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1.	Andersson, Mariam, et al. (author) Axon morphology is modulated by the local environment and impacts the noninvasive investigation of its structure-function relationship 2020 In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 117:52, s. 33649-33659 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Axonal conduction velocity, which ensures efficient function of the brain network, is related to axon diameter. Noninvasive, in vivo axon diameter estimates can be made with diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, but the technique requires three-dimensional (3D) validation. Here, high-resolution, 3D synchrotron X-ray nano-holotomography images of white matter samples from the corpus callosum of a monkey brain reveal that blood vessels, cells, and vacuoles affect axonal diameter and trajectory. Within single axons, we find that the variation in diameter and conduction velocity correlates with the mean diameter, contesting the value of precise diameter determination in larger axons. These complex 3D axon morphologies drive previously reported 2D trends in axon diameter and g-ratio. Furthermore, we find that these morphologies bias the estimates of axon diameter with diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and, ultimately, impact the investigation and formulation of the axon structure-function relationship.
2.	Abé, Christoph, et al. (author) Longitudinal Structural Brain Changes in Bipolar Disorder: A Multicenter Neuroimaging Study of 1232 Individuals by the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group. 2022 In: Biological psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2402 .- 0006-3223. ; 91:6, s. 582-592 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with cortical and subcortical structural brain abnormalities. It is unclear whether such alterations progressively change over time, and how this is related to the number of mood episodes. To address this question, we analyzed a large and diverse international sample with longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical data to examine structural brain changes over time in BD.Longitudinal structural MRI and clinical data from the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) BD Working Group, including 307 patients with BD and 925 healthy control subjects, were collected from 14 sites worldwide. Male and female participants, aged 40 ± 17 years, underwent MRI at 2 time points. Cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volumes were estimated using FreeSurfer. Annualized change rates for each imaging phenotype were compared between patients with BD and healthy control subjects. Within patients, we related brain change rates to the number of mood episodes between time points and tested for effects of demographic and clinical variables.Compared with healthy control subjects, patients with BD showed faster enlargement of ventricular volumes and slower thinning of the fusiform and parahippocampal cortex (0.18
3.	Asplund, Maria. E., 1970, et al. (author) Dynamics and fate of blue carbon in a mangrove-seagrass seascape : influence of landscape configuration and land-use change 2021 In: Landscape Ecology. - : Springer. - 0921-2973 .- 1572-9761. ; 36, s. 1489-1509 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Context Seagrass meadows act as efficient natural carbon sinks by sequestering atmospheric CO2 and through trapping of allochthonous organic material, thereby preserving organic carbon (C-org) in their sediments. Less understood is the influence of landscape configuration and transformation (land-use change) on carbon sequestration dynamics in coastal seascapes across the land-sea interface. Objectives We explored the influence of landscape configuration and degradation of adjacent mangroves on the dynamics and fate of C-org in seagrass habitats. Methods Through predictive modelling, we assessed sedimentary C-org content, stocks and source composition in multiple seascapes (km-wide buffer zones) dominated by different seagrass communities in northwest Madagascar. The study area encompassed seagrass meadows adjacent to intact and deforested mangroves. Results The sedimentary C-org content was influenced by a combination of landscape metrics and inherent habitat plant- and sediment-properties. We found a strong land-to-sea gradient, likely driven by hydrodynamic forces, generating distinct patterns in sedimentary C-org levels in seagrass seascapes. There was higher C-org content and a mangrove signal in seagrass surface sediments closer to the deforested mangrove area, possibly due to an escalated export of C-org from deforested mangrove soils. Seascapes comprising large continuous seagrass meadows had higher sedimentary C-org levels in comparison to more diverse and patchy seascapes. Conclusion Our results emphasize the benefit to consider the influence of seascape configuration and connectivity to accurately assess C-org content in coastal habitats. Understanding spatial patterns of variability and what is driving the observed patterns is useful for identifying carbon sink hotspots and develop management prioritizations.
4.	Asplund, Maria. E., 1970, et al. (author) Methane Emissions From Nordic Seagrass Meadow Sediments 2022 In: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-7745. ; 8 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Shallow coastal soft bottoms are important carbon sinks. Submerged vegetation has been shown to sequester carbon, increase sedimentary organic carbon (C-org) and thus suppress greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The ongoing regression of seagrass cover in many areas of the world can therefore lead to accelerated emission of GHGs. In Nordic waters, seagrass meadows have a high capacity for carbon storage, with some areas being recognized as blue carbon hotspots. To what extent these carbon stocks lead to emission of methane (CH4) is not yet known. We investigated benthic CH4 emission (i.e., net release from the sediment) in relation to seagrass (i.e. Zostera marina) cover and sedimentary C-org content (%) during the warm summer period (when emissions are likely to be highest). Methane exchange was measured in situ with benthic chambers at nine sites distributed in three regions along a salinity gradient from similar to 6 in the Baltic Sea (Finland) to similar to 20 in Kattegat (Denmark) and similar to 26 in Skagerrak (Sweden). The net release of CH4 from seagrass sediments and adjacent unvegetated areas was generally low compared to other coastal habitats in the region (such as mussel banks and wetlands) and to other seagrass areas worldwide. The lowest net release was found in Finland. We found a positive relationship between CH4 net release and sedimentary C-org content in both seagrass meadows and unvegetated areas, whereas no clear relationship between seagrass cover and CH4 net release was observed. Overall, the data suggest that Nordic Zostera marina meadows release average levels of CH4 ranging from 0.3 to 3.0 mu g CH4 m(-2) h(-1), which is at least 12-78 times lower (CO2 equivalents) than their carbon accumulation rates previously estimated from seagrass meadows in the region, thereby not hampering their role as carbon sinks. Thus, the relatively weak CH4 emissions from Nordic Z. marina meadows will not outweigh their importance as carbon sinks under present environmental conditions.
5.	Bittner, VA, et al. (author) Effect of Alirocumab on Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Risk After Acute Coronary Syndrome 2020 In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1558-3597 .- 0735-1097. ; 75:2, s. 133-144 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
6.	Dahl, Martin, 1984-, et al. (author) A 2,000-Year Record of Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) : Colonization Shows Substantial Gains in Blue Carbon Storage and Nutrient Retention 2024 In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0886-6236 .- 1944-9224. ; 38:3 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Assessing historical environmental conditions linked to habitat colonization is important for understanding long-term resilience and improving conservation and restoration efforts. Such information is lacking for the seagrass Zostera marina, an important foundation species across cold-temperate coastal areas of the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we reconstructed environmental conditions during the last 14,000 years from sediment cores in two eelgrass (Z. marina) meadows along the Swedish west coast, with the main aims to identify the time frame of seagrass colonization and describe subsequent biogeochemical changes following establishment. Based on vegetation proxies (lipid biomarkers), eelgrass colonization occurred about 2,000 years ago after geomorphological changes that resulted in a shallow, sheltered environment favoring seagrass growth. Seagrass establishment led to up to 20- and 24-fold increases in sedimentary carbon and nitrogen accumulation rates, respectively. This demonstrates the capacity of seagrasses as efficient ecosystem engineers and their role in global change mitigation and adaptation through CO2 removal, and nutrient and sediment retention. By combining regional climate projections and landscape models, we assessed potential climate change effects on seagrass growth, productivity and distribution until 2100. These predictions showed that seagrass meadows are mostly at risk from increased sedimentation and hydrodynamic changes, while the impact from sea level rise alone might be of less importance in the studied area. This study showcases the positive feedback between seagrass colonization and environmental conditions, which holds promise for successful conservation and restoration efforts aimed at supporting climate change mitigation and adaptation, and the provision of several other crucial ecosystem services. © 2024. The Authors.
7.	Dahl, Martin, et al. (author) A temporal record of microplastic pollution in Mediterranean seagrass soils 2021 In: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 273 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Plastic pollution is emerging as a potential threat to the marine environment. In the current study, we selected seagrass meadows, known to efficiently trap organic and inorganic particles, to investigate the concentrations and dynamics of microplastics in their soil. We assessed microplastic contamination and accumulation in 210Pb dated soil cores collected in Posidonia oceanica meadows at three locations along the Spanish Mediterranean coast, with two sites located in the Almería region (Agua Amarga and Roquetas) and one at Cabrera Island (Santa Maria). Almería is known for its intense agricultural industry with 30 000 ha of plastic-covered greenhouses, while the Cabrera Island is situated far from urban areas. Microplastics were extracted using enzymatic digestion and density separation. The particles were characterized by visual identification and with Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and related to soil age-depth chronologies. Our findings showed that the microplastic contamination and accumulation was negligible until the mid-1970s, after which plastic particles increased dramatically, with the highest concentrations of microplastic particles (MPP) found in the recent (since 2012) surface soil of Agua Amarga (3819 MPP kg-1), followed by the top-most layers of the soil of the meadows in Roquetas (2173 kg-1) and Santa Maria (68-362 kg-1). The highest accumulation rate was seen in the Roquetas site (8832 MPP m-2 yr-1). The increase in microplastics in the seagrass soil was associated to land-use change following the intensification of the agricultural industry in the area, with a clear relationship between the development of the greenhouse industry in Almería and the concentration of microplastics in the historical soil record. This study shows a direct linkage between intense anthropogenic activity, an extensive use of plastics and high plastic contamination in coastal marine ecosystems such as seagrass meadows. We highlight the need of proper waste management to protect the coastal environment from continuous pollution.
