| 1. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
-
Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten : Resurs- och miljööversikt 2012
- 2012
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Detta är den nionde utgåvan av den samlade översikten över fisk- och kräftdjursbeståndens status i våra vatten. Kunskap om fiskbestånden och miljön är en förutsättning för att utnyttjandet av fiskresurserna skall bli bärkraftigt. För svenska vattenområden beskrivs miljöutvecklingen i ett ekosystemsperspektiv, dels för att tydliggöra fiskens ekologiska roll och beskriva yttre miljöfaktorer som påverkar fiskbestånden, dels för att belysa fiskets effekter på miljön.Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten är utarbetad av Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Institutionen för akvatiska resurser (SLU Aqua), på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten. Rapporten sammanfattar utveckling och beståndsstatus för de kommersiellt viktigaste fisk- och kräftdjursarterna i våra vatten. Bedömningar och förvaltningsråd är baserade på Internationella Havsforskningsrådets (ICES) rådgivning, SLU Aquas nationella och regionala provfiskedata, samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.
|
|
| 2. |
- Johansson, Malin E V, 1971, et al.
(author)
-
Composition and functional role of the mucus layers in the intestine.
- 2011
-
In: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1420-682X .- 1420-9071. ; 68, s. 3635-3641
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In discussions on intestinal protection, the protective capacity of mucus has not been very much considered. The progress in the last years in understanding the molecular nature of mucins, the main building blocks of mucus, has, however, changed this. The intestinal enterocytes have their apical surfaces covered by transmembrane mucins and the whole intestinal surface is further covered by mucus, built around the gel-forming mucin MUC2. The mucus of the small intestine has only one layer, whereas the large intestine has a two-layered mucus where the inner, attached layer has a protective function for the intestine, as it is impermeable to the luminal bacteria.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Bergström, Annika, 1964, et al.
(author)
-
Deltagande och delaktighet i digitala miljöer
- 2014
-
In: Medie-Sverige 2014. Statistik och analys. - Göteborg : Nordicom-Sverige, Göteborgs universitet. ; , s. 93-101
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 6. |
- Bergström, Joakim H., 1977, et al.
(author)
-
AGR2, an endoplasmic reticulum protein, is secreted into the gastrointestinal mucus.
- 2014
-
In: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The MUC2 mucin is the major constituent of the two mucus layers in colon. Mice lacking the disulfide isomerase-like protein Agr2 have been shown to be more susceptible to colon inflammation. The Agr2(-/-) mice have less filled goblet cells and were now shown to have a poorly developed inner colon mucus layer. We could not show AGR2 covalently bound to recombinant MUC2 N- and C-termini as have previously been suggested. We found relatively high concentrations of Agr2 in secreted mucus throughout the murine gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that Agr2 may play extracellular roles. In tissue culture (CHO-K1) cells, AGR2 is normally not secreted. Replacement of the single Cys in AGR2 with Ser (C81S) allowed secretion, suggesting that modification of this Cys might provide a mechanism for circumventing the KTEL endoplasmic reticulum retention signal. In conclusion, these results suggest that AGR2 has both intracellular and extracellular effects in the intestine.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bergström, Malin, et al.
(author)
-
Fear of childbirth in expectant fathers, subsequent childbirth experience and impact of antenatal education : subanalysis of results from a randomized controlled trial.
- 2013
-
In: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 92:8, s. 967-73
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To explore if antenatal fear of childbirth in men affects their experience of the birth event and if this experience is associated with type of childbirth preparation.DESIGN: Data from a randomized controlled multicenter trial on antenatal education.SETTING: 15 antenatal clinics in Sweden between January 2006 and May 2007.SAMPLE: 762 men, of whom 83 (10.9%) suffered from fear of childbirth. Of these 83 men, 39 were randomized to psychoprophylaxis childbirth preparation where men were trained to coach their partners during labor and 44 to standard care antenatal preparation for childbirth and parenthood without such training.METHODS: Experience of childbirth was compared between men with and without fear of childbirth regardless of randomization, and between fearful men in the randomized groups. Analyses by logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic variables.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported data on experience of childbirth including an adapted version of the Wijma Delivery Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ B).RESULTS: Men with antenatal fear of childbirth more often experienced childbirth as frightening than men without fear: adjusted odds ratio 4.68, 95% confidence interval 2.67-8.20. Men with antenatal fear in the psychoprophylaxis group rated childbirth as frightening less often than those in standard care: adjusted odds ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.10-0.95.CONCLUSIONS: Men who suffer from antenatal fear of childbirth are at higher risk of experiencing childbirth as frightening. Childbirth preparation including training as a coach may help fearful men to a more positive childbirth experience. Additional studies are needed to support this conclusion.
|
|
| 8. |
- Bergström, Malin, et al.
