| 1. |
- Eriksson, Therese, et al.
(author)
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A comparison of perceived occupational gaps between people with stress-related ill health or musculoskeletal pain and a reference group
- 2012
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 19:5, s. 411-420
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To describe and compare how occupational gaps were reported in everyday occupations in a rehabilitation group of people with musculoskeletal pain or stress-related ill health and in a reference group from the Swedish population.Method: Seventy-two persons with musculoskeletal pain or stress-related ill health and 261 people from the Swedish population were included. The Occupational Gaps Questionnaire, measuring to what extent individuals perceive a discrepancy between what they want to do and what they actually do, was completed by the participants. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.Results: Occupational gaps were reported more often in the rehabilitation group. Leisure activities were the gaps reported most often. The occupational repertoire seemed to decrease over time as the number of activities was decreasing, particularly leisure and work-related activities. Instrumental ADL were more desirable as the length of sick leave extended.Conclusions: Being on sick leave appears to start a process towards occupational deprivation where the areas that remain in the occupational repertoire become more important. Our study highlights the need to emphasize the whole occupational repertoire in rehabilitation and to facilitate engagement in valued activities to create a sound base for the process of returning to work.
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| 2. |
- Löfstedt, Tommy, et al.
(author)
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Bi-modal OnPLS
- 2012
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In: Journal of Chemometrics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0886-9383 .- 1099-128X. ; 26:6, s. 236-245
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents an extension to the recently published OnPLS data analysis method. Bi-modal OnPLS allows for arbitrary block relationships in both columns and rows and is able to extract orthogonal variation in both columns and rows without bias towards any particular direction or matrix: the method is fully symmetric with regard to both rows and columns. Bi-modal OnPLS extracts a minimal number of globally predictive score vectors that exhibit maximal covariance and correlation in the column space and a corresponding set of predictive loading vectors that exhibit maximal correlation in the row space. The method also extracts orthogonal variation (i.e. variation that is not related to all other matrices) in both columns and rows. The method was applied to two synthetic datasets and one real data set regarding sensory information and consumer likings of dairy products. It was shown that Bi-modal OnPLS greatly improves the intercorrelations between both loadings and scores while still finding the correct variation. This facilitates interpretation of the predictive components and makes it possible to study the orthogonal variation in the data.
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| 3. |
- Ahlström, Christer, et al.
(author)
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Validating speed and road surface realism in VTI driving simulator III
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Nya simulatormodeller för vibrationer, ljud och grafik har utvecklats och implementerats i VTI:S fordonssimulator III. Syftet med denna studie är att validera simulatorn med avseende på hastighet och återgivandet av olika vägyteparametrar. Tjugofyra försökspersoner deltog i studien. De fick köra en och samma rutt i såväl simulator III som på verklig väg. Tre vägavsnitt med olika kvalitet på vägytan, från mycket slät till ganska ojämn, ingick i försöket. Såväl den objektiva förarparametern hastighet som olika subjektiva parametrar avseende förarens uppfattning om vägytans egenskaper (jämnhet, tysthet, komfort) jämfördes. Ett vägavsnitt med skiftande hastighetsgränser var av speciellt intresse. Ingen signifikant skillnad kunde noteras mellan körning i simulator och på verklig väg vare sig avseende hastighet (på avsitt med konstant hastighetsgräns) eller gradering av jämnhet och tysthet. För sträckan med skiftande hastighetsgränser fanns dock en signifikant skillnad mellan hastigheten i bil jämfört med hastigheten i simulator, trots liknande hastighetsprofiler. Såväl accelerationerna som retardationerna var snabbare i simulatorn. Vägkomforten graderades högre i bil än i simulator, men i båda fallen var tendensen den att slätare vägar gav högre värdering av komforten. Dessa resultat indikerar absolut validitet för graderingen av jämnhet och tysthet och för det objektiva måttet hastighet, medan relativ validitet indikerades för såväl hastighet vid skylt för hastighetsändring som för gradering av komfort.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Cecilia K, et al.
(author)
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Activated MCTC mast cells infiltrate diseased lung areas in cystic fibrosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- 2011
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In: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 12:139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Although mast cells are regarded as important regulators of inflammation and tissue remodelling, their role in cystic fibrosis (CF) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has remained less studied. This study investigates the densities and phenotypes of mast cell populations in multiple lung compartments from patients with CF, IPF and never smoking controls. Methods: Small airways, pulmonary vessels, and lung parenchyma were subjected to detailed immunohistochemical analyses using lungs from patients with CF (20 lung regions; 5 patients), IPF (21 regions; 7 patients) and controls (16 regions; 8 subjects). In each compartment the densities and distribution of MCT and MCTC mast cell populations were studied as well as the mast cell expression of IL-6 and TGF-beta. Results: In the alveolar parenchyma in lungs from patients with CF, MCTC numbers increased in areas showing cellular inflammation or fibrosis compared to controls. Apart from an altered balance between MCTC and MCT cells, mast cell in CF lungs showed elevated expression of IL-6. In CF, a decrease in total mast cell numbers was observed in small airways and pulmonary vessels. In patients with IPF, a significantly elevated MCTC density was present in fibrotic areas of the alveolar parenchyma with increased mast cell expression of TGF-beta. The total mast cell density was unchanged in small airways and decreased in pulmonary vessels in IPF. Both the density, as well as the percentage, of MCTC correlated positively with the degree of fibrosis. The increased density of MCTC, as well as MCTC expression of TGF-beta, correlated negatively with patient lung function. Conclusions: The present study reveals that altered mast cell populations, with increased numbers of MCTC in diseased alveolar parenchyma, represents a significant component of the histopathology in CF and IPF. The mast cell alterations correlated to the degree of tissue remodelling and to lung function parameters. Further investigations of mast cells in these diseases may open for new therapeutic strategies.
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| 5. |
- Andersson Sjöland, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Fibroblast phenotypes and their activity are changed in the wound healing process after lung transplantation.
- 2011
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In: The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1557-3117 .- 1053-2498. ; 30, s. 945-954
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation (LTx) is established as a life-saving treatment in end-stage lung disease. However, long-term survival is hampered by the development of chronic rejection, almost synonymous with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). The rejection is characterized by deposition of extracellular matrix in small airways. Fibroblasts/myofibroblasts are the main producers of extracellular matrix molecules such as proteoglycans. This study compared fibroblast phenotype and activity in the wound healing process at different points after LTx in patients who later did, or did not, develop BOS. METHODS: Distally derived fibroblasts from patients 6 and 12 months after LTx and from healthy controls were analyzed for production of the proteoglycans versican, perlecan, biglycan, and decorin, with and without transforming growth factor (TGF)-β(1). Fibroblast migration and proliferation were also studied. RESULTS: At 6 and 12 months after LTx, versican production was higher in fibroblasts from LTx patients (p < 0.01 p < 0.01) than from controls. Fibroblasts from patients who later developed BOS were more responsive to TGF-β(1)-induced synthesis of versican and biglycan than patients without signs of rejection (p < 0.05). Production of perlecan and decorin was negatively correlated with fibroblast proliferation in fibroblasts at 6 months after LTx. In a more detailed case study of 2 patients, one with and one without BOS, the altered proteoglycan profile was associated with impaired lung function. CONCLUSIONS: LTx changes the phenotype of fibroblasts to a non-proliferative but extracellular matrix-producing cell due to wound healing involving TGF-β(1). If not controlled, this may lead to development of BOS.