8.	Dahl, Martin, et al. (author) Effects of seagrass overgrazing on sediment erosion and carbon sink capacity : Current understanding and future priorities 2021 In: Limnology and Oceanography Letters. - : Wiley. - 2378-2242. ; 6:6, s. 309-319 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We searched the literature for experimental and observational studies assessing the effects of seagrass overgrazing on erosion of sediment and sedimentary organic carbon (SOC) and found that most studies reported a significant impact, likely caused by a cascading effect (i.e., seagrass shoot loss -> belowground biomass degradation -> sediment destabilization or SOC erosion). However, there appears to be a clear lack of knowledge on the extent and mechanisms behind SOC erosion in seagrass meadows and we highlight the need for research to (1) define spatial and temporal scales of occurrence; (2) assess the influence of belowground biomass degradation, sediment characteristics, and hydrodynamic exposure on sediment stabilization; and (3) estimate the greenhouse gas emission after a disturbance. Such information would help coastal resource managers to address the causes and effects of SOC loss and sediment erosion when evaluating impacts of global change on coastal ecosystems.
9.	Dahl, Martin, 1984-, et al. (author) First assessment of seagrass carbon accumulation rates in Sweden: A field study from a fjord system at the Skagerrak coast 2023 In: PLoS Climate. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 2767-3200. ; 2:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Seagrass meadows are globally important blue carbon sinks. In northern cold-temperate regions, eelgrass (Zostera marina) is the dominant seagrass species, and although their sedimentary carbon stocks have been quantified across regions, information regarding the CO2 withdrawal capacity as carbon sinks remains scarce. Here we assessed the carbon (Corg) accumulation rates (CARs) and stocks as well as the organic matter sources in five seagrass meadows in the Gullmar Fjord area on the Swedish Skagerrak coast. We found that the mean (±SD) CAR was 14 ± 3 g Corg m-2 yr-1 over the last ~120–140 years (corresponding to a yearly uptake of 52.4 ± 12.6 g CO2 m-2). The carbon sink capacity is in line with other Z. marina areas but relatively low compared to other seagrass species and regions globally. About half of the sedimentary carbon accumulation (7.1 ± 3.3 g Corg m-2 yr-1) originated from macroalgae biomass, which highlights the importance of non-seagrass derived material for the carbon sink function of seagrass meadows in the area. The Corg stocks were similar among sites when comparing at a standardized depth of 50 cm (4.6–5.9 kg Corg m-2), but showed large variation when assessed for the total extent of the cores (ranging from 0.7 to 20.6 kg Corg m-2 for sediment depths of 11 to at least 149 cm). The low sediment accretion rates (1.18–1.86 mm yr-1) and the relatively thick sediment deposits (with a maximum of >150 cm of sediment depth) suggests that the carbon stocks have likely been accumulated for an extended period of time, and that the documented loss of seagrass meadows in the Swedish Skagerrak region and associated erosion of the sediment could potentially have offset centuries of carbon sequestration.
10.	Dahl, Martin, 1984, et al. (author) Guard extraction for modeling and control of a collaborative assembly station 2020 In: IFAC-PapersOnLine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8963. ; 53:4, s. 223-228 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract A transition system represented by guards and actions can be amended by new guards computed in order to satisfy some specification. If the transition system is the result of composing smaller state machines, guard extraction can be used to put the new guards onto the guards the original state machines. Planning and verification can then be performed directly on the system with additional guards. In this paper we discuss the benefits of applying guard extraction as part of the modeling work in a modular control architecture, where reusable resources are composed using specifications. We show with an example from the development of an industrial demonstrator that even if the specification language is limited to invariant propositions, in practice many common safety specifications can be expressed when combined with a notion of which transitions are allowed to be restricted.
11.	Dahl, Martin, et al. (author) High Seasonal Variability in Sediment Carbon Stocks of Cold-Temperate Seagrass Meadows 2020 In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. - 2169-8953 .- 2169-8961. ; 125:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract ©2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Seagrass meadows have a high ability to capture and store atmospheric CO2 in the plant biomass and underlying sediment and thereby function as efficient carbon sinks. The seagrass Zostera marina is a common species in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, a region with strong seasonal variations in climate. How seasonality affects carbon storage capacity in seagrass meadows is largely unknown, and therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess variations in sedimentary total organic carbon (TOC) content over a 1-year cycle in seagrass meadows on the Swedish west coast. The TOC was measured in two Z. marina sites, one wave exposed and one sheltered, and at two depths (1.5 and 4 m) within each site, every second month from August 2015 to June 2016. We found a strong seasonal variation in carbon density, with a peak in early summer (June), and that the TOC was negatively correlated to the net community production of the meadows, presumably related to organic matter degradation. There was seasonal variation in TOC content at all sediment sections, indicating that the carbon content down to 30 cm is unstable on a seasonal scale and therefore likely not a long-term carbon sink. The yearly mean carbon stocks were substantially higher in the sheltered meadow (3,965 and 3,465 g m−2) compared to the exposed one (2,712 and 1,054 g m−2) with similar seasonal variation. Due to the large intra-annual variability in TOC content, seasonal variation should be considered in carbon stock assessments and management for cold-temperate seagrass meadows.
12.	Dahl, Martin, 1984-, et al. (author) Impacts of land-use change and urban development on carbon sequestration in tropical seagrass meadow sediments 2022 In: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136 .- 1879-0291. ; 176 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Seagrass meadows store significant carbon stocks at a global scale, but land-use change and other anthropogenic activities can alter the natural process of organic carbon (Corg) accumulation. Here, we assessed the carbon accumulation history of two seagrass meadows in Zanzibar (Tanzania) that have experienced different degrees of disturbance. The meadow at Stone Town has been highly exposed to urban development during the 20th century, while the Mbweni meadow is located in an area with relatively low impacts but historical clearing of adjacent mangroves. The results showed that the two sites had similar sedimentary Corg accumulation rates (22–25 g m−2 yr−1) since the 1940s, while during the last two decades (∼1998 until 2018) they exhibited 24–30% higher accumulation of Corg, which was linked to shifts in Corg sources. The increase in the δ13C isotopic signature of sedimentary Corg (towards a higher seagrass contribution) at the Stone Town site since 1998 points to improved seagrass meadow conditions and Corg accumulation capacity of the meadow after the relocation of a major sewage outlet in the mid–1990s. In contrast, the decrease in the δ13C signatures of sedimentary Corg in the Mbweni meadow since the early 2010s was likely linked to increased Corg run-off of mangrove/terrestrial material following mangrove deforestation. This study exemplifies two different pathways by which land-based human activities can alter the carbon storage capacity of seagrass meadows (i.e. sewage waste management and mangrove deforestation) and showcases opportunities for management of vegetated coastal Corg sinks.
13.	Dahl, Martin, 1984, et al. (author) Interactive formal specification for efficient preparation of intelligent automation systems 2022 In: CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1755-5817 .- 1878-0016. ; 38, s. 129-138 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The automation system of the future will consist of an increasing amount of complex resources, such as collaborative robots and/or autonomously roaming robots for material handling. To control these devices in an environment shared with human operators require state of the art computer perception and motion planning algorithms to be used as part of the automation system. This new type of intelligent automation system, where intelligent machines and learning algorithms are replacing more traditional automation solutions, requires new methods and workflows to keep up with the increase in complexity. This paper presents an interactive and iterative framework for solving some of these new challenges. The framework supports model-based control system preparation performed simultaneously to preparation of 3D geometries, positioning of robots, and tool design. The workflow enables an interactive preparation process, where new resources and constraints can be added to a live (real or simulated) automation system and control system failures can be analyzed in familiar tools for virtual preparation. Additionally, the paper describes how the integrated preparation process was applied to reconfiguring an industrial use case that includes a collaborative robot working side by side with a human operator, smart tools, and a vision system for localizing both work objects and tools.
14.	Dahl, Martin, 1984, et al. (author) Sequence Planner: A Framework for Control of Intelligent Automation Systems 2022 In: Applied Sciences (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3417. ; 12:11 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This paper presents a framework that tackles the challenges met in the development of automation systems featuring collaborative robotics and other machines that have some degree of autonomy. These machines rely on online algorithms for both sensing and acting in order to achieve a very high level of flexibility. To take advantage of these new machines and algorithms, control systems must also be increasingly flexible. In this paper, we present a framework for control of this new class of intelligent automation systems called Sequence Planner (SP), which helps with control of both traditional automation equipment and machines with autonomy. To aid the complex task of developing automation control solutions, SP relies on supporting algorithms for control logic synthesis and online planning. SP has been implemented with plug-in support for the Robot Operating System (ROS) and applied to an industrial demonstrator. We present our findings on how SP performed as a control system for this demonstrator, where we show that it is an adequate approach to implement automation for a highly flexible single station system. As a standardized way of automating such systems is missing, we hope that our contribution will provide a foundation for how to develop intelligent automation systems.