(author)
-
Living in two homes-a Swedish national survey of wellbeing in 12 and 15 year olds with joint physical custody
- 2013
-
In: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 13
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background The practice of joint physical custody, where children spend equal time in each parent's home after they separate, is increasing in many countries. It is particularly common in Sweden, where this custody arrangement applies to 30 per cent of children with separated parents. The aim of this study was to examine children's health-related quality of life after parental separation, by comparing children living with both parents in nuclear families to those living in joint physical custody and other forms of domestic arrangements.Methods Data from a national Swedish classroom study of 164,580 children aged 12 and 15-years-old were analysed by two-level linear regression modelling. Z-scores were used to equalise scales for ten dimensions of wellbeing from the KIDSCREEN-52 and the KIDSCREEN-10 Index and analysed for children in joint physical custody in comparison with children living in nuclear families and mostly or only with one parent.Results Living in a nuclear family was positively associated with almost all aspects of wellbeing in comparison to children with separated parents. Children in joint physical custody experienced more positive outcomes, in terms of subjective wellbeing, family life and peer relations, than children living mostly or only with one parent. For the 12-year-olds, beta coefficients for moods and emotions ranged from -0.20 to -0.33 and peer relations from -0.11 to -0.20 for children in joint physical custody and living mostly or only with one parent. The corresponding estimates for the 15-year-olds varied from -0.08 to -0.28 and from -0.03 to -0.13 on these subscales. The 15-year-olds in joint physical custody were more likely than the 12-year-olds to report similar wellbeing levels on most outcomes to the children in nuclear families.Conclusions Children who spent equal time living with both parents after a separation reported better wellbeing than children in predominantly single parent care. This was particularly true for the 15-year-olds, while the reported wellbeing of 12-years-olds was less satisfactory. There is a need for further studies that can account for the pre and post separation context of individual families and the wellbeing of younger age groups in joint physical custody.
|
|
| 9. |
- Bergström, Malin, et al.
(author)
-
Mental health in Swedish children living in joint physical custody and their parents' life satisfaction : A cross-sectional study
- 2014
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 55:5, s. 433-439
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study compared the psychological symptoms of 129 children in joint physical custody with children in single care and nuclear families, using a nationally representative 2011 survey of 1,297 Swedish children aged between four and 18 years. The outcome measure was the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and its association with three dimensions of parental life satisfaction was investigated. Linear regression analyses showed higher SDQ-scores for children in joint physical custody (B=1.4, p<0.001) and single care (B=2.2, p<0.001) than in nuclear families, after adjustment for socio-demographic variables. The estimates decreased to 1.1 and 1.3, respectively, after being adjusted for parental life satisfaction (p<0.01). Our findings confirm previous research that showed lower symptom scores for children in nuclear families than children in single care and joint physical custody. Parental life satisfaction should be investigated further as a possible explanation of differences in symptom load between children in different living arrangements.
|
|
| 10. |
- Bergström, Malin
(author)
-
Psychoprophylaxis : antenatal preparation and actual use during labour
- 2010
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to study the effects of a model of antenatal education, focusing on natural childbirth preparation by including psychoprophylaxis, breathing and relaxation techniques to cope with labour pain, and the actual use of psychoprophylaxis during labour. Satisfaction with antenatal education and experiences of a subgroup of men with antenatal fear of childbirth were also explored. The principal design was a randomised controlled trial where the new model, 'natural birth', was compared with standard antenatal education, 'standard care', as practised in Sweden at the commencement of the trial. The trial was conducted at 15 antenatal clinics spread over Sweden between January 2006 and May 2007. About 1300 women and their partners were eligible for the study and the 1087 women and 1064 men who were recruited were randomised into 106 natural birth and 101 standard care groups. Both models for antenatal education had the same structure: 12 persons per group, four 2-hour sessions during third trimester of pregnancy and one follow-up after delivery. The natural birth model focused on childbirth preparation with practical training in psychoprophylaxis, whereas in standard care the time was divided between preparation for childbirth and for parenthood and no psychoprophylaxis was included. Data were collected by questionnaires in mid-pregnancy, before randomisation, and at three months after birth. A total of 986 (91%) women and 896 (84%) men completed the follow-up questionnaire. Data were also collected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. No statistical differences were found between the two models of antenatal education among women and men regarding use of epidural analgesia, experience of childbirth or parental stress, three months after the birth. Seventy percent of the women in the natural birth group reported having used psychoprophylaxis during labour. A minority in the standard care group (37%) had also used this method, but subgroup analysis where these women were excluded did not change the principal findings. Use of psychoprophylaxis during labour was investigated by an observational design where the randomised groups were merged. Actual use of psychoprophylaxis during labour was associated with a lower risk of emergency caesarean section, but did not affect the experience of childbirth. Women who used psychoprophylaxis were older, more often Swedish-born and had higher socioeconomic status compared with women who did not use the method. More women and men randomised to the natural birth group than those in the standard care group were satisfied with the education. Overall, issues related to the approaching birth were rated as more important than postnatal issues by women and men when they were asked during pregnancy. After the birth only about one third of the participants were satisfied with the education content related to preparation for parenthood, but these numbers were higher in the standard care group. Childbirth was more often experienced as frightening by men with antenatal fear of childbirth than by men without such fear. Fearful men in the natural birth group rated the experience of childbirth as frightening less often compared with the standard care group. In conclusion, the findings of this thesis suggest that antenatal preparation with psychoprophylaxis has no more beneficial effects on labour-related outcomes or experience of childbirth than antenatal education without psychoprophylaxis. However, men suffering from antenatal fear of childbirth may benefit from this model. Actual use of psychoprophylaxis during labour may possibly reduce the risk of emergency caesarean section. The findings also suggest that antenatal education focusing on childbirth preparation increases parental satisfaction compared with content related to parenthood.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Bergström, Petra, et al.
