| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Björklund, Johanna, et al.
(author)
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An efficient best-trees algorithm for weighted tree automata over the tropical semiring
- 2015
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In: Proc. 9th International Conference on Language and Automata Theory and Applications. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 97-108
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We generalise a search algorithm by Mohri and Riley from strings to trees. The original algorithm takes as input a weighted automaton M over the tropical semiring, together with an integer N, and outputs N strings of minimal weight with respect to M. In our setting, M defines a weighted tree language, again over the tropical semiring, and the output is a set of N trees with minimal weight. We prove that the algorithm is correct, and that its time complexity is a low polynomial in N and the relevant size parameters of M.
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| 3. |
- Björklund, Johanna, et al.
(author)
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Efficient enumeration of weighted tree languages over the tropical semiring
- 2019
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In: Journal of computer and system sciences (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0000 .- 1090-2724. ; 104, s. 119-130
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We generalise a search algorithm by Mohri and Riley from strings to trees. The original algorithm takes as input a nondeterministic weighted automaton M over the tropical semiring and an integer N, and outputs N strings of minimal weight with respect to M. In our setting, M is a weighted tree automaton, again over the tropical semiring, and the output is a set of N trees with minimal weight in this language. We prove that the algorithm is correct, and that its time complexity is a low polynomial in N and the relevant size parameters of M.
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| 4. |
- Björklund, Johanna, et al.
(author)
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Syntactic methods for topic-independent authorship attribution
- 2017
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In: Natural Language Engineering. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 1351-3249 .- 1469-8110. ; 23:5, s. 789-806
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The efficacy of syntactic features for topic-independent authorship attribution is evaluated, taking a feature set of frequencies of words and punctuation marks as baseline. The features are 'deep' in the sense that they are derived by parsing the subject texts, in contrast to 'shallow' syntactic features for which a part-of-speech analysis is enough. The experiments are made on two corpora of online texts and one corpus of novels written around the year 1900. The classification tasks include classical closed-world authorship attribution, identification of separate texts among the works of one author, and cross-topic authorship attribution. In the first tasks, the feature sets were fairly evenly matched, but for the last task, the syntax-based feature set outperformed the baseline feature set. These results suggest that, compared to lexical features, syntactic features are more robust to changes in topic.
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| 5. |
- Björklund, Maria, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Roles and Perspectives When Estimating Energy and Environmental Potentials of Urban Consolidation
- 2019
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In: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 12:24, s. 4811-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Urban consolidation centers (UCCs) are presumed to provide more efficient goods distribution in cities and lead to decreased environmental impact and energy usage. There is, however, limited knowledge as to the actual performance of UCCs, and what roles and perspectives the involved actors have in the performance measurement. The overall aim of this paper is to investigate the roles and perspectives of involved actors when estimating and evaluating the performance of UCCs. The article is based on a study of one case that evaluates the performance of a UCC involving several actors. Interviews were triangulated with documents from the case. The results showed that actors have different roles in performance measurements and even if they share a mutual interest in conducting the measurements, they did not share opinions regarding factors such as system limits or performance indicators. The study provides a deeper understanding of the importance of inter-organizational interaction when conducting performance measurements. The study provides additional insights into the roles of the actors and their perspectives in logistics performance measurement that targets energy usage and environmental impact. These aspects are seldom addressed in less complex estimations or mathematical modelling estimations.
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| 6. |
- Björklund, Maria, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Who is driving towards sustainable transportation?
- 2019
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In: Paper presented at the National conference in transport research, Linköping Sweden, October 22-23, 2019. - : Linköping University.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Björklund, Niklas, et al.