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| 6. |
- Andersson Sjöland, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Fibrocytes and the tissue niche in lung repair
- 2011
-
In: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 12
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human fibrocytes are bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells that express a variety of markers related to leukocytes, hematopoietic stem cells and a diverse set of fibroblast phenotypes. Fibrocytes can be recruited from the circulation to the tissue where they further can differentiate and proliferate into various mesenchymal cell types depending on the tissue niche. This local tissue niche is important because it modulates the fibrocytes and coordinates their role in tissue behaviour and repair. However, plasticity of a niche may be co-opted in chronic airway diseases such as asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and obliterative bronchiolitis. This review will therefore focus on a possible role of fibrocytes in pathological tissue repair processes in those diseases.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Beausang, Angela, et al.
(author)
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"Möjligheten att rädda några av dessa kvinnors liv har inte vägts in"
- 2014
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In: Dagens Medicin. - : Dagens Medicin.
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Namnet på Socialstyrelsens vägledning lyder: Hur upptäcka våldsutsatthet? Ja, det kan man verkligen fråga sig efter att ha läst detta föga vägledande dokument, skriver ett stort antal kritiska debattörer.
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| 9. |
- Bergstrom, Aileen L., et al.
(author)
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Perceived occupational gaps one year after stroke : An explorative study
- 2012
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In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - Uppsala : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 44:1, s. 36-42
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To explore and describe factors associated with occupational gaps and to identify factors at 3 months that predict occupational gaps one year post-stroke. A gap, a restriction in participation, is considered to be present when there is a discrepancy between what the individual wants to do and what they actually do in everyday life. Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Subjects: Two hundred persons with stroke. Methods: Data from the Occupational Gaps Questionnaire, one year post-stroke, was used as the dependent variable in 3- and 12-month regression analyses. Domains of the Stroke Impact Scale, global life satisfaction, demographic and medical factors were used as independent variables. Results: At 3 months, activities of daily living abilities, social participation and not being born in Sweden predicted occupational gaps at 12 months. Stroke severity and not being born in Sweden and 3 factors at 12 months: social participation, self-rated recovery, and global life satisfaction were associated with occupational gaps. Conclusion: Activities of daily living ability at 3 months predicted occupational gaps after stroke. Thus, it is possible to identify early on, and provide interventions for, those that risk participation restrictions. Not being born in the country might be an indicator of a risk for participation restrictions.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bergström, Aileen L., et al.
(author)
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Combined life satisfaction of persons with stroke and their caregivers : associations with caregiver burden and the impact of stroke
- 2011
-
In: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-7525. ; 9, s. 1-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Little is known about the life satisfaction of the person with stroke combined with their caregiver, i.e. the dyad, despite the fact that life satisfaction is an important rehabilitation outcome. The aim of this study was to describe the dyads combined life satisfaction and to understand this in relationship to the perceived impact of stroke in everyday life and caregiver burden. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the life satisfaction of persons and their informal caregivers was measured in 81 dyads one year post stroke. Their global life satisfaction, measured with LiSat-11, was combined to a dyad score and the dyads were then categorized as satisfied, dissatisfied or discordant. The groups were compared and analyzed regarding levels of caregiver burden, measured with the Caregiver Burden scale, and the perceived impact of stroke in everyday life, measured with the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS). Results: The satisfied dyads comprised 40%, dissatisfied 26% and those that were discordant 34%. The satisfied dyads reported a significantly lower impact of the stroke in everyday life compared with the dyads that were not satisfied. As expected, dyads that were not satisfied reported a significantly greater caregiver burden compared with the satisfied dyads. The discordant group was further broken down into a group of dissatisfied and satisfied caregivers. The caregivers that were not satisfied in the discordant group perceived a significantly greater level of caregiver burden compared with the satisfied group. Even caregivers who were satisfied with life but whose care recipients were not satisfied reported caregiver burden. Conclusions: Measuring combined life satisfaction provides a unique focus and appears to be a feasible way of attaining the dyads' perspective. The findings suggest that those dyads with a discordant life satisfaction could be vulnerable because of the caregivers' reported caregiver burden. These findings support the importance of a dyadic perspective and add to the understanding of the reciprocal influences between the caregiver and recipient. This knowledge has clinical implications and contributes to the identification of possible vulnerable dyads in need of tailored support.
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| 12. |
- Bertilsson, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(author)
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A client-centred ADL intervention: three-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial
- 2014
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21, s. 377-391
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to study a client-centred activities of daily living (ADL) intervention (CADL) compared with the usualADL intervention (UADL) in people with stroke regarding: independence in ADL, perceived participation, life satisfaction,use of home-help service, and satisfaction with training and, in their significant others, regarding: caregiver burden, lifesatisfaction, and informal care. Methods: In this multicentre study, 16 rehabilitation units were randomly assigned to deliverCADL or UADL. The occupational therapists who provided the CADL were specifically trained. Eligible for inclusion werepeople with stroke treated in a stroke unit £3 months after stroke, dependent in ‡two ADL, not diagnosed with dementia, andable to understand instructions. Data were collected at inclusion and three months thereafter. To detect a significant differencebetween the groups in the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) domain “participation”, 280 participants were required. Intention-totreatanalysis was applied. Results: At three months, there was no difference in the outcomes between the CADL group(n = 129) and the UADL group (n = 151), or their significant others (n = 87/n = 93) except in the SIS domain “emotion” infavour of CADL (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The CADL does not appear to bring about short-term differences in outcomes andlonger follow-ups are required.
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| 13. |
- Dahlkild-Öhman, Gunilla, 1945-
(author)
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Att börja tala med barn om pappas våld mot mamma : Radikalt lärande i arbetet med vårdnad, boende och umgänge
- 2011
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis explores the scope for children’s voices offered to children in court mandated investigations regarding custody, residence or contact. The focus is on children who have been exposed to their father’s violence against their mother The aim is to study how the legislators’ intentions concerning children’s participation in this area are implemented in work groups. The assumption is that implementation can be seen as collective learning. Implementation may in this case challenge established relations of power like age and gender orders. Professional discourses on violence have to shift from gender neutral to gendered discourses and discourses on children have to include a participation discourse. Learning which includes a shift in discourses and challenges established power relations is defined as radical learning.The approach is social constructionist and draws on group interviews with social workers specialized in family law.The thesis analyses which discourses of violence and of children are accessible and used at group level. This can be seen as a discursive opportunity structure. The discourses in question are: gender violence, child protection, treatment and family law discourses as well as care and participation discourses. The conclusion is that all these discourses are accessible to the professionals and the effects of the different discourses are discussed regarding the possibilities for creating a safe situation for mother and child during the investigation.The thesis furthermore analyses the organisation of the work groups. These characteristics can be seen as an organisational opportunity structure. The analysis shows different patterns in the groups when it comes to structure and stage of learning process. One group seems to be at the stage where the members are prepared to start talking to the child about the father’s violence.The final chapter presents a discussion of radical learning and the possibilities for radical social change when established power relations are challenged.
