 30–40 ungdomar i Sverige årligen tillgång till TFCO. Om fler ska få tillgång måste fler behandlingsteam inrättas, vilket kortsiktigt medför kostnader för utbildning och certifiering. behandlingsfamiljer för ungdomar med allvarliga beteendeproblem – treatment foster care oregon Alternativet till behandlingsfamiljer är institutionsvård som ofta kompletteras med olika behandlingsmetoder. Kunskapen om metodernas nytta och risker är bristfällig eftersom det saknas studier. Ur ett etiskt perspektiv är det angeläget att få tillförlitlig kunskap om för- och nackdelar med de övriga kompletterande behandlingar som används.
33.	Bergström, Martin (creator_code:cre_t) Insatser för bättre psykisk och fysisk hälsa hos familjehemsplacerade barn 2017 Reports (other academic/artistic)
34.	Bergström, Martin, et al. (author) Insatser för bättre psykisk och fysisk hälsa hos familjehemsplacerade barn: En systematisk litteraturöversikt och utvärdering av ekonomiska, samhälleliga och etiska aspekter. 2017 Book (other academic/artistic)abstract Barn i utsatta situationer kan under kortare eller längre perioder behöva place- ras i en annan familj. Bland barn som växer upp i familjehem är det vanligare med psykisk och fysisk ohälsa. Det är därför viktigt att veta om stödinsatser till barn och familjehemsföräldrar kan hjälpa barnen. Slutsatser X Insatser till familjehemsplacerade barn och familjehemsföräldrar kan för- bättra barnens psykiska och fysiska hälsa, sociala situation, livskvalitet samt placeringars stabilitet. På grund av olikheter mellan insatserna och studier- nas vetenskapliga utformning går det inte att avgöra vilka insatser eller vilka delar av insatserna som är verksamma. X För följande tre specifika insatser finns något säkrare kunskap om effekter: • Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up är en utbildning för familje- hemsföräldrar som kan minska vissa psykiska symtom hos barnen • Föräldradelen av programmet Incredible Years kan minska barns beteendeproblem och öka familjehemsföräldrars förmåga att klara föräldrarollen • Take Charge är en specialpedagogisk insats till ungdomar som kan förbättra deras självbestämmande, utbildningsgång och möjligheter till arbete. X Ingen av de insatser som används i Sverige har utvärderats i en studie. I Sverige läggs tonvikten på att utreda familjers lämplighet och att utbilda dem. Att erbjuda stödinsatser till barn eller familjehemsföräldrar under barnens placering är mindre vanligt. Personer som har växt upp i familje- hem, deras föräldrar och familjehemsföräldrar efterlyser stöd till barn och familjehem under placeringen. X Det behövs forskning som undersöker effekten av insatser inom familje- hemsvård. Samtliga insatser som identifierades i litteraturöversikten bör rimligtvis kunna användas i Sverige men deras effekter behöver följas upp och utvärderas i en svensk kontext. De insatser som redan förekommer i Sverige behöver också utvärderas och undersökas vetenskapligt. Det behövs även studier som belyser kostnadseffektivitet i insatser för svenska förhållanden. Bakgrund och syfte Mellan 3 och 4 procent av alla barn i Sverige placeras någon gång i ett familje- hem eller på en institution. Under sitt liv har dessa barn en förhöjd risk för suicid, psykisk och fysisk ohälsa, missbruk, kriminalitet och behov av långvarigt försörjningsstöd. Syftet med denna rapport är att granska och sammanställa det vetenskapliga underlaget för stödinsatser till barn i familjehem och till familje- hemsföräldrar för att minska dessa risker. Metod Den systematiska utvärderingen genomfördes i enlighet med SBU:s metodik. Studierna skulle behandla insatser som utvärderats i kontrollerade studier med hög eller medelhög studiekvalitet. Studierna skulle vara publicerade mellan åren 1990 och 2017 och inkludera minst 40 personer. Uppföljningstiden skulle vara minst tre månader för barn två år eller äldre, och minst en månad för barn yngre än två år. Studier uteslöts om jämförelsegruppen utgjordes av grupp- boende eller om den till stor del bestod av barn som var placerade i släkting- hem. Den systematiska utvärderingen inkluderar även ekonomiska aspekter, en