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1.	Adriani, O., et al. (författare) Cosmic-Ray Electron Flux Measured by the PAMELA Experiment between 1 and 625 GeV 2011 Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 106:20, s. 201101- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Precision measurements of the electron component in the cosmic radiation provide important information about the origin and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. Here we present new results regarding negatively charged electrons between 1 and 625 GeV performed by the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA. This is the first time that cosmic-ray e(-) have been identified above 50 GeV. The electron spectrum can be described with a single power-law energy dependence with spectral index -3.18 +/- 0.05 above the energy region influenced by the solar wind (> 30 GeV). No significant spectral features are observed and the data can be interpreted in terms of conventional diffusive propagation models. However, the data are also consistent with models including new cosmic-ray sources that could explain the rise in the positron fraction.
2.	Adriani, O., et al. (författare) Cosmic-Ray Positron Energy Spectrum Measured by PAMELA 2013 Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 111:8, s. 081102- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Precision measurements of the positron component in the cosmic radiation provide important information about the propagation of cosmic rays and the nature of particle sources in our Galaxy. The satellite-borne experiment PAMELA has been used to make a new measurement of the cosmic-ray positron flux and fraction that extends previously published measurements up to 300 GeV in kinetic energy. The combined measurements of the cosmic-ray positron energy spectrum and fraction provide a unique tool to constrain interpretation models. During the recent solar minimum activity period from July 2006 to December 2009, approximately 24 500 positrons were observed. The results cannot be easily reconciled with purely secondary production, and additional sources of either astrophysical or exotic origin may be required.
3.	Adriani, O., et al. (författare) Measurement of the flux of primary cosmic ray antiprotons with energies of 60 MeV to 350 GeV in the PAMELA experiment 2013 Ingår i: JETP Letters. - 0021-3640 .- 1090-6487. ; 96:10, s. 621-627 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract It is interesting to measure the antiproton galactic component in cosmic rays in order to study the mechanisms by which particles and antiparticles are generated and propagate in the Galaxy and to search for new sources of, e.g., annihilation or decay of dark matter hypothetical particles. The antiproton spectrum and the ratio of the fluxes of primary cosmic ray antiprotons to protons with energies of 60 MeV to 350 GeV found from the data obtained from June 2006 to January 2010 in the PAMELA experiment are presented. The usage of the advanced data processing method based on the data classification mathematical model made it possible to increase statistics and analyze the region of higher energies than in the earlier works.
4.	Adriani, O., et al. (författare) Measurement of the isotopic composition of hydrogen and helium nuclei in cosmic rays with the PAMELA experiment 2013 Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : IOP Publishing. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 770:1, s. 2- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The satellite-borne experiment PAMELA has been used to make new measurements of cosmic ray H and He isotopes. The isotopic composition was measured between 100 and 600 MeV /n for hydrogen and between 100 and 900 MeV /n for helium isotopes over the 23rd solar minimum from 2006 July to 2007 December. The energy spectrum of these components carries fundamental information regarding the propagation of cosmic rays in the galaxy which are competitive with those obtained from other secondary to primary measurements such as B/C.
5.	Adriani, O., et al. (författare) Measurements of cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra with the PAMELA calorimeter 2013 Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 51:2, s. 219-226 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We present a new measurement of the cosmic ray proton and helium spectra by the PAMELA experiment performed using the "thin" (in terms of nuclei interactions) sampling electromagnetic calorimeter. The described method, optimized by using Monte Carlo simulation, beam test and experimental data, allows the spectra to be measured up to 10 TeV, thus extending the PAMELA observational range based on the magnetic spectrometer measurement.
6.	Adriani, O., et al. (författare) OBSERVATIONS OF THE 2006 DECEMBER 13 AND 14 SOLAR PARTICLE EVENTS IN THE 80 MeV n(-1)-3 GeV n(-1) RANGE FROM SPACE WITH THE PAMELA DETECTOR 2011 Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 742:2, s. 102- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We present the space spectrometer PAMELA observations of proton and helium fluxes during the 2006 December 13 and 14 solar particle events. This is the first direct measurement of the solar energetic particles in space with a single instrument in the energy range from similar to 80 MeV n(-1) up to similar to 3 GeV n(-1). For the December 13 event, measured energy spectra of solar protons and helium are compared with results obtained by neutron monitors and other detectors. Our measurements show a spectral behavior different from those derived from the neutron monitor network. No satisfactory analytical fitting was found for the energy spectra. During the first hours of the December 13 event, solar energetic particles spectra were close to the exponential form, demonstrating rather significant temporal evolution. Solar He with energy up to 1 GeV n(-1) was recorded on December 13. For the December 14 event, energy of solar protons reached 600 MeV, whereas the maximum energy of He was below 100 MeV n(-1). The spectra were slightly bent in the lower energy range and preserved their form during the second event. Differences in the particle flux appearance and temporal evolution of these two events may argue for special conditions leading to the acceleration of solar particles up to relativistic energies.
