| 1. |
- Ekselius, L, et al.
(author)
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SCID II interviews and the SCID Screen questionnaire as diagnostic tools for personality disorders in DSM-III-R.
- 1994
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In: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 90:2, s. 120-3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A modified version of the SCID Screen questionnaire covering 103 criteria by means of 124 questions was compared with SCID II interviews in 69 psychiatric patients. The correlation between the number of criteria fulfilled in the SCID II interviews or the questionnaires was 0.84. In the SCID interviews, 54% of the patients had a personality disorder. When the SCID Screen questionnaire was used, 73% had a personality disorder. When the cut-off level for diagnosis was adjusted, the frequency found by means of the SCID screen questionnaire or the interviews was roughly the same, 58% and 54%, respectively. The overall kappa for agreement between the SCID II interviews and questionnaire with adjusted cut-off was 0.78.
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| 2. |
- Bodlund, Owe, et al.
(author)
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Axis V--Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. Evaluation of a self-report version
- 1994
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In: Acta Psychiatr Scand. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 90:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study examines a self-report version of the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale according to Axis V (GAF self-report). The sample (n = 73) was a psychiatric outpatient population from a catchment area clinic. Patients with psychotic and organic mental disorders were not included. The diagnostic distribution on Axis I was similar to the findings from previous studies. Axis II disorders were identified among 47%, of whom a majority also had a concomitant Axis I disorder. The mean GAF expert score was 66.5 (range: 48-86). High complexity and severity of disorders and a high number of fulfilled Axis II criteria were significantly associated with low GAF scores. Independent expert ratings on GAF were correlated with the GAF self-report overall at r = 0.62, varying from 0.45 to 0.91 between different diagnostic groups. In general, the patients scored themselves lower (mean: -4.4 units) than expert ratings. Patients with depressive symptoms from an adjustment disorder or mood disorder were most prone to underestimation. Women also tended to score themselves lower than experts did. Conclusively, the GAF self-report turned out to be a valid and reliable unidimensional instrument measuring psychological, social and occupational functioning. The GAF is easy to handle, and with a self-report version as a complement, Axis V could be more frequently used in future clinical practice and research.
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| 3. |
- Ekselius, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Personality disorders in DSM-III-R as categorical or dimensional.
- 1993
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In: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 88:3, s. 183-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite the atheoretical approach of the DSM-III-R, the personality disorders have their roots in specific theoretical schools. Due to clinical tradition, analogies with Axis I and the tradition in psychiatry and medicine, the personality disorders are presented as categories although there is more empirical support for a dimensional approach. This study attempted to determine whether the separate personality disorders meet Kendell's criteria for distinct entities, i.e., bimodality with distinct points of rarity. None of the personality disorders met the criteria for a distinct disease entity. Instead, all of the personality disorders presented as continuous, dimensional personality traits present among healthy subjects and more pronounced in patients with mental disorders.
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