(author)
-
Association of NFE2L2 and KEAP1 haplotypes with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
- 2014
-
In: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & frontotemporal degeneration. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2167-9223 .- 2167-8421. ; 15:1-2, s. 130-137
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative motor neuron syndrome influenced by oxidative stress. The transcription factor Nrf2 and its repressor Keap1 constitute an important defence system in cellular protection against oxidative stress. Here we hypothesize that common genetic variations in the genes NFE2L2 and KEAP1, encoding Nrf2 and Keap1, may influence the risk and phenotype of ALS. Five hundred and twenty-two Swedish patients with sporadic ALS (SALS) and 564 Swedish control subjects were studied. Eight tag SNPs in NFE2L2 and three tag SNPs in KEAP1 were genotyped by allelic discrimination and three functional NFE2L2 promoter SNPs were genotyped by sequencing. One NFE2L2 haplotype (GGGAC) was associated with decreased risk of SALS (OR = 0.62 per allele, p = 0.003) and one haplotype in KEAP1 (CGG) was associated with later SALS onset (+3.4 years per allele, p = 0.015). When stratified by subgroup, one haplotype in NFE2L2, GAGCAGA including three functional promoter SNPs associated with high Nrf2 protein expression, was associated with 4.0 years later disease onset per allele in subgroup ALS (p = 0.008). In conclusion, these results suggest that variations in NFE2L2 and KEAP1, encoding two central proteins in cellular oxidative stress defence, may influence SALS pathogenesis.
|
|
| 13. |
- Brolin Låftman, Sara, et al.
(author)
-
Joint physical custody, turning to parents for emotional support, and subjective health : a study of adolescents in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2014
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 42:5, s. 456-462
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: Among children with separated parents, the arrangement of joint physical custody, i.e. children living equally much in both parents’ homes, has increased substantially during the last decades in Sweden. To date, empirical research on the living conditions of this group is limited. This study analyses family type differences in turning to parents for emotional support and in subjective health among adolescents. The focus of the study is adolescents in joint physical custody, who are compared with those living with two original parents in the same household; those living (only) in a single-parent household; and those living (only) in a reconstituted family. Methods: The data come from the Stockholm School Survey of 2004, a total population survey of students in grade 9 (15–16 years) in Stockholm (n=8,840). Ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions were conducted. Results: Turning to both parents about problems is most commonly reported by adolescents in intact families, followed by those in joint physical custody. Adolescents in non-traditional family types report worse subjective health than adolescents in intact families, but the difference is smaller for those in joint physical custody than for those living with a single parent. The slightly poorer health of adolescents in joint physical custody than those in intact families is not explained by their lower use of parents as a source of emotional support. Conclusions: The study suggests that joint physical custody is associated with a higher inclination to use parents as a source of emotional support and better subjective health than other post-divorce family types.
|
|
| 14. |
- Fransson, Emma, 1973-, et al.
(author)
-
Exploring salivary cortisol and recurrent pain in mid-adolescents living in two homes
- 2014
-
In: BMC Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2050-7283. ; 21:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Each year, around 50.000 children in Sweden experience a separation between their parents. Joint physical custody (JPC), where the child alternates homes between the parents for about equal amount of time, has become a common living arrangement after parental separation. Children in two homes could benefit from everyday contact with both parents and access to both parents' financial resources. However, children could experience stress from being constantly moving and potentially exposed to parental conflicts. Still, studies on JPC and biological functioning related to stress, are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate how living arrangements (intact family/JPC) relate to HPA-axis activity and recurrent pain in mid-adolescents.METHODS: Mid-adolescents (106 girls and 51 boys) provided demographic details, self-reports of recurrent pain (headache, stomachache, neck/shoulder and back pain) and salivary samples. Salivary cortisol samples were collected: 1) immediately at awakening, 2) +30 minutes, 3) +60 minutes, and 4) at 8 p.m. The cortisol awakening response (CAR) was computed using an established formula. Additionally, the diurnal decline between the waking and 8 p.m. samples was computed.RESULTS: Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that living arrangements (intact family/JPC) was not associated with morning cortisol (CAR), the diurnal cortisol decline or with recurrent pain. However, sex was a significant predictor of both cortisol measures and recurrent pain with girls exhibiting a higher cortisol awakening response and a greater diurnal decline value as well as reporting more recurrent pain than did boys.CONCLUSIONS: Living arrangements were not associated with HPA-axis activity or recurrent pain in this group of well-functioning mid-adolescents. Although this study is the first to investigate how living arrangements relate to HPA-axis functioning and additional studies are needed, the tentative findings suggest that these mid-adolescents have adapted to their living arrangements and that other factors play a more pertinent role for HPA-functioning and subjective health.
|
|
| 15. |
- Fransson, Emma, et al.