7.	Adriani, O., et al. (författare) PAMELA Measurements of Cosmic-Ray Proton and Helium Spectra 2011 Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 332:6025, s. 69-72 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Protons and helium nuclei are the most abundant components of the cosmic radiation. Precise measurements of their fluxes are needed to understand the acceleration and subsequent propagation of cosmic rays in our Galaxy. We report precision measurements of the proton and helium spectra in the rigidity range 1 gigavolt to 1.2 teravolts performed by the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA (payload for antimatter matter exploration and light-nuclei astrophysics). We find that the spectral shapes of these two species are different and cannot be described well by a single power law. These data challenge the current paradigm of cosmic-ray acceleration in supernova remnants followed by diffusive propagation in the Galaxy. More complex processes of acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays are required to explain the spectral structures observed in our data.
8.	Adriani, O., et al. (författare) PAMELA Results on the Cosmic-Ray Antiproton Flux from 60 MeV to 180 GeV in Kinetic Energy 2010 Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 105:12, s. 121101- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The satellite-borne experiment PAMELA has been used to make a new measurement of the cosmic-ray antiproton flux and the antiproton-to-proton flux ratio which extends previously published measurements down to 60 MeV and up to 180 GeV in kinetic energy. During 850 days of data acquisition approximately 1500 antiprotons were observed. The measurements are consistent with purely secondary production of antiprotons in the Galaxy. More precise secondary production models are required for a complete interpretation of the results.
9.	Adriani, O., et al. (författare) The discovery of geomagnetically trapped cosmic-ray antiprotons 2011 Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8205. ; 737:2, s. L29- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The existence of a significant flux of antiprotons confined to Earth's magnetosphere has been considered in several theoretical works. These antiparticles are produced in nuclear interactions of energetic cosmic rays with the terrestrial atmosphere and accumulate in the geomagnetic field at altitudes of several hundred kilometers. A contribution from the decay of albedo antineutrons has been hypothesized in analogy to proton production by neutron decay, which constitutes the main source of trapped protons at energies above some tens of MeV. This Letter reports the discovery of an antiproton radiation belt around the Earth. The trapped antiproton energy spectrum in the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) region has been measured by the PAMELA experiment for the kinetic energy range 60-750 MeV. A measurement of the atmospheric sub-cutoff antiproton spectrum outside the radiation belts is also reported. PAMELA data show that the magnetospheric antiproton flux in the SAA exceeds the cosmic-ray antiproton flux by three orders of magnitude at the present solar minimum, and exceeds the sub-cutoff antiproton flux outside radiation belts by four orders of magnitude, constituting the most abundant source of antiprotons near the Earth.
10.	Adriani, O., et al. (författare) The PAMELA Mission : Heralding a new era in precision cosmic ray physics 2014 Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 544:4, s. 323-370 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract On the 15th of June 2006, the PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics) satellite-borne experiment was launched onboard the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite by a Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur space centre. The satellite was placed in a quasi-polar 70 degrees inclination orbit at an altitude varying between 350 km and 600 km. New results on the antiparticle component of the cosmic radiation were obtained. The positron energy spectrum and positron fraction were measured from 400 MeV up to 200 GeV revealing a positron excess over the predictions of commonly used propagation models. This can be interpreted either as evidence that the propagation models should be revised or in terms of dark matter annihilation or a pulsar contribution. The antiproton spectrum was measured over the energy range from 60 MeV to 350 GeV. The antiproton spectrum is consistent with secondary production and significantly constrains dark matter models. The energy spectra of protons and helium nuclei were measured up to 1.2 TV. The spectral shapes of these two species are different and cannot be described well by a single power law. For the First time the electron spectrum was measured up to 600 GeV complementing the information obtained from the positron data. Nuclear and isotopic composition was obtained with unprecedented precision. The variation of the low energy proton, electron and positron energy spectra was measured from July 2006 until December 2009 accurately sampling the unusual conditions of the most recent solar minimum activity period (2006-2009). Low energy particle spectra were accurately measured also for various solar events that occurred during the PAMELA mission. The Earth's magnetosphere was studied measuring the particle radiation in different regions of the magnetosphere. Energy spectra and composition of sub-cutoff and trapped particles were obtained. For the first time a belt of trapped antiprotons was detected in the South Atlantic Anomaly region. The flux was found to exceed that for galactic cosmic-ray antiprotons by three order of magnitude.
11.	Adriani, O., et al. (författare) Time Dependence Of The Proton Flux Measured By Pamela During The 2006 July-2009 December Solar Minimum 2013 Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : IOP Publishing. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 765:2, s. 91- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The energy spectra of galactic cosmic rays carry fundamental information regarding their origin and propagation. These spectra, when measured near Earth, are significantly affected by the solar magnetic field. A comprehensive description of the cosmic radiation must therefore include the transport and modulation of cosmic rays inside the heliosphere. During the end of the last decade, the Sun underwent a peculiarly long quiet phase well suited to study modulation processes. In this paper we present proton spectra measured from 2006 July to 2009 December by PAMELA. The large collected statistics of protons allowed the time variation to be followed on a nearly monthly basis down to 400 MV. Data are compared with a state-of-the-art three-dimensional model of solar modulation.
