| 1. |
- Arvidsson, Eva, 1959-, et al.
(author)
-
Vägen framåt
- 2013
-
In: Att välja rättvist. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. ; , s. 207-214
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Som vi visat har utvecklingen av metoder och strukturer för öppna prioriteringar i Sverige kommit långt. Många frågor återstår likväl. Under vårt arbete med denna bok har vi identifierat ett antal förbättringsområden och utmaningar som vi avslutningsvis vill lyfta fram. Det rör sig om vilka som ska delta i prioriteringarna, tydliggörande av värdegrunden, behov av bättre kunskap, baserad på både vetenskaplig metod och erfarenhet, och fortsatt utveckling av prioriteringsprocesser på olika nivåer och i olika sammanhang. Även om vi i Sverige skulle nå en god enighet kring principer och kriterier för prioriteringar så kommer vi alltid finna många olika sätt att praktiskt lösa specifika prioriteringsproblem.
|
|
| 2. |
- Carlsson, Christel, et al.
(author)
-
Transport av kemiska bekämpningsmedel samt fastläggnings- och nedbrytningskarakterisering i en vertikal transekt genom mark- och grundvattenzonen i Vemmenhögs tillrinningsområde, södra Sverige
- 2013
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Projektets mål har varit att undersöka förekomst, fastläggning, transport och nedbrytning av kemiska bekämpningsmedel (KB) i djupare grundvatten i ett litet avrinningsområde i Vemmenhög i Skåne. Inom ramen för studien har grundvatten provtagits på varierande djup (5,5-35 m) och analyserats med avseende på 150 olika KB vid fem olika tillfällen utan att några detekterats (undantaget ett enstaka fynd av AMPA). Dessa djupare grundvatten daterades till mellan 40 och >60 år. I grunt grundvatten från området finns fynd av KB och med hjälp av statistisk analys av spridningsdata och data över fynd visades att den enskilt största faktorn som avgör om KB återfinns i grundvattnet eller ej är dosen vid besprutningstillfället. En högre dos ökar sannolikheten för fynd i grundvattnet. En matematisk modellering har genomförts för att förklara förekomst av 6 olika KB i grunt grundvatten. För modelleringen användes bl.a. experimentellt bestämda parametrar för nedbrytning och fastläggning. Modelleringen möjliggjorde att fynd av lågsorberande KB kunde kopplas till spridningen av dessa substanser, medan fynd av de relativt starkt sorberande substanserna inte kunde förklaras.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Christoffersson, Gustaf, et al.
(author)
-
Clinical and Experimental Pancreatic Islet Transplantation to Striated Muscle : Establishment of a Vascular System Similar to that in Native Islets
- 2010
-
In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 59:10, s. 2569-2578
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Curing type 1 diabetes by transplanting pancreatic islets into the liver is associated with poor long-term outcome and graft failure at least partly due to inadequate graft revascularization. The aim of the current study was to evaluate striated muscle as a potential angiogenic site for islet transplantation. Research Design and Methods: The current study presents a new experimental model which is found applicable to clinical islet transplantation. Islets were implanted into striated muscle where after intra-islet vascular density and blood flow were visualized with intravital and confocal microscopy in mice, and by magnetic resonance imaging in three auto-transplanted pancreatectomized patients. Mice were rendered neutropenic by repeated injections of Gr-1 antibody and diabetes was induced by alloxan treatment. Results: Contrary to liver-engrafted islets, islets transplanted to mouse muscle were revascularized with vessel densities and blood flow entirely comparable to islets within intact pancreas. Initiation of islet revascularization at the muscular site was dependent on neutrophils, and the function of islets transplanted to muscle was proven by curing diabetic mice. The experimental data were confirmed in auto-transplanted patients where higher plasma volumes were measured in islets engrafted in forearm muscle compared to adjacent muscle tissue through high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions: This study presents a novel paradigm in islet transplantation whereby recruited neutrophils are crucial for the functionally restored intra-islet blood perfusion following transplantation to striated muscle under experimental and clinical situations.
|
|
| 6. |
- Dahlgren, Gunilla, et al.