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| 14. |
- Dahlkild-Öhman, Gunilla, et al.
(author)
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Inequality regimes and men’s positions in social work
- 2013
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In: Gender, Work and Organization. - : Wiley. - 0968-6673 .- 1468-0432. ; 20:1, s. 85-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this article is to contribute to the exploration of men’s positions in professions numerically dominated by women through an in depth analysis of the gendering practices in groups of social workers. The empirical material consists of interviews with three work groups in Sweden, each with one man and several women as members. The analysis focuses upon gendering practices in the interview setting. It shows how the positions occupied by the men in the sample confirm or undermine constructions of masculinity as dominance. Furthermore, it is argued that to fully understand men’s positions in these groups the analysis needs take other forms of inequality into account in addition to gender. It is shown that in the empirical cases under scrutiny men’s positions are shaped by regimes of inequality where age and gender relations, as well as notions of professional experience, are interconnected.
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| 15. |
- Eriksson, Elisabet, et al.
(author)
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Ambivalence, silence and gender differences in church leaders' HIV-prevention messages to young people in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- 2010
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In: Culture, Health and Sexuality. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1058 .- 1464-5351. ; 12:1, s. 103-114
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A series of semi-structured interviews on HIV prevention were conducted with South African clergy with pastoral and liturgical responsibilities from the Roman Catholic Church, the Lutheran Church and the Assemblies of God. The interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed by interpretive descriptive analysis. Three themes indicative of church leaders' approach to HIV prevention among youth emerged: dilemmas in breaking the silence on HIV and AIDS; ambivalent HIV-prevention messages from church leaders to young people; and gender differences in HIV-prevention messages. While church leaders had taken steps to overcome the stigma, the dilemmas of balancing theological understanding with resistance from their congregations presented a complex scenario. Ambivalence to HIV prevention concerned whose responsibility it was to educate young people about HIV; talking about sexuality in public; pre-marital abstinence and condom use; and resistance from congregation members towards HIV prevention. Finally, findings indicated a discrepancy between church leaders' belief in gender equality and the HIV-prevention messages they verbalised, which appears to burden girls.
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| 16. |
- Eriksson, Elisabet
(author)
-
Christian Communities and Prevention of HIV among Youth in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- 2011
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Young people in South Africa, particularly females, are at great risk of acquiring HIV, and heterosexual sex is the predominant mode of HIV transmission. In order to curb the epidemic the Department of Health encourages all sectors in the society, including religious institutions, to respond effectively. The present thesis seeks to increase the understanding of the role of Christian communities in prevention of HIV for young people. Three denominations in KwaZulu-Natal were selected to reflect the diversity of Christian churches in South Africa: the Roman Catholic Church, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa, and the Assemblies of God. Using qualitative interviews the first paper explores how religious leaders (n=16) deal with the conflict between the values of the church and young people’s sexuality. Study II reports on attitudes to HIV prevention for young people among religious leaders (n=215) using questionnaire survey data. Study III investigates how young people (n=62) reflect on messages received from their churches regarding premarital sex by analysing nine focus group discussions. In the fourth paper, based on questionnaire survey data, we report on young people’s (n=811) experiences of relationships with the opposite sex and their perceived risk of HIV infection. The view that young people in churches are sexually active before marriage was common among religious leadership. The majority of religious leaders also reported that they are responsible for educating young people about HIV prevention. Religious leaders who had received training on HIV were more likely to run a life skills programme for young people, however they were ambivalent about prevention messages. Young people reported premarital sexual abstinence as the main HIV prevention message from their churches. The majority responded that they had received information about HIV in church. To be in a relationship was common, more so for males for whom multiple relationships also were viewed more acceptable. To perceive themselves at risk of HIV infection was common. Further training for religious leaders is needed to enable them to manage the conflict between the doctrine of the church and their willingness to assist young people in the transition into adulthood.
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| 17. |
- Eriksson, Elisabet, et al.
(author)
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Faith, Premarital Sex and Relationships: Are Church Messages in Accordance with the Perceived Realities of the Youth? : A Qualitative Study in KwaZulu–Natal, South Africa
- 2013
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In: Journal of religion and health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-4197 .- 1573-6571. ; 52:2, s. 454-466
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Since religious messages on life style have a strong impact in South Africa, it is important to assess how they relate to the situation for young people at risk of HIV infection. Nine focus group discussions were conducted with youth (n=62), aged 13–20 years, from the Roman Catholic Church, the Lutheran Church, and the Assemblies of God. Young people were ambivalent toward sexual contacts since these generally were expected to be part of a relationship even though the church condemns premarital sex. Girls perceived the moral norms to concern them more than the boys for whom sexual needs were more accepted. These moral barriers lead to lack of information about protection and may increase the risk of HIV. The realities young people facing should be a major concern for the faith communities.
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| 18. |
- Eriksson, Elisabet, et al.
(author)
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Involvement of religious leaders in HIV prevention, South Africa
- 2011
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In: Svensk Missionstidsskrift. - 0346-217X. ; 99:2, s. 119-135
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Religious leaders do not easily get involved in HIV prevention for young people since discussing sexuality publicly is taboo. A self-administrated questionnaire survey was conducted among local religious leaders (n=215) August-October 2008, when they convened at regional meetings in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The questionnaire included socio-demographic data, previous HIV education and attitudes to HIV prevention for young people, policy issues, and questions on stigma. The participants (186 males, 29females) were affiliated to the Catholic Church (66), Lutheran church (82),and the Assemblies of God (67). Religious leaders regarded themselves as responsible for educating young people about HIV, and were interested in topics concerning young people’s sexuality. However, only 39% reported that their church had run a life-skill programme for youth in the last six months. The results indicated that religious leaders who had participated in HIV training were more likely to have arranged a life-skill programme for young people and also more likely to have taken an HIV test. Religious leaders were positive about further training on HIV- related issues, and if learning opportunities are offered to them, this might increase their involvement in HIV prevention among young people.
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| 19. |
- Eriksson, Elisabet, et al.
(author)
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Young people, sexuality, and HIV prevention within Christian faith communities in South Africa : a cross-sectional survey
- 2014
-
In: Journal of religion and health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-4197 .- 1573-6571. ; 53:6, s. 1662-1675
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Faith communities exert a powerful influence on the life of their members, and studies are needed about how they may be able to influence young people's attitudes regarding sexuality and HIV prevention. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from young people (811), aged 15-24 years, affiliated to the Roman Catholic Church, the Lutheran Church and the Assemblies of God. The majority of participants perceived themselves at risk of HIV infection (53 %). Premarital sexual abstinence was the most frequently (88 %) reported prevention message, followed by faithfulness (23 %), HIV testing (18 %) and condom use (17 %). Furthermore, religious affiliation was associated with education on sexuality and HIV in youth groups, with better information given to members of the Lutheran and Catholic churches. Faith communities need to strengthen their capacity to educate young people in a more holistic way about sexuality and HIV prevention.
