| 1. |
- Galluzzi, L, et al.
(author)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring cell death in higher eukaryotes.
- 2009
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In: Cell death and differentiation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5403 .- 1350-9047. ; 16:8, s. 1093-107
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cell death is essential for a plethora of physiological processes, and its deregulation characterizes numerous human diseases. Thus, the in-depth investigation of cell death and its mechanisms constitutes a formidable challenge for fundamental and applied biomedical research, and has tremendous implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. It is, therefore, of utmost importance to standardize the experimental procedures that identify dying and dead cells in cell cultures and/or in tissues, from model organisms and/or humans, in healthy and/or pathological scenarios. Thus far, dozens of methods have been proposed to quantify cell death-related parameters. However, no guidelines exist regarding their use and interpretation, and nobody has thoroughly annotated the experimental settings for which each of these techniques is most appropriate. Here, we provide a nonexhaustive comparison of methods to detect cell death with apoptotic or nonapoptotic morphologies, their advantages and pitfalls. These guidelines are intended for investigators who study cell death, as well as for reviewers who need to constructively critique scientific reports that deal with cellular demise. Given the difficulties in determining the exact number of cells that have passed the point-of-no-return of the signaling cascades leading to cell death, we emphasize the importance of performing multiple, methodologically unrelated assays to quantify dying and dead cells.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 5. |
- Hildebrand, A, et al.
(author)
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Elastic neutron scattering at 96 MeV
- 2005
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In: Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology: Santa Fé, New Mexico, USA, September 26-October 1, 2004. ; , s. 853-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 6. |
- Maeda, Y., et al.
(author)
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Differential cross section and analyzing power measurements for (n)over-right-arrowd elastic scattering at 248 MeV
- 2007
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 76:1, s. 014004-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The differential cross sections and vector analyzing powers for nd elastic scattering at E-n=248 MeV were measured for 10 degrees-180 degrees in the center-of-mass (c.m.) system. To cover the wide angular range, the experiments were performed separately by using two different setups for forward and backward angles. The data are compared with theoretical results based on Faddeev calculations with realistic nucleon-nucleon (NN) forces such as AV18, CD Bonn, and Nijmegen I and II, and their combinations with the three-nucleon forces (3NFs), such as Tucson-Melbourne 99 (TM99), Urbana IX, and the coupled-channel potential with Delta-isobar excitation. Large discrepancies are found between the experimental cross sections and theory with only 2N forces for theta(c.m.)>90 degrees. The inclusion of 3NFs brings the theoretical cross sections closer to the data but only partially explains this discrepancy. For the analyzing power, no significant improvement is found when 3NFs are included. Relativistic corrections are shown to be small for both the cross sections and the analyzing powers at this energy. For the cross sections, these effects are mostly seen in the very backward angles. Compared with the pd cross section data, quite significant differences are observed at all scattering angles that cannot be explained only by the Coulomb interaction, which is usually significant at small angles.
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| 7. |
- Murin, Y, et al.
(author)
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SEE-Related Studies at CELSIUS
- 2005
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In: Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Nuclear Physics at Storage Rings (STORI’05), Bonn. ; , s. 153-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 8. |
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| 11. |
- Tippawan, U, et al.
(author)
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Light-ion production in the interaction of 96 MeV neutrons with carbon
- 2009
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 79:6, s. 064611-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Double-differential cross sections for light-ion (p, d, t, He-3, and alpha) production in carbon induced by 96 MeV neutrons have been measured at eight laboratory angles from 20(degrees) to 160(degrees) in steps of 20(degrees). Experimental techniques are presented as well as procedures for data taking and data reduction. Deduced energy-differential, angle-differential, and production cross sections are reported. Experimental cross sections are compared with theoretical reaction model calculations and experimental data in the literature. The measured particle data show marked discrepancies from the results of the model calculations in spectral shape and magnitude. The measured production cross sections for protons, deuterons, tritons, He-3, and alpha particles support the trends suggested by data at lower energies..
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| 12. |
- Zhu, Changlian, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Cyclophilin A participates in the nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor in neurons after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia
- 2007
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In: J Exp Med. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 0022-1007. ; 204:8, s. 1741-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Upon cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (HI), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) can move from mitochondria to nuclei, participate in chromatinolysis, and contribute to the execution of cell death. Previous work (Cande, C., N. Vahsen, I. Kouranti, E. Schmitt, E. Daugas, C. Spahr, J. Luban, R.T. Kroemer, F. Giordanetto, C. Garrido, et al. 2004. Oncogene. 23:1514-1521) performed in vitro suggests that AIF must interact with cyclophilin A (CypA) to form a proapoptotic DNA degradation complex. We addressed the question as to whether elimination of CypA may afford neuroprotection in vivo. 9-d-old wild-type (WT), CypA(+/-), or CypA(-/-) mice were subjected to unilateral cerebral HI. The infarct volume after HI was reduced by 47% (P = 0.0089) in CypA(-/-) mice compared with their WT littermates. Importantly, CypA(-/-) neurons failed to manifest the HI-induced nuclear translocation of AIF that was observed in WT neurons. Conversely, CypA accumulated within the nuclei of damaged neurons after HI, and this nuclear translocation of CypA was suppressed in AIF-deficient harlequin mice. Immunoprecipitation of AIF revealed coprecipitation of CypA, but only in injured, ischemic tissue. Surface plasmon resonance revealed direct molecular interactions between recombinant AIF and CypA. These data indicate that the lethal translocation of AIF to the nucleus requires interaction with CypA, suggesting a model in which two proteins that normally reside in separate cytoplasmic compartments acquire novel properties when moving together to the nucleus.