15.	Dahl, Martin, et al. (author) The influence of hydrodynamic exposure on carbon storage and nutrient retention in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) meadows on the Swedish Skagerrak coast 2020 In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Cold-temperate seagrass (Zostera marina) meadows provide several important ecosystem services, including trapping and storage of sedimentary organic carbon and nutrients. However, seagrass meadows are rapidly decreasing worldwide and there is a pressing need for protective management of the meadows and the organic matter sinks they create. Their carbon and nutrient storage potential must be properly evaluated, both at present situation and under future climate change impacts. In this study, we assessed the effect of wave exposure on sedimentary carbon and nitrogen accumulation using existing data from 53 Z. marina meadows at the Swedish west coast. We found that meadows with higher hydrodynamic exposure had larger absolute organic carbon and nitrogen stocks (at 0-25 cm depth). This can be explained by a hydrodynamically induced sediment compaction in more exposed sites, resulting in increased sediment density and higher accumulation (per unit volume) of sedimentary organic carbon and nitrogen. With higher sediment density, the erosion threshold is assumed to increase, and as climate change-induced storms are predicted to be more common, we suggest that wave exposed meadows can be more resilient toward storms and might therefore be even more important as carbon- and nutrient sinks in the future.
16.	Dahlin, Lars B., et al. (author) Three-dimensional architecture of human diabetic peripheral nerves revealed by X-ray phase contrast holographic nanotomography 2020 In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A deeper knowledge of the architecture of the peripheral nerve with three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the nerve tissue at the sub-cellular scale may contribute to unravel the pathophysiology of neuropathy. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of X-ray phase contrast holographic nanotomography to enable 3D imaging of nerves at high resolution, while covering a relatively large tissue volume. We show various subcomponents of human peripheral nerves in biopsies from patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes and in a healthy subject. Together with well-organized, parallel myelinated nerve fibres we show regenerative clusters with twisted nerve fibres, a sprouted axon from a node of Ranvier and other specific details. A novel 3D construction (with movie created) of a node of Ranvier with end segment of a degenerated axon and sprout of a regenerated one is captured. Many of these architectural elements are not described in the literature. Thus, X-ray phase contrast holographic nanotomography enables identifying specific morphological structures in 3D in peripheral nerve biopsies from a healthy subject and from patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes.
17.	Gullström, Martin, et al. (author) Coastal blue carbon stocks in Tanzania and Mozambique : Support for climate adaptation and mitigation actions 2021 Book (peer-reviewed)
18.	Ismail, Rashid O., 1986-, et al. (author) Effects of calcification on air-water CO2 fluxes in tropical seagrass meadows : A mesocosm experiment 2023 In: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0981 .- 1879-1697. ; 561 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Seagrass meadows deliver a range of ecosystem services, where one of the more important is the capacity to store carbon and serve as sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide. The capacity of seagrass meadows for carbon storage might, however, be modified and complicated by several factors; one important factor is the possible effects of calcification within the meadows. In tropical areas, seagrass meadows can contain high proportions of calcareous organisms, which through their calcification may cause release of CO2. To study this aspect of the CO2 balance within tropical seagrass systems, we investigated the air-water CO2 flux in seagrass mesocosms with different plant community compositions, i.e. mixtures of seagrass and calcifying macroalgae, having similar overall photosynthetic oxygen evolution rates. The measured CO2 fluxes changed both in rate and direction over the day and were significantly related to plant community composition. Downward fluxes of CO2 were found only over vegetation with high proportion of seagrass and in the afternoon, whereas occurrence of calcifying algae appeared to reverse the flow. A partial least squares (PLS) regression model indicated that pH, pCO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were the primary environmental variables predicting the CO2 fluxes. Our findings show that algal calcification might partly counteract the carbon sequestration in seagrass meadows.
19.	Krause-Jensen, D, et al. (author) Nordic Blue Carbon Ecosystems: Status and Outlook 2022 In: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 9 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract Vegetated coastal and marine habitats in the Nordic region include salt marshes, eelgrass meadows and, in particular, brown macroalgae (kelp forests and rockweed beds). Such habitats contribute to storage of organic carbon (Blue Carbon – BC) and support coastal protection, biodiversity and water quality. Protection and restoration of these habitats therefore have the potential to deliver climate change mitigation and co-benefits. Here we present the existing knowledge on Nordic BC habitats in terms of habitat area, C-stocks and sequestration rates, co-benefits, policies and management status to inspire a coherent Nordic BC roadmap. The area extent of BC habitats in the region is incompletely assessed, but available information sums up to 1,440 km2 salt marshes, 1,861 (potentially 2,735) km2 seagrass meadows, and 16,532 km2 (potentially 130,735 km2, including coarse Greenland estimates) brown macroalgae, yielding a total of 19,833 (potentially 134,910) km2. Saltmarshes and seagrass meadows have experienced major declines over the past century, while macroalgal trends are more diverse. Based on limited salt marsh data, sediment C-stocks average 3,311 g Corg m-2 (top 40-100 cm) and sequestration rates average 142 g Corg m-2 yr-1. Eelgrass C-stocks average 2,414 g Corg m-2 (top 25 cm) and initial data for sequestration rates range 5-33 g Corg m-2, quantified for one Greenland site and one short term restoration. For Nordic brown macroalgae, peer-reviewed estimates of sediment C-stock and sequestration are lacking. Overall, the review reveals substantial Nordic BC-stocks, but highlights that evidence is still insufficient to provide a robust estimate of all Nordic BC-stocks and sequestration rates. Needed are better quantification of habitat area, C-stocks and fluxes, particularly for macroalgae, as well as identification of target areas for BC management. The review also points to directives and regulations protecting Nordic marine vegetation, and local restoration initiatives with potential to increase C-sequestration but underlines that increased coordination at national and Nordic scales and across sectors is needed. We propose a Nordic BC roadmap for science and management to maximize the potential of BC habitats to mitigate climate change and support coastal protection, biodiversity and additional ecosystem functions.
20.	Oikonomou, Vasileios, et al. (author) Elucidating the Bulk Morphology of Cellulose-Based Conducting Aerogels with X-Ray Microtomography 2023 In: Advanced Materials Technologies. - : WILEY. - 2365-709X. ; 8:23 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Conducting cellulose composites are promising sustainable functional materials that have found application in energy devices, sensing and water purification. Herein, conducting aerogels are fabricated based on nanofibrillated cellulose and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, using the ice templating technique, and their bulk morphology is characterized with X-ray microtomography. The freezing method (−20 °C in a freezer vs liquid nitrogen) does not impact the mean porosity of the aerogels but the liquid-N2 aerogels have smaller pores. The integration of carbon fibers as addressing electrodes prior to freezing results in increased mean porosity and pore size in the liquid-N2 aerogels signifying that the carbon fibers alter the morphology of the aerogels when the freezing is fast. Spatially resolved porosity and pore size distributions also reveal that the liquid-N2 aerogels are more inhomogeneous. Independent of the freezing method, the aerogels have similar electrochemical properties. For aerogels without carbon fibers, freezer-aerogels have higher compression modulus and are less stable under cycling compression fatigue test. This can be explained by higher porosity with larger pores in the center of liquid-N2 aerogels and thinner pore walls. This work demonstrates that micro-CT is a powerful tool for characterizing the morphology of aerogels in a non-destructive and spatially resolved manner.
21.	Silas, Mathew O., et al. (author) Seascape configuration influences big blue octopus (Octopus cyanea) catches: Implications for a sustainable fishery 2023 In: FISHERIES RESEARCH. - : Elsevier. - 0165-7836 .- 1872-6763. ; 264 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Seascape configuration is known to influence fish distribution and abundance in coastal waters. However, there is little information regarding how the shape of the coastal seascape influences catches of landed fisheries species, particularly so in the understudied western Indian Ocean (WIO). With focus on big blue octopus (Octopus cyanea), which is a widely found cephalopod species in the WIO, we compared landed catches (biomass, catch rate, and density) in submerged and exposed reefs, and explored the influence of proximity to fishing villages and reef habitat size on octopus landings. We used fishery-dependent data collected between 2018 and 2020 from eight landing sites spread across the Tanzanian coast. We found a strong relationship between biomass of octopus catch and distance from fished reefs to fishing villages, with higher fished biomass on reefs farther away. Octopus densities were higher, while catch rates were lower, on reefs very close to (within one km distance from) fishing villages compared to more distant reefs. In general, submerged reefs provided higher catches than exposed reefs. The low octopus catches on the exposed reefs were attributed to high fishing pressure, while submerged reefs that are only accessible through diving provide optimal areas for octopuses to grow. Octopus catches were, however, not significantly affected by reef size. The findings suggest that management policies should propor-tionate fishing efforts to ensure sustainable exploitation of reefs and associated fishery resources.