(author)
-
Exploring salivary cortisol and recurrent pain in mid-adolescents living in two homes
- 2014
-
In: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 21, s. S23-S23
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Every year, around 50.000 children in Sweden experience a separation between their parents. Joint physical custody (JPC), where the child alternates homes between the parents for about equal amount of time, has become a common living arrangement after parental separation. Children living in two homes can benefit from everyday contact with both parents and access to both parents’ financial resources. However, children can also experience stress from constantly moving and from exposure to any parental conflict. Yet, research on JPC and stress-related biological functioning is limited. The aimof this study was to investigate how living arrangements (intact family/JPC) relate toHPA-axis activity and recurrent pain in mid-adolescents. Methods: Mid-adolescents (106 girls and 51 boys) provided demographic details, self-reports of recurrent pain (headache, stomachache, neck/shoulder and back pain) and salivary samples. Salivary cortisol samples were collected: 1) immediately at awakening, 2) +30 minutes, 3) +60 minutes, and 4) at 8 p.m. Results: Hierarchical regressions showed that living arrangements did not predict morning cortisol levels, the diurnal cortisol rhythm nor recurrent pain. However, sex was significantly associated with both morning cortisol and recurrent pain. Conclusion: Living arrangements were not linked to HPA-axis activity or recurrent pain in this group of well-functioning mid-adolescents. Although this is the first study investigating how living arrangements relate to HPA-axis functioning, which means that additional research is needed, the findings suggest that these mid-adolescents have adapted to their living arrangements and that other factors seem more pertinent for HPA-functioning and subjective health complaints.
|
|
| 16. |
- Grahn, Anna, 1973, et al.
(author)
-
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Glycoprotein E Is a Serological Antigen for Detection of Intrathecal Antibodies to VZV in Central Nervous System Infections, without Cross-Reaction to Herpes Simplex Virus 1
- 2011
-
In: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. - 1556-6811 .- 1556-679X. ; 18:8, s. 1336-1342
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) cause serious central nervous system (CNS) diseases that are diagnosed with PCR using samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and, during later stages of such infections, with assays of intrathecal IgG antibody production. However, serological diagnoses have been hampered by cross-reactions between HSV-1 and VZV IgG antibodies and are commonly reported in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). In this study we have evaluated VZV glycoprotein E (gE) as a new antigen for serological diagnosis of VZV-induced CNS infections. Paired samples of CSF and serum from 29 patients with clinical diagnosis of VZV CNS infection (n = 15) or HSE (n = 14), all confirmed by PCR, were analyzed. VZV gE and whole VZV were compared as antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for serological assays in which the CSF/serum sample pairs were diluted to identical IgG concentrations. With the gE antigen, none of the HSE patients showed intrathecal IgG antibodies against VZV, compared to those shown by 11/14 patients using whole-VZV antigen (P < 0.001). In the patients with VZV infections, significantly higher CSF/serum optical density (OD) ratios were found in the VZV patients using the VZV gE antigen compared to those found using the whole-VZV antigen (P = 0.001). These results show that gE is a sensitive antigen for serological diagnosis of VZV infections in the CNS and that this antigen was devoid of cross-reactivity to HSV-1 IgG in patients with HSE. We therefore propose that VZV gE can be used for serological discrimination of CNS infections caused by VZV and HSV-1. Biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene) is mainly performed by plants and some bacteria and fungi, via two distinct metabolic routes. Plants use two steps, starting with S-adenosylmethionine, while the ethylene-forming microbes perform an oxygen dependent reaction using 2-oxoglutarate and arginine. Introduction of these systems into Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied in silico. The reactions were added to a metabolic network of yeast and flux over the two networks was optimised for maximal ethylene formation. The maximal ethylene yields obtained for the two systems were similar in the range of 7-8 mol ethylene/10 mol glucose. The microbial metabolic network was used for testing different strategies to increase the ethylene formation. It was suggested that supplementation of exogenous proline, using a solely NAD-coupled glutamate dehydrogenase, and using glutamate as the nitrogen source, could increase the ethylene formation. Comparison of these in silico results with published experimental data for yeast expressing the microbial system confirmed an increased ethylene formation when changing nitrogen source from ammonium to glutamate. The theoretical analysis methods indicated a much higher maximal yield per glucose for ethylene than was experimentally observed. However, such high ethylene yields could only be obtained with a concomitant very high respiration (per glucose). Accordingly, when ethylene production was optimised under the additional constraint of restricted respiratory capacity (i.e. limited to experimentally measured values) the theoretical maximal ethylene yield was much lower at 0.2/10 mol glucose, and closer to the experimentally observed values.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Hjern, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
Migrant density and well-being-A national school survey of 15-year-olds in Sweden
- 2013
-
In: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B - Oxford Open Option D. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 23:5, s. 823-828
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of migrant density in school on the well-being of pupils with a migrant origin in first as well as second generation. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data from a national classroom survey of 15-year-old Swedish schoolchildren. The study population included 76 229 pupils (86.5% participation) with complete data set from 1352 schools. Six dimensions of well-being from the KIDSCREEN were analysed in two-level linear regression models to assess the influence of migrant origin at individual level and percentage of students with a migrant origin at school level, as well as interaction terms between them. Z-scores were used to equalize scales. Results: A high density (andgt; 50%) of pupils with a migrant origin in first or second generation was associated with positive well-being on all six scales for foreign-born pupils originating in Africa or Asia compared with schools with low (andlt; 10%) migrant density. The effect sizes were 0.56 for boys and 0.29 for girls on the comprehensive KIDSCREEN 10-index (P andlt; 0.001) and 0.61 and 0.34, respectively, for psychological well-being (P andlt; 0.001). Of the boys and girls born in Africa or Asia, 31.6% and 34.6%, respectively, reported being bullied during the past week in schools with low (andlt; 10%) migrant density. Conclusions: Pupils born in Africa or Asia are at high risk for being bullied and having impaired well-being in schools with few other migrant children. School interventions to improve peer relations and prevent bullying are needed to promote well-being in non-European migrant children.
|
|
| 19. |
- Li, Lu, 1964, et al.