(author)
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Erroneous conclusions about current geographical distribution and future expansion of forest insects in Northern Sweden: comments on Hof and Svahlin (2015)
- 2016
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 31, s. 126-127
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We question the validity of the results and the conclusions from a study entitled The potential effect of climate change on the geographical distribution of insect pest species in the Swedish boreal forest that was recently published in Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. The main problem is that for several of the species the current geographical distributions presented in the paper (based on modeling of a limited set of occurrence data) are vastly underestimated compared with distribution maps in standard reference literature and other available occurrence data. As a consequence of that the predicted major future range expansions of these important pest species are also erroneous.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Björklund, Niklas
(author)
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Pest risk assessment of Eotetranychus lewisi for the EU territory
- 2017
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In: EFSA Journal. - : Wiley. - 1831-4732. ; 15
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Based on the pest categorisation prepared by EFSA, E. lewisi has the potential to be both a quarantine pest, as it fulfils all ISPM 11 criteria, and a Non-Regulated Quarantine Pest, as it fulfils all ISPM 21 criteria. However, it is noted that information on the potential impact is very limited. At the same time, the organism is currently regulated only for plants of Citrus L., Fortunella Swingle, Poncirus Raf. and their hybrids. However, the affected host range is broader than what is currently covered. There are major hosts such as plants of Euphorbia, Rubus, Fragaria, Prunus, Vitis, etc. which are not regulated for this specific organism. In the European Union (EU), it has been found, for example, also on plants of Corokia cotoneaster in 1999. The pathways of spreading are numerous. The Working Group recommends to keep this organism as Union Quarantine Pest. To support further decisions on risk reduction options, the PRA process has to continue. In particular, EFSA is asked to focus further work on the probability of entry of the pest (identification of the pathways), its establishment, as well as further spread after its establishment in the EU. It is important to explore as well the reasons for its absence in the EU. Additional information as regards the degree of impact would be also relevant even though the Working Group above acknowledges the absence of data in this respect.
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| 14. |
- Björklund, Niklas, et al.
(author)
-
Rapid Pest Risk Analysis Xyleborinus attenuatus
- 2017
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This rapid pest risk analysis (PRA) provides a quick assessment of the risks posed by the pest to Sweden, which is the PRA area being assessed. The format is an adapted version of the EPPO Express PRA scheme (EPPO 2012). Definition of terms used as well as the rating scheme and assessments are done in line with the guidance given in the EPPO CAPRA system (EPPO 2011). The likelihood of entry and establishment are assessed considering the current phytosanitary regulation in place with respect to the EU legislation (Council Directive 2000/29/EC). The definition of a quarantine pest follows the regulation (EU) 2016/2031.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Fedderwitz, Frauke, et al.
(author)
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Does the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) prefer conifer seedlings over other main food sources?
- 2018
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In: Silva Fennica. - : Finnish Society of Forest Science. - 0037-5330 .- 2242-4075. ; 52
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Adult pine weevils (Hylobius abietis (L.)) feed on the tender bark of branches and roots of mature conifer trees and on the stem bark of conifer seedlings. Their feeding on mature trees does not cause any economic damage, but their feeding on planted seedlings is so devastating that the pine weevil is considered one of the most important forest pest insects in Europe. We asked whether the pine weevil prefers seedlings over other regularly utilized food sources. This question is of particular interest because new approaches to seedling protection are based on decreasing any preference for seedlings by using less palatable plants or by enhancing their defence (by genetic selection or by methyl jasmonate treatment). In a laboratory choice experiment we tested pine weevil feeding preferences for seedlings compared with branches and roots from mature trees (separately for Norway spruce and Scots pine). Pine weevils preferred roots, but not branches, of Norway spruce over seedlings of the same species. With Scots pine there were no clear preferences, but the weevils showed a tendency to prefer roots over seedlings. These results provide support for seedling protection approaches that attempt to redirect pine feeding from planted seedlings to other food sources.
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| 23. |
- Fedderwitz, Frauke, et al.
(author)
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Effects of jasmonate-induced resistance in conifer plants on the feeding behaviour of a bark-chewing insect, Hylobius abietis
- 2016
-
In: Journal of Pest Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4758 .- 1612-4766. ; 89, s. 97-105
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Conifer defences can be induced by exogenous chemical elicitors, thereby reducing damage caused by bark-feeding insects. However, the insect behavioural mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Thus, effects of artificially induced plant defences on feeding behaviour of the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis), a serious forest pest, were examined to explore mechanisms involved in decision- making processes connected to feeding. To induce plant defences, we applied methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a naturally occurring plant hormone, to young Norway spruce (Picea abies) plants. The weevils’ feeding behaviour on plants with and without MeJA treatment was studied in both a no-choice and a choice laboratory experiment. MeJA treatment did not affect the initiation of feeding, but it affected the weevils’ subsequent feeding patterns. In the no-choice experiment, the only observed effect of its treatment was that it reduced the size of the initial feeding scars. In the choice experiment, it reduced both the numbers and sizes of the feeding scars and hence the total debarked area. Thus, the MeJA-induced resistance did not deter the pine weevils from attacking the spruce plants, but reduced the amounts they consumed at one place, which would reduce risks of girdling and plant death. This may be the behavioural mechanism behind the previously recorded increases in survival rates of MeJAtreated plants in the field.