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| 20. |
- Eriksson [Engvall], Gunilla, 1976-
(author)
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The intelligence discourse : the Swedish military intelligence (MUST) as a producer of knowledge
- 2013
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Swedish Military Intelligence and Security Directorate (MUST) is a producer of knowledge, a knowledge that is fundamental for decisionmaking in foreign and security policy. The intelligence knowledge production is often held as objective, value neutral, and with the intention of ‘speaking truth onto power’. However, this study holds that such a perspective on intelligence knowledge production calls for a revision. Hence, the overall purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of knowledge in intelligence analysis and also to investigate how that knowledge is affected by the social context of its production, the military intelligence service. The source material is of three kinds; first texts and documents, second interviews with intelligence analysts and managers, and third observations of seminars and meetings during the production process of estimates.The results are that there is a strong presence of an implicit interpretive framework that continuously influences and guides the knowledge production and thereby makes the knowledge dependent on one specific perspective contrary to the intentional objectivity within the intelligence service. Further, the study reveals that the social and discursive practices for intelligence knowledge production include a ‘logic of appropriateness’ suggesting the presence of a structured Denkkollektiv with a structured Denkstil. The actions and choices of the individuals are transformed to create conformity to the norms within the social discursive practices. Thus, the inherited frame of interpretation, as well as the socialised norm of staying within the existing accepted frames ofthinking and acting ends up to the stability and duration of the not always accurate and fruitful Denkstil.At the core of political science resides the question of how policy is shaped. Even though this study has focused merely on one organisation in a specific policy field in one country it brings insights to the knowledge and policy nexus.
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| 21. |
- Eriksson, Gunilla, et al.
(author)
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A cross-diagnostic validation of an instrument measuring participation in everyday occupations : The Occupational Gaps Questionnaire (OGQ)
- 2013
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 20:2, s. 152-160
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to validate the Occupational Gaps Questionnaire (OGQ) when used in samples of people with acquired brain injuries (ABI), stroke, stress-related disorders, concussion, and persons receiving rehabilitation after ABI to investigate whether the OGQ could be used as a generic scale. A total of 601 individuals answered the OGQ at various time points after illness/injury. A Rasch analysis was performed on the data to evaluate evidence of internal scale validity and person response validity, and the capability of the OGQ to separate people into different levels of participation in everyday occupations. The results provided evidence that the OGQ is a valid measure across different diagnostic groups. A generic version of the OGQ can separate at least two levels of perceived occupational gaps and is therefore recommended as a screening tool to be used by occupational therapists working with different diagnostic groups.
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| 22. |
- Eriksson, Gunilla, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Cultural interaction and change : a multi-isotopic approach to the Neolithization in coastal areas
- 2013
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In: World archaeology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0043-8243 .- 1470-1375. ; 45:3, s. 430-446
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Drawing on data from the megalithic tomb in Resmo on oland in the Baltic Sea, we use a multi-isotopic approach, involving the systematic treatment and modelling of extensive human and faunal isotopic data (C-14, C-13, N-15, S-34 and Sr-87/Sr-86), along with archaeological contextual evidence, to study change and interaction. The fact that people utilize aquatic resources necessitates modelling of the sulphur and strontium isotope data, to prevent the aquatic contribution from obscuring the local terrestrial signal. It was possible to demonstrate how the people buried in Resmo went through dynamic changes in diet, mobility patterns and cultural identity during more than two millennia of burial practice: from the incipient farmers of the Funnel Beaker Culture, through the cultural encounters and transitions during the Middle Neolithic, to the newcomers furthering intensified agriculture, trade and metal craftsmanship during the Bronze Age.
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| 23. |
- Eriksson, Gunilla, et al.
(author)
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Dietary life histories in Stone Age Northern Europe
- 2013
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In: Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-4165 .- 1090-2686. ; 32:3, s. 288-302
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present here a framework for using stable isotope analysis of bone and teeth to study individual life history. A sampling strategy and analytical approach for stable carbon and nitrogen analysis of bone and dentine collagen optimised for intra-individual purposes is put forward. The rationale behind this strategy, various requirements and constrains, and recommendations on how to modify it according to variations in material and analytical instrumentation, are discussed and explained in detail. Based on intra-individual data for 131 human individuals from Mesolithic and Neolithic sites in Northern Europe, we consider the sources and various kinds of variation one is likely to find, and how the data can be explained and transformed into an archaeologically meaningful interpretation. It is concluded that the use of stable isotope analysis to trace individual life history is not limited to carefully excavated, neatly preserved, single burials with articulate skeletal remains. Even collective burials, disturbed graves, disarticulated human remains in cultural layers, or other depositions that deviate from what is often considered as a proper burial, offer the possibility to look at individual life biographies.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Eriksson, Gunilla M., et al.
(author)
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Occupations of Older Adults : A Cross Cultural Description
- 2011
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In: OTJR (Thorofare, N.J.). - : SAGE Publications. - 1539-4492 .- 1938-2383. ; 31:4, s. 182-192
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Participation in everyday occupations influences people's health and well-being. To enable individuals to do the activities they want and need to do is the main concern of occupational therapy practice. Many daily occupations are universal, but they also depend on culture. The development of the Activity Card Sort in eight countries has offered the opportunity to describe occupations across cultures. In the developmental process of culturally relevant versions of the Activity Card Sort by occupational therapists in each country, the instrument versions included samples of older adults (N = 468). These data are used in the current description with the aim of identifying central activities across cultures and central activities for Asian and Western cultures. Ten activities were identified as being central across cultures (i.e., more than half of the older adults in all eight countries performed them). They were the following: shopping in a store, doing grocery shopping, doing dishes, doing laundry, reading books or magazines, sitting and thinking, watching television, listening to radio or music, visiting with friends and relatives, and talking on the telephone. Further, 16 additional activities central to Asian culture and 18 activities central to Western culture were identified. The identification of central activities deepens knowledge of activities with cultural significance. This knowledge is needed in clinical practice and multicultural research. This description provides a starting point for further exploration of everyday occupations among older adults.
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| 26. |
- Eriksson, Gunilla, et al.