12.	Bazilevskaya, G. A., et al. (författare) Solar energetic particle events in 2006-2012 in the PAMELA experiment data 2013 Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 409:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The PAMELA magnetic spectrometer launched in June 2006 has observed the last strong energetic solar particle event of the 23rd solar cycle in December 2006. Subsequent long minimum of solar activity and weak development of the 24th solar cycle led to a deficit in the solar energetic particle events on the Earth orbit. As a result, only few events with protons accelerated above 100 MeV occurred in 2010-2012. The paper gives the preliminary results on energetic solar particles in the beginning of the 24th solar circle as measured with the PAMELA instrument.
13.	Bazilevskaya, G. A., et al. (författare) Solar proton events at the end of the 23rd and start of the 24th solar cycle recorded in the PAMELA experiment 2013 Ingår i: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. - 1062-8738. ; 77:5, s. 493-496 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The PAMELA magnetic spectrometer was launched into a near-Earth orbit on board the Resurs-DK1 satellite in June 2006; in December 2006, it recorded the last strong solar high-energy particle event of the 23rd solar cycle. A deficit was thereafter observed in solar energetic particle events because of the lengthy solar activity minimum and the weak evolution of the next (24th) solar cycle. As a result, only a few solar events involving protons with energies of more than 100 MeV were recorded between 2010 and 1012. This work presents the preliminary results from measurements of charged particle fluxes in these events, recorded by the Pamela spectrometer.
14.	Boezio, M., et al. (författare) The PAMELA space mission for antimatter and dark matter searches in space 2012 Ingår i: Hyperfine Interactions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0304-3843 .- 1572-9540. ; 213:1-3, s. 147-158 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The PAMELA satellite-borne experiment has presented new results on cosmic-ray antiparticles that can be interpreted in terms of DM annihilation or pulsar contribution. The instrument was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome and it has been collecting data since July 2006. The combination of a permanent magnet silicon strip spectrometer and a silicon-tungsten imaging calorimeter allows precision studies of the charged cosmic radiation to be conducted over a wide energy range with high statistics. The primary scientific goal is the measurement of the antiproton and positron energy spectrum in order to search for exotic sources. PAMELA is also searching for primordial antinuclei (anti-helium), and testing cosmic-ray propagation models through precise measurements of the antiparticle energy spectrum and precision studies of light nuclei and their isotopes. This talk illustrates the most recent scientific results obtained by the PAMELA experiment.
15.	Bruno, A., et al. (författare) First detection of geomagnetically trapped antiprotons by the PAMELA experiment 2011 Ingår i: Proceedings of the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2011. - : Institute of High Energy Physics. ; , s. 86-89 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract We present the measurement of geomagnetically trapped antiprotons in the South Atlantic Anomaly performed by the PAMELA satellite-bourne experiment. The existence of an antiproton radiation belt, predicted by several models as the product of cosmic ray interactions with the residual terrestrial atmosphere, is evidenced for the first time. PAMELA measured the antiproton spectrum in the kinetic energy range between 60 and 750 MeV, reporting a trapped antiproton flux which exceeds by about 3 orders of magnitude the interplanetary cosmic ray antiproton flux. An estimation of the mean under-cutoff antiproton flux outside radiation belts has been also provided.
16.	Bruno, A., et al. (författare) Precise cosmic rays measurements with PAMELA 2013 Ingår i: Acta Polytechnica. - 1210-2709. ; 53:Suppl.1, s. 712-717 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The PAMELA experiment was launched on board the Resurs-DK1 satellite on June 15th 2006. The apparatus was designed to conduct precision studies of charged cosmic radiation over a wide energy range, from tens of MeV up to several hundred GeV, with unprecedented statistics. In five years of continuous data taking in space, PAMELA accurately measured the energy spectra of cosmic ray antiprotons and positrons, as well as protons, electrons and light nuclei, sometimes providing data in unexplored energetic regions. These important results have shed new light in several astrophysical fields like: an indirect search for Dark Matter, a search for cosmological antimatter (anti-Helium), and the validation of acceleration, transport and secondary production models of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. Some of the most important items of Solar and Magnetospheric physics were also investigated. Here we present the most recent results obtained by the PAMELA experiment.
