| 1. |
- Eriksson, Jonna Maria, et al.
(author)
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Effect of co-twin gender on neurodevelopmental symptoms : a twin register study
- 2016
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In: Molecular Autism. - Stockholm : BioMed Central. - 2040-2392. ; 7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental disorders thought to have both genetic and environmental causes. It has been hypothesized that exposure to elevated levels of prenatal testosterone is associated with elevated traits of ASD and ADHD. Assuming that testosterone levels from a dizygotic male twin fetus may lead to enhanced testosterone exposure of its co-twins, we aimed to test the prenatal testosterone hypothesis by comparing same-sex with opposite-sex dizygotic twins with respect to neurodevelopmental symptoms.Methods: Neuropsychiatric traits were assessed in a population-based twin cohort from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS). Parental interviews were conducted for 16,312 dizygotic twins, 9 and 12 years old, with the Autism-Tics, ADHD, and other Comorbidities inventory (A-TAC).Results: Girls with a female co-twin had an increased risk of reaching the cut-off score for ADHD compared with girls with a male co-twin. Both boys and girls with a female co-twin displayed a larger number of traits related to attention deficit and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors than those with a male twin. In girls, this also extended to social interaction and the combined measures for ASD and ADHD, however, with small effect sizes.Conclusions: Our results are reverse to what would have been expected from the prenatal testosterone hypothesis but consistent with a previous study of ASD and ADHD traits in dizygotic twins. The seemingly protective effect for girls of having a twin brother may be an effect of parent report bias, but may also be an unexpected effect of sharing the intrauterine environment with a male co-twin.
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| 2. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(author)
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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson Sköld, Helen, et al.
(author)
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Motoric impairment following manganese exposure in asteroid echinoderms
- 2015
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In: Aquatic Toxicology. - 0166-445X .- 1879-1514. ; 167, s. 31-37
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the oceans, naturally occurring manganese (Mn) is released from the sediments during events of hypoxia. While neuro- and immuno-toxic effects of bioavailable manganese are well documented for crustaceans, studies of similar effects of manganese on other marine invertebrates are comparatively few. Here, we developed a new functional test "the repeated turning assay" to investigate if manganese exposure at ∼12mgL(-1) affected motoric behaviour of two asteroid echinoderms, the Common sea star, Asterias rubens, and the Black brittle star, Ophiocomina nigra. By measuring of the turning-over capacity, from dorsal to ventral position, after one and two weeks of manganese exposure, we showed that for both species Mn exposure significantly delayed the ability to turn. After a recovery period of two weeks, the capacity of turning-over was not restored to that of unexposed animals neither for A. rubens nor for O. nigra. Further investigation of sea stars showed that Mn accumulated ∼5 fold in the tube feet, organs involved in their turning-over activity, and the high concentration remained after the recovery period. In the tube feet we also recorded an increased activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), here used as a proxy for neuromuscular disturbances. The results indicated that Mn induces neuromuscular disturbance in echinoderms which is important news, given that previous studies have concluded that adult echinoderms are relatively tolerant to Mn.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson Sköld, Helen, 1970, et al.
(author)
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Motoric impairment following manganese exposure in asteroide chinoderms
- 2015
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In: Aquatic Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-445X .- 1879-1514. ; 167, s. 31-37
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the oceans, naturally occurring manganese (Mn) is released from the sediments during events of hypoxia. While neuro- and immuno-toxic effects of bioavailable manganese are well documented for crustaceans, studies of similar effects of manganese on other marine invertebrates are comparatively few. Here, we developed a new functional test “the repeated turning assay” to investigate if manganese exposure at ∼12 mg L−1 affected motoric behaviour of two asteroid echinoderms, the Common sea star, Asterias rubens, and the Black brittle star, Ophiocomina nigra. By measuring of the turning-over capacity, from dorsal to ventral position, after one and two weeks of manganese exposure, we showed that for both species Mn exposure significantly delayed the ability to turn. After a recovery period of two weeks, the capacity of turning-over was not restored to that of unexposed animals neither for A. rubens nor for O. nigra. Further investigation of sea stars showed that Mn accumulated ∼5 fold in the tube feet, organs involved in their turning-over activity, and the high concentration remained after the recovery period. In the tube feet we also recorded an increased activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), here used as a proxy for neuromuscular disturbances. The results indicated that Mn induces neuromuscular disturbance in echinoderms which is important news, given that previous studies have concluded that adult echinoderms are relatively tolerant to Mn.