inventering av vilka insatser som används i Sverige, erfarenheter från brukar- organisationer samt en etisk analys. Resultat Effekter av insatser Sammanlagt granskades 5 298 artikelsammanfattningar. Relevans- och kvali- tetsgranskningen identifierade 23 studier av 18 insatser som motsvarade våra kriterier. Sammantaget visar de 23 studierna att det går att påverka familje- hemsplacerade barns psykiska och fysiska hälsa, sociala situation, livskvalitet samt placeringars stabilitet. På grund av olikheter mellan insatserna och studier- nas vetenskapliga utformning ger resultaten inte entydiga svar på vilka insatser eller vilka delar av insatserna som är verksamma. För tre av insatserna finns ett begränsat vetenskapligt stöd för att de har effekt: Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up kan förbättra barns psykiska hälsa (t.ex. minskad stress); Take Charge kan förbättra barns förmåga till självbestäm- mande samt sociala situation (t.ex. fullföljd utbildning) och Incredible Years kan öka familjehemsföräldrars förmåga att klara föräldrarollen och minska barnens beteendeproblem. Effekterna av de övriga 15 insatserna går inte att bedöma eftersom de endast utvärderats i en studie vardera. Det saknas helt studier som belyser barns tandhälsa och förebyggande av ton- årsgraviditeter. Det saknas också studier av eventuella skadliga eller oönskade effekter av insatserna. Praxisundersökning En enkät skickades ut till ett slumpvis urval kommuner (svar från 80 av 106) och samtliga enskilda företag som arbetar på kommuners uppdrag (svar från 34 av 38). Enkäten identifierade 30 insatser. Ingen av insatserna återfinns i littera- turöversikten. Det framkom bland annat att insatserna fokuserar på bedömning av lämplighet av familjehemsföräldrar och på allmän utbildning av dem före barnen placeras. Det var mindre vanligt med stöd till barn eller familjehems- föräldrar under placeringen. Att döma av de insatser som används saknas kon- sensus om vilka insatser som uppfattas som effektiva. Kostnadseffektivitet Totalt granskades 2 120 artikelsammanfattningar. Två relevanta artiklar hittades men ingen uppfyllde SBU:s krav på kvalitet i den ekonomiska utvärderingen. Studiernas resultat går inte att överföra till svenska förhållanden. Brukar- och anhörigperspektiv Fyra organisationer som företräder barn med erfarenhet av familjehemsvård, deras föräldrar samt familjehemsföräldrar besvarade enkäter eller intervjuades. De efterlyser mer stöd utöver själva placeringen. Dessutom önskar familjehems- föräldrar bättre kunskap om barnets behov vid placeringen och ursprungsför- äldrarna efterlyser stöd för att få vara delaktiga i sina barns liv. sammanfattning och slutsatser 9 insatser för bättre psykisk och fysisk hälsa hos familjehemsplacerade barn Etiska och sociala aspekter När samhället övertar ansvaret för barns vårdnad så finns en särskild skyldighet att tillgodose barnens bästa. Att samhället inte alltid tagit sitt ansvar visar bland annat den så kallade Vanvårdsutredningen (SOU 2011:61). Ett problem är bristen på vetenskaplig kunskap om insatsers för- och nackdelar vilket äventyrar barns rättigheter. Ett annat problem är bristande dokumentation och uppfölj- ning av de insatser som används. Diskussion Vi bedömer att insatserna från litteraturöversikten kan användas i svensk familjehemsvård med överförbara resultat för barnen. Om beslut fattas att införa nya insatser bör man vara uppmärksam på att många kommuner är små med få placerade barn, vilket kan skapa problem med att upprätthålla tillräcklig kompetens. De som arbetar i familjehemsvården är många gånger ovana vid den systematik som insatserna kräver. Även med ökad tillgång på vetenskaplig kunskap om insatsers effekter behövs rutiner för att på ett ordnat sätt införa, vidmakthålla och utmönstra insatser inom familjehemsvården. Detta kan ske genom lokal uppföljning där både positiva och negativa effekter följs upp syste- matiskt och dokumenteras. I förlängningen ger det möjlighet till uppbyggnad av kvalitetsregister. Framtida forskning bör inriktas på att undersöka nyttan av de insatser som används idag eller som kan komma att införas.