(author)
-
The Importance of GLUT3 for De Novo Lipogenesis in Hypoxia-Induced Lipid Loading of Human Macrophages
- 2012
-
In: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Atherosclerotic lesions are characterized by lipid-loaded macrophages (foam cells) and hypoxic regions. Although it is well established that foam cells are produced by uptake of cholesterol from oxidized LDL, we previously showed that hypoxia also promotes foam cell formation even in the absence of exogenous lipids. The hypoxia-induced lipid accumulation results from increased triglyceride biosynthesis but the exact mechanism is unknown. Our aim was to investigate the importance of glucose in promoting hypoxia-induced de novo lipid synthesis in human macrophages. In the absence of exogenous lipids, extracellular glucose promoted the accumulation of Oil Red O-stained lipid droplets in human monocyte-derived macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. Lipid droplet accumulation was higher in macrophages exposed to hypoxia at all assessed concentrations of glucose. Importantly, triglyceride synthesis from glucose was increased in hypoxic macrophages. GLUT3 was highly expressed in macrophage-rich and hypoxic regions of human carotid atherosclerotic plaques and in macrophages isolated from these plaques. In human monocyte-derived macrophages, hypoxia increased expression of both GLUT3 mRNA and protein, and knockdown of GLUT3 with siRNA significantly reduced both glucose uptake and lipid droplet accumulation. In conclusion, we have shown that hypoxia-induced increases in glucose uptake through GLUT3 are important for lipid synthesis in macrophages, and may contribute to foam cell formation in hypoxic regions of atherosclerotic lesions.
|
|
| 20. |
- Lindström, Veronica, et al.
(author)
-
Immunotherapy targeting α-synuclein protofibrils reduced pathology in (Thy-1)-h[A30P] α-synuclein mice
- 2014
-
In: Neurobiology of Disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-9961 .- 1095-953X. ; 69, s. 134-143
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several lines of evidence suggest that accumulation of aggregated alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) in the central nervous system (CNS) is an early pathogenic event and therefore a suitable therapeutic target in Parkinson’s disease and other Lewy body disorders. In recent years, animal studies have indicated immunotherapy with antibodies directed against α-synuclein as a promising novel treatment strategy. Since large α-synuclein oligomers, or protofibrils, have been demonstrated to possess pronounced cytotoxic properties, such species should be particularly attractive as therapeutic targets. An α-synuclein protofibril-selective monoclonal antibody, mAb47, was evaluated in the (Thy-1)-h[A30P] α-synuclein transgenic mouse model, featuring an age- and motor dysfunction-associated increase of α-synuclein protofibrils in the CNS. As measured by ELISA, mAb47-treated mice displayed significantly lower levels of both soluble and membrane-associated protofibrils in the spinal cord. In addition, a trend for increased survival as a result of reduced motor symptoms was observed with antibody treatment. Taken together, this study demonstrates reduced levels of pathogenic α-synuclein and indicates a reduction of motor dysfunction in transgenic mice upon peripheral administration of an α-synuclein protofibril-selective antibody. Thus, immunotherapy with antibodies targeting toxic α-synuclein species holds promise as a future disease-modifying treatment in Parkinson’s disease and related disorders.
|
|
| 21. |
- Ng, Jovice Boon Sing, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
Intraparticle transport and release of dextran in silica spheres with cylindrical mesopores
- 2010
-
In: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 26:1, s. 466-70
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The transport of oligomeric molecules in silica spheres with cylindrical mesopores has been quantified and related to the structural features of the spherical particles and the interactions at the solid-liquid interface. An emulsion-solvent evaporation method was used to produce silica spheres having cylindrical mesopores with an average pore diameter of 6.5 nm. The transport of dextran molecules (fluorescently tagged) with molecular weights of 3000 and 10,000 g/mol was quantified using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The intraparticle concentration profiles in the dextran-containing spheres were flat at all times, suggesting that the release is not isotropic and not limited by diffusion. The release of dextran into the solution is characterized by an initial burst, followed by long-term sustained release. The release follows a logarithmic time dependency, which was rationalized by coupling concentration-dependent effective diffusion constants with adsorption/desorption.
|
|
| 22. |
- Pelaseyed, Thaher, 1979, et al.