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| 5. |
- Sundström, Johan, Professor, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Risk factors for subarachnoid haemorrhage : a nationwide cohort of 950 000 adults
- 2019
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In: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 48:6, s. 2018-2025
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease, with high mortality rate and substantial disability among survivors. Its causes are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate risk factors for SAH using a novel nationwide cohort consortium.METHODS: We obtained individual participant data of 949 683 persons (330 334 women) between 25 and 90 years old, with no history of SAH at baseline, from 21 population-based cohorts. Outcomes were obtained from the Swedish Patient and Causes of Death Registries.RESULTS: During 13 704 959 person-years of follow-up, 2659 cases of first-ever fatal or non-fatal SAH occurred, with an age-standardized incidence rate of 9.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) (7.4-10.6)/100 000 person-years] in men and 13.8 [(11.4-16.2)/100 000 person-years] in women. The incidence rate increased exponentially with higher age. In multivariable-adjusted Poisson models, marked sex interactions for current smoking and body mass index (BMI) were observed. Current smoking conferred a rate ratio (RR) of 2.24 (95% CI 1.95-2.57) in women and 1.62 (1.47-1.79) in men. One standard deviation higher BMI was associated with an RR of 0.86 (0.81-0.92) in women and 1.02 (0.96-1.08) in men. Higher blood pressure and lower education level were also associated with higher risk of SAH.CONCLUSIONS: The risk of SAH is 45% higher in women than in men, with substantial sex differences in risk factor strengths. In particular, a markedly stronger adverse effect of smoking in women may motivate targeted public health initiatives.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ablondi, Michela, et al.
(author)
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Signatures of selection in the genome of Swedish warmblood horses selected for sport performance
- 2019
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In: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background A growing demand for improved physical skills and mental attitude in modern sport horses has led to strong selection for performance in many warmblood studbooks. The aim of this study was to detect genomic regions with low diversity, and therefore potentially under selection, in Swedish Warmblood horses (SWB) by analysing high-density SNP data. To investigate if such signatures could be the result of selection for equestrian sport performance, we compared our SWB SNP data with those from Exmoor ponies, a horse breed not selected for sport performance traits. Results The genomic scan for homozygous regions identified long runs of homozygosity (ROH) shared by more than 85% of the genotyped SWB individuals. Such ROH were located on ECA4, ECA6, ECA7, ECA10 and ECA17. Long ROH were instead distributed evenly across the genome of Exmoor ponies in 77% of the chromosomes. Two population differentiation tests (F-ST and XP-EHH) revealed signatures of selection on ECA1, ECA4, and ECA6 in SWB horses. Conclusions Genes related to behaviour, physical abilities and fertility, appear to be targets of selection in the SWB breed. This study provides a genome-wide map of selection signatures in SWB horses, and ground for further functional studies to unravel the biological mechanisms behind complex traits in horses.
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| 11. |
- Aires, Filipe, et al.
(author)
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Towards more realistic hypotheses for the information content analysis of cloudy/precipitating situations - Application to a hyperspectral instrument in the microwave
- 2019
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In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. - : Wiley. - 0035-9009 .- 1477-870X. ; 145:718, s. 1-14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Information Content (IC) analysis can be used before an instrument is built to estimate its retrieval uncertainties and analyse their sensitivity to several factors. It is a very useful method to define/optimize satellite instruments. IC has shown its potential to compare instrument concepts in the infrared or the microwave. IC is based on some hypotheses such as the the Gaussian character of the radiative transfer (RT) and instrument errors, the first-guess errors (Gaussian character, std and correlation structure), or the linearization of the RT around a first guess. These hypotheses are easier to define for simple atmospheric situations. However, even in the clear-sky case, their complexity has never ceased to increase towards more realism, to optimize the assimilation of satellite measurements in numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. In the cloudy/precipitating case, these hypotheses are even more difficult to define in a realistic way as many factors are still very difficult to quantify. In this study, several tools are introduced to specify more realistic IC hypotheses than the current practice. We focus on microwave observations as they are more pertinent for clouds and precipitation. Although not perfect, the proposed solutions are a new step towards more realistic IC assumptions of cloudy/precipitating scenes. A state-dependence of the RT errors is introduced, the first-guess errors have a more complex vertical structure, the IC is performed simultaneously on all the hydrometeors to take into account the contamination effect of the RT input uncertainties, and the IC is performed on a diversified set of cloudy/precipitating scenes with well-defined hydrometeor assumptions. The method presented in this study is illustrated using the HYperspectral Microwave Sensor (HYMS) instrument concept with channels between 6.9 and 874 GHz (millimetre and sub-millimetre regions). HYMS is considered as a potential next generation microwave sounder.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bergstrom, Aileen, et al.