35.	Bergström, Martin, et al. (author) Interventions in Foster Family Care: A Systematic Review 2020 In: Research on social work practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1049-7315 .- 1552-7581. ; 30:1, s. 3-18 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective: Foster family care is associated with adverse short- and long-term consequences for the child. A systematic review was conducted on interventions for foster children and foster careers. Method: A comprehensive search process was used to find eligible interventions evaluated in randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies. The quality of studies was assessed with GRADE, and effects were synthesized using meta-analytic methods. Results: In all, 28 publications of 18 interventions, including 5,357 children, were identified. Only three specific interventions had sufficient confidence of evidence. No study had examined tools for foster parent selection nor had evaluated preservice programs related to outcomes. Discussion: These analyses provide new insights and hope into the field of systematic interventions in foster care. The overall results indicate that it is possible to improve eight outcomes but cannot point out which programs are superior. Ethically, social care organizations should systematically collect knowledge about effects and side effects.
36.	Bergström, Martin, et al. (author) Interventions to improve foster children’s mental and physical health: A systematic review and assessment of the economic, social and ethical aspects. Executive summary. 2017 Reports (other academic/artistic)
37.	Bergström, Martin, et al. (author) Treatment Foster Care Oregon for seriously delinquent adolescents: A systematic review and assessment including economic and ethical aspects 2018 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Approximately 2,000 adolescents are annually placed in residential care in Sweden due to their behavior problems. Those adolescents also have substantially increased risks of mental and physiological problems at time of care entry, while in care and in adulthood. An alternative to residential care is Treatment Foster Care Oregon, TFCO (previously called Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care). TFCO has been available in Sweden since the beginning of the 2000s. This report reviews and synthesizes the evidence regarding TFCO for seriously delinquent adolescents.
38.	Bergström, Sture, et al. (author) Stressing legal decisions of a tax law perspective 2005 In: Values, rights and duties in legal and philosophical discourse. International association for the philosophy of law and social philosophy. World congress (21: 2003: Lund). - 3428116852 Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
39.	Bergström, Ulrika, et al. (author) Drug targeting to the brain: Transfer of picolinic acid along the olfactory pathways 2002 In: J Drug Target. ; 10, s. 469- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
40.	Bobbio, Emanuele, et al. (author) Incidental cardiac findings on somatostatin receptor PET/CT: What do they indicate and are they of clinical relevance? 2022 In: Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-6551. ; 29:3, s. 1159-1165 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We present the case of a 47-year-old man with a history of recurrent episodes of frontal headache, fever, and chest discomfort as well as longstanding, difficult to treat arterial hypertension. Clinical work-up revealed the unexpected finding of an underlying pheochromocytoma as well as recent "silent" myocardial infarction. Our case highlights the importance of paying attention to incidental cardiac findings on somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography/computed tomography, as routinely performed in patients with clinically suspected neuroendocrine tumors. These incidental cardiac findings cannot only indicate a primary or secondary (metastatic) neuroendocrine tumor, but also areas of myocardial inflammation, as somatostatin receptors cannot only be found on the majority of neuroendocrine tumors, but also among other tissues on the surface of activated macrophages and lymphocytes. The detection of myocardial inflammation is of clinical importance and its underlying etiology should be evaluated to prompt eventual necessary treatment, as it is a potential driving force for cardiac remodeling and poor prognosis.
41.	Braunerhjelm, Pontus, 1953-, et al. (author) Entreprenörskap och innovation för hållbar utveckling 2009 Book (other academic/artistic)
42.	Bunikis, Ignas, 1981-, et al. (author) An RND-type efflux system in Borrelia burgdorferi is involved in virulence and resistance to antimicrobial compounds 2008 In: PLoS Pathogenicity. - 1553-7374. ; 4:2, s. e1000009- Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Borrelia burgdorferi is remarkable for its ability to thrive in widely different environments due to its ability to infect various organisms. In comparison to enteric Gram-negative bacteria, these spirochetes have only a few transmembrane proteins some of which are thought to play a role in solute and nutrient uptake and excretion of toxic substances. Here, we have identified an outer membrane protein, BesC, which is part of a putative export system comprising the components BesA, BesB and BesC. We show that BesC, a TolC homolog, forms channels in planar lipid bilayers and is involved in antibiotic resistance. A besC knockout was unable to establish infection in mice, signifying the importance of this outer membrane channel in the mammalian host. The biophysical properties of BesC could be explained by a model based on the channel-tunnel structure. We have also generated a structural model of the efflux apparatus showing the putative spatial orientation of BesC with respect to the AcrAB homologs BesAB. We believe that our findings will be helpful in unraveling the pathogenic mechanisms of borreliae as well as in developing novel therapeutic agents aiming to block the function of this secretion apparatus.