(author)
-
Test-retest reliability of step counts with the ActivPAL™ device in common daily activities.
- 2010
-
In: Gait & Posture. - : Elsevier. - 0966-6362 .- 1879-2219. ; 32:3, s. 386-90
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ActivPAL device is a well-established physical activity monitor for assessment of physical activity. AIM: To investigate test-retest reliability of step counts and establish minimal detectable changes (MDC) in step count to account for intra device error over time in various physical activities. METHODS: Healthy participants (n=24, age range, 19-28 years) performed activities on two occasions, 1 week apart, in a laboratory setting; self-paced floor walking, treadmill walking at three different speeds (3.2 km/h, 4.5 km/h and 4.5 km/h with incline), treadmill jogging (8.0 km/h), stair walking and cycling on an exercise bike at three speeds (45 rpm, 60 rpm and 75 rpm). Relative reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman correlation. Absolute reliability was assessed using standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of repeatability (CR). RESULTS: The ActivPAL showed high to very high relative reliability for treadmill walking at all speeds and stair walking, while self-paced normal floor walking showed moderate reliability. The absolute reliability was the best for treadmill walking activities, slightly increased for self-paced walking, followed by stair walking and jogging. The use of activity monitors during cycling has been questioned and our results confirm a low absolute and relative reliability. MDC values varied according to the type of activity e.g. treadmill walking 4.5 km/h (10 steps), walking on the floor (45 steps). Data loss in this study (10-13%) was higher than previously reported. CONCLUSIONS: The ActivPAL is reliable for treadmill walking, jogging and self-paced walking. MCD varies according to the activity and should be considered when establishing true change over time.
|
|
| 7. |
- Eriksson, Karin, 1965, et al.
(author)
-
Aspects of rating communicative interaction: Effects on reliability and agreement
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Interactional Research in Communication Disorders/Equinox. - : Equinox Publishing. - 2040-5111 .- 2040-512X. ; 5:2, s. 245-267
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Communication partner training can be effective in improving communication in aphasia. However, further research is needed on how to measure the outcome of such interventions. In this paper we discuss the phenomenon of reliability in assessments in relation to the results of analyses using a rating scale designed to measure the ability to support a person with aphasia in natural conversational interaction. The scale was used by four assessors to rate 45 video recordings. Calculations of reliability and agreement produced varying results but were mostly satisfactory. However, the results highlight how interaction between factors such as complexity of assessments; design of the rating scale; factors inherent in the individual assessor; and the statistical measures used to analyse the outcome may result in a conflict between aspects of validity and reliability. Interpretations of outcome obtained with rating scales thus need to be based on knowledge about factors influencing the results.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Kreuger, Jenny, et al.
(author)
-
Modelling pesticide transport in a shallow groundwater catchment using tritium and helium-3 data
- 2014
-
In: Applied Geochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-2927. ; 50, s. 231-239
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using tritium and helium-3 data for calibration, a 2-D transport model was set up to explain the occurrence of bentazone, dichlorprop, glyphosate, isoproturon, MCPA and metamitron in a small groundwater catchment in southern Sweden. The model was parameterised with site-specific degradation and sorption data to enable transport simulations. Local climatological data and a 21-year record of agricultural pesticide use within the study area were used as boundary conditions. Model output was evaluated against a 7-year long pesticide monitoring data-series from two monitoring wells within the study area. The model successfully predicts observed breakthrough of bentazone, dichlorprop, isoproturon and MCPA. However, it fails to simulate observed occurrences of glyphosate and metamitron. Glyphosate and metamitron exhibit relatively high sorption potential, and their occurrence is suggested to be the result of non-equilibrium preferential flow paths which the model cannot reproduce due the conceptualisation of the system as homogenous and isotropic. The results indicate a promising methodological approach applicable to groundwater contamination risk assessment, and demonstrate the potential for transport model calibration by means of tritium and helium-3 data. Main constraints of the study relate to the relatively simple system conceptualisation, indicating a need for further consideration of physical and chemical heterogeneity. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 10. |
- Linström, Ann-Charlotte, et al.