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| 24. |
- Fedderwitz, Frauke, et al.
(author)
-
The structure of feeding behavior in a phytophagous insect (Hylobius abietis)
- 2015
-
In: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - 0013-8703 .- 1570-7458. ; 155, s. 229-239
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Analysis of the feeding behavior of animals using such a high temporal resolution that meals can be defined may improve our understanding of the mechanisms regulating feeding. Meals can be distinguished in an ethologically meaningful manner by using the ‘meal criterion’, the shortest non-feeding interval between feeding bouts recognized as meals. However, such a criterion has only been determined for a few insect species. Applying a recent method developed for assessing meal criteria for vertebrates, we determined the meal criterion for Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on data from video recordings of single individuals feeding on seedlings of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Pinaceae). The pine weevil is an economically important pest insect because it feeds on the stem bark of planted conifer seedlings. Weevils had 4-5 meals per day. Each meal lasted about 24 min during which about 13 mm2 of bark per meal were removed. Females had longer total meal durations and longer non-feeding intervals within meals than males. Girdling seedlings did not affect the weevils’ feeding properties. The size of meals was significantly correlated to the duration of non-feeding intervals before and after them. This study is one of few describing the feeding behavior of an insect at a temporal resolution that allows individual meals to be distinguished. With more meal-related data from insects available, differences in meal properties may be interpreted based on phylogeny, ecology, and physiology. Our results may also assist in the setup and interpretation of studies of plant-insect interactions, and facilitate the evaluation and development of methods to protect plants against herbivores.
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| 25. |
- Lundborg, Lina, 1986-, et al.
(author)
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Induced defenses change the chemical composition of pine seedlings and influence meal properties of the pine weevil Hylobius abietis
- 2016
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In: Phytochemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0031-9422 .- 1873-3700. ; 130, s. 99-105
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The defense of conifers against phytophagous insects relies to a large extent on induced chemical defenses. However, it is not clear how induced changes in chemical composition influence the meal properties of phytophagous insects (and thus damage rates). The defense can be induced experimentally with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), which is a substance that is produced naturally when a plant is attacked. Here we used MeJA to investigate how the volatile contents of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) tissues influence the meal properties of the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis (L.)). Phloem and needles (both weevil target tissues) from MeJA-treated and control seedlings were extracted by n-hexane and analyzed by two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (2D GC-MS). The feeding of pine weevils on MeJA-treated and control seedlings were video-recorded to determine meal properties. Multivariate statistical analyses showed that phloem and needle contents of MeJA-treated seedlings had different volatile compositions compared to control seedlings. Levels of the pine weevil attractant (+)-α-pinene were particularly high in phloem of control seedlings with feeding damage. The antifeedant substance 2-phenylethanol occurred at higher levels in the phloem of MeJA-treated than in control seedlings. Accordingly, pine weevils fed slower and had shorter meals on MeJA-seedlings. The chemical compositions of phloem and needle tissues were clearly different in control seedlings but not in the MeJA-treated seedlings. Consequently, meal durations of mixed meals, i.e. both needles and phloem, were longer than phloem meals on control seedlings, while meal durations on MeJA seedlings did not differ between these meal contents. The meal duration influences the risk of girdling and plant death. Thus our results suggest a mechanism by which MeJA treatment may protect conifer seedlings against pine weevils.
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| 26. |
- Lundborg, Lina, et al.
(author)
-
Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Monoterpenes in Scots Pine and Norway Spruce Tissues Affect Pine Weevil Orientation
- 2016
-
In: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 42:12, s. 1237-1246
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In large parts of Europe, insecticide-free measures for protecting conifer plants are desired to suppress damage by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.). Treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a chemical elicitor already used in crop production, may enhance expression of chemical defenses in seedlings in conifer regenerations. However, in a previous experiment, MeJA treatment resulted in substantially better field protection for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) than for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Hypothesizing that the variations may be at least due partly to volatiles released by MeJA-treated seedlings and their effects on pine weevil orientation, we examined tissue extracts of seedlings (from the same batches as previously used) by two-dimensional GC-MS. We found that the MeJA treatment increased contents of the monoterpene (-)-beta-pinene in phloem (the weevil's main target tissue) of both tree species, however, the (-)-beta-pinene/(-)-alpha-pinene ratio increased more in the phloem of P. sylvestris. We also tested the attractiveness of individual monoterpenes found in conifer tissues (needles and phloem) for pine weevils using an arena with traps baited with single-substance dispensers and pine twigs. Trap catches were reduced when the pine material was combined with a dispenser releasing (-)-beta-pinene, (+)-3-carene, (-)-bornyl acetate or 1,8-cineole. However, (-)-alpha-pinene did not have this effect. Thus, the greater field protection of MeJA-treated P. sylvestris seedlings may be due to the selective induction of increases in contents of the deterrent (-)-beta-pinene, in contrast to strong increases in both non-deterrent (-)-alpha-pinene and the deterrent (-)-beta-pinene in P. abies seedlings.
