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- Edenius, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Can Repeated Fertilizer Applications to Young Norway Spruce Enhance Avian Diversity in Intensively Managed Forests?
- 2011
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In: AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 40, s. 521-527
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Repeated fertilization of forests to increase biomass production is an environmentally controversial proposal, the effects of which we assessed on breeding birds in stands of young Norway spruce (Picea abies), in an intensively managed forest area in southern Sweden. Our results show that fertilized stands had 38% more species and 21% more individuals than unfertilized stands. Compared with stands under traditional management, the further intensification of forestry by repeated applications of fertilizers thus seemed to enhance species richness and abundance of forest birds. We cannot conclude at this stage whether the response in the bird community was caused by changes in food resources or increased structural complexity in the forest canopy due to the skid roads used for the application of the fertilizers. Future studies should focus on structural and compositional effects of fertilization processes during the entire rotation period and at assessing its effects in a landscape context.
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- Edenius, Lars
(author)
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Short-term effects of wildfire on bird assemblages in old pine- and spruce-dominated forests in northern Sweden
- 2011
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In: Ornis Fennica. - 0030-5685. ; 88, s. 71-79
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Effects of wildfire on forest birds have rarely been studied in Fennoscandia. Hence, birds were surveyed three years after fire at two large areas that were not subjected to salvage logging, in northern Sweden. The 300- and 440-ha burns and surrounding forests were dominated by Scots pine and Norway spruce, respectively. Closed-nest breeders and ground-feeding insectivores were more abundant within the burns than in the surrounding forests, whereas ground- and shrub-breeders were nearly equally abundant in the burns and in unburned forests. Redpoll and Tree Pipit were more common within than outside the burns. Birds feeding on insects in the air and the Redstart were more abundant in burned than in unburned spruce-dominated forest but no such difference was found in pine-dominated forest, suggesting that the short-term effects of wildfire on these birds were stronger in spruce-dominated forest than in pine-dominated forest. A contributing factor might be that crown fire killed most trees in the spruce-dominated burn, but most of the large trees survived the ground fire in the pine-dominated burn.
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- Edenius, Lars, et al.
(author)
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The effects of changing land use and browsing on aspen abundance and regeneration: a 50-year perspective from Sweden
- 2011
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In: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 48, s. 301-309
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that changes in land use practices are the main cause of changes in aspen abundance at regional and national scales in Sweden during the last 50 years. Restoring regeneration niches, most importantly emulating natural disturbance processes, viz. fire at various spatial scales, and retaining aspen in cleaning and pre-commercial thinnings are the most important management recommendations to secure regeneration of aspen. Protecting established aspen ramets at designated sites from browsing either by fencing or reducing ungulate numbers could be used as complementary management tools.
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- Edenius, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Ungulate-adapted forest management: effects of slash treatment at harvest on forage availability and use
- 2014
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In: European Journal of Forest Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4669 .- 1612-4677. ; 133, s. 191-198
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Forest management strongly influences the interactions between ungulates and their food resources. Different ungulate-adapted measures have been proposed in forestry to improve forage availability or to reduce browsing damage. However, the potential and feasibility of such measures are inadequately known. We studied the effects of harvest timing and slash treatment in final felling and commercial thinning on the availability of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris forage and its use by ungulates during winter in the Swedish boreal forests. Pellet group counts showed that moose (Alces alces) was the dominating species using the post-harvest stands. Under conventional slash treatment, final felling stands held on average 226 kg pine forage ha(-1) after harvesting and commercial thinning stands 137 kg ha(-1). Ungulate-adapted slash treatment increased the available forage biomass by 20 %, but had no significant effect on consumption of forage by ungulates. Time since harvest had the strongest effect on forage consumption; for example, under conventional slash treatment, there was a tenfold increase in consumption (3 vs. 33 kg ha(-1)) following final felling as exposure time increased from 2-3 to 4-5 months. Consumption was higher in thinned stands than in final felling stands for the first 3 months but not later. To increase ungulate use of the forage made available at harvest, pine-dominated stands should be harvested in the late autumn or early in the winter.