(author)
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Association between satisfaction and participation in everyday occupations after stroke
- 2017
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 24:5, s. 339-348
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Within occupational therapy, it is assumed that individuals are satisfied when participating in everyday occupations that they want to do. However, there is little empirical evidence to show this. Aims: The aim of this study is to explore and describe the relation between satisfaction and participation in everyday occupations in a Swedish cohort, 5 years post stroke. Methods: Sixty-nine persons responded to the Occupational Gaps Questionnaire (OGQ). The questionnaire measures subjective restrictions in participation, i.e. the discrepancy between doing and wanting to do 30 different occupations in everyday life, and satisfaction per activity. Results were analysed with McNemar/chi-square. Results: Seventy percent of the persons perceived participation restrictions. Individuals that did not perceive restrictions in their participation had a significantly higher level of satisfaction (p=.002) compared to those that had restrictions. Participants that performed activities that they wanted to do report between 79 and 100% satisfaction per activity. Conclusion: In this cohort, there was a significant association between satisfaction and participating in everyday occupations one wants to do, showing that satisfaction is an important aspect of participation and substantiates a basic assumption within occupational therapy. The complexity of measuring satisfaction and participation in everyday occupations is discussed.
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| 15. |
- Bertelsen, Olav, et al.
(author)
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Generalization: Beyond research for the very particular
- 2019
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In: Interactions. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1072-5520 .- 1558-3449. ; 26:1, s. 35-38
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this article, we discuss HCI research that does not aim for universal or generic solutions, but rather focuses on addressing the particular challenges of particular people in particular situations or activities. We clarify what we mean by design and research for the very particular with examples from industry and academic research, highlight benefits and potential problems, discuss our suggestions, and conclude with a list of open questions for HCI researchers to consider.
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| 16. |
- Bladh, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Exploring Mass-Loss in M-type AGB Stars
- 2015
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In: WHY GALAXIES CARE ABOUT AGB STARS III. - : ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC. ; , s. 345-350
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Stellar winds observed in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are usually attributed to a combination of stellar pulsations and radiation pressure on dust. Strong candidates for wind-driving dust species in M-type AGB stars are magnesium silicates (Mg2SiO4 and MgSiO3). Such grains can form close to the stellar surface; they consist of abundant materials and, if they grow to sizes comparable to the wavelength of the stellar flux maximum, they experience strong acceleration by photon scattering. Here we present results from an extensive set of time-dependent wind models for M-type AGB stars with a detailed description for the growth of Mg2SiO4 grains. We show that these models reproduce observed mass-loss rates and wind velocities, as well as visual and near-IR photometry. However, the current models do not show the characteristic silicate features at 10 and 18 mu m, due to a rapidly falling temperature of Mg2SiO4 grains in the wind. Including a small amount of Fe in the grains further out in the circumstellar envelope will increase the grain temperature and result in pronounced silicate features, without significantly affecting the photometry in the visual and near-IR.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Christensen, Ole Martin, 1984, et al.