17.	Bruno, A., et al. (författare) Trapped protons in SAA measured by the PAMELA experiment 2011 Ingår i: Proceedings of the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2011. - : Institute of High Energy Physics. ; , s. 82-85 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract An accurate measurement of under cutoff proton fluxes in the energy range 60 MeV ÷ 3 GeV has been performed by the PAMELA satellite-borne experiment. Thanks to the high identification performances and to the semipolar and elliptic satellite orbit, PAMELA is able to provide information about spectra and composition of particles in different regions of the magnetosphere. Here we present the measurement of the geomagnetically trapped protons from the inner radiation belt (SAA). The fluxes as a function of equatorial pitch angle and McIlwain L-shell are reported.
18.	Campana, D., et al. (författare) Search for cosmic ray electron-positron anisotropies with the Pamela data 2013 Ingår i: 23RD EUROPEAN COSMIC RAY SYMPOSIUM (AND 32ND RUSSIAN COSMIC RAY CONFERENCE). - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Using data taken by the Pamela experiment during 5 years of operation we studied the anisotropy in the arrival direction of cosmic ray electrons and positrons with energy above 40 GeV. We report on a study of anisotropy in the e(+/-) flux at different angular scales extending from 30 degrees up to 90 degrees, further more a directional analysis has been performed around the Sun direction. The observed distribution of arrival directions is consistent with the isotropic expectation at any angular scale used in this study and no significant evidence of strong anisotropies has been observed, also the analysis around the Sun direction did not show any significant excess.
19.	Carlson, Julie, et al. (författare) Salivary gland cancer: an update on present and emerging therapies 2013 Ingår i: 2013 ASCO Educational Book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. ; , s. 257-63 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract Malignant salivary gland tumors make up a small proportion of malignancies worldwide, yet vary widely in terms of histology, patterns of spread, and recurrence. A better understanding of this variability will guide appropriate treatment recommendations and lead to improved outcomes. Recent molecular genetic studies have uncovered a translocation-generated gene fusion network in salivary gland carcinomas that can be used for diagnosis, treatment decisions, and development of specific targeted therapies. The gene fusions encode novel fusion oncoproteins that function as transcriptional coactivators, tyrosine kinase receptors, and transcription factors involved in growth-factor signaling and cell-cycle regulation. While surgery currently is the primary therapy for operable tumors, radiation plays an important role in the postoperative setting, as well as in the definitive setting for inoperable lesions. An awareness of the risk factors for tumor recurrence and spread is important for both adjuvant therapy referrals and for radiation treatment planning purposes. Additionally, chemotherapy is being used increasingly in both the concurrent setting as a radiosensitizer, as well as in the palliative setting for metastatic tumors. Future trials investigating concurrent chemotherapy and radiation, as well as the use of targeted agents based on evolving molecular discoveries, will elucidate optimal personalized approaches for this challenging disease.
20.	Carlson, Laura (författare) Anchoring the Union Mandate - A Look at the Swedish Labour Law Model 2013 Ingår i: Revista Română de Dreptul Muncii. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1582-7534. ; 4, s. 99-122 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
21.	Carlson, Laura (författare) Att förvandla en rättighet till en skyldighet : Rörelsefriheten och kravet på "lämpligt arbete" 2011 Ingår i: Europarättslig tidskrift. - 1403-8722 .- 2002-3561. ; :2, s. 285-295 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
22.	Carlson, Laura (författare) Borde barnets bästa godtas av arbetsdomstolen? 2014 Ingår i: Barnrätt. - Stockholm : Norstedts Juridik AB. - 9789139017813 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
23.	Carlson, Laura (författare) Constructing Human Rights from Soft Law : The Swedish Journey towards Protection against Unlawful Discrimination 2013 Ingår i: Scandinavian Studies in Law. - 0085-5944. ; 58, s. 75-100 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This article traces the Swedish journey with respect to the treatment of discrimination issues. The current Swedish parliamentary understanding of protection against unlawful discrimination as a fundamental human right, can be seen as beginning in a period of no regulation, going over to a soft law approach (on both international and national levels) and then to a progressively hard law approach. This journey can be seen as having been completed by the Swedish parliament but arguably not yet whole-heartedly by the Swedish courts. This change in treatment was brought about mainly due to external forces, namely EU membership and the Europeanization of discrimination protections. Coming to the current Swedish parliamentary perception, that protection against unlawful discrimination on the basis of sex, transgender identity and expression, ethnicity, religion or other belief, disability, sexual orientation or age, is a fundamental human right, has been neither a self-evident, nor a linear, path in Swedish discrimination law. The point at which this parliamentary perception is given the same effect by the Swedish courts can be seen as the end of this journey.