(author)
-
The mucus and mucins of the goblet cells and enterocytes provide the first defense line of the gastrointestinal tract and interact with the immune system
- 2014
-
In: Immunological Reviews. - : Wiley. - 0105-2896 .- 1600-065X. ; 260:1, s. 8-20
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The gastrointestinal tract is covered by mucus that has different properties in the stomach, small intestine, and colon. The large highly glycosylated gel-forming mucins MUC2 and MUC5AC are the major components of the mucus in the intestine and stomach, respectively. In the small intestine, mucus limits the number of bacteria that can reach the epithelium and the Peyer's patches. In the large intestine, the inner mucus layer separates the commensal bacteria from the host epithelium. The outer colonic mucus layer is the natural habitat for the commensal bacteria. The intestinal goblet cells secrete not only the MUC2 mucin but also a number of typical mucus components: CLCA1, FCGBP, AGR2, ZG16, and TFF3. The goblet cells have recently been shown to have a novel gate-keeping role for the presentation of oral antigens to the immune system. Goblet cells deliver small intestinal luminal material to the lamina propria dendritic cells of the tolerogenic CD103+ type. In addition to the gel-forming mucins, the transmembrane mucins MUC3, MUC12, and MUC17 form the enterocyte glycocalyx that can reach about a micrometer out from the brush border. The MUC17 mucin can shuttle from a surface to an intracellular vesicle localization, suggesting that enterocytes might control and report epithelial microbial challenge. There is communication not only from the epithelial cells to the immune system but also in the opposite direction. One example of this is IL10 that can affect and improve the properties of the inner colonic mucus layer. The mucus and epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract are the primary gate keepers and controllers of bacterial interactions with the host immune system, but our understanding of this relationship is still in its infancy.
|
|
| 23. |
- Rodríguez-Piñeiro, Ana María, et al.
(author)
-
Studies of mucus in mouse stomach, small intestine, and colon. II. Gastrointestinal mucus proteome reveals Muc2 and Muc5ac accompanied by a set of core proteins.
- 2013
-
In: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1547 .- 0193-1857. ; 305:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mucus that protects the surface of the gastrointestinal tract is rich in specialized O-glycoproteins called mucins, but little is known about other mucus proteins or their variability along the gastrointestinal tract. To ensure that only mucus was analyzed, we combined collection from explant tissues mounted in perfusion chambers, liquid sample preparation, single-shot mass spectrometry, and specific bioinformatics tools, to characterize the proteome of the murine mucus from stomach to distal colon. With our approach, we identified ∼1,300 proteins in the mucus. We found no differences in the protein composition or abundance between sexes, but there were clear differences in mucus along the tract. Noticeably, mucus from duodenum showed similarities to the stomach, probably reflecting the normal distal transport. Qualitatively, there were, however, fewer differences than might had been anticipated, suggesting a relatively stable core proteome (∼80% of the total proteins identified). Quantitatively, we found significant differences (∼40% of the proteins) that could reflect mucus specialization throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Hierarchical clustering pinpointed a number of such proteins that correlated with Muc2 (e.g., Clca1, Zg16, Klk1). This study provides a deeper knowledge of the gastrointestinal mucus proteome that will be important in further understanding this poorly studied mucosal protection system.
|
|
| 24. |
- Sellstedt, Magnus, 1981-, et al.
(author)
-
Synthesis and Characterization of a Multi Ring-Fused 2-Pyridone-Based Fluorescent Scaffold
- 2010
-
In: European Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 1434-193X .- 1099-0690. ; :32, s. 6171-6178
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A series of compounds based on a novel fluorescent scaffold have been synthesized. Most of the compounds displayed high quantum yields of fluorescence and unusually long fluorescence lifetimes. HeLa cells were treated with one of the compounds and its use as a fluorescent dye was demonstrated with fluorescence confocal microscopy.
|
|
| 25. |
- Studahl, Marie, 1957, et al.
(author)
-
Acute viral infections of the central nervous system in immunocompetent adults: diagnosis and management.
- 2013
-
In: Drugs. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-6667 .- 1179-1950. ; 73:2, s. 131-58
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Patients with viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) may present with a variety of neurological symptoms, most commonly dominated by either encephalitis or meningitis. The aetiological panorama varies in different parts of the world as well as over time. Thus, virological first-line diagnostics must be adapted to the current epidemiological situation and to the individual patient history, including recent travels. This review focuses on the diagnostics and treatment of viral CNS infections in the immunocompetent host from a Northern European perspective. Effective vaccines are available for viruses such as poliovirus and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and for the childhood diseases morbilli (measles), rubella (German measles), parotitis (mumps) and varicella (chickenpox). However, cases do appear due to suboptimal immunization rates. In viral CNS infections, epidemiological surveillance is essential for establishing preventive strategies and for detecting emerging viruses. Knowledge of the possibilities and limitations of diagnostic methods for specific viral CNS infections is vital. A positive cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) finding is usually reliable for aetiological diagnosis. The demonstration of intrathecal antibody synthesis is useful for confirming the aetiology in a later stage of disease, hitherto sufficiently evaluated in herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Despite improved virological and differential diagnostic methods, aetiology remains unknown in about half of the cases with suspected viral encephalitis. Antiviral treatment is available chiefly for infections caused by herpesviruses, and acyclovir (aciclovir) is the drug of choice for empirical therapy in suspected viral encephalitis. However, randomized, controlled antiviral trials have only been conducted for HSE, while such studies are lacking in other viral CNS infections. Viral cytolysis and immune-mediated mechanisms may contribute to varying extents to neurological damage. Although the brain damage is believed to depend, to a varying degree, on the intrathecal host immune response, the use of corticosteroids in viral CNS infections is scarcely studied, as is specific treatment for neuroinflammation. Improved antiviral and immunomodulating treatment is desirable. Since neurological sequelae are still abundant, follow-up after severe viral CNS disease must include a neuropsychological assessment and an individually adapted rehabilitation plan.
|
|
| 26. |
- Sörensen, Malin H., et al.