(author)
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The relationship between polar mesospheric clouds and their background atmosphere as observed by Odin-SMR and Odin-OSIRIS
- 2016
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In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 16:19, s. 12587-12600
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study the properties of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) and the background atmosphere in which they exist are studied using measurements from two instruments, OSIRIS and SMR, on board the Odin satellite. The data comes from a set of tomographic measurements conducted by the satellite during 2010 and 2011. The expected ice mass density and cloud frequency for conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium, calculated using the temperature and water vapour as measured by SMR, are compared to the ice mass density and cloud frequency as measured by OSIRIS. We find that assuming thermodynamic equilibrium reproduces the seasonal, latitudinal and vertical variations in ice mass density and cloud frequency, but with a high bias of a factor of 2 in ice mass density. To investigate this bias, we use a simple ice particle growth model to estimate the time it would take for the observed clouds to sublimate completely and the time it takes for these clouds to reform. We find a difference in the median sublimation time (1.8 h) and the reformation time (3.2 h) at peak cloud altitudes (82-84 km). This difference implies that temperature variations on these timescales have a tendency to reduce the ice content of the clouds, possibly explaining the high bias of the equilibrium model. Finally, we detect and are, for the first time, able to positively identify cloud features with horizontal scales of 100 to 300 km extending far below the region of supersaturation (>2 km). Using the growth model, we conclude these features cannot be explained by sedimentation alone and suggest that these events may be an indication of strong vertical transport.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Ekstam, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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The combined perceptions of people with stroke and their carers regarding rehabilitation needs 1 year after stroke : a mixed methods study
- 2015
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In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 5:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore the associations between the dyad's (person with stroke and informal caregiver) perception of the person with stroke's rehabilitation needs and stroke severity, personal factors (gender, age, sense of coherence), the use of rehabilitation services, amount of informal care and caregiver burden. Further, the aim was to explore the personal experience of everyday life changes among persons with stroke and their caregivers and their strategies for handling these 1 year after stroke. Design: A mixed methods design was used combining quantitative and qualitative data and analyses. Setting: Data were mainly collected in the participants' homes. Outcome measures: Data were collected through established instruments and open-ended interviews. The dyad's perceptions of the person with stroke's rehabilitation needs were assessed by the persons with stroke and their informal caregivers using a questionnaire based on Ware's taxonomy. The results were combined and classified into three groups: met, discordant (ie, not in agreement) and unmet rehabilitation needs. To assess sense of coherence (SOC) in persons with stroke, the SOC-scale was used. Caregiver burden was assessed using the Caregiver Burden Scale. Data on the use of rehabilitation services were obtained from the computerised register at the Stockholm County Council. Participants: 86 persons with stroke (mean age 73 years, 38% women) and their caregivers (mean age 65 years, 40% women). Results: Fifty-two per cent of the dyads perceived that the person with stroke's need for rehabilitation was met 12 months after stroke. Met rehabilitation needs were associated with less severe stroke, more coping strategies for solving problems in everyday activities and less caregiver burden. Conclusions: Rehabilitation interventions need to focus on supporting the dyads' process of psychological and social adaptation after stroke. Future studies need to explore and evaluate the effects of using a dyadic perspective throughout rehabilitation.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Eriksson, Anita, et al.
(author)
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Krav, uppmaningar och frågor : en autoetnografisk reflektion över handledning av självständiga arbeten
- 2016
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In: Utbildning och Lärande / Education and Learning. - Skövde : Högskolan i Skövde. - 2001-4554. ; 10:1, s. 70-87
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The degree project represents an important part of higher education since it will examine the student´s knowledge in relation to the degree goals and the student´s ability to work independently under supervision. The supervision that is requested and given constitutes a central part of the student´s working process and depending on the supervision´s character it can also impact on the student´s possibilities to independence. Using as a point of departure the intention to make visible and to problematize our students’ ability to be independent, the aim of the study presented here is to identify the specific features of the written supervision which we as supervisors give to students in the form of comments. The attempt is auto-ethnographic, which means that we reflect over our own way to supervise. As support for the analysis parts of Bernstein´s theory have been used. The article describes and problematizes how we as supervisors have used comments in form of demands, exhortations and questions, the motives for the different kinds of comments and how different comments impact on the student´s possibility to use and show his/her ability to work independently. The article contributes with knowledge about what is happening during the supervision, it can be used as foundation for discussion about supervision in relation to the student´s independence and gives an example on self-reflection over one´s supervision.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Eriksson, Catrin, et al.