24.	Carlson, Laura (författare) Critical Race Legal Theory in a Swedish Context 2011 Ingår i: Juridisk Tidskrift. - 1100-7761. ; 2011/12:1, s. 21-49 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract When enacting the most recent Discrimination Act (2008), the Swedish legislator deliberately removed the term “race” from the list of unlawful discrimination grounds. According to the legislative preparatory works to the act, this was to demonstrate that a biological concept of race is unacceptable: “[T]here is no scientific basis for dividing human beings into different races and from a biological perspective, consequently is there neither any reason to use the word race with respect to human beings.” The Parliament also stated that the Swedish Government is to act in the international arena towards that the word “race”, as used with respect to human beings, to as great a degree as possible is avoided in official texts. The Government was also to review the extent to which the term “race” occurs in Swedish laws not based on international texts, and as far as possible, suggest a different term. To date, no such alternative term has been proposed, either by the Parliament or the Government. This “post-race” perspective by the Swedish Parliament can be juxtaposed against the judgments of the Swedish Labour Court (Arbetsdomstolen) in cases raising claims of unlawful ethnic discrimination. In one almost contemporaneous case, by way of example, the Labour Court found that statements by fellow workers, calling the plaintiff names such as Blackey, did not amount to unlawful ethnic discrimination in the workplace as the Court found that the plaintiff had consented to this banter. The paradox resulting from these examples appears irreconcilable, with the Parliament assuming a protection that the courts are not giving. However, when evaluating this through the lens of Critical Race Theory, though still not desirable, the paradox becomes more understandable. Part One of this article sets out the legal theoretical framework addressing race based on Critical Race Theory. Part Two explores the treatment of “race” as defined by these theories with respect to religion, immigration and ethnic origins in the Swedish legislation and the case law of the Swedish Labour Court. The disparity between the application of discrimination protections by the courts and the intentions of the legislator in removing the word “race” from the legislation is explained by CRT as part of the ongoing historical process of not seriously addressing the structural discrimination existing in society.
25.	Carlson, Laura (författare) Critical race-teori 2013. - 1 Ingår i: Juridisk metodlära. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144083865 ; , s. 313-342 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
26.	Carlson, Laura, 1961- (författare) Family Friendly Employment as Quality of Employment 2012 Ingår i: Legal and Normative Perspectives on the Quality of Employment in Europe. - : Peter Lang Publishing Group. - 9789052018881 - 905201888X - 9783035262292 - 3035262292 ; , s. 197-214 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
27.	Carlson, Laura (författare) Fundamentals of Swedish law : a guide for foreign lawyers and students 2012. - 2 Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
28.	Carlson, Laura (författare) Racism under the Law : Rethinking the Swedish Approach through a Critical Race Theory Lens 2013 Ingår i: Ragion Pratica. - Bologna : Societa Editrice Il Mulino. - 1720-2396 .- 2612-1441. ; 41:2, s. 491-509 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract One of the major focuses of European Union law is combating discrimination in order to ensure equal participation in society for all Union citizens. Coming to grips with racism through the law, and the use of the term «race», is problematic for many societies and within the EU, has been left to the member states to resolve in a manner consistent with the traditions and legal systems of the member states. This article examines the Swedish approach to the use of the term «race» through the lens of Critical Race Theory (CRT). This legal theory explains many of the inconsistencies in the Swedish legal approach to racial discrimination. The most dramatic of these inconsistencies as examined here are those with respect to the intent of the Swedish (and EU) legislator and the case law in which the Swedish Labour Court has consistently not found racial or ethnic discrimination in working life.
29.	Carlson, Laura (författare) Report on Sweden and Age Discrimination 2011 Ingår i: The Prohibition of Age Discrimination in Labour Relations. - Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. - 9783832959012 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract In 2010 - from July 25th to August 1st - the XVIIIth International Congress of Comparative Law took place in Washington D.C. This book contains the outcome of the Congress concerning "The Prohibition of Age Discrimination in Labour Relations." The relevance of age discrimination as a topic increased significantly over the last decade, and the Congress gave the participants an opportunity to present and compare their experiences with age discrimination in employment relationships. The book consists of 23 reports - written in English and French - by national experts. These reports address the most relevant questions with regard to age discrimination. They deliver extensive insight into the different countries' situations and their provisions against age discrimination. The book compares inter alia legal regulations, the protected age-groups, and procedural aspects. It begins with the General Report, which provides an introduction to the subject and evaluates the results of the national reports.
30.	Carlson, Laura (författare) Sweden - The Right to Strike 2011 Ingår i: The Right to Strike in the EU. - Rome : Ediesse. - 9788823016637 ; , s. 219-230 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
31.	Carlson, Laura (författare) Teaching Materials as Assets – A Challenge to the Swedish Labour Law Model 2014 Ingår i: Studia z zakresu prawa pracy i polityki spolecznej. - Polen : Jagiellonian University. - 1429-9585. ; :35 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Abstract: This article explores the issue of the ownership of teaching materials as against the backdrop of the Swedish labour law model. The ownership of teaching materials has become a more compelling question as teaching materials become more digitalized and more easily rendered into commercial assets. The ownership of rights to teaching materials touches upon several different areas of law in the Swedish context: employment law, labour law, contract law, constitutional law, academic freedom and intellectual property rights law, and to date is not definitively resolved either in custom, agreement or by law in Sweden. The conclusion here is that given the interests involved, the integrity of authors as well as the academic freedom of teachers, a constitutional approach transcending the employment and labour law approaches needs to be taken to guarantee the greatest amount of academic freedom. The current system with ad hoc solutions within the labour law system, at times between the social partners, has only resulting in the chipping away of the rights of teachers as well as offering different levels of protection for teachers at different institutions despite most such individuals being ultimately employed by one employer, the Swedish state.