(author)
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Occupational gaps in everyday life one year after stroke : association with life satisfaction and impact of stroke
- 2012
-
In: Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation. - Birmingham, USA : Thomas Land Publishers Inc. - 1074-9357 .- 1945-5119. ; 19:3, s. 244-255
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To examine the presence, frequency, and distribution of occupational gaps and to explore whether there are associations between occupational gaps and life satisfaction, self-rated recovery, and functioning and participation in activities of daily living (ADLs) 1 year after stroke.Method: Data were collected at onset and at 12 months after stroke from 161 patients admitted to a stroke unit in central Sweden by using Occupational Gaps Questionnaire, LiSat-11, Stroke Impact Scale, Katz ADL Index, and Barthel Index. Spearman rank correlation and Mann Whitney U test were used in the analyses.Results: Occupational gaps were reported by 87% of the participants. The number of occupational gaps was moderately associated with participation and self-rated recovery. There was a significant difference in the number of occupational gaps between the participants who were independent in ADLs and those who were not, both at baseline and at 12 months after stroke. There was, however, no significant association between occupational gaps and life satisfaction.Conclusions: Occupational gaps 1 year after stroke are very common, particularly among individuals experiencing difficulties in ADLs. Increased efforts are vital to enable individuals to do the activities that are important to them, irrespective of whether these are instrumental ADLs or leisure or social activities. Occupational gaps could be reduced by developing rehabilitation interventions that enable desired activities in different contexts that are crucial for individual patients.
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| 27. |
- Eriksson, Gunilla, et al.
(author)
-
Perceived Participation After Stroke : The Influenceof Activity Retention, Reintegration, andPerceived Recovery
- 2013
-
In: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : AOTA Press. - 1943-7676 .- 0272-9490. ; 67:6, s. e131-e138
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVEWe sought to determine the extent to which perceptions of participation in everyday occupationswere affected in a sample of people with predominantly mild stroke. Demographic variables, strokeseverity, community integration, participation in everyday occupations, and perceptions of recovery wereexamined as potential contributors to their perceptions of participation.METHODWe conducted a cross-sectional study with 116 people with mild to moderate first strokeassessed approximately 6 mo after stroke.RESULTSPerceptions of participation assessed using the Stroke Impact Scale varied (range 5 19–100),with a mean score of 82. Regression analyses revealed three factors that contributed to perceptions ofparticipation: retention of previous activities, reintegration in home and community, and perception ofstroke recovery.CONCLUSIONAlthough the majority of participants reported a high level of perceived participation, morethan a third failed to report successful participation.
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| 28. |
- Eriksson, Gunilla, 1967-
(author)
-
Stable isotope analysis of humans
- 2013
-
In: The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death and Burial. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780199569069 ; , s. 123-146
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Stable isotope analyses of skeletal remains have become increasingly important within the field of archaeology during the past few decades. Given that the analyses can (under certain circumstances) provide direct data at the individual level regarding, for example, subsistence, actual consumption of specific foodstuffs, the transition from foraging to farming, breastfeeding patterns, mobility, migration and contact with other groups, this is not surprising. This chapter provides an overview of the kind of archaeological issues that can be addressed with the use of stable isotope analyses, based on four of the most commonly used light elements (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur), with an emphasis on carbon and nitrogen. The applications are illustrated with examples from various parts of the world, ranging from Pleistocene to Medieval date. It also deals with how and why the analyses work, and bring up some methodological limitations and potential pitfalls.
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| 29. |
- Eriksson, Gunilla, et al.
(author)
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The Meaning of Occupational Gaps in Everyday Life in the First Year After Stroke
- 2010
-
In: OTJR (Thorofare, N.J.). - : SAGE Publications. - 1539-4492 .- 1938-2383. ; 30:4, s. 184-192
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This longitudinal study identified how occupational gaps were characterized in people's lived experiences of performing everyday occupations during the first year after stroke. Four participants were interviewed four times during the year after stroke. The data were collected and analyzed using the Empirical, Phenomenological, Psychological method. Five main characteristics were identified: (1) encountering occupational gaps in formerly taken-for-granted activities, (2) striving to narrow gaps in desired occupations, (3) recognizing oneself in doing, (4) searching for a new sense of self through doing, and (5) creating strategies to enable doing. The findings show the importance of being able to preserve some sense of self in everyday doings after a life course disruption caused by stroke. Important implications for clinical practice include sensitivity to clients' experiences during this process, enablement of experiences in occupations promoting recognition, and support of clients in recapturing desired occupations.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Eriksson, Sofia, 1982-
(author)
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Stable Numerical Methods with Boundary and Interface Treatment for Applications in Aerodynamics
- 2012
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In numerical simulations, problems stemming from aerodynamics pose many challenges for the method used. Some of these are addressed in this thesis, such as the fluid interacting with objects, the presence of shocks, and various types of boundary conditions.Scenarios of the kind mentioned above are described mathematically by initial boundary value problems (IBVPs). We discretize the IBVPs using high order accurate finite difference schemes on summation by parts form (SBP), combined with weakly imposed boundary conditions, a technique called simultaneous approximation term (SAT). By using the energy method, stability can be shown.The weak implementation is compared to the more commonly used strong implementation, and it is shown that the weak technique enhances the rate of convergence to steady state for problems with solid wall boundary conditions. The analysis is carried out for a linear problem and supported numerically by simulations of the fully non-linear Navier–Stokes equations.Another aspect of the boundary treatment is observed for fluid structure interaction problems. When exposed to eigenfrequencies, the coupled system starts oscillating, a phenomenon called flutter. We show that the strong implementation sometimes cause instabilities that can be mistaken for flutter.Most numerical schemes dealing with flows including shocks are first order accurate to avoid spurious oscillations in the solution. By modifying the SBP-SAT technique, a conservative and energy stable scheme is derived where the order of accuracy can be lowered locally. The new scheme is coupled to a shock-capturing scheme and it retains the high accuracy in smooth regions.For problems with complicated geometry, one strategy is to couple the finite difference method to the finite volume method. We analyze the accuracy of the latter on unstructured grids. For grids of bad quality the truncation error can be of zeroth order, indicating that the method is inconsistent, but we show that some of the accuracy is recovered.We also consider artificial boundary closures on unbounded domains. Non-reflecting boundary conditions for an incompletely parabolic problem are derived, and it is shown that they yield well-posedness. The SBP-SAT methodology is employed, and we prove that the discretized problem is stable.
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| 33. |
- Eriksson, Urban, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Macular edema and visual outcome following cataract surgery in patients with diabetic retinopathy and controls
- 2011
-
In: Graefe's Archives for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0721-832X .- 1435-702X. ; 249:3, s. 349-359
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cystoid macular edema (CME) is a well-known complication after cataract surgery, and diabetic retinopathy is reported to be an important risk factor for impaired visual recovery. In this prospective study, we compared visual outcome 6 months after surgery in eyes with moderate retinopathy and no previous ME with a control group, and observed the incidence of ME seen on fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Thirty-four patients with type-2 diabetes and 35 controls were enrolled. Best-corrected visual acuity (VA) letters ETDRS was measured pre-op, at day 7, week 6 and month 6. FA performed pre-op and at week 6 was divided into three leakage patterns. OCT performed pre-op, at week 6 and month 6 was qualitatively divided into three types. Macular thickness was measured in three circular fields (central subfield, inner and outer circle) from the macular maps. There was no statistically significant difference in VA before surgery, at day 7 or at 6 months, but at 6 weeks there was a significant difference with lower VA in the diabetic group. Six percent of control and 12% of diabetic eyes developed a clinical CME defined as a loss of > 5 letters between day 7 and week 6. Incidence of FA leakage was 23% in control and 76% in diabetic eyes. At 6 weeks, 20% of control and 44% of the diabetic eyes had qualitative changes on OCT. A statistically significant increase in thickness was observed for all three macular areas in both groups, part of it remaining at 6 months. There were, however, no differences in central macular thickness between the groups at any visit. Retinal thickening had poor correlation with VA. The final visual outcome in eyes with mild to moderate retinopathy, without previous ME, is as good as in normal eyes, but an increased frequency of macular changes may protract recovery of full vision. Changes on OCT or FA are often seen without any obvious effect on VA. OCT is as good as FA at detecting a clinical CME, and is the technique recommended for follow-up before FA is considered.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Gredebäck, Gustaf, et al.
