| 1. |
- Erovic Ademovski, Seida, et al.
(author)
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The long-term effect of a zinc acetate and chlorhexidine diacetate containing mouth rinse on intra-oral halitosis-A randomized clinical trial.
- 2017
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In: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 44:10, s. 1010-1019
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To evaluate the long-term effects of a zinc acetate and chlorhexidine diacetate mouth rinse (Zn/CHX) on intra-oral halitosis.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-six adults with intra-oral halitosis were randomized into a 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. The presence of intra-oral halitosis was evaluated at baseline, 3 and 6 months after treatment by assessment of organoleptic score (OLS) and by total volatile sulphur compounds (T-VSC), hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) and methyl mercaptan (MM) concentrations in exhaled air.RESULTS: A Zn/CHX mouth rinse provided significantly better control of intra-oral halitosis than a placebo mouth rinse. At 3 and 6 months, individuals rinsing with the Zn/CHX rinse presented with reductions of the OLS, T-VSC (p < .01, respectively), H2 S (p < .001), and MM (p < .01) in subjects' exhaled air. At 6 months, 68.2% of individuals using the Zn/CHX rinse experienced a 1 or 2 category improvement in OLS compared with 19.1% of placebo-treated subjects. 91% of subjects in the Zn/CHX group were categorized as being effectively treated for intra-oral halitosis (i.e. H2 S < 112 ppb), compared to 43% in the placebo group.CONCLUSION: Zn/CHX mouth rinse provides effective long-term efficacy against intra-oral halitosis, assessed both objectively and subjectively. With regular rinsing, the effect was sustained for 6 months.
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| 2. |
- Erovic Ademovski, Seida
(author)
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Treatment of intra-oral halitosis
- 2017
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Intra -oral halitosis (bad breath) is reported to affect 15 -83 % of the adult population. Having intra- oral halitosis is a social and psycho- logical handicap, and may cause people in the person’s social circle to increase the physical distance or to turn their faces in another di- rection to avoid the unpleasant smell from the exhaled air. Such be- haviours may affect the individual’s self -confidence resulting in ins e- curity in social and inti mate relations. The oral health -related quality of life status has also been reported to be lower in individuals with halitosis. Approximately 90% of what is considered as bad breath is the result of the degradation of organic substrates (proteins) by an- aerobic bacteria of the oral cavity. Intra -oral halitosis can be as- sessed using both subjective and objective methods to evaluate the subject’s exhaled air. The most common one and the one often r e- ferred to as the ” gold standard”, is the organoleptic scoring system (OLS). OLS is a subjective method evaluating the strength of halit o- sis in exhaled air using a scale from 0- 5. One objective method to assess the presence of volatile sulphur compounds in exhaled air is to use a sulphide monitor measuring the total sum of the volatile sul- phur compounds (T -VSC) in exhaled air. The three gases (hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S), methyl mercaptan (MM) and dimethyl sulphide (DMS)) in exhaled air related to intra- oral halitosis can be assessed separately using a simplified gas chromatograph. Different treatment models such as periodontal treatment, tongue scraping and rinsing with Zn ion containing products have been used to reduce intra -oral halitosis. The present thesis has evaluated the efficacy of different treatment models in t he treatment of intra -oral halitosis.
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| 3. |
- Widén, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Hälsoklinik på Tandhygienistprogrammet
- 2017
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In: Högskolepedagogisk debatt. - Kristianstad : Kristianstad University Press. - 2000-9216. ; :2, s. 29-34
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 4. |
- Widén, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Hälsoklinik på Tandhygienistprogrammet
- 2017
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In: Högskolepedagogisk debatt. - : Kristianstad University Press. - 2000-9216. ; :2, s. 29-34
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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