(author)
-
Improved enzymatic activity of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase immobilized in a hydrophobic particulate
- 2010
-
In: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 343:1, s. 359-365
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus has been immobilized within particulate mesoporous silica carriers, with either hydrophilic or hydrophobic supporting surfaces, produced by the newly developed emulsion and solvent evaporation (ESE) method. The Michaelis-Menten model was used to calculate the parameters related to the enzymatic activity of lipase i.e. the turnover number, kcat, and the specific activity. The specific activity was improved by immobilization of lipase onto the hydrophobic support, compared to lipase immobilized onto the hydrophilic support and lipase free in solution. The enhanced enzymatic activity of lipase onto a hydrophobic support was attributed to interfacial activation of the Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase when it is attached to a hydrophobic surface and a reduced denaturation. Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM) studies, of fluorescently tagged lipase, showed that leakage of the lipase from the mesoporous particles was limited to an initial period of only a few hours. Both the rate and the amount of lipase leached were reduced when the lipase was immobilized onto the hydrophobic support.
|
|
| 27. |
- Thomsson, Elisabeth, 1975, et al.
(author)
-
Recombinant glycoprotein E produced in mammalian cells in large-scale as an antigen for varicella-zoster-virus serology.
- 2011
-
In: Journal of virological methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0984 .- 0166-0934. ; 175:1, s. 53-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A recombinant glycoprotein E (gE) from varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was generated and produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, in the development of a specific antigen for analysis of IgG antibodies to VZV. Several stable gE-secreting clones were established and one clone was adapted to growth in serum-free suspension culture. When the cells were cultured in a perfusion bioreactor, gE was secreted into the medium, from where it could be easily purified. The recombinant gE was then evaluated as a serological antigen in ELISA. When compared to a conventional whole virus antigen, the VZV gE showed similar results in ELISA-based seroprevalence studies of 854 samples derived from blood donors, students, ischemic stroke patients and their controls, including samples with border-line results in previous analyses. Eight samples (0.9%) were discordant, all being IgG-negative by the VZV gE ELISA and positive by the whole virus ELISA. The sensitivity and specificity of the VZV gE ELISA were 99.9% and 100%, respectively, compared to 100% and 88.9% for the VZV whole virus ELISA. The elderly subjects showed similar reactivities to both antigens, while VZV gE gave lower signals in the younger cohorts, suggesting that antibodies to gE may increase with age. It was concluded that the recombinant VZV gE from CHO cells was suitable as a serological antigen for the detection of IgG antibodies specific for VZV.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Tväråna, Malin, 1974-
(author)
-
Rikare resonemang om rättvisa : Vad kan kvalificera deltagande i samhällskunskapspraktiken?
- 2014
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The study explores the meaning of knowing how to reason about justice in civics in upper secondary school. This is examined through the analysis of students’ conceptions of justice, and of their conceptions of civic reasoning about justice. It is also examined through the analysis of civic education practise. In the study, teaching was designed using Variation Theory and the theory of intersubjectivity in Activity Theory, and examined and evaluated in three Learning Studies. The empirical material consists of filmed and transcribed research lessons and interviews, as well as of written pre- and post-tests. The material was first analysed using phenomenography, and then analysed using content-oriented conversation analysis. Students’ conceptions of justice were found to move between the conception of justice as (A) a universal value, (B) a personal value or (C) a value of principle. Students’ conceptions of civic reasoning about justice were found to move between three conceptions: (a) reporting about justice, (b) analysing causes of different perspectives on justice or (c) critical reasoning about principles of justice. The critical aspects of knowing how to reason about justice in civics that students needed to discern were the relativity of justice, the basis for arguments for principles of justice and the analysing as well as the criticizing aspects of reasoning. The subject-knowledge that the teachers expressed in their teaching was one condition of the practise of civics that was found to be of importance for the students’ learning. Others were the assumed purpose of the practise of civics and a genuine need for the intended knowledge in the practice. Communicative actions that seem to facilitate these conditions are real learning tasks and a subject-specific language and variation of critical aspects as mediating tools. The findings are discussed in relation to theories of justice in political science and to the practise of civics education.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- von Otter, Malin, 1978, et al.
(author)
-
Association of Nrf2-encoding NFE2L2 haplotypes with Parkinson's disease.
- 2010
-
In: BMC medical genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2350. ; 11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is heavily implicated in the pathogenic process of Parkinson's disease. Varying capacity to detoxify radical oxygen species through induction of phase II antioxidant enzymes in substantia nigra may influence disease risk. Here, we hypothesize that variation in NFE2L2 and KEAP1, the genes encoding the two major regulators of the phase II response, may affect the risk of Parkinson's disease. METHODS: The study included a Swedish discovery case-control material (165 cases and 190 controls) and a Polish replication case-control material (192 cases and 192 controls). Eight tag single nucleotide polymorphisms representing the variation in NFE2L2 and three representing the variation in KEAP1 were chosen using HapMap data and were genotyped using TaqMan Allelic Discrimination. RESULTS: We identified a protective NFE2L2 haplotype in both of our European case-control materials. Each haplotype allele was associated with five years later age at onset of the disease (p = 0.001) in the Swedish material, and decreased risk of PD (p = 2 x 10(-6)), with an odds ratio of 0.4 (95% CI 0.3-0.6) for heterozygous and 0.2 (95% CI 0.1-0.4) for homozygous carriers, in the Polish material. The identified haplotype includes a functional promoter haplotype previously associated with high transcriptional activity. Genetic variation in KEAP1 did not show any associations. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that variation in NFE2L2 modifies the Parkinson's disease process and provide another link between oxidative stress and neurodegeneration.
|
|
| 32. |
- von Otter, Malin, 1978, et al.