43.	Edlund, Björn, et al. (author) A Method of Finding HCT Roundwood Corridors for Reduction of GHG Emissions and Fuel Costs in Sweden 2020 In: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 11 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background and Objectives: in Sweden during 2016, 71.6 million metric tonnes (t) of forest biomass (roundwood and forest fuels) were transported by truck, corresponding to approximately 15% of all national goods truck transport. To reduce the environmental impact of forest product transports and meet Swedish climate goals, the use of 90 t high-capacity transport (HCT) trucks on well-chosen routes has been identified as one potential measure. The objective was, therefore, to develop a method of finding the geographical occurrence of potential roundwood HCT corridors for 90 t trucks, as well as estimating their environmental and economic potential in comparison to the conventional 74 t-truck transport system for Swedish conditions. Materials and Methods: the study used data from actual roundwood transports during 2016 along with a digitalization of the Swedish road network (National Road Database, SNVDB) for corridor identification. In four steps we: 1) identified supportive networks, 2) identified flow supporting corridors on the technically supportive networks, 3) applied a calibrated route finder (CRF) to route relevant transports both directly from the landing to the receiver and via the corridor, gathering drive distance information and, for example, 4) analyzed transports fuel consumption and potential CO2 savings. Results: Results showed there was annual potential for 25 HCT corridors throughout Sweden to employ 20 90 t trucks to transport 2.5 Mt of roundwood, reducing up to 5500 t of CO2 and euro3.1 M in fuel costs. Conclusions: the study reinforces previous studies' findings concerning economic and environmental potential using HCT vehicles and identifies terminal establishment and management costs as a bottleneck in successful large-scale implementation of HCT corridors.
44.	Edlund, Charlotta, et al. (author) The clinical and microbiological efficacy of temocillin versus cefotaxime in adults with febrile urinary tract infection, and its effects on the intestinal microbiota : a randomised multicentre clinical trial in Sweden 2022 In: The Lancet - Infectious diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1473-3099 .- 1474-4457. ; 22:3, s. 390-400 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: Use of third-generation cephalosporins, such as cefotaxime, is associated with an increased risk of selection for antimicrobial resistance, so alternative antibiotics need to be considered. The aim of the present study was to evaluate intestinal colonisation with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant pathogens following use of temocillin-an alternative antibiotic to cefotaxime that is potentially less prone to disturbing the intestinal microbiota-in empirical treatment of febrile urinary tract infection (UTI).METHODS: We did a randomised, multicentre, superiority, open-label phase 4 trial in patients who had been admitted to inpatient care in 12 Swedish hospitals with suspected or diagnosed febrile UTI (complicated or uncomplicated). To meet inclusion criteria, a patient was required to have at least one sign or symptom of pyelonephritis (ie, flank pain; costovertebral angle tenderness; and changes to urinary frequency or urgency or dysuria), a fever of 38·0°C or higher, and a positive urine dipstick (for nitrites, white blood cells, or both). Participants were also required to have an indication for intravenous antibiotic treatment. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either 2 g temocillin or 1-2 g cefotaxime, by local investigators opening consecutive sealed randomisation envelopes that were generated centrally in advance. Both drugs were administered intravenously every 8 h. The trial was open label for investigators and patients, but those doing the microbiological analyses were masked to the groups. Participants were treated with antibiotics for 7-10 days (or up to 14 days if they had bacteraemia), at least 3 days of which were on the study drug; at day 4 and later, participants who were showing improvement could be given an oral antibiotic (ciprofloxacin, ceftibuten, cefixime, or co-trimoxazole). Patients not showing improvement were regarded as having treatment failures. Rectal swabs were collected at three timepoints: at baseline (before the first dose), after the last dose of study drug, and 7-10 days after treatment stopped. The composite primary outcome was colonisation with Enterobacterales with reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins, or colonisation with toxin-producing Clostridioides difficile, or both, to evaluate disturbance of the intestinal microbiota. The study is registered in the EU Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT 2015-003898-15).FINDINGS: Between May 20, 2016, and July 31, 2019, 207 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 55 patients were excluded. 152 participants were randomly assigned to groups: 77 (51%) patients received temocillin, 75 (49%) patients received cefotaxime. The composite primary endpoint was met by 18 (26%) of 68 participants receiving temocillin versus 30 (48%) of 62 patients receiving cefotaxime (risk difference -22% [95% CI -42% to -3%]), showing superiority of temocillin versus cefotaxime (ie, less disturbance of the intestinal microbiota). 43 adverse events were reported in 40 (52%) of 77 patients in the temocillin group, versus 46 adverse events in 34 (45%) of 75 patients in the cefotaxime group. Most events were of mild to moderate severity. 21 (27%) patients in the temocillin and 17 (23%) patients in the cefotaxime group had an adverse event that was considered to be associated with the study drug.INTERPRETATION: Temocillin was found to be less selective than cefotaxime of Enterobacterales with reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins, and it could therefore be a favourable alternative in the empirical treatment of febrile UTI. Use of this antibiotic could reduce hospital transmission and health-care-associated infections by these pathogens.