(author)
-
Individual Differences in Face Processing : Infants' Scanning Patterns and Pupil Dilations are Influenced by the Distribution of Parental Leave
- 2012
-
In: Infancy. - : Wiley. - 1525-0008 .- 1532-7078. ; 17:1, s. 79-101
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fourteen-month-old infants were presented with static images of happy, neutral, and fearful emotional facial expressions in an eye-tracking paradigm. The emotions were expressed by the infants own parents as well as a male and female stranger (parents of another participating infant). Rather than measuring the duration of gaze in particular areas of interest, we measured number of fixations, distribution of fixations, and pupil diameter to evaluate global scanning patterns and reactions to emotional content. The three measures were differentially sensitive to differences in parental leave, emotional expression, and face familiarity. Infants scanned and processed differently happy, neutral, and fearful faces. In addition, infants cared for by both father and mother (divided parental leave) distributed their gaze more across faces than did infants primarily cared for by one parent (in this study, the mother). Pupil diameter complemented these findings, revealing that infants had larger pupil diameter during observation of neutral emotions expressed by the parent who is not currently the primary caregiver. This study demonstrates how conclusions differ as a function of the particular eye-tracking measure used and shows that the three measures used here converge on the conclusion that 14-month-old infants processing of emotional expressions is influenced by infants exposure to fathers and mothers.
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| 39. |
- Guidetti, Susanne, et al.
(author)
-
Changes in the impact of stroke between 3 and 12 months post-stroke, assessed with the Stroke Impact Scale
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 46:10, s. 963-968
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To examine data collected using the Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS) at 3 and 12 months post-stroke, and to explore any clinically meaningful changes in everyday life in relation to age, gender and stroke severity. Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Methods: A total of 204 persons were assessed using the SIS at 3 and 12 months after onset of stroke. Changes in domain scores were calculated over time and in relation to age, gender and stroke severity. Results: The Strength, Hand Function and Participation domains had the highest perceived impact at 3 and 12 months, indicating problems in everyday life. Stroke recovery was perceived to be significantly higher at 12 than at 3 months irrespective of stroke severity, age or gender. The impact on the Strength and Emotion domains was significantly lower at 12 months than at 3 months. Most clinically meaningful changes, both positive and negative ( 15 points), were seen in the Participation domain and in Stroke recovery. Few changes were associated with age, gender or stroke severity. Conclusion: Both positive and negative clinically meaningful changes related to impact of stroke were found between 3 and 12 months post-stroke. Therefore it is important to pay close attention to patients' perceptions of their everyday life situation during rehabilitation and at discharge.
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| 40. |
- Gustafsson, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(author)
-
The Occurrence of Problems in Connections with the Saphenous Vein Harvest Surgical Site : A Telephone Interview Project Three Months after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery
- 2012
-
In: Vård i Norden. - : Sjuksköterskornas Samarbete i Norden (SSN). - 0107-4083 .- 1890-4238. ; 32:1, s. 41-3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Problems, such as slow-healing wounds and wound infections, arising at the saphenous vein harvest surgical site following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) surgery are more common than was previously thought. Few studies exist that addressing this and which at the same time adopt a nursing – patient perspective. This project came about when staff at the regional cardiothoracic intensive care unit was notified that a number of recently discharged patients were now attending the Tissue Viability Centre for wounds at the saphenous vein harvest site. It was therefore decided to investigate this in more detail as part of quality assuring the care provided at the unit. A telephone interview was conducted with 114 respondents who in the last three months had undergone a CABG. The aim was to explore how they perceived their general health and if they experienced any problems at the harvest site. Although no statistical significance was found concerning some of the well-known risk factors, 13.2% of them experienced problems at the harvest site. The findings indicate that the cardiothoracic nurse can have an important role to play at the pre-discharge stage with regard to the provision of information and support for this group of patients.
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| 41. |
- Gustafsson, Gabriella, et al.
(author)
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Burnout and perceptions of conscience among health care personnel : a pilot study.
- 2010
-
In: Nursing Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 17:1, s. 23-38
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although organizational and situational factors have been found to predict burnout, not everyone employed at the same workplace develops it, suggesting that becoming burnt out is a complex, multifaceted phenomenon. The aim of this study was to elucidate perceptions of conscience, stress of conscience, moral sensitivity, social support and resilience among two groups of health care personnel from the same workplaces, one group on sick leave owing to medically assessed burnout (n = 20) and one group who showed no indications of burnout (n = 20). The results showed that higher levels of stress of conscience, a perception of conscience as a burden, having to deaden one's conscience in order to keep working in health care and perceiving a lack of support characterized the burnout group. Lower levels of stress of conscience, looking on life with forbearance, a perception of conscience as an asset and perceiving support from organizations and those around them (social support) characterized the non-burnout group.
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| 42. |
- Gustafsson, Susanne, 1961-, et al.
(author)
-
Ljudvarningar vid vägarbetsplatser för att uppnå sänkta hastigheter : Kartläggning och praktisk utvärdering
- 2014
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ett projekt har genomförts i syfte att hitta metoder som effektivt sänker förbipasserande trafikanters hastigheter vid vägarbetsområden genom att i realtid varna med hjälp av ljud. Projektet har bestått av två delar. Först genomfördes en kartläggning av befintliga studier. Resultaten visar att de egenskaper i en ljudvarning som ger större effekt är att den har kvinnoröst, är direkt och informativ, samverkar mellan semantik och akustik, ökar i intensitet och medför nedtoning av andra ljuddistraktioner. Med bas i resultaten från kartläggningen gjordes en praktisk utvärdering av potentiell användning av ljudvarningar vid vägarbetsplatser i VTI:s simulator Sim III. Tjugotvå personbilsförare körde 25 kilometer på en motorväg där två vägarbeten fanns utplacerade i vägrenen. Hälften av försökspersonerna fick en ljudvarning före det första vägarbetet och den andra hälften före det andra vägarbetet. Ljudvarningen bestod av ett "pling" följt av en kvinnoröst som sa ”Varning! Vägarbete om 500 meter. Anpassa hastigheten!”. Meddelandet sändes via bilens interna högtalarsystem. Resultaten visar bland annat en signifikant hastighetsreducerande effekt av ljudvarningen. Den genomsnittliga sänkningen skattas till 9–17 km/h större med ljudvarning än utan. Vidare fanns en liten effekt (0,5–3,3 km/h) kvar av ljudvarningen även efter vägarbetet. Fler resultat presenteras tillsammans med förarnas subjektiva upplevelser av försöket.
