| 1. |
- Appelgren, Linnea, et al.
(author)
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Dental plaque pH and ureolytic activity in children and adults of a low caries population
- 2014
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In: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 72:3, s. 194-201
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plaque pH level and ureolytic activity among children and adults of Karen Hill tribes. Methods. Thirty-four children aged 6-10 years and 46 adults aged 20-38 years were interviewed regarding oral hygiene practices, sucrose intake and betel chewing. Caries experience (DMFT and DT), calculus, bleeding on probing (BoP) and Plaque index (PlI) were registered. Ureolytic activity in supragingival plaque was tested at two interproximal sites (11/12 and 41/42) with the rapid urease test (RUT). Registration of plaque pH was performed at two interproximal sites (15/ 16 and 31/41) before, during and 30 min after rinsing with an urea solution (0.25%). Four interproximal plaque samples (one from each quadrant) per individual were collected to test the bacterial composition using the checkerboard technique. Results. Children and adults had similarly low DMFT and DT values. Children had a higher baseline pH and a higher ureolytic activity in the maxilla (p < 0.05) compared with adults. A significant correlation (r(2) = 0.63) was found between baseline pH and urease activity in the mandibular anterior teeth. Caries-free individuals had a higher baseline pH compared with caries active individuals in the anterior mandibular region (p < 0.01). The microbiological composition was characterized by an anaerobic low acidiogenic microbiota. Conclusions. Dental plaque pH is related to the ureolytic activity, which explains the low acidogenic plaque microflora and the low caries levels in the Karen population.
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| 2. |
- Broberg, Anders G, 1950, et al.
(author)
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Stöd till barn som bevittnat våld mot mamma - Resultat från en nationell utvärdering
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Barn som bevittnar våld mot en förälder som de är beroende av för sitt välbefinnande utsätts för en form av våld. Barn behöver – i synnerhet under den tidiga barndomen – föräldrar som prioriterar barnets behov framför sina egna. När barnets ena förälder – eller någon annan som bor med familjen – slår eller förgriper sig på den andra föräldern blir barnet känslomässigt övergivet och skyddslöst. Barn kan bevittna våld mot en primär omsorgsgivare under kortare eller längre peri-oder i sitt liv, men ofta innebär det ett liv begränsat av olika typer av makt, övergrepp och förtryck. Sådana upplevelser medför en ökad risk för att barnet utvecklar problem såsom posttraumatisk stress, depression, beteendeproblem och problem med sociala relationer – både inom familjen och med kamrater. Sedan 2007 är socialtjänstens ansvar, för att barn som bevittnat våld får det stöd och den hjälp de behöver, förtydligat i Socialtjänstlagen. Det viktigaste stödet för barn som bevittnat våld mot sin mamma är skydd från fortsatt utsatthet. Internationellt sett är den vanligaste formen av stöd till barn, utöver sådant skydd, samtal i grupp. Det finns dock stora skillnader mellan vilka mål programmen är tänkta att uppnå, vilket medför att utvärderingsstudier använder varierande mått för att bedöma vad som är ett ”lyckat utfall”. Detta försvårar i sin tur jämförelser av utvärde-ringar av dessa program. I Sverige är den vanligaste typen av insats fortfarande indivi-duella samtal, även om gruppverksamheter för barn har blivit vanligare de senaste 10 åren. Kunskapen om effekterna av de metoder som utvecklats inom och utom social-tjänsten för att stödja barn som bevittnat våld mot mamma är fortfarande begränsad internationellt och i Sverige är den i stort sett obefintlig. Göteborgs universitet fick 2008 i uppdrag av Socialstyrelsen att utvärdera effekten av insatser riktade till barn som bevittnat våld mot sin mamma. Syftet med utvärderingen var att studera förändringar i barns hälsa och välbefinnande efter stödinsatser, med ut-gångspunkt i mammors och barns beskrivningar.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Eva Linnéa
(author)
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On anti-diabetic agents and the vasculature
- 2014