(author)
-
Occupational therapists experiences of rehabilitation of patients with limited awareness after stroke
- 2013
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 20:4, s. 264-271
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to describe occupational therapists’ experiences of rehabilitation of patients with limited awareness after stroke. Methods: To capture occupational therapists’ experiences, a qualitative approach was chosen using five focus groups consisting of 22 participants engaged in group discussions with open-ended questions based on the aim. Discussions were taped, transcribed verbatim, and analysed according to Kreuger’s method. The analysis revealed one general description, constant adjustment, with three themes emerging during the analysis: adjustments in choice of activity, adjustments in choice of environment, and therapeutic adjustments. These themes interacted and were dependent on the desired effect of the interventions. Adjustments were made continuously depending on their effect. The occupational therapists strove for patients to avoid unnecessary risks, make realistic decisions, and live as independently as possible.
|
|
| 11. |
- Lundgren, Charlotte, 1974-, et al.
(author)
-
“And now the ancle a bit further back”: Interaction analyses of trainers and riders work with horse-rider communication in dressage training
- 2014
-
In: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 10TH INTERNATIONAL EQUITATION SCIENCE CONFERENCE. - : DCA - Danish Centre for Food and Agriculture. - 9788793176249
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the equestrian sports we agree that the communication between horse and rider forms the core of good riding. This communication is therefore often the main focus of for instance a dressage training session. However, in-depth analyses of how the communication between horse and rider is used as an educational resource in training are scarce. Here, theories and methods from communication and learning science are brought together to show how trainers and riders together address this communication during intermediate level dressage training. The results presented are based on a qualitative, mixed methods study, combining interactional analyses of 15 hrs of video recordings of dressage trainings and phenomenographic analysis of interviews with the participants. Analyses of the interviews show the complexity of these learning situations: the foci of the training sessions vary depending on the riders’ and the horses’ condition and the goals set up by the human participants as well as on the experience of the horse and the rider. Regardless of the didactical focus (on training the rider, training the rider to train the horse or training the horse) and the scope of the training session, the analyses of the video recordings show how all trainers orient towards the horse-rider interaction in essentially the same three ways. The trainers give verbal instructions aimed at modifying the horse-rider communication, they use their own bodies as models and they intervene physically by for instance altering the posture of the rider, the position of parts of the rider’s body or showing the correct degree of pressure to be applied in a certain situation (and combinations of the above). However, trainers do not always set the agenda for the discussions. When given the opportunity, many riders participate actively the discussions. During the presentation, extracts from the video material will be used as illustrations of these findings. By enlightening the complex interaction between the participants as well as the interaction’s intrinsic connections to the goals of the training, it becomes possible to discuss (and further develop) the communication in the horse-rider-trainer triad within both the equestrian and the scientific communities.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Nilsson, Jan, 1963-, et al.
(author)
-
Development and validation of a new tool measuring nurses self-reported professional competence — The nurse professional competence (NPC) Scale
- 2014
-
In: Nurse Education Today. - Midlothian, Scotland : Elsevier BV. - 0260-6917 .- 1532-2793. ; 34:4, s. 574-580
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To develop and validate a new tool intended for measuring self-reported professional competence among both nurse students prior to graduation and among practicing nurses. The new tool is based on formal competence requirements from the Swedish Board of Health and Welfare, which in turn are based on WHO guidelines. Design: A methodological study including construction of a new scale and evaluation of its psychometric properties. Participants and settings: 1086 newly graduated nurse students from 11 universities/university colleges. Results: The analyses resulted in a scale named the NPC (Nurse Professional Competence) Scale, consisting of 88 items and covering eight factors: “Nursing care”, “Value-based nursing care”, “Medical/technical care”, “Teaching/ learning and support”, “Documentation and information technology”, “Legislation in nursing and safety planning”, “Leadership in and development of nursing care” and “Education and supervision of staff/students”. All factors achieved Cronbach's alpha values greater than 0.70. A second-order exploratory analysis resulted in two main themes: “Patient-related nursing” and “Nursing care organisation and development”. In addition, evidence of known-group validity for the NPC Scale was obtained.