32.	Carlson, Laura (författare) The Law, Labour Unions and Information Technology : Enhancing or Restricting Democracy at the Workplace 2014 Ingår i: Information Technology and the Law. - : Jagiellonian University Press. - 9788323336587 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This paper looks at the question of whether IT restricts or enhances democracy internally within unions.
33.	Carlson, Laura (författare) The Metamorphosis of Swedish Discrimination Law 2010. - 1 Ingår i: Vänbok till Ronnie Eklund. - Uppsala : Iustus. - 9789176787441 ; , s. 85-110 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
34.	Carlson, Laura (författare) The Vulnerability of Academic Freedom : a Look at the Swedish Teacher Exception 2014 Ingår i: Festskrift till Catharina Calleman. - Uppsala : Iustus förlag. - 9789176788899 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
35.	Dahlstrand, Karl, et al. (författare) En rättssociologisk undersökning av ett ersättningsrättsligt problemområde 2014 Ingår i: Allmän rättslära. Studiematerial. ; , s. 1-19 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract I den följande texten kommer resultat ur min rättssociologiska avhandling, Kränkning och upprättelse. En rättssociologisk studie av kränkningsersättning till brottsoffer (2012), att redovisas samtidigt som några aktuella frågor kring brottsofferersättningen och kränkning som skada att kommenteras samtidigt som det rättssociologiska forskningsfältet presenteras.
36.	Dastani, Zari, et al. (författare) Novel Loci for Adiponectin Levels and Their Influence on Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Traits : A Multi-Ethnic Meta-Analysis of 45,891 Individuals 2012 Ingår i: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 8:3, s. e1002607- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Circulating levels of adiponectin, a hormone produced predominantly by adipocytes, are highly heritable and are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and other metabolic traits. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 39,883 individuals of European ancestry to identify genes associated with metabolic disease. We identified 8 novel loci associated with adiponectin levels and confirmed 2 previously reported loci (P=4.5 x 10(-8)-1.2 x 10(-43)). Using a novel method to combine data across ethnicities (N = 4,232 African Americans, N = 1,776 Asians, and N = 29,347 Europeans), we identified two additional novel loci. Expression analyses of 436 human adipocyte samples revealed that mRNA levels of 18 genes at candidate regions were associated with adiponectin concentrations after accounting for multiple testing (p<3 x 10(-4)). We next developed a multi-SNP genotypic risk score to test the association of adiponectin decreasing risk alleles on metabolic traits and diseases using consortia-level meta-analytic data. This risk score was associated with increased risk of T2D (p=4.3 x 10(-3), n = 22,044), increased triglycerides (p=2.6 x 10(-14), n = 93,440), increased waist-to-hip ratio (p=1.8 x 10(-5), n = 77,167), increased glucose two hours post oral glucose tolerance testing (p=4.4 x 10(-3), n = 15,234), increased fasting insulin (p = 0.015, n = 48,238), but with lower in HDL-cholesterol concentrations (p=4.5x10(-13), n = 96,748) and decreased BMI (p= 1.4 x 10(-14), n = 121,335). These findings identify novel genetic determinants of adiponectin levels, which, taken together, influence risk of T2D and markers of insulin resistance.
37.	De Simone, N., et al. (författare) PAMELA : Measurements of matter and antimatter in space 2011 Ingår i: Nuovo cimento della societa italiana de fisica. C, Geophysics and space physics. - 1124-1896 .- 1826-9885. ; 34:3, s. 79-87 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract On the 15th of June 2006, the PAMELA satellite-borne experiment was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome and it has been collecting data since July 2006. The apparatus comprises a time-of-flight system, a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer, a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anticoincidence system, a shower tail counter scintillator and a neutron detector. The combination of these devices allows precision studies of the charged cosmic radiation to be conducted over a wide energy range (100 MeV-100's GeV) with high statistics. The primary scientific goal is the measurement of the antiproton and positron energy spectra in order to search for exotic sources, such as dark matter particle annihilations. PAMELA is also searching for primordial antinuclei (antihelium), and testing cosmic-ray propagation models through precise measurements of the antiparticle energy spectrum and precision studies of light nuclei and their isotopes. Moreover, PAMELA investigates phenomena connected with solar and earth physics. The main results and updated data will be presented.