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| 43. |
- Hallgren, Oskar, et al.
(author)
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Altered fibroblast proteoglycan production in COPD
- 2010
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In: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Airway remodeling in COPD includes reorganization of the extracellular matrix. Proteoglycans play a crucial role in this process as regulators of the integrity of the extracellular matrix. Altered proteoglycan immunostaining has been demonstrated in COPD lungs and this has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis. The major cell type responsible for production and maintenance of ECM constituents, such as proteoglycans, are fibroblasts. Interestingly, it has been proposed that central airways and alveolar lung parenchyma contain distinct fibroblast populations. This study explores the hypothesis that altered depositions of proteoglycans in COPD lungs, and in particular versican and perlecan, is a result of dysregulated fibroblast proteoglycan production. Methods: Proliferation, proteoglycan production and the response to TGF-beta(1) were examined in vitro in centrally and distally derived fibroblasts isolated from COPD patients (GOLD stage IV) and from control subjects. Results: Phenotypically different fibroblast populations were identified in central airways and in the lung parenchyma. Versican production was higher in distal fibroblasts from COPD patients than from control subjects (p < 0.01). In addition, perlecan production was lower in centrally derived fibroblasts from COPD patients than from control subjects (p < 0.01). TGF-beta(1) triggered similar increases in proteoglycan production in distally derived fibroblasts from COPD patients and control subjects. In contrast, centrally derived fibroblasts from COPD patients were less responsive to TGF-beta(1) than those from control subjects. Conclusions: The results show that fibroblasts from COPD patients have alterations in proteoglycan production that may contribute to disease development. Distally derived fibroblasts from COPD patients have enhanced production of versican that may have a negative influence on the elastic recoil. In addition, a lower perlecan production in centrally derived fibroblasts from COPD patients may indicate alterations in bronchial basement membrane integrity in severe COPD.
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| 44. |
- Hallgren, Oskar, et al.
(author)
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Enhanced ROCK1 dependent contractility in fibroblast from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
- 2012
-
In: Journal of Translational Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5876. ; 10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: During wound healing processes fibroblasts account for wound closure by adopting a contractile phenotype. One disease manifestation of COPD is emphysema which is characterized by destruction of alveolar walls and our hypothesis is that fibroblasts in the COPD lungs differentiate into a more contractile phenotype as a response to the deteriorating environment. Methods: Bronchial (central) and parenchymal (distal) fibroblasts were isolated from lung explants from COPD patients (n = 9) (GOLD stage IV) and from biopsies from control subjects and from donor lungs (n = 12). Tissue-derived fibroblasts were assessed for expression of proteins involved in fibroblast contraction by western blotting whereas contraction capacity was measured in three-dimensional collagen gels. Results: The basal expression of rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) was increased in both centrally and distally derived fibroblasts from COPD patients compared to fibroblasts from control subjects (p < 0.001) and (p < 0.01), respectively. Distally derived fibroblasts from COPD patients had increased contractile capacity compared to control fibroblasts (p < 0.01). The contraction was dependent on ROCK1 activity as the ROCK inhibitor Y27632 dose-dependently blocked contraction in fibroblasts from COPD patients. ROCK1-positive fibroblasts were also identified by immunohistochemistry in the alveolar parenchyma in lung tissue sections from COPD patients. Conclusions: Distally derived fibroblasts from COPD patients have an enhanced contractile phenotype that is dependent on ROCK1 activity. This feature may be of importance for the elastic dynamics of small airways and the parenchyma in late stages of COPD.
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| 45. |
- Hammarström, Anne, et al.
(author)
-
Central gender theoretical concepts in health research : the state of the art
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 68:2, s. 185-190
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite increasing awareness of the importance of gender perspectives in health science, there is conceptual confusion regarding the meaning and the use of central gender theoretical concepts. We argue that it is essential to clarify how central concepts are used within gender theory and how to apply them to health research. We identify six gender theoretical concepts as central and interlinked-but problematic and ambiguous in health science: sex, gender, intersectionality, embodiment, gender equity and gender equality. Our recommendations are that: the concepts sex and gender can benefit from a gender relational theoretical approach (ie, a focus on social processes and structures) but with additional attention to the interrelations between sex and gender; intersectionality should go beyond additive analyses to study complex intersections between the major factors which potentially influence health and ensure that gendered power relations and social context are included; we need to be aware of the various meanings given to embodiment, which achieve an integration of gender and health and attend to different levels of analyses to varying degrees; and appreciate that gender equality concerns absence of discrimination between women and men while gender equity focuses on women's and men's health needs, whether similar or different. We conclude that there is a constant need to justify and clarify our use of these concepts in order to advance gender theoretical development. Our analysis is an invitation for dialogue but also a call to make more effective use of the knowledge base which has already developed among gender theorists in health sciences in the manner proposed in this paper.
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| 46. |
- Hammarström-Lewenhagen, Birgitta, 1951-
(author)
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Den unika möjligheten - en studie av den svenska förskolemodellen 1968-1998
- 2013
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Swedish preschool-model interlaces care, nurturing and learning and is organised to solve twin functions; providing children a playbased learning-environment and enabling parents to combine parenthood with work.The model was developed within the social sector then incorporated into the educational system 1998. This shift and the model´s “unique characteristics” praised by OECD formed the point of departure for this study.The aim of the thesis is to describe and analyse the discussions and negotiations shaping the Swedish preschool-model during 1968-1998. The research questions address: discursive themes; actors involved; governmental intentions; claims about the preschool´s task, pedagogical content and the preschool´s institutional identity and relationship to the institutions: social service, school and family. The study utilized abductive textual analysis inspired by discourse analysis and narrative approaches. Main text sources are: official reports, bills, steering documents, the preschool teachers´ periodical 1968 -1998 and a media debate.The results illuminate preschool-teachers´ struggle for a pedagogical identity and the construction of the educareconcept as a flexible and pragmatic solution to several societal interests and values.Governmental intentions concerning equality, emancipation and democratization have had great influence on the process in combination with a recurring theme about a revised preschool pedagogy with a strengthened focus on children´s learning. Political efforts to foster a preschool for all in a future are identified and described as one of the main discursive themes. Different standpoints about earlier school start are analyzed. The overall result is that the framework and core features of the model laid down by the National Commission on Child care still has a great impact on the launched syllabus (Lpfö) in the end of the period as on the curriculum in a broader sense.