45.	Eidevald, Christian, et al. (author) Maneuvering suspicions of being a potential pedophile : experiences of male ECEC-workers in Sweden 2018 In: European Early Childhood Education Research Journal. - 1350-293X .- 1752-1807. ; 26:3, s. 407-417 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Previous research has described a discourse where men working within Early Childhood Education and Care are viewed as potential pedophiles. The aim of this study is to describe and analyze how men, working in Swedish preschools, position themselves in relation to this pedophile discourse. Twenty-five men were interviewed about their work-experiences and the result shows two dominating positions: (1) giving up or (2) maneuvering the pedophile discourse. The discourse is maneuvered by: avoiding certain tasks, do the tasks but in ways that minimize suspicion or do the tasks without acknowledging the personal risk, as the tasks are required in their professional role. Thereby, men do not have the same ability to develop professionalism in childcare as women. However, by overcoming the fear of the pedophile discourse, these men create 'new discourses', where men can be viewed as caregivers. The result highlights an overall question, of what a professional approach is when it comes to care for children in ECEC.
46.	Ek, Mats, et al. (author) Aktivt kol för avlägsnande av läkemedelsrester ur behandlat avloppsvatten 2013 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Här rapporteras om ett långtidsförsök med aktivt kol i kolonner/bäddar för att bestämma avskiljning och kolets kapacitet. Kolfiltret sattes in som ett extra polersteg efter den normala reningen vid Henriksdals avloppsreningsverk i Stockholm. Försöken genomfördes under 19 månader 2011-2012 vid försöksanläggningen Hammarby Sjöstadsverk. Avskiljningen av analyserade läkemedelssubstanser var generellt mycket bra. Vid en belastning motsvarande 50 m3 vatten/kg kol (20 g kol/m3 vatten) passerade 5-10 % av vissa föreningar den första kolonnen. Även vid över 70 m3/kg kol i första kolonnen kunde man inte påvisa kvantifierbara mängder ut från kolonn 2. Det största problemet för teknisk drift var den begränsade hydrauliska kapaciteten, till stor del beroende på mikrobiell tillväxt i kolonnerna. Kolet måste regelbundet rensas genom backspolning med luft och vatten. Baserat på förbrukningen av kol och andras beräkningar av totalkostnaden inklusive investeringar kommer man fram till en totalkostnad för reningen med aktivt kol kring 1 kr/m3 vatten i ett sort avloppsreningsverk. Det är högre än för ozonbehandling, men lägre än för andra metoder med samma effektivitet. Vid en bedömning av olika metoder bör också andra faktorer än de rent ekonomiska vägas in. Fortsatta studier av hydraulisk kapacitet, nödvändig uppehållstid och avskiljning av andra organiska föreningar föreslås, och har delvis påbörjats.