38.	Giaccari, U., et al. (författare) Anisotropy studies in the cosmic ray proton flux with the PAMELA experiment 2013 Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th workshop on Science with the New Generation of High Energy Gamma-ray Experiments: From high energy gamma sources to cosmic rays, one century after their discovery. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 123-128 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Using data taken by the Pamela experiment during 5 years of operation we studied the anisotropy in the arrival direction distribution of cosmic ray protons with rigidity above 40 GV. In this survey we used two different and independent techniques to investigate the large and medium anisotropy patterns in the proton spectrum. With both methods the observed distribution of arrival directions is consistent with the isotropic expectation and no significant evidence of strong anisotropies has been observed.
39.	Koldobskiy, S. A., et al. (författare) Galactic deuteron spectrum measured in PAMELA experiment 2013 Ingår i: 23Rd European Cosmic Ray Symposium (And 32Nd Russian Cosmic Ray Conference). - : IOP Publishing. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Results of galactic deuteron spectrum measurement by means of PAMELA apparatus are described. PAMELA is an international experiment developed for antimatter search and measurement of p, He, electron and positron spectra in wide energy range. In addition, PAMELA allows to identify and measure deuteron spectrum at low energies. In this paper deuteron-to-proton ratio and deuteron spectrum are presented.
40.	Koldobskiy, S. A., et al. (författare) Measurement of galactic cosmic-ray deuteron spectrum in the PAMELA experiment 2013 Ingår i: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. - : Allerton Press. - 1062-8738. ; 77:5, s. 606-608 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This work presents the results of measuring the deuteron spectrum of Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) with the PAMELA experiment. The PAMELA is an international experiment. Its main objectives are to search for antimatter and measure proton, helium nuclei, electron, and positron spectra over a wide range of energies. In addition, the experimental setup allows the detection of deuterons and the reconstruction of their spectra at low energies. Cosmic ray deuteron spectrum and the deuteron-proton ratio measured in the PAMELA experiment in the energy range of 50-650 MeV/nucleon are presented below.
41.	Mayorov, A. G., et al. (författare) Antiprotons of galactic cosmic radiation in the PAMELA experiment 2013 Ingår i: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. - 1062-8738. ; 77:5, s. 602-605 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A method for antiproton selection against a background of electrons, based on a mathematical model of data classification using variations in interparticle interaction in a calorimeter, and a method for excluding events accompanied by scattering in the inner detectors of a tracking system (which result in errors in the measured trajectory's curvature and charge sign) from analysis are discussed in this paper. Antiproton spectra and antiproton/proton flux ratio at energies of 0.06 to 350 GeV with statistics of events surpassing those in [1] are obtained. The results can be used to create models for the generation and distribution of particles in the Galaxy, and for searching and studying the nature of hypothetical dark matter particles.
42.	Menn, W., et al. (författare) The PAMELA space experiment 2013 Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 51:2, s. 209-218 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract On the 15th of June 2006, the PAMELA satellite-borne experiment was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome and it has been collecting data since July 2006. The apparatus is comprised of a time-of-flight system, a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer, a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anticoincidence system, a shower tail counter scintillator and a neutron detector. The combination of these devices allows precision studies of the charged cosmic radiation to be conducted over a wide energy range (100 MeV to 100's GeV) with high statistics. The primary scientific goal is the measurement of the antiproton and positron energy spectra in order to search for exotic sources, such as dark matter particle annihilations. PAMELA is also searching for primordial antinuclei (anti-helium), and testing cosmic-ray propagation models through precise measurements of the antiparticle energy spectrum and precision studies of light nuclei and their isotopes. Moreover, PAMELA is investigating phenomena connected with solar and earth physics. After 4 years of operation in flight, PAMELA is now delivering coherent results about spectra and chemical composition of the charged cosmic radiation, allowing scenarios of production and propagation of cosmic rays to be fully established and understood.
43.	Mikhailov, V., et al. (författare) Cosmic ray electron and positron spectra measured with PAMELA 2013 Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 409:1, s. 012035- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The PAMELA experiment is carried out on board of the satellite Resurs DK1 launched on June 15th 2006 on polar orbit (the inclination is 70, the altitude is 350-600 km). The instrument which consists of magnetic spectrometer, silicon-tungsten imaging electromagnetic calorimeter gives a possibility to measure electron and positron fluxes over wide energy range from hundreds MeVs to hundreds GeVs. Measurements made in June 2006- January 2010 are presented and compared with other results and models. Positron spectrum appears to be harder than standard diffusive propagation models predict.
44.	Mocchiutti, E., et al. (författare) Cosmic–ray positron energy spectrum measured by PAMELA 2013 Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Rays Conference, ICRC 2013. - : Sociedade Brasileira de Fisica. - 9788589064293 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The PAMELA satellite borne experiment is designed to study cosmic rays with great accuracy in a wide energy range. One of PAMELA’s main goal is the study of the antimatter component of cosmic rays. The experiment, housed on board the Russian satellite Resurs–DK1, was launched on June 15th 2006 and it is still taking data. In this work we present the measurement of galactic positron energy spectrum in the energy range between 500 MeV and few hundred GeV.