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| 47. |
- Hayati, Elli Nur, 1966-
(author)
-
Domestic violence against women in rural Indonesia : searching for multilevel prevention
- 2013
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Domestic violence has been recognized globally as one of the most important Public Health concerns with severe negative health consequences for the exposed women. Through UN bodies several international milestones have successfully pushed attention towards worldwide improvements in the life situations of women. Since the ratification of the Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) in 1984, significant positive changes towards equality between men and women in Indonesia have been initiated, one being the enactment of the Domestic Violence Act in 2004. However, there is still a need to improve the knowledge about what preventive measures that are feasible and work in different settings. This thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of appropriate prevention strategies against domestic violence in rural Indonesia by exploring: i) risk factors for domestic violence; ii) women’s ways of coping with exposure to violence; iii) men’s views on masculinity and violence within marriage; and iv) challenges faced by local service agency in managing services for women survivors of domestic violence.Methods: Data from a cross sectional population based study was used to analyze risk factors for physical and sexual abuse among a cohort of pregnant women in Purworejo district. Further, a qualitative phenomenological interview study was conducted to reveal the dynamics of coping among women survivors of domestic violence in the same district. A Grounded Theory study based on focus group discussions with men formed the basis for a situational analysis of the linkage between masculinity and the use of violence within marriage. Finally, a qualitative case study was performed to explore the management practices of a local service agency in the district, to understand the challenges faced in their efforts to address domestic violence.Results: Sexual violence was associated with husbands’ demographic characteristics (age and low educated) and women’s economic independence. Exposure to physical violence among women was strongly associated with husbands’ personal characteristics. The attitudes and norms expressed by women confirmed unequal gender relationships. Experiencing violence led women to using an elastic band coping strategy, moving between actively opposing the violence and surrendering or tolerating the situation. The national gender equality policies were shown to have played a crucial role in transforming gender power relations among men and women (the gender order) in the Indonesian society. Three different positions of masculinity were identified, the traditionalist, the egalitarian, and the progressive, with different beliefs about men’s role within marriage and with various levels of accepting the use of violence. Long term structural preventive efforts and individual interventions targeted to the conflicting couples were preferred over reporting the abuser to the authorities. The major challenges faced by the local service agency were the low priority given by the authorities, mirrored also in low involvement in the daily service by the assigned volunteers. The local agency also stammered in translating the current law and policies into a society that held on to traditional and religious norms regulating the relationships between men and women.Conclusion: Overall, this thesis illustrates that sociocultural traditions and religious teaching still viscously influence people’s attitudes and beliefs about the use of violence within relationships. Domestic violence has not been accepted as a criminal act but is still to a large extent seen as a private family affair. Culturally sensitive programs aimed to bridging the gap between the current laws and policies and the socio-cultural traditions need to be further developed to protect women from domestic violence and increase gender equity in the Indonesian setting.
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| 48. |
- Hollman Frisman, Gunilla, et al.
(author)
-
The experience of becoming a grandmother to a premature infant - A balancing act, influenced by ambivalent feeling
- 2012
-
In: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 21:21-22, s. 3297-3305
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims and objectives. To explore and describe the experience of becoming a grandmother to a premature infant.Background. Becoming a grandmother involves a new perspective of life. Grandmothers of sick infants find themselves in a new situation with an adult child undergoing serious stress. Few studies have approached the grandmothers’ own experience of becoming a grandmother to a premature infant.Design. A qualitative content analysis was used.Methods. Eleven women, 52–66 years of age, who were grandmothers to premature infants born at a gestational age of 25–34 weeks, were interviewed during 2010. The infants were less than three years old at the time of the interview. The interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis.Results. The overall theme was a balancing act. Two categories of experience were identified: emotional experiences and a new role. ‘Emotional experiences’ was related to the first meeting, ambivalent feelings and confidence in care. ‘A new role’ was related to the subcategories supportive, a balance of involvement and limitations.Conclusions. To become a grandmother to a premature infant was experienced as a balancing act influenced by ambivalent feelings of joy, fear and worry. The grandmothers sensed the seriousness of the situation at the same time as they wanted to be happy about the newborn infant. They worried about their adult child’s as well as the premature infant’s health but put their own needs aside. The grandmothers’ new role was a balance between being involved and supportive without disturbing.Relevance to clinical practice. Neonatal intensive care unit staff should be open to grandmothers’ needs and acknowledge them as an obvious support for the immediate family of a premature infant. The grandmothers need guidance and information about what to expect concerning the infants health, the parents situation and their own role.
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| 49. |
- Howcroft, Rachel, et al.
(author)
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Conformity in diversity? Isotopic investigations of infant feeding practices in two Iron Age populations from southern Öland, Sweden
- 2012
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In: American Journal of Physical Anthropology. - : Wiley. - 0002-9483 .- 1096-8644. ; 149:2, s. 217-230
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article presents the results of a study of infant diet at two Iron Age sites on the island of Öland, Sweden. The cemetery at Bjärby contained a large number of subadults who had survived the earliest years of life, whereas most individuals at Triberga had died by 6 months of age. To investigate whether differences in infant feeding could explain the different mortality rates, the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotope ratios of bone and tooth dentin collagen from the two sites were analyzed. Twenty-two samples from Triberga and 102 from Bjärby yielded data that could be included in the carbon and nitrogen analysis. Twelve samples from Triberga and 42 from Bjärby were included in the sulfur analysis. The results for carbon (δ13C: Triberga X = -18.8, s.d. = 1.1; Bjärby X = -19.8, s.d. = 0.4), nitrogen (δ 15N: Triberga X = 12.9, s.d. = 1.5; Bjärby X = 13.4, s.d. = 1.4), and sulfur (δ34S: Triberga X = 8.1, s.d. = 1.1; Bjärby X = 5.8, s.d. = 1.3) suggest that diet was broadly similar at both sites and based on terrestrial resources. At Bjärby, females and high-status individuals consumed higher-trophic level protein than other males from early childhood onward. There was some indication that the contribution of marine resources to the diet may also have differed between the sexes at Triberga. No consistent differences in breast milk intake were observed between the two sites, but there was substantial variation at each. This variation may reflect an influence of gender and social status on infant feeding decisions.
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- Howcroft, Rachel, et al.
(author)
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Infant feeding practices at the Pitted Ware Culture site of Ajvide, Gotland
- 2014
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In: Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-4165 .- 1090-2686. ; 42, s. 42-53
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The infant feeding practices used at the Pitted Ware Culture (PWC) site of Ajvide on the Baltic island of Gotland were investigated using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratio analysis. The PWC weremarine hunters with a seal-based economy who lived in the Baltic region during the Middle Neolithic, and were contemporary with the farming Funnel Beaker and Boat Axe Cultures. The carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of bone collagen from adult females (14 individuals) and bone and dentine collagen from subadult individuals (23 individuals, 55 samples) from Ajvide were analysed. The results showed that the majority of infants continued breastfeeding into the third or fourth year of life. There was some variation in the types of supplementary foods used and the timing of their introduction, perhaps due to seasonal variation in the availability of different resources. One infant, a neonate, had carbonand nitrogen isotope ratios indicative of a much more terrestrial diet than usually consumed by the PWC, suggesting contact with the Neolithic farming populations in the Baltic region. Comparison of the results from Ajvide to those from other PWC sites in the Baltic region reveals that both adult and subadult dietary practices differed slightly between sites.
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