22.	Tichit, Pierre, et al. (author) InSegtCone : interactive segmentation of crystalline cones in compound eyes 2022 In: BMC Zoology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2056-3132. ; 7:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Understanding the diversity of eyes is crucial to unravel how different animals use vision to interact with their respective environments. To date, comparative studies of eye anatomy are scarce because they often involve time-consuming or inefficient methods. X-ray micro-tomography (micro-CT) is a promising high-throughput imaging technique that enables to reconstruct the 3D anatomy of eyes, but powerful tools are needed to perform fast conversions of anatomical reconstructions into functional eye models. Results: We developed a computing method named InSegtCone to automatically segment the crystalline cones in the apposition compound eyes of arthropods. Here, we describe the full auto-segmentation process, showcase its application to three different insect compound eyes and evaluate its performance. The auto-segmentation could successfully label the full individual shapes of 60-80% of the crystalline cones and is about as accurate and 250 times faster than manual labelling of the individual cones. Conclusions: We believe that InSegtCone can be an important tool for peer scientists to measure the orientation, size and dynamics of crystalline cones, leading to the accurate optical modelling of the diversity of arthropod eyes with micro-CT.
23.	Alkner, Sara, et al. (author) Quality assessment of radiotherapy in the prospective randomized SENOMAC trial 2024 In: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 197 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background and purpose: Recommendations for regional radiotherapy (RT) of sentinel lymph node (SLN)-positive breast cancer are debated. We here report a RT quality assessment of the SENOMAC trial.Materials and Methods: The SENOMAC trial randomized clinically node-negative breast cancer patients with 1–2 SLN macrometastases to completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND) or SLN biopsy only between 2015–2021. Adjuvant RT followed national guidelines. RT plans for patients included in Sweden and Denmark until June 2019 were collected (N = 1176) and compared to case report forms (CRF). Dose to level I (N = 270) and the humeral head (N = 321) was analyzed in detail.Results: CRF-data and RT plans agreed in 99.3 % (breast/chest wall) and in 96.6 % of patients (regional RT). Congruence for whether level I was an intended RT target was lower (78 %). In accordance with Danish national guidelines, level I was more often an intended target in the SLN biopsy only arm (N = 334/611, 55 %,) than in the cALND arm (N = 174/565, 31 %,). When an intended target, level I received prescribed dose to 100 % (IQR 98–100 %) of the volume. However, even when not an intended target, full dose was delivered to > 80 % of level I (IQR 75–90 %). The intentional inclusion of level I in the target volume more than doubled the dose received by ≥ 50 % of the humeral head.Conclusion: Congruence between CRF data and RT plans was excellent. Level I received a high dose coverage even when not intentionally included in the target. Including level I in target significantly increased dose to the humeral head.
24.	Alkner, Sara, et al. (author) Quality assessment of radiotherapy in the prospective randomized SENOMAC trial 2024 In: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 197 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background and purpose: Recommendations for regional radiotherapy (RT) of sentinel lymph node (SLN)-positive breast cancer are debated. We here report a RT quality assessment of the SENOMAC trial. Materials and Methods: The SENOMAC trial randomized clinically node-negative breast cancer patients with 1-2 SLN macrometastases to completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND) or SLN biopsy only between 2015-2021. Adjuvant RT followed national guidelines. RT plans for patients included in Sweden and Denmark until June 2019 were collected (N = 1176) and compared to case report forms (CRF). Dose to level I (N = 270) and the humeral head (N = 321) was analyzed in detail.
25.	Berg, Urban, et al. (author) Fast-Track Programs in Total Hip and Knee Replacement at Swedish Hospitals-Influence on 2-Year Risk of Revision and Mortality 2021 In: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI AG. - 2077-0383. ; 10:8 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Purpose: We aimed to study the influence of fast-track care programs in total hip and total knee replacements (THR and TKR) at Swedish hospitals on the risk of revision and mortality within 2 years after the operation. Methods: Data were collected from the Swedish Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Registers (SHAR and SKAR), including 67,913 THR and 59,268 TKR operations from 2011 to 2015 on patients with osteoarthritis. Operations from 2011 to 2015 Revision and mortality in the fast-track group were compared with non-fast-track using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis with adjustments. Results: The hazard ratio (HR) for revision within 2 years after THR with fast-track was 1.19 (CI: 1.03-1.39), indicating increased risk, whereas no increased risk was found in TKR (HR 0.91; CI: 0.79-1.06). The risk of death within 2 years was estimated with a HR of 0.85 (CI: 0.74-0.97) for TKR and 0.96 (CI: 0.85-1.09) for THR in fast-track hospitals compared to non-fast-track. Conclusions: Fast-track programs at Swedish hospitals were associated with an increased risk of revision in THR but not in TKR, while we found the mortality to be lower (TKR) or similar (THR) as compared to non-fast track.
26.	Berg, Urban, et al. (author) Influence of fast-track programs on patient-reported outcomes in total hip and knee replacement (THR/TKR) at Swedish hospitals 2011-2015: an observational study including 51,169 THR and 8,393 TKR operations 2020 In: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 91:3, s. 306-312 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background and purpose - Fast-track care programs have been broadly introduced at Swedish hospitals in elective total hip and knee replacement (THR/TKR). We studied the influence of fast-track programs on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) 1 year after surgery, by exploring outcome measures registered in the Swedish arthroplasty registers. Patients and methods - Data were obtained from the Swedish Knee and Hip Arthroplasty Registers and included TKR and THR operations 2011-2015 on patients with osteoarthritis. Based on questionnaires concerning the clinical pathway and care programs at Swedish hospitals, the patients were divided in 2 groups depending on whether they had been operated in a fast-track program or not. PROs of the fast-track group were compared with not fast-track using regression analysis. EQ-5D, EQ VAS, Pain VAS, and Satisfaction VAS were analyzed for both THR and TKR operations. The PROMs for TKR also included KOOS. Results - The differences of EQ-5D, EQ VAS, Pain VAS, and Satisfaction VAS 1 year after surgery were small but all in favor of fast-track for both THR and TKR, also in subscales of KOOS for TKR except KOOS QoL. However, the effect sizes as measured by Cohens' d formula were < 0.2 for all PROs, in both THR and TKR. Interpretation - Our results indicate that the fast-track programs may be at least as good as conventional care from the perspective of PROs 1-year postoperatively.
27.	Björk, M, et al. (author) Marina kolsänkor livsviktiga för ekosystem och klimat 2021 In: Sveriges vattenmiljö. Journal article (other academic/artistic)
28.	Cesaro, S, et al. (author) Impact of early candidemia on the long-term outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant in non-leukemic patients: an outcome analysis on behalf of IDWP-EBMT 2021 In: Bone marrow transplantation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5365 .- 0268-3369. ; 56:67, s. 1563-1572 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
29.	Chen, DN, et al. (author) Consensus Parameter: Research Methodologies to Evaluate Neurodevelopmental Effects of Pubertal Suppression in Transgender Youth 2020 In: Transgender health. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 2688-4887 .- 2380-193X. ; 5:4, s. 246-257 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
30.	Collins, Gabriel, et al. (author) Projecting demand for mineral-based critical materials in the energy transition for electricity 2024 In: Mineral Economics. - : Springer Nature. - 2191-2203 .- 2191-2211. ; 37:2, s. 245-263 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Several large scenario exercises in the last years present decarbonizing transitional energy pathways to 2050 and beyond. This changing energy landscape toward net zero is new territory to explore but is expected to be more intensive in mineral based materials than the current system. Mapping this territory and understanding the critical material needs to support the transition are essential for demanders and suppliers as well as policy makers seeking to orchestrate the transition. Our contribution is to provide such decision makers for electricity markets with a transparent tool that can be easily understood and modified as our transitional knowledge improves. In this tool, we take the International Energy Agency’s conservative Beyond Two Degrees scenario, which projects renewable energy penetration for 15 electricity technologies, supplemented by Bloomberg’s Electrical Vehicle Outlook. Coupling these electricity projections with estimates of material use per GW of new capacity, we estimate resulting needs for 33 materials through 2050. Assuming constant material intensities and recycle rates, our model finds dramatic increases in most included materials from 2021 to 2050. The total projected tonnage increases in materials used for the transition is 294% with a compounded average annual growth rate of 4.8%. However, there is wide heterogeneity across materials (from slightly negative for tungsten to nearly 1300% for lithium). Projected 2050 sales vary from less than 30 tonnes for hafnium and yttrium (with quantity demanded growth of − 4.8% from 2021 to 2050) to more than 17 million tonnes for steel (with growth of 291%) and aluminum (growth 419%). At 2021 prices, 2050 sales revenue varies from less than a million dollars for boron (growth of 164%) to more than $42 billion for aluminum (growth 419%), nickel (growth of 279%), and steel (growth of 291%).
31.	Dahl-Halvarsson, Martin, et al. (author) Impaired muscle morphology in a Drosophila model of myosin storage myopathy was supressed by overexpression of an E3 ubiquitin ligase 2020 In: Disease Models & Mechanisms. - : The Company of Biologists. - 1754-8403 .- 1754-8411. ; 13:12 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Myosin is vital for body movement and heart contractility. Mutations in MYH7, encoding slow/beta-cardiac myosin heavy chain, are an important cause of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy, as well as skeletal muscle disease. A dominant missense mutation (R1845W) in MYH7 has been reported in several unrelated cases of myosin storage myopathy. We have developed a Drosophila model for a myosin storage myopathy in order to investigate the dose-dependent mechanisms underlying the pathological roles of the R1845W mutation. This study shows that a higher expression level of the mutated allele is concomitant with severe impairment of muscle function and progressively disrupted muscle morphology. The impaired muscle morphology associated with the mutant allele was suppressed by expression of Thin (herein referred to as Abba), an E3 ubiquitin ligase. This Drosophila model recapitulates pathological features seen in myopathy patients with the R1845W mutation and severe ultrastructural abnormalities, including extensive loss of thick filaments with selective A-band loss, and preservation of I-band and Z-disks were observed in indirect flight muscles of flies with exclusive expression of mutant myosin. Furthermore, the impaired muscle morphology associated with the mutant allele was suppressed by expression of Abba. These findings suggest that modification of the ubiquitin proteasome system may be beneficial in myosin storage myopathy by reducing the impact of MYH7 mutation in patients.
