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- Byerley, Andrew, 1965-
(author)
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Drawing white elephants in Africa? Re-contextualizing Ernst May’s Kampala plans in relation to the fraught political realities of late-colonial rule
- 2019
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In: Planning Perspectives. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0266-5433 .- 1466-4518. ; 34:4, s. 643-666
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 1945/1946, the Colonial Administration in Uganda commissioned Ernst May – planner of Das Neue Frankfurt (1926–1930) – to design the Kampala Extension Scheme and the smaller Wandegeya Development Scheme. The past decade has seen increasing scholarly interest in the neglected ‘African’ episode of Mays planning oeuvre, but this literature has not explicitly examined how May’s planning articulated with the fraught political realities of late-colonial rule. Utilizing previously undocumented archive material and a theoretical frame informed by governmentality studies, this paper examines these articulations, particularly those relating to tensions and contradictions in Colonial government arising from the would-be turning-point from indirect rule to a bio-political rationality of development and welfare. It is shown that while May’s submitted plans spoke directly to the tropes of urban improvement, African detribalization and labour stabilization, which informed the ‘turning point’ in colonial policy, May’s elaborate socio-spatial interventions and the style in which these enunciated racial difference proved unpalatable to a colonial administration stifled by the rationality of the economic domain of government, by constraints on how difference could be enunciated and by African urban politics.
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- Byerley, Andrew, 1965
(author)
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The Rise of the Compound-Hostel-Location Assemblage as Infrastructure of South African Colonial Power: The Case of Walvis Bay 1915-1960
- 2015
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In: Journal of Southern African Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0305-7070 .- 1465-3893. ; 41:3, s. 519-539
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The 'infrastructural turn' in social science conceives of infrastructure as having a political life; it is deployed to confer and maintain political authority, but it is also generative of 'the political'. This article articulates this basic premise with the contention that space and circulation are integral to apparatuses of power, specifically in terms of orchestrating and stabilising what Foucault termed 'the right disposition of men and things, arranged so as to lead to a convenient end'.1 Based on archival study in Namibia and South Africa, the article examines the changing spatial disposition of African 'men and things' at Walvis Bay between 1915 and 1960, and how these articulated with the changing 'convenient ends' of African urban administration in Namibia. It demonstrates how problematisations in the activity of governing urban Africans during this period provoked the contested rise of key colonial urban political infrastructure - the compound-hostel-location assemblage. Research has shown how South Africa's Department of Native Affairs (DNA), particularly in its focus on urban housing, was central to the state's project of 'internal colonialism'.2 This article shows how, especially from 1954, the DNA's role extended to 'external colonialism', particularly so in Walvis Bay, a town castigated for its chaotic existence.
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- Kalyukin, Alexander, 1989-, et al.
(author)
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The second generation of post-socialist change: Gorky Park and public space in Moscow
- 2015
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In: Urban Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0272-3638 .- 1938-2847. ; 36:5, s. 674-695
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, public spaces in Moscow and in other post-socialist cities underwent dramatic changes in line with the wider adaptation to the market economy, epitomized in processes of privatization and commercialization. Most recently, however, these processes have been overshadowed by a "second generation" of post-socialist change that entails the recasting of the very conception of the public and public space. In this paper, we analyze these transformations in Moscow through a case study of the reconstruction of Gorky Park. The case study builds upon extensive empirical material collected through qualitative interviews, document and media studies, and on-site observations. It is shown that despite appealing to ideas of openness, livability and the public good, the park reconstruction in fact entails the production of socially divisive urban space that prioritizes consumerism at the cost of less-scripted and diverse public life.
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- Lindell, Ilda, et al.