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- Ericsson, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Slutrapport. Temaforskningsprogram Vilt och Skog 2010-2012
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Liksom under föregående projektperiod har styrgruppen under 2010‐12 varit mycket engagerad och aktiv. För tema 1 ‐ Klövviltets fördelning och nyttjande av skogslandskapet ‐ har det inneburit ett fortsatt fokus på älg fram till 2012 då programmet startade förberedelserna för flerartsstudier. För tema 2 ‐ Skogsskötsel, foderproduktion och utnyttjande – har det medfört dels ett fortsatt fokus utvärdering av åtgärderna i Sveaskogs foderprojekt, dels ett tydligare arbete med fler studieområden och klövviltets nyttjande av miljön. För tema 3 ‐ Förbättrade instrument för övervakning av viltpopulationerna – har resurserna koncentrerats på studier av referenshägn. Utifrån rogrammets resurser, >3 Mkr per år, och den ambitiösa programplanen som styrgruppen tillsammans med forskarna utarbetat, är det programledningens bedömning att vi mer än väl nått målen vad gäller relevant kunskap för sektorn och SLU, särskilt inom följande områden. Vi har… * med flera studiepopulationer i södra, mellersta och norra Sverige studerat älgarnas fördelning och nyttjande av skogslandskapet med hjälp av GPS; * med tre studiepopulationer i södra Sverige studerat klövviltets fördelning och nyttjande av skogslandskapet med hjälp av inventeringar; * dokumenterat nyttjandet ur ett flerartsperspektiv i tre områden i södra Sverige; * utvärderat effekten på skog av direkt foderskapande åtgärder inklusive viltåkrar; * i stor skala utvecklat och utvärderat metoder för uppföljning av klövviltets fördelning i landskapet och deras påverkan; * etablerat och delvis utvärderat referenshägn som ett förbättrat instrument för bedömning av betespåverkan; * i de två regeringsuppdragen till SLU om inventeringsmetoder för älg och utbildning adaptiv förvaltning utarbetat faktablad, manualer och utbildningsmaterial, samt deltagit i utbildning av länsstyrelser och skogsnäring Vi bedömer att vi endast delvis nått målen för… * några planerade foderskapande åtgärder. Vi bedömer att orsaken till detta är rent praktiska inom skogssektorn, vilka stått helt utanför vår kontroll. Det handlar dels om att åtgärderna sattes in så sent (säsongen 2010‐2011 eller 2012 för frihuggning av ekar) att effekterna helt enkelt inte kunnat utvärderas (främst viltanpassad röjning), dels att planerade åtgärder som plantering av salix inte alls blev av, dels att vissa åtgärder utfördes i mycket mindre omfattning än planerat; * förbättrade instrument för övervakning av viltpopulationerna. SLU:s och den skogsvetenskapliga fakultetens mål med temaforskningsprogram är att bygga ny kompetens. Under programperioden har SLU blivit den ledande miljön inom adaptiv klövviltförvaltning, rörelseekologi, vilt och foderskapande åtgärder samt inventeringsmetodik för betning och klövvilt. Programmet har tränat fyra postdoktorala forskare varav två är docent på SLU idag. Vi har internationellt rekryterat två forskarassistenter som redan nu efter två år är under prövning för docentur vid SLU. Programet har tränat 22 studenter, sammanfattat kunskapen i 17 rapporter, 22 examensarbeten (21 master, 1 kandidat), 15 faktablad, 7 bokkapitel, 6 manualer för adaptiv 4 älgförvaltning, 6 instruktioner om försöksdesign, >11 populärvetenskapliga artiklar och slutligen 51 vetenskapliga arbeten till refereegranskade tidskrifter. Därtill har vi medverkat i ett stort antal publika möten från Skåne i söder till Norrbotten i norr.
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- Hudson, Lawrence N., et al.
(author)
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The PREDICTS database : a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts
- 2014
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In: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 4:24, s. 4701-4735
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species' threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project - and avert - future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups - including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems - ). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015.
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| 24. |
- Singh, Navinder, et al.
(author)
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Tackling the motivation to monitor: success and sustainability of a participatory monitoring program
- 2014
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In: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Monitoring of species and their ecosystem attributes is a fundamental requirement in applied ecology and conservation. However, landscape scale monitoring requires an immense effort and commitment, especially when species have a wide distribution or are migratory in nature. Participatory monitoring, whereby local communities are engaged, is increasingly being proposed to address landscape scale monitoring. Its implementation is met with many challenges related to finances, motivation of the local people, lack of trained manpower, and nondirect legal use of the species in question. It is of interest to determine what makes a participatory monitoring program interesting for locals to ensure their long term engagement. Using the unique 26-year program of hunters' observations of moose (Alces alces) in Sweden as a case study, we present the evolution of this highly successful participatory monitoring program and show that tackling the motivation to monitor, early involvement of local NGOs, social activities revolving around use of the resource, the biology and economic value of the species, and technical and practical aspects related to the monitoring, together create a successful participatory monitoring program. When users benefit directly from the resource, participate in conservation/management decision making, socialize with other participants, and get rewards for their commitment and effective monitoring, participatory monitoring schemes can then become rewarding and sustainable.
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| 26. |
- Wikström, Peder, et al.
(author)
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The Heureka Forestry Decision Support System: An Overview
- 2011
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In: Mathematical and Computational Forestry and Natural-Resource Sciences. - 1946-7664. ; 3, s. 87-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mathematical programming and computers have been used for several decades to solve complex and long term forest management planning problems. The ever increasing demand on the forest ecosystem to produce wood and other goods and services poses a corresponding demand on a forest decision support system. As a response to meet new requirements the development of the Heureka system was initiated at SLU in 2002 and a first version of the system was released in 2009. Based on a common kernel, a number of applications of the system for different problem areas and users have been developed. The three main applications are made up by an interactive stand simulator, a tool for long term forest level planning containing an optimization module, and a simulator for regional analyses. The system contains models for growth projections, simulation of treatments, estimation of recreation values and carbon sequestration, and habitat suitability. It is also possible to make projections under different climate scenarios. In addition the system includes a number of supporting applications for importing data from different sources, for field inventory, and for comparing and ranking alternative management plans
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| 28. |
- Öhman, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Optimizing spatial habitat suitability and timber revenue in long-term forest planning
- 2011
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In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research. - 0045-5067 .- 1208-6037. ; 41, s. 543-551
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Effective tools must be developed that include consideration of biodiversity in the traditional forest planning process. The objective of this study is to present a spatial habitat suitability model that could be included in the optimization of long-term forest planning where the problem can be solved with an exact solution method. This could be an advantage, since, e. g., many forest planning systems available today are designed for problems that could be solved with an exact solution method. The habitat model consists of two parts: suitability assessment of stand-wise conditions and spatial conditions. To investigate whether the model works in a realistic setting, we used a case study and applied the model to the habitat demands for Hazel Grouse (Bonasa bonasia L.). The results from the case study indicate that the model is effective for including spatial habitat consideration and that the model could be used for creating different degrees of the clustering of habitats. Further, the loss in net present value as a result of the spatial habitat demands was limited in the case study. We suggest that this modeling approach could be extended to other species with large area requirements and add to the existing tools for forest biodiversity assessment in forest management planning.
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