32.	Dahl, Martin, 1984, et al. (author) Application of the sequence planner control framework to an intelligent automation system with a focus on error handling 2021 In: Machines. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-1702. ; 9:3 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Future automation systems are likely to include devices with a varying degree of autonomy, as well as advanced algorithms for perception and control. Human operators will be expected to work side by side with both collaborative robots performing assembly tasks and roaming robots that handle material transport. To maintain the flexibility provided by human operators when introducing such robots, these autonomous robots need to be intelligently coordinated, i.e., they need to be supported by an intelligent automation system. One challenge in developing intelligent automation systems is handling the large amount of possible error situations that can arise due to the volatile and sometimes unpredictable nature of the environment. Sequence Planner is a control framework that supports the development of intelligent automation systems. This paper describes Sequence Planner and tests its ability to handle errors that arise during execution of an intelligent automation system. An automation system, developed using Sequence Planner, is subjected to a number of scenarios where errors occur. The error scenarios and experimental results are presented along with a discussion of the experience gained in trying to achieve robust intelligent automation.
33.	Dahl, Martin, 1984 (author) Preparation and control of intelligent automation systems 2021 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract In the automation systems of tomorrow, it is likely that the devices included have various degrees of autonomy, and include advanced algorithms for perception and control. Human operators will be expected to work together with collaborative robots as well as with roaming robots for material handling. The volatile nature of the environment of such intelligent automation systems lead to an enormous amount of possible situations that can arise and which need to be suitably handled. This complexity makes development of control systems for intelligent automation systems difficult using traditional methods. As an alternative, this thesis presents a model-based control framework, which uses a combination of formal specification and automated planning. The proposed framework allows for defining the intentions of the automation system on a high level, which enables decisions that influence when things should occur to be modeled using logical constraints, rather than programming. To achieve a modular framework, low level, reusable, resource models are composed by 1) formal specification to ensure safety and 2) applying an abstraction called an operation, which couples the reusable resources to the intentions of the system. By planning also the resources' detailed actions, the operations can, when possible, be completed regardless of the resources' current state. This eases error-recovery, as resources do not have to be reset when an error occurs. Additionally, the thesis proposes an iterative and interactive workflow for integrating the proposed model-based control framework into a virtual preparation process, using computer-based simulation as a tool for validating formal specifications. The control framework allows for adding new constraints to a running system, enabling an efficient and interactive preparation process. The framework has been applied to a use case from final assembly, which features human-robot collaboration. Experimental results on the ability to handle unforeseen errors and planning performance are presented.
34.	Dahl, Martin, et al. (author) Ranking the risk of CO2 emissions from seagrass soil carbon stocks under global change threats 2023 In: Global Environmental Change. - : Elsevier. - 0959-3780 .- 1872-9495. ; 78 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Seagrass meadows are natural carbon storage hotspots at risk from global change threats, and their loss can result in the remineralization of soil carbon stocks and CO2 emissions fueling climate change. Here we used expert elicitation and empirical evidence to assess the risk of CO2 emissions from seagrass soils caused by multiple human-induced, biological and climate change threats. Judgments from 41 experts were synthesized into a seagrass CO2 emission risk score based on vulnerability factors (i.e., spatial scale, frequency, magnitude, resistance and recovery) to seagrass soil organic carbon stocks. Experts perceived that climate change threats (e.g., gradual ocean warming and increased storminess) have the highest risk for CO2 emissions at global spatial scales, while direct threats (i.e., dredging and building of a marina or jetty) have the largest CO2 emission risks at local spatial scales. A review of existing peer-reviewed literature showed a scarcity of studies assessing CO2 emissions following seagrass disturbance, but the limited empirical evidence partly confirmed the opinion of experts. The literature review indicated that direct and long-term disturbances have the greatest negative impact on soil carbon stocks per unit area, highlighting that immediate management actions after disturbances to recover the seagrass canopy can significantly reduce soil CO2 emissions. We conclude that further empirical evidence assessing global change threats on the seagrass carbon sink capacity is required to aid broader uptake of seagrass into blue carbon policy frameworks. The preliminary findings from this study can be used to estimate the potential risk of CO2 emissions from seagrass habitats under threat and guide nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation.
35.	Dahl, Victor Naestholt, et al. (author) Global trends of pulmonary infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria: a systematic review 2022 In: International Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1201-9712 .- 1878-3511. ; 125, s. 120-131 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract Objectives: To describe the global trends of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection and disease.Methods: A systematic review of studies including culture-based NTM data over time. Studies reporting on pulmonary NTM infection and/or disease were included. Information on the use of guideline-based criteria for disease were collected, in which, infection is defined as the absence of symptoms and radiological findings compatible with NTM pulmonary disease. The trends of change for incidence/prevalence were evaluated using linear regressions, and the corresponding pooled estimates were calculated.Results: Most studies reported increasing pulmonary NTM infection (82.1%) and disease (66.7%) trends. The overall annual rate of change for NTM infection and disease per 100,000 persons/year was 4.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.2-4.8) and 4.1% (95% CI: 3.2-5.0), respectively. For absolute numbers of NTM infection and disease, the overall annual change was 2.0 (95% CI: 1.6-2.3) and 0.5 (95% CI: 0.3-0.7), respectively. An increasing trend was also seen for Mycobacterium avium complex infection (n = 15/19, 78.9%) and disease (n = 10/12, 83.9%) and for Mycobacterium abscessus complex (n = 15/23, 65.2%) infection (n = 11/17, 64.7%) but less so for disease (n = 2/8, 25.0%).Conclusion: Our data indicate an overall increase in NTM worldwide for both infection and disease. The explanation to this phenomenon warrants further investigation.
36.	Dubois, Kévin, 1995-, et al. (author) Technical note : Extending sea level time series for the analysis of extremes with statistical methods and neighbouring station data 2024 In: Ocean Science. - : Copernicus Publications. - 1812-0784 .- 1812-0792. ; 20:1, s. 21-30 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Extreme sea levels may cause damage and the disruption of activities in coastal areas. Thus, predicting extreme sea levels is essential for coastal management. Statistical inference of robust return level estimates critically depends on the length and quality of the observed time series. Here, we compare two different methods for extending a very short (∼ 10-year) time series of tide gauge measurements using a longer time series from a neighbouring tide gauge: linear regression and random forest machine learning. Both methods are applied to stations located in the Kattegat Basin between Denmark and Sweden. Reasonable results are obtained using both techniques, with the machine learning method providing a better reconstruction of the observed extremes. By generating a set of stochastic time series reflecting uncertainty estimates from the machine learning model and subsequently estimating the corresponding return levels using extreme value theory, the spread in the return levels is found to agree with results derived by more physically based methods.