47.	Ekblom Bak, Elin, 1981-, et al. (author) Accelerometer derived physical activity patterns in 27.890 middle‐aged adults : The SCAPIS cohort study 2022 In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 32:5, s. 866-880 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The present study aims to describe accelerometer-assessed physical activity (PA) patterns and fulfillment of PA recommendations in a large sample of middle-aged men and women, and to study differences between subgroups of socio-demographic, socio-economic, and lifestyle-related variables. A total of 27 890 (92.5% of total participants, 52% women, aged 50–64 years) middle-aged men and women with at least four days of valid hip-worn accelerometer data (Actigraph GT3X+, wGT3X+ and wGT3X-BT) from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study, SCAPIS, were included. In total, 54.5% of daily wear time was spent sedentary, 39.1% in low, 5.4% in moderate, and only 0.1% in vigorous PA. Male sex, higher education, low financial strain, born in Sweden, and sedentary/light working situation were related to higher sedentary time, but also higher levels of vigorous PA. High BMI and having multiple chronic diseases associated strongly with higher sedentary time and less time in all three PA intensities. All-year physically active commuters had an overall more active PA pattern. The proportion fulfilling current PA recommendations varied substantially (1.4% to 92.2%) depending on data handling procedures and definition used. Twenty-eight percent was defined as having an “at-risk” behavior, which included both high sedentary time and low vigorous PA. In this large population-based sample, a majority of time was spent sedentary and only a fraction in vigorous PA, with clinically important variations between subgroups. This study provides important reference material and emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive assessment of all aspects of the individual PA pattern in future research and clinical practice.
48.	El Alaoui, Samir, et al. (author) Predictors and Moderators of Internet- and Group-Based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Panic Disorder 2013 In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:11 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) can be equally effective as traditional face-to-face cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for treating panic disorder (PD). However, little is known about the predictors and moderators of outcome of ICBT when delivered in psychiatric outpatient settings. This study investigated a selection of outcome predictors and moderators of ICBT for panic disorder based on data from a randomised controlled trial where therapist-guided ICBT was compared with group CBT (GCBT) for panic disorder. Participants (N = 104) received 10 weeks of ICBT or GCBT and were assessed before and after treatment, and after six months. Multiple regression analyses were used to test for significant predictors of treatment outcome. Predictors of positive treatment response for both modalities were having low levels of symptom severity and work impairment. In addition, anxiety sensitivity was found to have a small negative relationship with treatment outcome, suggesting that anxiety sensitivity may slightly enhance treatment response. Treatment modality had a moderating effect on the relationship between domestic impairment and outcome and on the relationship between initial age of onset of panic symptoms and treatment outcome, favouring ICBT for patients having had an early onset of PD symptoms and for patients having a high domestic functional impairment. These results suggest that both ICBT and GCBT are effective treatment modalities for PD and that it is possible to predict a significant proportion of the long-term outcome variance based on clinical variables.
49.	Ericson, Åsa, et al. (author) On the way to knowledge awareness in early design 2007 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract This paper discusses views on decision support in product development to identify factors of relevance when designing computer-based decision sup- port for total offers. Providing services in form of physical artefacts of- fered as ‘functions per unit’ is at the heart of total offers. Total offers gain access to possibilities to ‘design in’ value added characteristics into the physical artefact, e.g., maintenance, monitoring, training, remanufacture. Contemporary computer tools seem to be insufficient to support a GO/NO GO decision for total offers. Relevant factors to take into consideration are to support learning and provide the decision makers with insights in a number of plausible ‘what-if’ scenarios to improve the solution space.
50.	Ericson, Åsa, et al. (author) On the way to knowledge awareness in early design 2007 In: The future of product development. - Berlin : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 9783540698197 ; , s. 607-616 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract This work is part of a study where a descriptive and a prescriptive approach have been used. This paper deals with the descriptive part and discusses views on decision support in product development to identify factors of relevance to con-sider when designing computer-based decision support for total offers. Providing services in form of physical artefacts offered as ‘functions per unit’ is at the heart of total offers. The intention is to provide customers with functions in time and place ‘as-needed’, based on a life-cycle commitment. This new scenario is found in manufacturing industry in addition to a traditional view on selling hardware and providing aftermarket activities. Total offers gain access to possibilities to ‘design in’ value added characteristics into the physical artefact, e.g., maintenance, moni-toring, training and abilities to upgrade and/or remanufacture. Computer tools is commonly used to supply design teams with information which is relevant, correct and in time to support resolutions, yet to support a GO/NO GO decision for total offers contemporary tools seems to be insufficient. Relevant factors to take into consideration are to support learning and provide the decision makers with insights in a number of plausible ‘what-if’ scenarios to im-prove the solution space.

Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka

Permalink

Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Bergström Christian) "

Refine your search

Year