(author)
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Quality of websites about long-acting reversible contraception : a descriptive cross-sectional study
- 2019
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In: Reproductive Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1742-4755. ; 16:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Today, there are various short- and long-acting contraceptive alternatives available for those who wish to prevent unintended pregnancy. Long-acting reversible contraception are considered effective methods with a high user satisfaction. High-quality information about contraception is essential in order to empower individuals to reach informed decisions based on sufficient knowledge. Use of the Web for information about contraception is widespread, and there is a risk that those who use it for this purpose could come in contact with sources of low quality.OBJECTIVE: The overarching aim was to investigate the quality of websites about long-acting reversible contraception.METHODS: Swedish client-oriented websites were identified through searches in Google (n = 46 included websites). Reliability and information about long-acting reversible contraceptive choices were assessed by two assessors with the DISCERN instrument, transparency was analyzed with the Journal of the American Medical Association benchmarks, completeness was assessed with inductive content analysis and readability was analyzed with Readability Index.RESULTS: The mean DISCERN was 44.1/80 (SD 7.7) for total score, 19.7/40 (SD 3.7) for reliability, 22.1/35 (SD 4.1) for information about long-acting reversible contraceptive choices, and 2.3/5 (SD 1.1) for overall quality. A majority of the included websites had low quality with regard to what sources were used to compile the information (n = 41/46, 89%), when the information was produced (n = 40/46, 87%), and if it provided additional sources of support and information (n = 30/46, 65%). Less than half of the websites adhered to any of the JAMA benchmarks. We identified 23 categories of comprehensiveness. The most frequent was contraceptive mechanism (n = 39/46, 85%) and the least frequent was when contraception may be initiated following an abortion (n = 3/46, 7%). The mean Readability Index was 42.5 (SD 6.3, Range 29-55) indicating moderate to difficult readability levels, corresponding to a grade level of 9.CONCLUSIONS: The quality of client-oriented websites about long-acting reversible contraception is poor. There is an undeniable need to support and guide laypersons that intend to use web-based sources about contraceptive alternatives, so that they may reach informed decisions based on sufficient knowledge.
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| 27. |
- Eriksson, Erik, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Exploring complaints by female and male patients at Swedish hospitals using a probabilistic graphical model
- 2018
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 32:3, s. 1148-1156
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Patients’ complaints have been highlighted as important for constructively improving healthcare services. In so doing, it may be important to identify disparities in experiences based on patients’ demographics, such as sex. Aim: To explore hospital recorded complaints addressing potential sex differences and whether complaints were reported by the patient or a relative. Methods: Quantitative study of all 835 closed patient complaints during 2013 at three mid-sized hospitals in Sweden. The complaints were categorisation based on perceived quality theory and analysed using a probabilistic graphical model. The findings were validated through qualitative interviews. Findings: Female patients were more likely than male patients to report dissatisfaction with interpersonal issues, whereas male patients were more likely to report dissatisfaction with administration. If a complaint from a male patient had been reported by a relative, the matter was more likely to be interpersonal. Improvement suggestions were predominantly reported by staff. However, patients and relatives proved more likely than staff to report improvement suggestions when dissatisfied with interpersonal matters. Conclusion: Using a Bayesian network, this article suggests that complaints in health care should be more holistically understood and the factors should be viewed as interconnected. This article addresses complaints as an important source of identifying not only perceived healthcare deficiencies and sex disparities, but also improvement suggestions.
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| 28. |
- Eriksson, Jenny, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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An analysis of cyclists' speed at combined pedestrian and cycle paths
- 2019
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In: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. ; 20:sup3, s. 56-61
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: In Sweden, cyclists, pedestrians, and moped riders share the space on combined pedestrian and cycle paths, and their speeds may differ greatly. As a starting point, this article studies the speed component and how cyclists' speed varies at pedestrian and cycle paths depending on the day, week, and year; road user composition; and road design.Methods: Three data sources were used: 1) Existing measurements of cycle speed and flow at 17 sites in 3 different Swedish municipalities; 2) complementary measurements of cycle speed and flow at 5 sites; and 3) roadside observations of bicycle types at these 5 new sites.Results: The average speed of cyclists on the paths varied between 12.5 and 26.5 km/h. As expected, the lower average speeds were found in uphill directions, near intersections, and on paths with high pedestrian flows. The higher speeds were found in downhill directions and on commuter routes. In all, 70%-95% of road users observed on pedestrian and cycle paths were cyclists, and 5%-30% were pedestrians. The 2 sites with the highest proportion of electric-assisted bicycles and racer bicycles also had the highest average speeds.Conclusions: The relationship between bicycle type and measured speed was not entirely clear, but the results suggest that paths with higher proportions of electric and racer bicycles have higher average speeds. There also appears to be a connection between average speed and the width of the distribution; that is, the higher the average speed, the wider the speed distribution. More research is needed on how speed levels and speed variance affect accident risk.
