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- Engström, Mats, et al.
(author)
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House-Brackmann and Yanagihara grading scores in relation to electroneurographic results in the time course of Bell's palsy.
- 1998
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In: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 118:6, s. 783-789
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The results of House Brackmann and Yanagihara grading were compared with electroneurographic (ENoG) data in 30 consecutive patients with Bell's palsy. The examinations were made on mean days 11, 36 and 99. Twenty-four patients had a favourable outcome (Yanagihara > or = 36 at three months). Based on our observations, 23 (96%) of these could have been predicted by ENoG, 18 (75%) by Yanagihara grading and 6 (25%) by House Brackmann grading. Initially, the relative House Brackmann scores showed a slightly milder palsy than the Yanagihara scores, but in the follow-up period the gradings were almost identical. The mild palsies, defined on the initial ENoG results, initially demonstrated relatively less nerve dysfunction on ENoG than the clinical grading; by the first follow-up, the ENoG and clinical grading had both returned to normal. The intermediate palsies had almost the same initial relative clinical and ENoG values, but at the first follow-up (mean day 36), the facial function had returned to normal despite abnormally reduced, but improved, ENoG values. In the severely affected patients, the follow-up studies showed an improved clinical function but ENoG values still demonstrated a high degree of degeneration (slightly improved at second follow-up). In this study, patients with a favourable outcome were best predicted with ENoG. Clinical identification of these patients was more accurate with Yanagihara than with House Brackmann. Furthermore, in all three groups a clinical improvement, due to the release of neurapraxia, was noted at the first follow-up. The slow ENoG improvement noted at follow-up was probably due to nerve regeneration by collateral sprouting. Based on the time course of our ENoG findings, it appears that patients with a high degree of degeneration at both the initial examination and first follow-up have a poorer prognosis.
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| 2. |
- Engström, Mats
(author)
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Magnetic resonance imaging, electroneurographic, and clinical findings in Bell's palsy
- 1998
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Seventy-two patients were examined in order to learn more about the pathophysiology of Bell's palsy and to assess the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as electroneurographic and clinical tests in predicting the outcome in patients with this disease.In 12 of 20 patients (60%) an increased signal intensity in the paranasal sinuses was evident on T2-weighted MRI scans in the early stage of palsy, and in six of the positive patients the high signal intensity had disappeared by the time of the follow-up examination. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI (GdMRI) of the facial nerve demonstrated transient enhancement, mainly in the meat&internal auditory canal segment, on the ipsilateral side in 17 of 32 patients with Bell's palsy. In 11 of the 32 patients the disappearance of facial nerve enhancement was found to be related to clinical and electroneurographic (ENoG) improvements in facial nerve function during recovery from Bell's palsy. GdMRI in the early stage of palsy did not add any prognostic information regarding recovery.Thirty patients were serially examined (mean days 11, 36 and 99) with ENoG, and the results were compared with the Yanagihara and House-Brackmann clinical gradings. Initial ENoG testing was superior in predicting the outcome of palsy. The pattern in the two clinical systems during recovery from palsy strongly resembled each other. For the mild palsies, values obtained in the initial ENoG were relatively lower compared with the initial clinical gradings. Severe palsies improved clinically even in patients who continued to show a high degree of degeneration according to ENoG.Patterns of change in serially recorded ENoG (n=30) values in the frontalis, orbicularis oculi, nasalis and mentalis muscles during recovery were similar for the four regions. The correlation between the facial muscle ENoG recordings was initially poor but it was better in follow-up examinations. The difference between patients with a favorable and unfavorable outcome increased when the average ENoG values were calculated from more than one muscle. The MRI findings indicated that an inflammatory/edematous lesion was present in the meatal region of the facial nerve in Bell's palsy, which in some cases was related to inflammatory paranasal sinus disease. The discrepancy between ENoG and clinical results was related mainly to the degree of neurapraxia. ENoG recordings from more than one facial region may add prognostic information.