37.	Eriksson,, Martin, et al. (author) Den lokala naturvårdssatsningens (LONA) bidrag till insatser kring naturvård och friluftsliv i Sverige : Analys av data från LONA-tjänsten 2021 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Denna rapport presenterar en utvärdering av den Lokala naturvårdssatsningen (LONA), ett statligt bidragssystem som syftar till att främja insatser inom lokal naturvård och friluftsliv. Inom LONA kan kommuner ansöka om bidrag, medan projekt får utföras i samverkan mellan kommun och lokala eller ideella aktörer. LONA är sprunget ur en förordning som stipulerar vilka slags naturvårds- och friluftslivsprojekt som kan erhålla statliga bidrag. Under åren har LONA successivt kompletterats med särskilt riktade satsningar: Våtmarkssatsningen och Pollineringssatsningen. Följande projektkategorier kan erhålla stöd inom LONA: kunskapsuppbyggnad, framtagande av underlag, områdesskydd, vård och förvaltning, restaurering, information, folkbildning och annan kunskapsspridning, restaurering/anläggande av våtmarker samt förberedelsearbete inför våtmarksåtgärder. Inom ordinarie LONA samt pollineringssatsningen kan kommuner erhålla upp till 50 % stöd för projektkostnader, medan motsvarande siffra för våtmarkssatsningen är 90 %. Även om LONA har funnits sedan 2004 innefattar denna utvärdering projekt och åtgärder mellan åren 2010 och 2020, med ett särskilt fokus på åren mellan 2017 och 2020. Eftersom LONA har utvärderats ett flertal gånger tidigare kan denna rapport ses som en del i en serie utvärderingar. Rapporten fokuserar på att utvärdera hur projekt och åtgärder som har genomförts inom LONA bidrar till naturvården och miljökvalitetsmålen, samt friluftslivet och friluftslivsmålen.Frågor som adresseras är:• Vilka miljömål och friluftsmål adresseras främst? • Ger LONA påvisbara och/eller kvantifierbara effekter på uppfyllelsen av dessa mål?• I vilken grad ger åtgärder inom LONA direkta och indirekta effekter på naturvärden i miljön? • I vilken grad ger åtgärder inom LONA långtidseffekter på naturvärden i miljön? • Bidrar specifika satsningar på våtmarker och pollinering inom LONA till uppfyllandet av miljökvalitetsmålen och till att genomföra regeringsuppdrag och nationella satsningar?Grunden för utvärderingen var att analysera data från LONA-tjänsten, vilken innehåller information om beviljade projekt och åtgärder. För att ge en längre tillbakablick, och koppla denna utvärdering till tidigare utvärderingar, analyserades vissa data för hela perioden från 2010 till 2020. Djupare analyser genomfördes för perioden mellan 2017 och 2020, då den senaste LONA-utvärderingen gjordes för perioden fram till 2017. Dessutom analyserades projekt och åtgärder inom Våtmarkssatsningen under tidsperioden 2018–2020 och Pollineringsuppdraget under 2020, då detta är de relevanta tidsperioderna för dessa satsningar. De miljömål som i hög grad adresserats av åtgärder inom LONA är Ett rikt växt- och djurliv, följt av God bebyggd miljö, Myllrande våtmarker, Levande sjöar och vattendrag samt Levande skogar. Givet den starka naturvårdskopplingen dessa miljömål har faller sig utfallet rimligt.Miljömål som i lägre grad adresseras är exempelvis Giftfri miljö, Frisk luft och Begränsad klimatpåverkan. Detta resultat är också rimligt då dessa miljömål gynnas mer av direkta regleringar av utsläpp än av traditionella naturvårdsinsatser. Vad gäller friluftsmålen adresseras främst Tillgänglig natur för alla, följt av Tillgång till natur för friluftsliv, Attraktiv tätortsnära natur samt Friluftsliv för god folkhälsa. Friluftsmål som i lägre grad adresseras inom LONA är Hållbar regional utveckling och landsbygdsutveckling och Skyddade områden som resurs för friluftslivet. Inom utvärderingen kunde inte effekter från LONA:s åtgärder i miljön kvantifieras, till stor del på grund av avsaknad av sådana mätningar inom projekten eller systematisk inrapportering av sådana mätvärden. Effekter kunde å andra sidan påvisas genom identifiering av en specifik koppling mellan en åtgärd och ett miljöoch friluftsmålens indikatorer eller preciseringar. Utifrån denna metod detekterades totalt 1 788 åtgärder med påvisbar effekt på miljömålen mellan 2017 och 2020, vilket måste anses vara en betydande påverkan. Dock finns en stor variation mellan miljömålen i hur många åtgärder som kan sägas ha en påvisbar effekt. Ett rikt växt- och djurliv är det miljömål som har flest antal åtgärder med påvisbar effekt och Frisk luft samt Begränsad klimatpåverkan har lägst antal sådana åtgärder. Åtgärder med påvisbara effekter identifierades för alla friluftsmål och uppgick totalt till 567 stycken, vilket utgör en påtaglig positiv påverkan på utvecklingen av friluftsmålen. Fördelningen över dessa åtgärder är något jämnare jämfört med motsvarande åtgärder för miljömålen.Tillgänglig natur för alla är det friluftsmål med flest antal sådana åtgärder och Hållbar regional tillväxt och landsbygdsutveckling är det friluftsmål med lägst antal åtgärder med påvisbar effekt inom perioden 2017 och 2020. Även om åtgärder av administrativ karaktär inte identifierades som åtgärder med en påvisbar effekt är dessa åtgärder nödvändiga för att planera och bedriva naturvård och stimulera friluftslivet. Åtgärder inom LONA har således många påvisbara positiva effekter på miljömålen och friluftsmålen, samt positiva effekter på planering, information och kunskapsuppbyggnad för naturvården och friluftslivet. Inom denna utvärdering analyserades även om direkta och indirekta effekter från åtgärder kan identifieras. Sammantaget identifierades 57 % av åtgärderna mellan 2017 och 2020 ge indirekta effekter och 43 % ge direkta effekter. För vissa miljömål, naturtyper och organismtyper finns dock fler direkta än indirekta effekter. Till följd av intensiv dikning under de senaste 100 åren har c:a en fjärdedel av alla våtmarker i Sverige försvunnit. Våtmarker har flera viktiga funktioner i miljön, bl.a. vattenhushållning i ekosystemen, grundvattenbildning, biologisk mångfald, retention och nedbrytning av näringsämnen och minskade utsläpp av växthusgaser. Minskad våtmarksutbredning är ett stort problem då deras viktiga ekosystemtjänster påverkas negativt. Under åren 2018–2020 har våtmarkssatsningen i medeltal genererat nästan 100 projekt och c:a 270 åtgärder per år. En överväldigande majoritet av åtgärderna ligger inom åtgärdskategorierna Våtmarksprojekt – förberedelsearbete och Våtmarksprojekt – genomföra restaurering och anläggning, och åtgärdstyperna är högst relevanta för våtmarker. Ungefär hälften av åtgärderna riktar sig mot miljömålet Myllrande våtmarker och majoriteten av de kvarvarande åtgärderna inom våtmarksprojekten riktar sig mot miljömål som är tydligt kopplade till våtmarkers funktion i de naturliga ekosystemen. En överväldigande majoritet av åtgärderna inom våtmarksprojekten riktar sig mot relevanta ekosystemtjänster, och även om merparten av våtmarksåtgärderna är riktade mot ospecificerade organismtyper, så gynnar många åtgärder specifikt hotade organismgrupper och biologisk mångfald. Resultaten visar att våtmarkssatsningen tydligt ligger i linje med de rekommendationer som togs fram i redovisningen av regeringsuppdraget för våtmarkers ekologiska och vattenhushållande funktion.Förändrad markanvändning, igenväxning och exploatering av naturliga ekosystem, och användning av bekämpningsmedel har medfört att insekter som pollinerar blomväxter blivit tillbakaträngda. Eftersom c:a 90 % av världens vilda växtarter och 75 % av grödorna är beroende av insekter för att kunna fortplanta sig är detta mycket allvarligt. Även om pollineringsuppdraget endast har pågått sedan 2020, och bara har utvärderats för detta år, har 118 pollineringsprojekt och 467 åtgärder finansierats inom LONA. Dessa projekt och åtgärder har bidragit positivt till regeringsuppdraget att samordna det svenska arbetet med att förstärka förutsättningar för vilda pollinatörer. Majoriteten av åtgärderna inom pollineringsuppdraget riktar sig mot miljömålet Ett rikt växt och djurliv, vilket är helt rimligt då pollinering är en ekosystemtjänst där insekter och blomväxter gynnar varandra. Produktion av livsmedel inom jordbruket är i många fall beroende av pollinering. Det är därför också rimligt att c:a en tiondel av åtgärderna är riktade mot miljömålet Ett rikt odlingslandskap. Pollineringsuppdraget är ett bra exempel på en nationell satsning för att möta detta hot och förbättra förutsättningarna för organismerna som utför denna viktiga ekosystemtjänst. Frågan om LONA:s långsiktiga effekter på naturvärden i miljön är central för att veta hur effektivt LONA är i det svenska naturvårdsarbetet. Inom utvärderingen granskades alla inriktningar, åtgärdskategorier, ekosystemtjänster och åtgärdstyper för att identifiera alla kombinationer av dessa som kan ge långsiktiga effekter i miljön. Åtgärder med inriktningen naturvärde inom vissa åtgärdskategorier, ekosystemtjänster och åtgärdstyper bedömdes ge långsiktiga effekter. Tydliga exempel på långsiktiga effekter är skapande av naturreservat och anläggande av våtmarker, men långsiktiga effekter identifierades också för åtgärder inom andra åtgärdskategorier, ekosystemtjänster och åtgärdstyper.Under perioden 2017–2020 är 620 åtgärder registrerade med inriktningen, åtgärdskategorierna, ekosystemtjänsterna och åtgärdstyperna som bedöms ge direkta långsiktiga effekter på naturvärden i miljön. Metoden för den analysen ger dock en underskattning av långsiktiga effekter och i en uppföljande analys bedömdes minst 66 ytterligare åtgärder ge sådana effekter. Även om det finns utmaningar i att utvärdera långsiktiga effekter baserat på underlaget i LONA-tjänsten så leder projekt och åtgärder ino
38.	Erös, Endre, 1990, et al. (author) Development of an Industry 4.0 Demonstrator Using Sequence Planner and ROS2 2021 In: Studies in Computational Intelligence. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1860-9503 .- 1860-949X. ; 895, s. 3-29 Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract In many modern automation solutions, manual off-line programming is being replaced by online algorithms that dynamically perform tasks based on the state of the environment. Complexities of such systems are pushed even further with collaboration among robots and humans, where intelligent machines and learning algorithms are replacing more traditional automation solutions. This chapter describes the development of an industrial demonstrator using a control infrastructure called Sequence Planner (SP), and presents some lessons learned during development. SP is based on ROS2 and it is designed to aid in handling the increased complexity of these new systems using formal models and online planning algorithms to coordinate the actions of robots and other devices. During development, SP can auto generate ROS nodes and message types as well as support continuous validation and testing. SP is also designed with the aim to handle traditional challenges of automation software development such as safety, reliability and efficiency. In this chapter, it is argued that ROS2 together with SP could be an enabler of intelligent automation for the next industrial revolution.