(author)
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Governing urban informality : re-working spaces and subjects in Kampala, Uganda
- 2019
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In: IDPR. International Development Planning Review. - : Liverpool University Press. - 1474-6743 .- 1478-3401. ; 41:1, s. 63-84
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article addresses evolving ways of governing urban informality that increasingly draw upon the management of space. Drawing inspiration from governmentality studies, the article examines contemporary governmental strategies of spatial enclosure and expulsion deployed upon street vendors in Kampala, in the context of an ambitious urban transformation agenda and a recentralisation of political authority. The article uncovers the complex configuration of actors involved in the realisation and contestation of such spatial strategies, the messy political interactions and the multiple lines of tension they generate, thus questioning simplistic conceptual oppositions and coherent categories. The contradictory agency of the vendors comes to light, encompassing both resistance and active participation in their own enclosure. The state, far from operating as a cohesive repressive force, emerges as deeply divided around the fate of street vendors, suggesting that ways of governing informality play a central role in struggles for power among state actors. The article also explores the outcomes of dominant spatial strategies of governance in Kampala, both in terms of the effects on the targeted population and of the limits of these strategies for the intended transformation of the city.
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- Lindell, Ilda, et al.
(author)
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New City visions and the politics of redevelopment in Dar es Salaam
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In the midst of widespread urban deprivation, African governments increasingly give priority to large-scale ultra-modern urban projects, intended to increase national income and propel their urban settlements onto the global stage of ‘world-class’ cities. However, such projects are often in tension with the realities of local residents.
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| 7. |
- Lindell, Ilda, et al.
(author)
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New City Visions and the Politics of Redevelopment in Dar es Salaam
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In the midst of widespread urban deprivation, African governments increasingly give priority to large-scale ultra-modern urban projects, intended to increase national income and propel their urban settlements onto the global stage of ‘world-class’ cities. However, such projects are often in tension with the realities of local residents. This study explores one such initiative, a redevelopment project, the Kigamboni New City, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It discusses the vision, intentions and rationales behind the project, as well as the tensions that the plans gave rise to, as residents in the area were to be resettled or displaced to make way for the New City. It shows that the urban vision underlying the New City project took shape without taking the different realities and desires of the local residents of Kigamboni into consideration. The study discusses how residents perceived and acted upon the redevelopment plans. A local organization claiming to represent the people of Kigamboni was mainly concerned with issues of compensation and the particular interests of landholders, and seemed to marginalize women and the concerns of tenants. The difficulties surrounding implementation of the futuristic plans finally brought them to a standstill, leaving the remaining residents in a state of uncertainty about the future. The paper is based on ethnographic fieldwork, including interviews with urban planners and local residents, as well as analysis of urban plans and other relevant documents.
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- Zhang, Qian, 1977-
(author)
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Pastoralists and the Environmental State : A study of ecological resettlement in Inner Mongolia, China
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- China's quest for sustainable development has given birth to a set of contested ‘ecological construction’ programmes. Focusing on ‘ecological resettlement’, a type of policy measure in a programme for restoring degraded grasslands, this thesis sets out a critical analysis in opposition to the dominant technical and managerial approaches to understanding environmentalisation. The aim is to draw out the politics of the formulation, implementation and effects of ecological resettlement at and across different scales. The study combines fieldwork, interviews, analysis of policy documents, and statistical analysis while theoretically, in addition to political ecology, it incorporates concepts and models from environmental governance, migration, and pastoralism studies. Environmentalisation is examined through three types of analysis: environmentalisation of the state, reshaping of state-society relations, and (re)territorialisation. A central theme is how local processes are linked to national considerations and how the local state acts as an intermediary between the central state and the pastoralists. The analysis exposes the practices that enabled the central state to define the problem of grasslands and devise interventions, illustrating the environmentalisation of the state. However, at the local level, incentives and interests defined by the political structure drove the developmental local state to pursue short-term-effective rather than sustainable practices. On the other hand, while the pastoral households responded to the projects with different strategies, their migration decisions suggested that social, economic and cultural considerations played a more important role than environmental concerns. Moreover, ecological resettlement has led to a significant change of Mongolian pastoralism. Land-tenure-based management further fragmented rangelands while the emergence of new social arrangements enabled migrant households to remain involved with pastoralism.
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