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| 27. |
- Manak, Vita, et al.
(author)
-
Behavioural responses of pine weevils to non-consumptive interactions with red wood ants
- 2016
-
In: Journal of Zoology. - : Wiley. - 0952-8369 .- 1469-7998. ; 299, s. 10-16
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Non-consumptive effects are increasingly recognized as important in predator-herbivore interactions, with both fundamental and practical implications. Notably, feeding damage to conifer seedlings by pine weevils, Hylobius abietis (L.), which are serious pests in forest regeneration areas, can be decreased by interactions with ants (Formicidae). To probe the behavioural mechanisms underlying such effects, which have rarely been described in predator-herbivore systems, we investigated how the ants influence the weevils' behaviour around planted conifer seedlings in the field. Half of the seedlings were infested with aphids and attended by red wood ants Formica polyctena Forster, whereas the others were used as controls. We asked whether the ants' behaviour towards the weevils differs between these treatments, and whether the weevils' movement behaviour (locomotion, stationary activity and digging) is affected by the treatments and physical interactions with ants. The ants attacked pine weevils more frequently and for longer periods around ant-attended seedlings than around controls. Weevils' locomotion behaviour also increased markedly when attacked by ants. This may increase the likelihood of pine weevils moving away from, and causing less damage to, ant-attended seedlings. This study demonstrates how non-consumptive effects can be explained in terms of a herbivore's responses to a predator's aggressive behaviours.
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| 28. |
- Manak, Vita, et al.
(author)
-
Testing associational resistance against pine weevils mediated by Lasius ants attending conifer seedlings
- 2017
-
In: Journal of Applied Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 141, s. 411-416
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Natural enemies attracted to plants may provide those plants with protection against herbivores but may also protect neighbouring plants, that is through associational resistance. Ant attendance may be an important mechanism for the occurrence of such effects because ants can reduce the damage caused by a wide variety of herbivorous insects. Ants have been shown, in a previous field experiment, to decrease the damage caused by the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a pest species that causes high seedling mortality in forest regeneration areas. In this study, we specifically tested whether seedlings planted close to ant-attended seedlings experience associational resistance. We did this under laboratory conditions using the ant species Lasius niger (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The feeding damage by pine weevils was significantly reduced on seedlings attended by ants. The neighbouring seedlings, however, did not experience associational resistance. Nevertheless, some associational effects were observed as the number of weevils recorded on both ant-attended and neighbouring seedlings was significantly lower compared with ant-excluded seedlings.
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| 29. |
- Manak, Vita, et al.
(author)
-
The effect of red wood ant abundance on feeding damage by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis
- 2015
-
In: Agricultural and Forest Entomology. - : Wiley. - 1461-9555 .- 1461-9563. ; 17, s. 57-63
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Red wood ants (Formica rufa group) are the dominant ant species in European forests that can affect the abundance of other arthropods (e.g. herbivorous insects in tree canopies or beetles on the forest floor). Notably, ants can prevent pine weevils (Hylobius abietis) from feeding on conifer seedlings supplied with food sources for ants. This is a potentially important observation because the weevil is a serious pest in forest regeneration areas. We hypothesized that frequent encounters between red wood ants and pine weevils on the ground may decrease the weevils' feeding on conifer seedlings. To test this hypothesis, we compared feeding damage caused by pine weevils on spruce seedlings in areas with high and low abundance of red wood ants. Despite a four-fold difference in the numbers of ants in pitfall trap samples, there were no significant differences between areas with high and low ant abundance in terms of feeding-scar areas, proportions of attacked seedlings or proportions of killed seedlings. Thus, in contrast to previously documented deterrent effects on ground-dwelling beetles, high abundance of ants on the ground did not influence the feeding activity of pine weevils on the spruce seedlings. We conclude that the mechanisms underlying seedling protection by ants are probably mainly related to the ants' protection of food sources, whereas the frequency of encounters elsewhere has less effect on the weevils' feeding.