45.	Mocchiutti, E., et al. (författare) PAMELA and electrons 2011 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The 15th of June 2006, the PAMELA satellite-borne experiment was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome and it has been collecting data since July 2006. The apparatus comprises a time-of-flight system, a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer, a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anticoincidence system, a shower tail counter scintillator and a neutron detector. The combination of these devices allows precision studies of the charged cosmic radiation to be conducted over a wide energy range (100 MeV-100's GeV) with high statistics. The measurement of the positron to electron fraction and of the electron energy spectrum in order to search for exotic sources, such as dark matter particle annihilations, are within the PAMELA primary scientific goal.
46.	Mocchiutti, E., et al. (författare) Results from PAMELA 2011 Ingår i: NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP. - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 243-248 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The PAMELA satellite experiment was launched into low earth orbit on June 15(th) 2006. The combination of a permanent magnet silicon strip spectrometer and a silicon-tungsten imaging calorimeter allows precision studies of the charged cosmic radiation to be conducted over a wide energy range (100 MeV - several hundred GeV). A primary scientific goal is to search for dark matter particle annihilation by measuring the energy spectra of cosmic ray antiparticles. Latest results from the PAMELA experiment are presented with a particular focus on cosmic ray antiprotons and positrons.
47.	Mocchiutti, E, et al. (författare) THE PAMELA EXPERIMENT : FIVE YEARS OF COSMIC RAYS INVESTIGATION 2012 Ingår i: ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE, SPACE PHYSICS AND DETECTORS FOR PHYSICS APPLICATIONS. ; , s. 124-133 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In five years of data taking in space, the PAMELA experiment collected very interesting data on the charged cosmic radiation over a wide energy range (from 100 MeV up to 1 TeV depending from the species) with unprecedent statistics. The apparatus comprises a time-of-flight system, a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer, a silicon tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anticoincidence system, a shower tail counter scintillator and a neutron detector. PAMELA is providing fundamental data not only to search for dark matter signals but also to better understand cosmic-ray propagation models. Main results after five years of data taking will be presented.
48.	Picozza, P., et al. (författare) Cosmic ray studies with PAMELA experiment 2011 Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics: Particle Physics at the Year of Astronomy. - 9814329673 - 9789814329675 ; , s. 200-206 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The instrument PAMELA, in orbit since June 15th, 2006 on board of the Russian satellite Resurs DK1, is daily delivering to ground 16 Gigabytes of data. The apparatus is designed to study charged particles in the cosmic radiation, with a particular focus on antiparticles for searching antimatter and signals of dark matter annihilation. A combination of a magnetic spectrometer and different detectors allows antiparticles to be reliably identified from a large background of other charged particles. New results on the antiproton-to-proton and positron-toall electron ratios over a wideenergy range (1-100 GeV) have been obtained from the PAMELA mission. These data are mainly interpreted in terms of dark matter annihilation or pulsar contribution.
49.	Picozza, P., et al. (författare) Cosmic ray study with the PAMELA experiment 2013 Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 409:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In six years of data collection years in space, the experiment PAMELA has discovered very interesting features in cosmic rays, namely in the fluxes of protons, helium, electrons, that might change our basic vision of the mechanisms of production, acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. In addition, PAMELA measurements of cosmic antiproton and positron fluxes are setting strong constraints to the nature of Dark Matter. The continuous particle detection is allowing a constant monitoring of the solar activity and detailed study of the solar modulation for a long period, giving important improvements to the comprehension of the heliosphere mechanisms. PAMELA is also measuring the radiation environment around the Earth, and has recently discovered an antiproton radiation belt.
50.	Pihlgren, Laura, et al. (författare) On the mechanism of persistent up-conversion luminescence in the ZrO2:Yb3+,Er3+ nanomaterials 2014 Ingår i: Optical Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-3467. ; 36:10, s. 1698-1704 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The up-converting ZrO2:Yb3+,E3+ nanomaterials were prepared with the combustion and sal-gel methods. The structure of the materials was cubic except for the minor monoclinic and tetragonal impurities associated with the use of the sal-gel method. The XANES results revealed only the trivalent form for both the Yb and Er dopants. The distance distributions calculated from EXAFS confirm that Er3+ and Yb3+ occupy the Zr-IV site in the structure. The nanomaterials show red (650-700 nm) and very weak green (520-560 nm) up-conversion luminescence due to the F-4(9/2) -> I-4(15/2) and (H-2(11/2),S-4(3/2)) -> I-4(15/2) transitions of Er3+, respectively. The nanomaterials obtained with the combustion synthesis yield the most intense luminescence though showing significant afterglow, as well. The thermoluminescence measurements revealed the existence of traps with depths between 0.68 and 1.03 eV well matching to room temperature persistent emission. Finally, the mechanism for the persistent up-conversion luminescence was introduced based on the experimental results and discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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