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Diabetes is rapidly increasing worldwide, and the number of patients suffering from diabetes is projected to rise with 50 % over the next 25 years, then affecting almost 600 million adults. Type 2 diabetes comprises 90-95 % of all people with diabetes, and they constitute a patient group that carries a high burden of cardiovascular disease. Patients with type 2 diabetes suffer a 2-4 times higher risk for myocardial infarction and stroke than healthy persons. In addition to this, diabetic patients have an increased atherosclerotic burden. Endothelial dysfunction is thought to be an early and important predictor of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, and in people with type 2 diabetes endothelial dysfunction is a common finding. Also, diabetic patients have an increased risk of restenosis and late stent thrombosis upon surgical intervention to treat atherosclerosis, complications that are related to a defective re-growth of the endothelial cells. The relationship between hyperglycemia and macrovascular complications is still uncertain, at least in terms of the possibility of reducing cardiovascular events solely by improving glycemic control. The importance of finding other strategies to improve cardiovascular outcome in type 2 diabetes patients has consequently emerged. My aim with this thesis has therefore been to investigate how agents used for type 2 diabetes management directly affect the vasculature under normal and simulated diabetic conditions. We studied the effect of antidiabetic agents on endothelial cell viability, regeneration and apoptosis in three in vitro studies. We found that a number of agents could induce proliferation under normal and hyperglycemic conditions, and protect endothelial cells from free fatty acid-induced apoptosis. We studied two antihyperglycemic agents’, metformin and exendin-4, lipoprotective effects in more detail. We found that exendin-4 and metformin protected endothelial cells against lipoapoptosis by modulating pro-apoptotic kinases. Exendin-4 and metformin were also able to activate intracellular survival pathways and to improve endothelial nitric oxide synthase dysfunction. In our last study, we investigated the effect of exendin-4 on endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in vivo by using a rat model of vascular injury, where the endothelium is denuded in the carotid artery; we found that exendin-4 selectively targeted the smooth muscle cells and decreased the injury-induced intimal hyperplasia. Treatment with exendin-4 did not affect the re-growth of the endothelial cells, but on the other hand improved arterial wall elasticity, suggesting that the re-grown endothelial cells were better functioning in exendin-4-treated animals. In conclusion, we show that drugs used in the management of type 2 diabetes exert direct positive effects on the vasculature. This might be of clinical benefit for patients suffering from diabetes by limiting the adverse consequences of the macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes, as dysfunction of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells is believed to contribute to premature development of atherosclerosis. Our findings might also be of therapeutic benefit for diabetic patients undergoing revascularization to treat atherosclerosis, since restenosis and late stent thrombosis are overrepresented and serious complications among these patients.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Domestic violence, family law and school : Children's rights to participation, protection and provision
- 2013. - 1
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Domestic Violence, Family Law and School discusses the ways in which domestic violence can impact on children's lives at pre-school and school. Disputes over parental responsibility, living arrangements or child contact can create difficulties not just for the child of disputing parents, but for all children at preschool or school, as well as for staff. This book uncovers new research on an under-explored area of children's lives and social work with vulnerable children and is shaped by a comparative lens that brings both similarities and differences between England, Wales and Sweden into focus. A theoretical framework for analyses of how welfare systems tackle domestic violence is elaborated and lessons for practice that can be drawn from the findings presented are highlighted
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Maria, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Family law proceedings, domestic violence and the impact upon school : a neglected area of research
- 2013
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In: Children & society. - : Wiley. - 0951-0605 .- 1099-0860. ; 27:2, s. 81-91
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this article is to open up a discussion about an unexplored area of children’s lives at school. While there has been considerable discussion of issues about child protection and the cooperation between school and social services in that context, studies on the intersection between school and family law proceedings seem virtually non-existent. This is also the case when it comes to family law proceedings and different forms of childhood adversity. Drawing upon previous and ongoing research on family law and domestic violence in Sweden, together with a number of other existing studies on children and domestic violence, this article outlines the potential impact of family law proceedings upon school as well as issues requiring further research exploration.