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| 30. |
- Möller, Daniel, et al.
(author)
-
För ett bättre Lunds universitet nu
- 2015
-
In: LUM: Lunds Universitets Magasin. - 1653-2295. ; :7, s. 34-34
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Kollektivt författad skrivelse, "För ett bättre Lunds universitet nu", om villkoren för unga forskare vid LU, publicerad i LUM nr 7/2015, s. 34 under rubriken "Ta vara på unga forskares kapacitet!".
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| 31. |
- Nordlander, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Risk of damage by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis in southern Europe: Effects of silvicultural and landscape factors
- 2019
-
In: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 444, s. 290-298
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) is one of the most devastating pests of regenerated coniferous forests in northern and central Europe. Although it is also present and potentially harmful in southern Europe, little attention has been paid to this pest in that region. With the aim of quantifying the potential risk of the pine weevil as a forest pest in southern Europe, we performed an intensive assessment of weevil abundance and damage in 21 Pinus pinaster and P. radiata plantations established in recent coniferous clear-cuts in Galicia (NW Spain), i.e. in the south-western part of the natural distribution of H. abietis. The effect of several silvicultural and landscape factors as modulators of weevil risk was analyzed. Abundance of adult pine weevils was highly variable across the sampling plots, with the number of trapped insects significantly correlated with mean air temperature during each trapping period. Damage rate was, however, fairly constant across the whole study period. No significant relationship between pine weevil abundance and damage was observed. Up to 85% of the planted seedlings were attacked and the mortality rates reached 45% in some plots. No weevil preferences were found between the two pine species. Pine weevil damage was positively related to the amount of slash (logging waste) on the ground and negatively related to the time since clear-felling occurred. Once these factors were accounted for, the abundance of mature coniferous forest in the vicinity (500-2000 m) of the clear-cut significantly and positively affected pine weevil damage. We conclude that a high risk of pine weevil damage does exist in NW Spain. Low-intensity forest management together with the scarcity and discontinuity of mature conifer forest in the region seem to be the reason why this forest pest is largely ignored by forest owners and forest-health services. If the forest sector intensifies in this area, care should be taken to protect pine plantations against this devastating pest.
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| 32. |
- Nordlander, Göran, et al.
(author)
-
Snytbaggen
- 2017
-
In: Skogsskötselserien. ; , s. 46-64
-
Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Snytbaggen gnager av barken på barrträdsplantor men även på tunnare grenar och rötter av större barrträd. Nyplanterade plantor dödas i stor utsträckning genom att gnaget ringbarkar stammen. Omfattande skador av snytbagge har varit ett konstant problem sedan övergången till trakthyggesbruk. Dagens skogsbruk med nya hyggen varje år relativt jämnt fördelade i landskapet ger förutsättningen för en stabilt hög populationsnivå hos snytbaggen. Skadorna som snytbaggen orsakar kostar det svenska skogsbruket hundratals miljoner kronor årligen.
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| 33. |
- Pramling, Niklas, 1973, et al.
(author)
-
Learning, Teaching, and Didaktik
- 2019
-
In: Play-Responsive Teaching in Early Childhood Education. - Cham : Springer. - 2468-8746. - 9783030159580 ; , s. 17-29
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this chapter, our perspective on teaching, learning and didaktik are presented. What we refer to as didaktik highlights issues concerning content and context, and we therefore discuss these notions more closely. © 2019, The Author(s).
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| 34. |
- Pramling, Niklas, et al.
(author)
-
Play-responsive teaching in early childhood education
- 2019
-
Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This open access book develops a theoretical concept of teaching that is relevant to early childhood education, and based on children’s learning and development through play. It discusses theoretical premises and research on playing and learning, and proposes the development of play-responsive didaktik. It examines the processes and products of learning and development, teaching and its phylogenetic and ontogenetic development, as well as the ‘what’ of learning and didaktik. Next, it explores the actions, objects and meaning of play and provides insight into the diversity of beliefs about the practices of play. The book presents ideas on how combined research and development projects can be carried out, providing incentive and a model for practice development and research. The second part of the book consists of empirical studies on teacher’s playing skills and examples of play with very young as well as older children.