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| 29. |
- Eriksson, Jenny, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Cyclists’ speeds : field obervations and measurements
- 2018
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In: 7th International Cycling Safety Conference, ICSC2018, 10-11 October 2018, Bacelona, Spain.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to enhance the understanding of cyclists’ speed on pedestrian and cycle paths and to understand how cyclists adapt their speed to other road users and the surrounding environment. The paper is based on a study where three different data sources were used: existing measurements of cycle speed and flow in three different Swedish municipalities, Eskilstuna, Linköping and Stockholm (19 sites); new measurements of cycle speed and flow in Linköping (4 sites) and Stockholm (1 site); and road side observations of bicycle types at these five sites.The average speed of cyclists on the paths varied between 15 and 25 kilometres per hour. As expected, the lower average speeds were found in uphill directions, near intersections and on paths with high pedestrian flows. The higher speeds were found in downhill directions and on commuter routes. In all, 70–95 percent of the road users observed on pedestrian and cycle paths were cyclists while 5–30 percent were pedestrians. The most common type of bicycle used was a comfort bike, followed by a trekking bike. Electric assisted bicycles and racer bikes occurred at all sites, with a proportion of 1–10 percent and 1–15 percent, respectively. The relationship be-tween bicycle type and measured speed was not entirely clear, but the paths with higher pro-portions of electric and racer bikes generally had higher speeds. There also appears to be a con-nection between average speed and the width of the distribution – the higher the average speed, the wider the speed distribution. More research is needed on how this affects the accident risk.
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| 30. |
- Eriksson, Jenny, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Cyklisters hastigheter : Kartläggning, mätningar och observation
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- På gång- och cykelvägar blandas många olika trafikanter med skilda hastighetsanspråk. Skillnader i hastighet skulle kunna vara en orsak till brister i samspel trafikanterna emellan och till att incidenter och olyckor uppstår. Syftet med detta projekt är att få ökad kunskap om cyklisters hastigheter på gång- och cykelvägar och förståelse för hur cyklisterna anpassar hastigheten till omgivande trafikanter och trafikmiljö. Tre olika typer av data har använts: Hastighet och cykelflöde från tidigare mätningar i kommunerna Eskilstuna, Linköping och Stockholm på totalt 18 platser; hastighet och cykelflöde i Linköping (4 platser) och Stockholm (1 plats) från nya mätningar; observationer avseende typ av cyklar vid dessa fem platser. Utöver detta har vi också sammanställt några utvalda referenser.Data visar att cyklisternas medelhastighet på utvald sträcka varierar mellan 15 och 25 kilometer i timmen. Som väntat förekommer de lägre medelhastigheterna i uppförsbacke, vid närhet till korsning och vid stort fotgängarflöde medan de högre framför allt märks i nedförsbacke och på pendlingsstråk. Vi kan inte påvisa någon generell ökning av cyklisternas hastighet i ett längre tidsperspektiv, vare sig i medelhastighet eller andel cyklister som håller högre fart än 30 kilometer i timmen. Däremot har cykelflödet ökat på många platser. Det innebär att antalet cyklister som håller en hög hastighet, exempelvis över 30 kilometer i timmen, ökar, även om inte andelen ökar. Detta kan felaktigt uppfattas som ökade medelhastigheter. Ungefär 70–95 procent av de trafikanter som observerades på gång- och cykelvägarna var cyklister och cirka 5–30 procent var fotgängare. En ytterst liten andel var mopedister, endast 0,2 procent. Komfortcykeln var den vanligast förekommande typen av cykel, följt av trekkingcykel. Elcykel förekom på alla platser, men i varierande omfattning från 1 till 10 procent. Racercykel förekom också på alla platser, mellan 1–15 procent. Sambandet mellan typen av cykel och hastighetsanspråk är inte helt entydigt, men resultaten stöder påståendet att cyklister på elcykel och racercykel har högre hastighetsanspråk.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Eriksson, Kjell, et al.
(author)
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A New Library of Synthetic Spectra and Photometry for Evolved C Stars
- 2015
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In: WHY GALAXIES CARE ABOUT AGB STARS III. - : ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC. - 9781583818794 ; , s. 111-112
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a library of synthetic spectra and photometry calculated on the basis of a grid of atmosphere and wind models for carbon-rich, pulsating AGB stars. The spectra cover the range between 0.35 and 25 mu m with a spectral resolution of R=200. The corresponding photometric variations during several pulsation periods were computed for standard broadband filters in the visual and near-infrared.
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| 33. |
- Eriksson, Lorraine, 1990-, et al.