39.	Erös, Endre, 1990, et al. (author) Evaluation of high level methods for efficient planning as satisfiability 2021 In: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0740 .- 1946-0759. - 9781728129891 ; 26 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Fast planning algorithms play a key role in intelligent automation systems where control sequences are constantly calculated. In order to determine which algorithms increase planning performance, we evaluate and compare several high level planning methods on a set of standard benchmarks. We focus on planning as satisfiability as the leading approach for solving difficult planning problems.
40.	Erös, Endre, 1990, et al. (author) Towards compositional automated planning 2020 In: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. ; 2020-September, s. 416-423 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract The development of efficient propositional satisfiability problem solving algorithms (SAT solvers) in the past two decades has made automated planning using SAT-solvers an established AI planning approach. Modern SAT solvers can accommodate a wide variety of planning problems with a large number of variables. However, fast computing of reasonably long plans proves challenging for planning as satisfiability. In order to address this challenge, we present a compositional approach based on abstraction refinement that iteratively generates, solves and composes partial solutions from a parameterized planning problem. We show that this approach decomposes the monolithic planning problem into smaller problems and thus significantly speeds up plan calculation, at least for a class of tested planning problems.
41.	Finkel, Deborah, et al. (author) Financial strain moderates genetic influences on self-rated health : support for diathesis–stress model of gene–environment interplay 2022 In: Biodemography and Social Biology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1948-5565 .- 1948-5573. ; 67:1, s. 58-70 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Data from the Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortium were used to examine predictions of different models of gene-by-environment interaction to understand how genetic variance in self-rated health (SRH) varies at different levels of financial strain. A total of 11,359 individuals from 10 twin studies in Australia, Sweden, and the United States contributed relevant data, including 2,074 monozygotic and 2,623 dizygotic twin pairs. Age ranged from 22 to 98 years, with a mean age of 61.05 (SD = 13.24). A factor model was used to create a harmonized measure of financial strain across studies and items. Twin analyses of genetic and environmental variance for SRH incorporating age, age2, sex, and financial strain moderators indicated significant financial strain moderation of genetic influences on self-rated health. Moderation results did not differ across sex or country. Genetic variance for SRH increased as financial strain increased, matching the predictions of the diathesis–stress and social comparison models for components of variance. Under these models, environmental improvements would be expected to reduce genetically based health disparities.
42.	Huuhtanen, Jani, et al. (author) IFN-alfa with dasatinib broadens the immune repertoire in patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia 2022 In: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - : AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC. - 0021-9738 .- 1558-8238. ; 132:17 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), combination therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) aim to improve the achievement of deep molecular remission that would allow therapy discontinuation. IFN-alpha is one promising candidate, as it has long-lasting effects on both malignant and immune cells. In connection with a multicenter clinical trial combining dasatinib with IFN-alpha in 40 patients with chronic-phase CML (NordCML007, NCT01725204), we performed immune monitoring with single-cell RNA and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing (n = 4, 12 samples), bulk TCR beta sequencing (n = 13, 26 samples), flow cytometry (n = 40, 106 samples), cytokine analyses (n = 17, 80 samples), and ex vivo functional studies (n = 39, 80 samples). Dasatinib drove the immune repertoire toward terminally differentiated NK and CD8+ T cells with dampened functional capabilities. Patients with dasatinib-associated pleural effusions had increased numbers of CD8(+) recently activated effector memory T (Temra) cells. In vitro, dasatinib prevented CD3-induced cell death by blocking TCR signaling. The addition of IFN-alpha reversed the terminally differentiated phenotypes and increased the number of costimulatory intercellular interactions and the number of unique putative epitope-specific TCR clusters. In vitro IFN-alpha had costimulatory effects on TCR signaling. Our work supports the combination of IFN-alpha with TKI therapy, as IFN-alpha broadens the immune repertoire and restores immunological function.
43.	Jerksjö, Martin, et al. (author) Remote emission sensing compared with other methods to measure in-service conformity of light-duty vehicles : On behalf of the Swedish Innovation Agency and the Swedish Transport Administration 2022 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract The emission performance of light-duty vehicles (LDVs) was investigated based on various datasets from remote sensing, PEMS and chassis dynamometer measurements. The focus of the investigation was on NOX from early Euro 6 diesels and based on three different datasets:- Data collected from dedicated remote sensing measurements carried out in Sweden, used to recruit vehicles for PEMS and dynamometer tests. - A large remote sensing dataset from measurements carried out in six European countries, compared with a large number of PEMS RDE data.- Data collected by means of remote sensing, mini-PEMS and a point sampling particle number instrument at a PTI-station. The results of the analysis show:- A good agreement between remote sensing and PEMS as regards real-world NOX emission reductions from Euro 5 through the various steps of Euro 6.- For Euro 6ab diesel LDVs:o A good agreement in NOX emissions between remote sensing and PEMS with data broken down on vehicle model and engine alliance level. o A reasonable agreement between remote sensing and PEMS for individual vehicles, demonstrating remote sensing capability to identify vehicles exceeding the Euro 6 NOX limit.o Large variations for both remote sensing and PEMS - a factor of 30-40 between the highest and lowest emitters - in NOX emissions between individual vehicles. - For diesel LDV PM emissions the remote sensing data mirrors the evolution of the increasingly stricter emission standards from Euro 1 onwards, ultimately requiring newer vehicles to be equipped with DPFs, reducing real-world PM emissions by more than 90%.- Remote sensing can be used as a stand-alone, cost-effective method for surveying the RDE performance of the diesel LDV fleet and supplement in-use compliance programs.- Screening for suspected high-emitters with remote sensing and confirmatory measurements with mini-PEMS can be a potential approach to enhance PTI emission testing, e.g., by incorporating NOX and PN tests under real driving conditions.
44.	Jorgensen, Rasmus Rask Kragh, et al. (author) Machine Learning-Based Survival Prediction Models for Progression-Free and Overall Survival in Advanced-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma 2024 In: JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 2473-4276. ; 8 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract PurposePatients diagnosed with advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (aHL) have historically been risk-stratified using the International Prognostic Score (IPS). This study investigated if a machine learning (ML) approach could outperform existing models when it comes to predicting overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).Patients and MethodsThis study used patient data from the Danish National Lymphoma Register for model development (development cohort). The ML model was developed using stacking, which combines several predictive survival models (Cox proportional hazard, flexible parametric model, IPS, principal component, penalized regression) into a single model, and was compared with two versions of IPS (IPS-3 and IPS-7) and the newly developed aHL international prognostic index (A-HIPI). Internal model validation was performed using nested cross-validation, and external validation was performed using patient data from the Swedish Lymphoma Register and Cancer Registry of Norway (validation cohort).ResultsIn total, 707 and 760 patients with aHL were included in the development and validation cohorts, respectively. Examining model performance for OS in the development cohort, the concordance index (C-index) for the ML model, IPS-7, IPS-3, and A-HIPI was found to be 0.789, 0.608, 0.650, and 0.768, respectively. The corresponding estimates in the validation cohort were 0.749, 0.700, 0.663, and 0.741. For PFS, the ML model achieved the highest C-index in both cohorts (0.665 in the development cohort and 0.691 in the validation cohort). The time-varying AUCs for both the ML model and the A-HIPI were consistently higher in both cohorts compared with the IPS models within the first 5 years after diagnosis.ConclusionThe new prognostic model for aHL on the basis of ML techniques demonstrated a substantial improvement compared with the IPS models, but yielded a limited improvement in predictive performance compared with the A-HIPI.
45.	Katrantsiotis, Christos, et al. (author) Holocene relative sea level changes in the Västervik‐Gamlebyviken region on the southeast coast of Sweden, southern Baltic Sea 2023 In: Boreas. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0300-9483 .- 1502-3885. ; 52:2, s. 206-222 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We reconstruct the Holocene shore displacement of the Västervik-Gamlebyviken area on the southeast coast of Sweden, characterised by a maritime cultural landscape and archaeological significance since the Mesolithic. Sediment cores were retrieved from four lake basins that have been raised above sea level due to the postglacial land uplift and eustatic sea level changes after the melting of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. The cores were radiocarbon dated and analysed for loss on ignition and diatoms. The isolation thresholds of the basins were determined using LiDAR data. The results provide evidence for the initiation of the first Littorina Sea transgression in this area at 8.5 thousand calibrated years before present (cal. ka BP). A relative sea level rise by ∼7 m a.s.l. is recorded between 8.0 and 7.5 cal. ka BP with a highstand at ∼22 m a.s.l. between 7.5 and 6.2 cal. ka BP. These phases coincide with the second and third Littorina Sea transgressions, respectively, in the Blekinge area, southern Sweden and are consistent with the final deglaciation of North America. After 6.2 cal. ka BP, the relative sea level dropped below 22 m a.s.l., and remained at ∼20 m a.s.l. until 4.6 cal. ka BP coinciding with the fourth Littorina Sea transgression in Blekinge. From 4.6 to 4.2 cal. ka BP, the shore displacement shows a regression rate of 10 mm a−1 followed by a slowdown with a mean value of 4.6 mm a−1 until 1.6 cal. ka BP, when the relative sea level dropped below 3.3 m a.s.l. The Middle to Late Holocene highstand and other periods of minor sea level transgressions and/or higher salinity between 6.2 and 1.7 cal. ka BP are attributed to a combination of warmer climate and higher inflow of saline waters in the southern Baltic Sea due to stronger westerlies, caused by variations in the North Atlantic atmospheric patterns.