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| 35. |
- Pramling, Niklas, 1973, et al.
(author)
-
Play-responsive teaching in early childhood education
- 2019
-
Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This open access book develops a theoretical concept of teaching that is relevant to early childhood education, and based on children’s learning and development through play. It discusses theoretical premises and research on playing and learning, and proposes the development of play-responsive didaktik. It examines the processes and products of learning and development, teaching and its phylogenetic and ontogenetic development, as well as the ‘what’ of learning and didaktik. Next, it explores the actions, objects and meaning of play and provides insight into the diversity of beliefs about the practices of play. The book presents ideas on how combined research and development projects can be carried out, providing incentive and a model for practice development and research. The second part of the book consists of empirical studies on teacher’s playing skills and examples of play with very young as well as older children.Table of contentsPart IDeveloping Play-responsive Didaktik – Mission Impossible?Learning, Teaching, and DidaktikPlaying, Playworlds, and Early Childhood EducationA Combined Research and Development ProjectPart IIThe Lava-Shark: Teachers Attempting to Enter Children’s PlayThe Lion and the Mouse: How and Why Teachers Succeed in Becoming Participants in Children’s Ongoing PlayGoldilocks and Her Motorcycle: Establishing Narrative FramesThe Triangle-Lady and Billy Goats Gruff: Constituting Contents for Learning in PlayWhen Kroko-the-Crocodile Got SickThe Magical Fruits: Establishing a Narrative Play Frame for Mutual Problem SolvingThe Letter Thief: From Playing to Teaching to Learning to PlayingPart IIIA Play-responsive Early Childhood Education didaktik
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| 36. |
- Pramling, Niklas, et al.
(author)
-
Play-responsive teaching in early childhood education
- 2019
-
Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This open access book develops a theoretical concept of teaching that is relevant to early childhood education, and based on children’s learning and development through play. It discusses theoretical premises and research on playing and learning, and proposes the development of play-responsive didaktik. It examines the processes and products of learning and development, teaching and its phylogenetic and ontogenetic development, as well as the ‘what’ of learning and didaktik. Next, it explores the actions, objects and meaning of play and provides insight into the diversity of beliefs about the practices of play. The book presents ideas on how combined research and development projects can be carried out, providing incentive and a model for practice development and research. The second part of the book consists of empirical studies on teacher’s playing skills and examples of play with very young as well as older children.
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| 37. |
- Pramling, Niklas, et al.
(author)
-
Playing, Playworlds, and Early Childhood Education
- 2019
-
In: International Perspectives on Early Childhood Education and Development. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 31-54
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- In this chapter, we review empirical research on play and learning in ECEC, highlighting some studies that are of more general interest to our present study. We also review work on conceptualizing and valuing play, and we position the present study in relation to some particularly important previous studies.
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| 38. |
- Pramling, Niklas, 1973, et al.
(author)
-
The Letter Thief: From Playing to Teaching to Learning to Playing
- 2019
-
In: Play-Responsive Teaching in Early Childhood Education. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2468-8746.
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this chapter, we show how a learning content can be introduced in a child-initiated play frame, without interrupting the play. The chapter therefore gives an example of how what is sometimes referred to as academic content can be promoted through such activity. The analysis clarifies how reading and graphical symbols become structuring resources in children’s play. A real-world problem (as is) is introduced and managed within the fictional realm of play (as if). © 2019, The Author(s).
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| 39. |
- Pramling, Niklas, 1973, et al.
(author)
-
The Lion and the Mouse: How and Why Teachers Succeed in Becoming Participants in Children’s Ongoing Play
- 2019
-
In: Play-Responsive Teaching in Early Childhood Education. - Cham : Springer. - 2468-8746. - 9783030159580 ; , s. 87-96
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this chapter, we investigate preschool teachers’ attempts to participate when children are already engaged in playing (alone or with playmates), and we focus on when and why teachers seem to succeed (or not) in their attempts to enter such play. © 2019, The Author(s).
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| 40. |
- Pramling, Niklas, 1973, et al.