|
|
| 14. |
- Nilsson, Jan, 1963-, et al.
(author)
-
Nursing in a globalized world : Nursing students with international study experience report higher competence at graduation
- 2014
-
In: Open Journal of Nursing. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2162-5336 .- 2162-5344. ; :4, s. 848-858
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Due to globalization, there is a need for nurses with skills and competence in providing safe, competent and culturally appropriate care. The aim of the study was to investigate whether International Study Experiences (ISE) in other countries during basic nursing education had an impact on newly graduated nurses as regards to self-reported competence. Moreover, a second aim was to explore what background factors that facilitated or constituted a hindrance for nursing students to choose to conduct part of their basic nursing education abroad. At 11 Universities/University Colleges (henceforth called Higher Education Institutions [HEIs]) in Sweden, 565 nursing students responded to the Nurse Professional Competence (NPC) Scale. Students with ISE rated their competence significantly higher on three NPC competence areas; “Legislation in nursing and safety planning”, “Leadership and development of nursing” and “Education and supervision of staff/students”. Background factors that significantly seemed to enhance ISE were; living alone, not having children or other commitments, international focus at the HEI and previous international experience. Lack of financial means was reported to prevent students from choosing ISE. The study implies that several background factors are of importance whether students choose ISE or not. ISE during basic nursing education might result in better self-reported competence in leading and developing nursing care, including education of future nurses, and in providing safe care.
|
|
| 15. |
- Zetterqvist Carlsson, Mari, et al.
(author)
-
Riders´ perception of their communication with the horse
- 2014
-
In: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 10TH INTERNATIONAL EQUITATION SCIENCE CONFERENCE. - : DCA- Danish Centre for Food and Agriculture. - 9788793176249
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study is part of a project with the overall aim to improve riding education through a better understanding of the interplay between rider, riding instructor and horse. The rider influences the horse through a combination of weight, leg and rein aids together with the voice. The horse responds to these and the rider receives and interprets these responses. The current study aimed to describe and analyse the riders´ perceptions and views on this communication. Fifteen experienced riders (all female) of intermediate level in dressage were recruited to participate in the study, most of them riding their own horses. The riders received private training from five experienced riding instructors/trainers. One training of each rider was video and audio recorded. Directly after the training, the riders watched 10 minutes from the video recording (stimulated recall) followed by a semi-structured in-depth interview. The riders were asked to give a general description of how they communicated with their horses. They were also asked to describe how they interpreted the horse’s responses to the rider’s signals and how they acted when the horse responded/or did not respond to their signals. The results showed that all riders were well aware of the importance of giving clear and precise signals to the horse and to remove a given signal (aid) as soon as the horse responds. Most riders (12 of 15) agreed that it is essential to check that the horse responds to the rider’s basic signals in the beginning of each training session. The riders also pointed out that it is important to adjust the aids to the character of the horse and to the current physical and mental status of their horse. When the horses responded correctly on the rider’s aids, the riders praised the horse either by using their voice or by petting the horse. When the horse did not respond as the rider wished, the riders generally repeated or strengthened their signals until they received a desired response. Interestingly, a major part of the riders (13 of 15) blamed themselves when the communication with the horse failed. In conclusion, the riders seemed to be aware of the practical application of the basic principles of learning theory, even if they were not familiar with the terminology. However, the riders also reported that in practice they perceived difficulties to control their own bodies and to adequately give and release their signals.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