(author)
-
Genetic associations of Nrf2-encoding NFE2L2 variants with Parkinson's disease: a multicenter study
- 2014
-
In: BMC Medical Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2350. ; 15:1, s. artikel nr 131-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The transcription factor Nrf2, encoded by the NFE2L2 gene, is an important regulator of the cellular protection against oxidative stress. Parkinson s disease is a neurodegenerative disease highly associated with oxidative stress. In a previously published study, we reported associations of NFE2L2 haplotypes with risk and age at onset of idiopathic Parkinson s disease in a Swedish discovery material and a Polish replication material. Here, we have extended the replication study and performed meta-analyses including the Polish material and four new independent European patient-control materials. Furthermore, all SNPs included in the haplotype windows were investigated individually for associations with Parkinson s disease in meta-analyses including all six materials.Methods: Totally 1038 patients and 1600 control subjects were studied. Based on previous NFE2L2 haplotype associations with Parkinson s disease, five NFE2L2 tag SNPs were genotyped by allelic discrimination and three functional NFE2L2 promoter SNPs were genotyped by sequencing. The impact of individual SNPs and haplotypes on risk and age at onset of Parkinson s disease were investigated in each material individually and in meta-analyses of the obtained results.Results: Meta-analyses of NFE2L2 haplotypes showed association of haplotype GAGCAAAA, including the fully functional promoter haplotype AGC, with decreased risk (OR = 0.8 per allele, p = 0.012) and delayed onset (+ 1.1 years per allele, p = 0.048) of Parkinson s disease. These results support the previously observed protective effect of this haplotype in the first study. Further, meta-analyses of the SNPs included in the haplotypes revealed four NFE2L2 SNPs associated with age at onset of Parkinson s disease (rs7557529 G > A, -1.0 years per allele, p = 0.042; rs35652124 A > G, -1.1 years per allele, p = 0.045; rs2886161 A > G, -1.2 years per allele, p = 0.021; rs1806649 G > A, + 1.2 years per allele, p = 0.029). One of these (rs35652124) is a functional SNP located in the NFE2L2 promoter. No individual SNP was associated with risk of Parkinson s disease.Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis that variation in the NFE2L2 gene, encoding a central protein in the cellular protection against oxidative stress, may contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson s disease. Functional studies are now needed to explore these results further.
|
|
| 33. |
- von Otter, Malin, 1978, et al.
(author)
-
Nrf2-encoding NFE2L2 haplotypes influence disease progression but not risk in Alzheimer's disease and age-related cataract
- 2010
-
In: Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0047-6374 .- 1872-6216. ; 131:2, s. 105-110
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related cataract, disorders characterized by protein aggregation causing late-onset disease, both involve oxidative stress. We hypothesize that common variants of NFE2L2 and KEAP1, the genes encoding the main regulators of the Nrf2 system, an important defence system against oxidative stress, may influence risk of AD and/or age-related cataract. This case-control study combines an AD material (725 cases and 845 controls), and a cataract material (489 cases and 182 controls). Genetic variation in NFE2L2 and KEAP1 was tagged by eight and three tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), respectively. Single SNPs and haplotypes were analyzed for associations with disease risk, age parameters, MMSE and AD cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. NFE2L2 and KEAP1 were not associated with risk of AD or cataract. However, one haplotype allele of NFE2L2 was associated with 2 years earlier age at AD onset (pc 0.013) and 4 years earlier age at surgery for posterior subcapsular cataract (p(c) = 0.019). Another haplotype of NFE2L2 was associated with 4 years later age at surgery for cortical cataract (p(c) = 0.009). Our findings do not support NFE2L2 or KEAP1 as susceptibility genes for AD or cataract. However, common variants of the NFE2L2 gene may affect disease progression, potentially altering clinically recognized disease onset. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 34. |
- Waldenström, Ulla, et al.
(author)
-
Föräldrautbildning under graviditet måste omprövas : Når inte de utsatta - effekten tycks begränsad
- 2011
-
In: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 108:18, s. 979-983
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two recent doctoral theses evaluated antenatal education in Sweden: one compared participants with non-participants in a cohort study including a nationwide sample of 3061 women, and the other compared antenatal education including psychoprophylaxis training with breathing and relaxation techniques to cope with labour pains, with education of similar length and structure but with no such training. This multicenter randomized controlled trial included 1087 women expecting their first baby, and their partners. Approximately 15 % of pregnant women and a lower proportion of men are not reached by antenatal education in Sweden. Non-participants were characterized by non-Swedish speaking background, low level of education, unemployment, unplanned pregnancy, and in multiparas by fear of childbirth. No statistical differences were found between participants and non-participants, and between antenatal education with and without psychoprophylaxis, regarding: epidural analgesia, caesarean section, memory of labour pain, overall experience of childbirth and experience of early parenthood.
|
|