(author)
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The Magical Fruits: Establishing a Narrative Play Frame for Mutual Problem Solving
- 2019
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In: Play-Responsive Teaching in Early Childhood Education. - Cham : Springer. - 2468-8746. - 9783030159580 ; , s. 137-151
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this chapter, we analyze a prolonged activity from initiation to conclusion, focusing on (i) how the teacher establishes a narrative, imaginary, frame for the activity, (ii) how children participate and contribute to this activity, (iii) what didaktikal challenges are actualized and what support the children are given in the activity, including what contents are constituted, and (iv) what the implications of the activity are for children’s development. © 2019, The Author(s).
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| 41. |
- Pramling Samuelsson, Ingrid, 1946, et al.
(author)
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Synspunkt
- 2019
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In: Barn. - 2535-5449. ; 37:1, s. 119-122
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)
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| 42. |
- Puentes, Adriana, et al.
(author)
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Novel Avenues for Plant Protection: Plant Propagation by Somatic Embryogenesis Enhances Resistance to Insect Feeding
- 2018
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In: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Somatic embryogenesis (SE), a clonal propagation method utilizing somatic cells, occurs under conditions that activate plant stress adaptation mechanisms such as production of protective secondary metabolites. Surprisingly, possible differences in susceptibility to insect pests between SE-generated and conventionally cultivated plants have not been previously explored. Here, we recorded frequencies and levels of bark-feeding damage by pine weevils (Hylobius abietis) in two large field trials, consisting of emblings (SE-propagated plants) and seedlings from 50 half-sib Norway spruce (Picea abies) families. We found that emblings were less frequently attacked by pine weevils, and when attacked, they were damaged to a lesser extent than seedlings. Moreover, we detected significant additive genetic variation in damage levels received by plants, indicating a heritable component to differences in resistance to insect herbivory among half-sib families. We present first-time evidence that emblings can be more resistant than seedlings to herbivorous insect damage, thus, SE appears to confer a previously unknown plant protection advantage. This finding indicates novel avenues to explore mechanisms underlying plant resistance and new approaches to develop non-toxic measures against insect pests.
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| 43. |
- Ülgen, Veronica, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Inter-organizational supply chain interaction for sustainability : a systematic literature review
- 2019
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In: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 11:19, s. 1-25
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research on inter-organizational supply chain interaction (IOSCI) for sustainability can be described as fast-growing and fragmented. It is uncertain to what extent logistics and supply chain management (SCM) literature has been able to close research gaps regarding e.g., empirical scope and sustainability dimensions addressed. A systematic literature review (SLR) is carried out to synthesize the existing knowledge and ongoing trends, and to propose a research agenda. The trend analysis shows that the gap between the environmental and social dimension is increasing, that Asian studies grow nearly exponentially, and that the focal firm perspective gains more ground. The research agenda calls for participatory studies of multiple actors and for studies addressing, e.g., the invisible logistics service providers. This study provides an important complement to existing literature reviews on sustainable supply chain interaction, primarily by its focus on the development over time, the empirical scope, the focus on publications in logistics/SCM journals, and its narrow focus on the interaction among firms in supply chains.
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| 44. |
- Wallertz, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of different site preparation techniques: quality of planting spots, seedling growth and pine weevil damage
- 2018
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In: New Forests. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-4286 .- 1573-5095. ; 49, s. 705-722
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In northern Europe, there are high risks of severe pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) damage to newly planted conifer seedlings. Site preparation is one of the most important measures for reducing these risks and as several studies have shown the damage is highly dependent on the amount of pure mineral soil around the seedlings. We investigated effects of three site preparation techniques: (1) disc trenching with a conventional Bracke T26, (2) MidiFlex unit and (3) soil inversion with a Karl Oskar unit on characteristics of the planting spots, growth and pine weevil damage and survival rates of untreated and insecticide treated planted Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings. All three site preparation techniques reduced pine weevil damage in comparison with no site preparation, and the proportion of spots with pure mineral soil they created was inversely related to the rate of mortality caused by pine weevil. The results indicate that the quality of the planting spots depends on the technique used. In areas where pine weevil is the major threat to seedling survival, the amount of mineral soil in the planting spots is the most important factor in order to protect the seedling from damage. Without site preparation most planting spots consisted of undisturbed humus. Generally, the Karl-Oskar created the most spots with pure mineral soil, but on very stony soils the Bracke T26 created more mineral soil spots than other methods. Site preparation is a valuable tool in order to improve survival in regeneration areas and it is of great importance to make the right choice of technique depending on the particular circumstances on the actual site.
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| 45. |
- Zas, Rafael, et al.