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| 3. |
- Engström, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Serial gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and assessment of facial nerve function in Bell's palsy
- 1997
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In: Otolaryngology and head and neck surgery. - 0194-5998 .- 1097-6817. ; 117:5, s. 559-566
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Eleven patients with mild or moderate acute idiopathic peripheral facial palsy, so-called Bell's palsy, were serially examined by gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced MRI on mean days 11, 40, and 97 (third examination, n = 10) after the onset of palsy. Results of the clinical and neurophysiologic assessment of facial nerve function were compared with the gadolinium-enhanced MRI findings. Eight of the 11 patients demonstrated contrast enhancement of the facial nerve at the initial examination, but in 7 of them, the enhancement had disappeared by the time of the serial follow-up gadolinium-enhanced MRI scans. The disappearance of facial nerve enhancement was found to be related to clinical and neurophysiologic improvements in facial nerve function during recovery from Bell's palsy. The three patients whose scans were negative at the initial gadolinium-enhanced MRI examination had the same clinical severity of palsy, but initially they had milder neurophysiologic involvement than those who demonstrated enhancement; these three patients did not exhibit enhancement at serial follow-up scans. These findings indicate that the presence of enhancement at the initial MRI scan is not necessarily indicative of a poor prognosis for recovery.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Sundstrom, Jens, et al.
(author)
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MADS-box genes active in developing pollen cones of Norway spruce (Picea abies) are homologous to the B-class floral homeotic genes in angiosperms
- 1999
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In: Developmental Genetics. - 0192-253X .- 1520-6408. ; 25:3, s. 253-266
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The reproductive organs of conifers, the pollen cones and seed cones, differ in morphology from the angiosperm flower in several fundamental respects. In this report we present evidence to suggest that the two plant groups, in spite of these morphological differences and the long evolutionary distance between them, share important features in regulating the development of the reproductive organs. We present the cloning of three genes, DAL11, DAL12, and DAL13, from Norway spruce, all of which are related to the angiosperm B-class of homeotic genes. The B-class genes determine the identities of petals and stamens. They are members of a family of MADS-box genes, which also includes C-class genes that act to determine the identity of carpels and, in concert with B genes specify stamens in the angiosperm flower. Phylogenetic analyses and the presence of B-class specific C-terminal motifs in the DAL protein sequences imply homology to the B-class genes. Specific expression of all three genes in developing pollen cones suggests that the genes are involved in one aspect of B function, the regulation of development of the pollen-bearing organs. The different temporal and spatial expression patterns of the three DAL genes in the developing pollen cones indicate that the genes have attained at least in part distinct functions. The DAL11, DAL12, and 13 expression patterns in the pollen cone partly overlap with that of the previously identified DAL2 gene, which is structurally and functionally related to the angiosperm C-class genes. This result supports the hypothesis that an interaction between B- and C-type genes is required for male organ development in conifers like in the angiosperms. Taken together, our data suggests that central components in the regulatory mechanisms for reproductive organ development are conserved between conifers and angiosperms and, thus, among all seed plants.
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| 7. |
- Sundvall, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Identification of murine loci associated with susceptibility to chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- 1995
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 10:3, s. 313-317
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- B10.RIII mice develop chronic and relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) after immunization with the myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide 89−101. The disease is associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (eae1). We have now investigated the importance of non−MHC regions for the EAE susceptibility in a cross between RIIIS/J and B10.RIII mice which share the MHC region but differ in disease susceptibility. Linkage analysis using microsatellite markers spanning the genome identified a region (eae2) on chromosome 15 which showed linkage to disease (P=0.0002). Our data also suggest linkage to a second region (eae3) on chromosome 3 (P=0.0024), and provide evidence for locus interactions between eae2 and eae3. These results provide clues to the genetic basis of multiple sclerosis.
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| 8. |
- Wang, M B, et al.
(author)
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Detection of chromosome 11q13 amplification in head and neck cancer using fluorescence in situ hybridization
- 1999
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In: Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 19:2A, s. 925-931
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a cancer with one of the lowest five-year survival rates. Despite a better understanding of the disease and recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, survival rates for HNSCC patients have not improved. Chromosomal abnormalities are common in HNSCC, and aberrations of chromosome 11q13 have been correlated with a poor prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study we utilized fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to determine the incidence of 11q13 amplification in twenty primary HNSCC tumors. INT-2 was used as the 11q13 probe, and 9 and 11 centromeric probes were used as controls. RESULTS: Polysomy, greater than two copies of chromosome 11, was found in 2 of 20 tumors. INT2 (11q13) amplification was found in 3 other tumors. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary studies indicate tht analysis of a larger sample of tumors using FISH may yield important diagnostic and prognostic information about head and neck tumors.
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