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| 13. |
- Öhrn, Angelica, et al.
(author)
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Elastic scattering of 96 MeV neutrons from iron, yttrium, and lead
- 2008
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 77:2, s. 024605-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Data on elastic scattering of 96 MeV neutrons from Fe-56, Y-89, and Pb-208 in the angular interval 10-70 degrees are reported. The previously published data on Pb-208 have been extended, as a new method has been developed to obtain more information from data, namely to increase the number of angular bins at the most forward angles. A study of the deviation of the zero-degree cross section from Wick's limit has been performed. It was shown that the data on Pb-208 are in agreement with Wick's limit while those on the lighter nuclei overshoot the limit significantly. The results are compared with modern optical model predictions, based on phenomenology and microscopic nuclear theory. The data on Fe-56, Y-89, and Pb-208 are in general in good agreement with the model predictions.
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| 14. |
- Österlund, m, et al.
(author)
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Tomography of canisters for spent nuclear fuel
- 2006
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In: International workshop on Fast Neutron Detectors and Applications,Cape Town, South Africa, April 3-6, 2006. ; , s. 030-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 15. |
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| 18. |
- Blomgren, K. J., et al.
(author)
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Interviewer variability - quality aspects in a case-control study
- 2006
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In: Eur J Epidemiol. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 21:4, s. 267-77
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Quality assurance and quality control are important for the reliability of case-control studies. Here we describe the procedures used in a previously published study, with emphasis on interviewer variability. To evaluate risk factors for acute pancreatitis, information including previous diagnoses and medication was collected from medical records and by telephone interviews from 462 cases and 1781 controls. Quality assurance procedures included education and training of interviewers and data validity checks. Quality control included a classification test, annual test interviews, expert case validation, and database validation. We found pronounced variations between interviewers. The maximal number of interviews per day varied from 3 to 9. The adjusted average (95% CI) number of diagnoses captured per interview of cases was 4.1 (3.8-4.3) and of controls 3.5 (3.4-3.7) (excluding one deviating interviewer). For drugs, the average (95% CI) number per interview was 3.9 (3.7-4.1) for cases and 3.3 (3.2-3.4) for controls (excluding one deviating interviewer). One of the fourteen interviewers deviated significantly from the others, and more so for controls than for cases. This interviewer's data ;were excluded. Nonetheless, data concerning controls more frequently needed correction and supplementation than for cases. Erroneous coding of diagnoses and medication was also more frequent among controls. Thus, a system for quality control of coding practices is crucial. Variability in interviewers' ability to ascertain information is a possible source of bias in interview-based case-control studies when "blinding" cannot be achieved.
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| 22. |
- Jaderstrom, H., et al.
(author)
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200 and 300 MeV/nucleon nuclear reactions responsible for single-event effects in microelectronics
- 2008
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 77:4, s. 44601-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An experimental study of nuclear reactions between Si-28 nuclei at 200 and 300 MeV/nucleon and hydrogen or deuterium target nuclei was performed at the CELSIUS storage ring in Uppsala, Sweden, to collect information about the reactions responsible for single-event effects in microelectronics. Inclusive data on Si-28 fragmentation, as well as data on correlations between recoils and spectator protons or alpha particles are compared to predictions from the Dubna cascade model and the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute version of the quantum molecular dynamics model. The comparison shows satisfactory agreement for inclusive data except for He fragments where low-energy sub-barrier fragments and recoiling fragments with very large momenta are produced much more frequently than predicted. The yield of exclusive data are also severely underestimated by the models whereas the charge distributions of recoils in these correlations compare well. The observed enhancement in He emission, which may well be important for the description of single-event effects, is most likely to be attributed to alpha clustering in Si-28 nuclei.
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| 29. |
- Northington, F. J., et al.