(author)
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Genetic variation in resistance of Norway spruce seedlings to damage by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis
- 2017
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In: Tree Genetics & Genomes. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1614-2942 .- 1614-2950. ; 13:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Regeneration of northern conifer forests is commonly performed by reforestation with genetically improved materials obtained from long-term breeding programs focused on productivity and timber quality. Sanitary threats can, however, compromise the realization of the expected genetic gain. Including pest resistance traits in the breeding programs may contribute to a sustainable protection. Here we quantified the variation in different components of resistance of Norway spruce to its main pest, the pine weevil Hylobius abietis. We followed insect damage in two large progeny trials (52 open-pollinated families with 100-200 individuals per family and trial) naturally infested by the pine weevil. Pine weevils damaged between 17 and 48% of the planted seedlings depending on the trial and year, and mortality due to weevil damage was up to 11.4%. The results indicate significant genetic variation in resistance to the pine weevil, and importantly, the variation was highly consistent across trials irrespective of contrasting incidence levels. Individual heritability estimates for the different components of seedling resistance were consistently low, but family heritabilities were moderate (0.53 to 0.81). While forward selections and breeding for higher resistance seem not feasible, backwards selections of the best parent trees emerge as a putative alternative to reduce weevil damage. A positive genetic correlation between early growth potential and probability of being attacked by the weevil was also observed, but the relationship was weak and appeared only in one of the trials. Overall, results presented here open the door to a new attractive way for reducing damage caused by this harmful pest.
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| 46. |
- Zechner, Niklas, 1984-
(author)
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A novel approach to text classification
- 2017
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis explores the foundations of text classification, using both empirical and deductive methods, with a focus on author identification and syntactic methods. We strive for a thorough theoretical understanding of what affects the effectiveness of classification in general. To begin with, we systematically investigate the effects of some parameters on the accuracy of author identification. How is the accuracy affected by the number of candidate authors, and the amount of data per candidate? Are there differences in how methods react to the changes in parameters? Using the same techniques, we see indications that methods previously thought to be topic-independent might not be so, but that syntactic methods may be the best option for avoiding topic dependence. This means that previous studies may have overestimated the power of lexical methods. We also briefly look for ways of spotting which particular features might be the most effective for classification. Apart from author identification, we apply similar methods to identifying properties of the author, including age and gender, and attempt to estimate the number of distinct authors in a text sample. In all cases, the techniques are proven viable if not overwhelmingly accurate, and we see that lexical and syntactic methods give very similar results. In the final parts, we see some results of automata theory that can be of use for syntactic analysis and classification. First, we generalise a known algorithm for finding a list of the best-ranked strings according to a weighted automaton, to doing the same with trees and a tree automaton. This result can be of use for speeding up parsing, which often runs in several steps, where each step needs several trees from the previous as input. Second, we use a compressed version of deterministic finite automata, known as failure automata, and prove that finding the optimal compression is NP-complete, but that there are efficient algorithms for finding good approximations. Third, we find and prove the derivatives of regular expressions with cuts. Derivatives are an operation on expressions to calculate the remaining expression after reading a given symbol, and cuts are an extension to regular expressions found in many programming languages. Together, these findings may be able to improve on the syntactic analysis which we have seen is a valuable tool for text classification.
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| 47. |
- Öhrn, Petter, et al.
(author)
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Occurrence, performance and shoot damage of Tomicus piniperda in pine stands in southern Sweden after storm-felling
- 2018
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In: Journal of Applied Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 142, s. 854-862
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.), is considered one of the most destructive pests of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.), in Europe. At high population densities, its feeding in the shoots of living pine trees may lead to substantial shoot and subsequent growth losses. After a storm-felling in southern Sweden in January 2005, there were high amounts of breeding material and a subsequent risk for bark beetle outbreaks. To study the beetle's reproductive success, population levels and risks for growth losses, we analysed bark samples of colonized trees, and counted fallen pine shoots. During the first season after the storm-felling, the pine shoot beetle population level was low. However, due to high reproductive success beetle numbers markedly increased in the second season, and there were high rates of successful colonization of available host material in following years. Shoot damage levels concomitantly rose in 2005-2006, then declined in 2007 and 2008. However, the accumulated shoot losses do not indicate any subsequent growth losses, as the recorded shoot damage levels were below those earlier seen in connection with growth reductions in damaged pine stands.
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