46.	Larsson, Christer, et al. (author) Prognostic implications of the expression levels of different immunoglobulin heavy chain-encoding RNAs in early breast cancer 2020 In: npj Breast Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2374-4677. ; 6:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The extent and composition of the immune response in a breast cancer is one important prognostic factor for the disease. The aim of the current work was to refine the analysis of the humoral component of an immune response in breast tumors by quantifying mRNA expression of different immunoglobulin classes and study their association with prognosis. We used RNA-Seq data from two local population-based breast cancer cohorts to determine the expression of IGJ and immunoglobulin heavy (IGH) chain-encoding RNAs. The association with prognosis was investigated and public data sets were used to corroborate the findings. Except for IGHE and IGHD, mRNAs encoding heavy chains were generally detected at substantial levels and correlated with other immune-related genes. High IGHG1 mRNA was associated with factors related to poor prognosis such as estrogen receptor negativity, HER2 amplification, and high grade, whereas high IGHA2 mRNA levels were primarily associated with lower age at diagnosis. High IGHA2 and IGJ mRNA levels were associated with a more favorable prognosis both in univariable and multivariable Cox models. When adjusting for other prognostic factors, high IGHG1 mRNA levels were positively associated with improved prognosis. To our knowledge, these results are the first to demonstrate that expression of individual Ig class types has prognostic implications in breast cancer.
47.	Leta, Tesfaye H., et al. (author) Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Knee Arthroplasty With or Without Antibiotic Bone Cement 2024 In: JAMA Network Open. - 2574-3805. ; 7:5, s. 2412898-2412898 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Importance: Despite increased use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) in joint arthroplasty over recent decades, current evidence for prophylactic use of ALBC to reduce risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is insufficient. Objective: To compare the rate of revision attributed to PJI following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using ALBC vs plain bone cement. Design, Setting, and Participants: This international cohort study used data from 14 national or regional joint arthroplasty registries in Australia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, the UK, and the US. The study included primary TKAs for osteoarthritis registered from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020, and followed-up until December 31, 2021. Data analysis was performed from April to September 2023. Exposure: Primary TKA with ALBC vs plain bone cement. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was risk of 1-year revision for PJI. Using a distributed data network analysis method, data were harmonized, and a cumulative revision rate was calculated (1 - Kaplan-Meier), and Cox regression analyses were performed within the 10 registries using both cement types. A meta-analysis was then performed to combine all aggregated data and evaluate the risk of 1-year revision for PJI and all causes. Results: Among 2 168 924 TKAs included, 93% were performed with ALBC. Most TKAs were performed in female patients (59.5%) and patients aged 65 to 74 years (39.9%), fully cemented (92.2%), and in the 2015 to 2020 period (62.5%). All participating registries reported a cumulative 1-year revision rate for PJI of less than 1% following primary TKA with ALBC (range, 0.21%-0.80%) and with plain bone cement (range, 0.23%-0.70%). The meta-analyses based on adjusted Cox regression for 1 917 190 TKAs showed no statistically significant difference at 1 year in risk of revision for PJI (hazard rate ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.89-1.52) or for all causes (hazard rate ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.89-1.40) among TKAs performed with ALBC vs plain bone cement. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, the risk of revision for PJI was similar between ALBC and plain bone cement following primary TKA. Any additional costs of ALBC and its relative value in reducing revision risk should be considered in the context of the overall health care delivery system.
48.	Leta, Tesfaye H., et al. (author) Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Knee Arthroplasty With or Without Antibiotic Bone Cement 2024 In: JAMA Network Open. - 2574-3805. ; 7:5 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Importanc eDespite increased use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) in joint arthroplasty over recent decades, current evidence for prophylactic use of ALBC to reduce risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is insufficient. Objective To compare the rate of revision attributed to PJI following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using ALBC vs plain bone cement. Design, Setting, and Participants This international cohort study used data from 14 national or regional joint arthroplasty registries in Australia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, the UK, and the US. The study included primary TKAs for osteoarthritis registered from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020, and followed-up until December 31, 2021. Data analysis was performed from April to September 2023. Exposure Primary TKA with ALBC vs plain bone cement. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was risk of 1-year revision for PJI. Using a distributed data network analysis method, data were harmonized, and a cumulative revision rate was calculated (1 - Kaplan-Meier), and Cox regression analyses were performed within the 10 registries using both cement types. A meta-analysis was then performed to combine all aggregated data and evaluate the risk of 1-year revision for PJI and all causes. Results Among 2 168 924 TKAs included, 93% were performed with ALBC. Most TKAs were performed in female patients (59.5%) and patients aged 65 to 74 years (39.9%), fully cemented (92.2%), and in the 2015 to 2020 period (62.5%). All participating registries reported a cumulative 1-year revision rate for PJI of less than 1% following primary TKA with ALBC (range, 0.21%-0.80%) and with plain bone cement (range, 0.23%-0.70%). The meta-analyses based on adjusted Cox regression for 1 917 190 TKAs showed no statistically significant difference at 1 year in risk of revision for PJI (hazard rate ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.89-1.52) or for all causes (hazard rate ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.89-1.40) among TKAs performed with ALBC vs plain bone cement. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, the risk of revision for PJI was similar between ALBC and plain bone cement following primary TKA. Any additional costs of ALBC and its relative value in reducing revision risk should be considered in the context of the overall health care delivery system.
49.	Leta, Tesfaye H., et al. (author) The use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement and systemic antibiotic prophylactic use in 2,971,357 primary total knee arthroplasties from 2010 to 2020: an international register-based observational study among countries in Africa, Europe, North America, and Oceania 2023 In: Acta Orthopaedica. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 94, s. 416-425 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background and purpose — Antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) have been used to reduce periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rates. We investigated the use of ALBC and SAP in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients and methods — This observational study is based on 2,971,357 primary TKAs reported in 2010–2020 to national/regional joint arthroplasty registries in Australia, Den-mark, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA. Aggregate-level data on trends and types of bone cement, antibiotic agents, and doses and duration of SAP used was extracted from participating registries. Results — ALBC was used in 77% of the TKAs with variation ranging from 100% in Norway to 31% in the USA. Palacos R+G was the most common (62%) ALBC type used. The primary antibiotic used in ALBC was gentamicin (94%). Use of ALBC in combination with SAP was common practice (77%). Cefazolin was the most common (32%) SAP agent. The doses and duration of SAP used varied from one single preoperative dosage as standard practice in Bolzano, Italy (98%) to 1-day 4 doses in Norway (83% of the 40,709 TKAs reported to the Norwegian arthroplasty register). Conclusion — The proportion of ALBC usage in primary TKA varies internationally, with gentamicin being the most common antibiotic. ALBC in combination with SAP was common practice, with cefazolin the most common SAP agent. The type of ALBC and type, dose, and duration of SAP varied among participating countries.
50.	Lewis, Peter L., et al. (author) Increases in the rates of primary and revision knee replacement are reducing : a 15-year registry study across 3 continents 2020 In: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 91:4, s. 414-419 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background and purpose — Rates of knee replacement (KR) are increasing worldwide. Based on population and practice changes, there are forecasts of a further exponential increase in primary knee replacement through to 2030, and a corresponding increase in revision knee replacement. We used registry data to document changes in KR over the past 15 years, comparing practice changes across Sweden, Australia, and the United States. This may improve accuracy of future predictions. Patients and methods — Aggregated data from the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register (SKAR), the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), and the Kaiser Permanente Joint Replacement Registry (KPJRR) were used to compare surgical volume of primary and revision KR from 2003 to 2017. Incidence was calculated using population census statistics from Statistics Sweden and the Australian Bureau of Statistics, as well as the yearly active membership numbers from Kaiser Permanente. Further analysis of KR by age < 65 and ≥ 65 years was carried out. Results — All registries recorded an increase in primary and revision KR, with a greater increase seen in the KPJRR. The rate of increase slowed during the study period. In Sweden and Australia, there was a smaller increase in revision surgery compared with primary procedures. There was consistency in the mean age at surgery, with a steady small decrease in the proportion of women having primary KR. The incidence of KR in the younger age group remained low in all 3 registries, but the proportional increases were greater than those seen in the ≥ 65 years of age group. Interpretation — There has been a generalized deceleration in the rate of increase of primary and revision KR. While there are regional differences in KR incidence, and rates of change, the rate of increase does not seem to be as great as previously predicted.

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