(author)
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Whole-Genome Sequencing of Emerging Invasive Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup W in Sweden
- 2018
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In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 56:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Invasive disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W (MenW) has historically had a low incidence in Sweden, with an average incidence of 0.03 case/100,000 population from 1995 to 2014. In recent years, a significant increase in the incidence of MenW has been noted in Sweden, to an average incidence of 0.15 case/100,000 population in 2015 to 2016. In 2017 (1 January to 30 June), 33% of invasive meningococcal disease cases (7/21 cases) were caused by MenW. In the present study, all invasive MenW isolates from Sweden collected in 1995 to June 2017 (n = 86) were subjected to whole-genome sequencing to determine the population structure and to compare isolates from Sweden with historical and international cases. The increase of MenW in Sweden was determined to be due to isolates belonging to the South American sublineage of MenW clonal complex 11, namely, the novel U.K. 2013 lineage. This lineage was introduced in Sweden in 2013 and has since been the dominant lineage of MenW.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Eriksson, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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A genome-wide association study of young horse test traits in Swedish Warmblood
- 2016
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In: Book of Abstracts, EAAP. - 1382-6077. ; 22, s. 576-576
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Tests of three-year-old Swedish Warmblood (SWB) horses include traditional subjective assessments on a ten point scale of the quality of the horses in relation to the breeding goal. In 2013 a complementary linear scoring of the horses on a nine point scale from one extreme to the other was introduced. The horses are assessed for traits related to conformation, gaits and jumping ability. Also, deviations from normality are indicated for some traits (0/1). In this study we aimed to find genomic regions associated with these test traits. In total 380 SWB horses tested as three-year-olds in 2013 or 2014 were genotyped using the Affymetrix 670k SNP bead chip. After quality control the data set included 379 horses and 467,606 SNPs. Counting also traits recorded in only one of the years, the data included 97 traits. A fast score test for association in the R software GenAbel was used for a first set of analyses. The uncorrected lambda value was >1 for most traits so genomic control was used, and the model included year and place of the test and sex of the horse. Preliminary results validate findings in other horse breeds of a region on ECA3 highly significant for height at withers. SNP-associations significant after Bonferroni correction were also found for traditionally scored type of the horse, and linear measures of type (light - heavy built). Because the data was particularly stratified for jumping traits, analyses were also done within clusters of genomic relationship. Within one of the two clusters, significant associations were also found for jumping technique. Suggestive significant associations were found for several traits, and continued analyses including polygenic effects are in the pipeline.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Eriksson, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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Entreprenörskap på HVV : ett pilotprojekt med bestående effekter i entreprenöriellt lärande
- 2016
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In: <em>Samproduktionens retorik och praktik – inom området hälsa och välfärd</em>. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144114828 ; , s. 111-128
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I det här kapitlet belyses samverkan från dimensionerna uppåt (med Tillväxtverket för att söka nya samverkansformer med högskoleaktörer), utåt (mellan projekt vid andra högskolor/universitet), inåt (mellan olika delar av akademin och olika delar av högskolan) och nedåt (mot studenter, vilket kom att utvecklas under projektets gång).Utgångspunkten för detta exempel på samverkan och samproduktion är ett treårigt pilotprojekt för att etablera entreprenörskap inom vård- och omsorgsutbildningar. Projektet startade 2012, pågick till och med 2014 och ingick i ett av Tillväxtverket finansierat pilotprogram tillsammans med fyra andra lärosäten (se Samverkan i projektet nedan). Pilotprojektet har dessutom identifierat tre samverkansinriktningar: explorerande samverkan (bygga ny kunskap tillsammans), expanderande samverkan (engagera fler i värdeskapande aktiviteter) och evolverande samverkan (ömsesidig kontinuerlig anpassning). I analysen och diskussionen återkommer denna kategorisering. Utöver detta diskuteras relationen mellan styrning och koordination samt hur skillnader i målsättningar bör påverka upplägget för samverkan och samproduktion.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Eriksson, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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Genetic trends for fertility, udder health and protein yield in Swedish red cattle estimated with different models
- 2017
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In: Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics. - : Wiley. - 0931-2668 .- 1439-0388. ; 134, s. 308-321
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to estimate and compare genetic trends in Swedish Red cattle using a full multiple-trait (MT) model and trait-group-wise models for female fertility, udder health and protein yield. Field data for maiden heifers from 1989 and cows with a first and second lactation between 1990 and 2007 were included. (Co)variance components were estimated prior to prediction of breeding values. The estimated genetic trends were clearly favourable for protein yield and udder conformation, and in most cases neutral to favourable for clinical mastitis and calving to first insemination. In maiden heifers, the trends were neutral for number of inseminations per service period. Unfavourable genetic trends were estimated for number of inseminations in the first two lactations, but the trends seemed less unfavourable from evaluations within trait groups compared with when using the full MT model. Excluding maiden heifer data affected genetic trends less than using trait-group-wise analyses instead of a full MT model. Unfavourable genetic trends in functional traits may be missed unless the traits are evaluated in a MT model including traits under strong selection.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Eriksson, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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Invited review: Breeding and ethical perspectives on genetically modified and genome edited cattle