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| 7. |
- Hart, Paul BJ, et al.
(author)
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Familiarity with a partner facilitates the movementof drift foraging juvenile grayling (Thymallus thymallus) into a new habitatarea
- 2014
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In: Environmental Biology of Fishes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0378-1909 .- 1573-5133. ; 97:5, s. 515-522
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Preferring one social partner over another can enhance fitness. This paper reports that juvenile grayling were significantly more likely to enter and forage in new, upstream habitats when paired with familiar versus unfamiliar social partners. Fish paired with unfamiliar partners or when alone were more reluctant to enter the new area. The entry times for both fish in a familiar pair were significantly correlated, but uncorrelated for unfamiliar fish. These differences between familiars and unfamiliars were consistent over a 2-week period. Fish with familiar partners spent more time within three body lengths of each other than did those with unfamiliars. The results are discussed in relation to optimality models of drift foraging, which do not included sociality. It is suggested that the social dimension creates a more dynamic foraging response to variable environmental conditions and could have consequences for growth.
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| 9. |
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The African Union in Light of the Arab Revolts : An appraisal of the foreign policy and security objectives of South Africa, Ethiopia and Algeria
- 2013
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The fall of authoritarian regimes in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya has changed political dynamics on the African continent. One immediate concern has been the implications of these developments for the African Union (AU) and its member states. Would overall political dynamics in the AU be changed? Would the most powerful member states use the altered circumstances to enhance their influence on AU policies andframeworks? What would the impact be for the AU's overall authority? In this Discussion Paper series, three edited papers are presented that tackle AU political and institutional dynamics in light of the Arab revolts. A particular puzzle addressed is the current postures of South Africa, Ethiopia and Algeria within the AU. A separate analysis of Nigeria's role was published earlier in the NAI-FOI Lecture Series on African Security.The work in this discussion series reflects the longstanding collaboration between the Swedish Defence Research Agency's Project Studies in African Security and the Nordic Africa Institute to build Africa-related research capacity on peace and security.
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| 10. |
- Wiklund-Hörnkvist, Carola, et al.
(author)
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The neural mechanisms underlying test-enhanced learning: An event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study
- 2012
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In: Earli-SIG 22: Neuroscience and Education" 24th-26th May 2012, Institute of Education, London. ; , s. 9-9
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Considerable research in cognitive psychology has demonstrated that testing improves the performance on later retention tests, a phenomenon called the testing-effect. However, the neural mechanisms of test-enhanced learning are not well understood. The current study examined changes in functional brain networks in relation to repeated retrieval (i.e. test-enhanced learning).Participants (n=20) first studied 60 Swahili-Swedish word-pairs. Subsequently, they underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while being tested on each study item three times.Successful repeated retrieval was characterized by decreased activity in prefrontal and premotor regions and in the right caudate, compared to items not successfully retrieved at consecutive tests. Successful repeated retrieval was also characterized by increased activity in right middle temporal cortex (BA 37 & 21).Tentatively, these results imply that the benefits of test-enhanced learning in part is due to decreased need for executive processing along with strengthening of semantic representations.The current results generate novel information on the effectiveness of testing as a learning method and thus contribute to bridge the current gap between cognitive neuroscience and educational research.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Öhrström, Niklas, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Audiovisual integration in binaural, monaural and dichotic listening
- 2011
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In: Proceedings, FONETIK 2011. ; , s. 29-32
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Audiovisual speech perception was investigated in three different conditions: (i) binaurally, where the same sound was presented in both ears, (ii) monaurally, where the sound was presented in one ear randomly, and (iii) dichotically, where the subjects were asked to focus on what was heard in the right ear. The results showed visual influence to be lowered in random monaural presentation as well as in dichotic presentation. Low visual influence to dichotic presentation, as compared with binaural presentation, supports the notion of an attentional component in audiovisual speech processing. Low visual influence in the random monaural presentation may be due to increased attention to the auditory modality because of uncertainty.
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