(author)
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Failure to complete apoptosis following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia manifests as "continuum" phenotype of cell death and occurs with multiple manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction in rodent forebrain
- 2007
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In: Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4522. ; 149:4, s. 822-33
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Controversy surrounds proper classification of neurodegeneration occurring acutely following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). By ultrastructural classification, in the first 24 h after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in the 7-day-old (p7) rat, the majority of striatal cells die having both apoptotic and necrotic features. There is formation of a functional apoptosome, and activation of caspases-9 and -3 occurring simultaneously with loss of structurally intact mitochondria to 34.7+/-25% and loss of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity to 34.7+/-12.7% of control levels by 3 h after hypoxia-ischemia. There is also loss of the mitochondrial motor protein, kinesin. This combination of activation of apoptosis pathways simultaneous with significant mitochondrial dysfunction may cause incomplete packaging of nuclear and cytoplasmic contents and a hybrid of necrotic and apoptotic features. Evidence for an intermediate biochemistry of cell death including expression of the 17 kDa isoform of caspase-3 in dying neurons lacking a classic apoptotic morphology and degradation of the neuronal cytoskeletal protein spectrin by caspase-3 and calcium-activated calpains yielding 120 kDa and 145/150 kDa fragments, respectively, is also found. In summary, neonatal hypoxia-ischemia triggers apoptotic cascades, and simultaneously causes mitochondrial structural and functional failure. The presence of a "continuum" phenotype of cell death that varies on a cell-by-cell basis suggests that the phenotype of cell death is dependent on the energy available to drive the apoptotic pathways to completion.
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| 30. |
- Pomp, Stephan, et al.
(author)
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Neutron-induced light-ion production from Fe, Pb and U at 96 MeV
- 2007
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In: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 126:1-4, s. 123-125
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Double-differential cross-sections for light-ion production (up to A = 4) induced by 96 MeV neutrons have been measured for Fe, Pb and U. The experiments have been performed at The Svedberg Laboratory in Uppsala, using two independent devices, MEDLEY and SCANDAL. The recorded data cover a wide angular range (20 degrees-160 degrees) with low energy thresholds. The data have been normalised to obtain cross-sections using up elastic scattering events. The latter have been recorded with the same setup, and results for this measurement are reported. The work was performed within the HINDAS collaboration with the primary aim of improving the database for three of the most important nuclei for incineration of nuclear waste with accelerator-driven systems. The obtained cross-section data are of particular interest for the understanding of the so-called pre-equilibrium stage in a nuclear reaction and will be compared with model calculations.
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| 31. |
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| 33. |
- Sarsour, M., et al.
(author)
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Measurement of the Absolute Differential Cross Section for np Elastic Scattering at 194 MeV
- 2006
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 74:4, s. 044003-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A tagged medium-energy neutron beam was used in a precise measurement of the absolute differential cross section for np backscattering. The results resolve significant discrepancies within the np database concerning the angular dependence in this regime. The experiment has determined the absolute normalization with +/- 1.5% uncertainty, suitable to verify constraints of supposedly comparable precision that arise from the rest of the database in partial wave analyses. The analysis procedures, especially those associated with the evaluation of systematic errors in the experiment, are described in detail so that systematic uncertainties may be included in a reasonable way in subsequent partial wave analysis fits incorporating the present results.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Tippawan, Udomrat, et al.
(author)
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Light charged-particle production in 96 MeV neutron-induced reactions on carbon and oxygen
- 2007
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In: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 126:1-4, s. 35-39
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years, an increasing number of applications involving fast neutrons have been developed or are under consideration, e.g. radiation treatment of cancer, neutron dosimetry at commercial aircraft altitudes, soft-error effects in computer memories, accelerator-driven transmutation of nuclear waste and energy production and determination of the response of neutron detectors. Data on light-ion production in tight nuclei such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen are particularly important in calculations of dose distributions in human tissue for radiation therapy at neutron beams, and for dosimetry of high-energy neutrons produced by high-energy cosmic radiation interacting with nuclei (nitrogen and oxygen) in the atmosphere. When studying neutron dose effects, it is especially important to consider carbon and oxygen, since they are, by weight, the most abundant elements in human tissue. Preliminary experimental double-differential cross sections of inclusive light-ion (p, d, t, He-3 and alpha) production in carbon induced by 96-MeV neutrons have been presented. Energy spectra were measured at eight laboratory angles: 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 degrees. Measurements were performed at The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL), Uppsala, using the dedicated MEDLEY experimental setup. The authors have earlier reported experimental double-differential cross sections of inclusive light-ion production in oxygen. In this paper, the deduced kerma coefficients for oxygen has been presented and compared with reaction model calculations.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Öhrn, A, et al.
(author)
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Elastic neutron scattering at 96 MeV
- 2007
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In: International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology,Nice, France, April 22-27, 2007 (accepted).
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 43. |
- Blomgren, J
(author)
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Biomedical aspects of high-energy neutrons
- 2006
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In: EU enlargement workshop on Neutron Measurements, Evaluations and Applications, Borovets, Bulgaria, October 25-28, 2006 (invited. - 928948618X ; , s. 1-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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