- 2018
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In: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 0022-0302 .- 1525-3198. ; 101, s. 1-17
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The hot topic of genetic modification and genome editing is sometimes presented as a rapid solution to various problems in the field of animal breeding and genetics. These technologies hold potential for future use in agriculture but we need to be aware of difficulties in large-scale application and integration in breeding schemes. In this review, we discuss applications of both classical genetic modifications (GM) using vectors and genome editing in dairy cattle breeding. We use an interdisciplinary approach considering both ethical and animal breeding perspectives. Decisions on how to make use of these techniques need to be made based not only on what is possible, but on what is reasonable to do. Principles of animal integrity, naturalness, risk perception, and animal welfare issues are examples of ethically relevant factors to consider. These factors also influence public perception and decisions about regulations by authorities. We need to acknowledge that we lack complete understanding of the genetic background of complex traits. It may be difficult, therefore, to predict the full effect of certain modifications in large-scale breeding programs. We present 2 potential applications: genome editing to dispense with dehorning, and insertion of human genes in bovine genomes to improve udder health as an example of classical GM. Both of these cases could be seen as beneficial for animal welfare but they differ in other aspects. In the former case, a genetic variant already present within the species is introduced, whereas in the latter case, transgenic animals are generated-this difference may influence how society regards the applications. We underline that the use of GM, as well as genome editing, of farm animals such as cattle is not independent of the context, and should be considered as part of an entire process, including, for example, the assisted reproduction technology that needs to be used. We propose that breeding organizations and breeding companies should take an active role in ethical discussions about the use of these techniques and thereby signal to society that these questions are being responsibly addressed.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Eriksson, Susanne
(author)
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Kan vi förändra arvsmassan?
- 2016
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In: Husdjur. - 0046-8339. ; 2016, s. 63-
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Eriksson, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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Norwegian dairy farmers' preferences for breeding goal traits and associations with herd and farm characteristics
- 2019
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In: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4702 .- 1651-1972. ; 68, s. 117-123
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aims of this study were to investigate variation and clustering in breeding goal trait preferences among Norwegian dairy farmers and to identify factors with a systematic influence on their preferences. An internet-based questionnaire was sent out to dairy farmers connected to the Norwegian co-operative breeding organization Geno (N = 8222), of which 10.8% answered (N = 888). Of the 15 suggested traits fertility had the highest overall ranking, while parasite resistance and methane emission had the lowest. Four distinct preference clusters were identified by the means of cluster analysis, of which two had a high preference for milk production. Differences in terms of farm and herd characteristics between clusters suggests a mixture of systematic and intrinsic effects on breeding goal trait priorities. This study shows that Norwegian dairy farmers' preferences for breeding goal traits fall into four distinct clusters, both affected by herd and farm characteristics along with intrinsic values.
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| 49. |
- Eriksson, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence and genetic parameters for cryptorchidism in Swedish-born Icelandic horses
- 2015
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In: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 180, s. 1-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cryptorchidism is a defect in males where one or both testes fail to descend normally into the scrotum. If both testes are retained, the stallion will be infertile. There are few studies of the prevalence of the condition in horses based on field data, and heritability estimates for equine cryptorchidism are lacking. The objective of this study was to provide data on prevalence and heritability of cryptorchidism in Icelandic horses born in Sweden. A questionnaire was sent to breeders, asking whether or not stallions born at the farm had both testes present in the scrotum at the age of 1,6 and 12 months. Fixed effects were analysed using logistic regression and genetic parameters were estimated using linear animal models. Information about 595 yearling stallions born 1997-2011 was used in the analyses. Close to 9% of the yearlings did not have both testes in the scrotum. Probability of cryptorchidism in yearlings was significantly influenced by farm and time period of birth. Heritability estimates for cryptorchidism ranged from 0.12 to 0.32 (SE 0.08-0.12) on the observable scale, and from 0.35 to 0.96 (SE 0.24-0.40) when transformed to the underlying continuous scale. The results support that equine cryptorchidism is heritable. Further studies with more individuals included would be needed to confirm this. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 50. |
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