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2.
  • Jin, Ying-Hui, et al. (author)
  • Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
  • 2020
  • In: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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3.
  • Luo, Yifei, et al. (author)
  • Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
  • 2023
  • In: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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4.
  • Beal, Jacob, et al. (author)
  • Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
  • 2020
  • In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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5.
  • Fan, Qunping, 1989, et al. (author)
  • Weak Makes It Powerful: The Role of Cognate Small Molecules as an Alloy Donor in 2D/1A Ternary Fullerene Solar Cells for Finely Tuned Hierarchical Morphology in Thick Active Layers
  • 2020
  • In: Small Methods. - : Wiley. - 2366-9608. ; 4:3
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Herein, a novel small molecule donor is first developed, FSM6, which is a cognate molecule to BTR possessing similar molecular structure with comparable optical absorption but different crystallinity. The efficient fullerene-type ternary small molecular solar cells (SMSCs) based on an alloy donor of BTR and FSM6 in a thick film of 250 nm reveal the improved hierarchical phase separation morphology and molecular structural order of ternary active layers with improved crystallinity of the key donor component BTR. Furthermore, FSM6 as the key third component also plays a role of charge transfer accelerator in ternary SMSCs. As a result, the optimal ternary SMSCs based on BTR:FSM6:PC71BM achieve a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 10.21% with the synergistically improved open-circuit voltage of 0.950 V, short-circuit current density of 13.85 mA cm(-2), and fill factor of 77.6%, in comparison with either the binary SMSCs of BTR:PC71BM (PCE = 9.37%) or FSM6:PC71BM (PCE = 8.00%). This work provides a promising methodology to optimize device morphology for high-performance ternary SMSCs by combining two cognate small molecules with similar absorption spectra but different crystallinity as an alloy donor.
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6.
  • Liu, Tao, et al. (author)
  • 16% efficiency all-polymer organic solar cells enabled by a finely tuned morphology via the design of ternary blend
  • 2021
  • In: Joule. - : CELL PRESS. - 2542-4351. ; 5:4, s. 914-930
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A SUMMARY There is an urgent demand for all-polymer organic solar cells (AP-OSCs) to gain higher efficiency. Here, we successfully improve the performance to 16.09% by introducing a small amount of BN-T, a B <- N-type polymer acceptor, into the PM6:PY-IT blend. It has been found that BN-T makes the active layer, based on the PM6:PY-IT:BN-T ternary blend, more crystalline but meanwhile slightly reduces the phase separation, leading to enhancement of both exciton harvesting and charge transport. From a thermodynamic viewpoint, BN-T prefers to reside between PM6 and PY-IT, and the fraction of this fine-tunes the morphology. Besides, a significantly reduced nonradiative energy loss occurs in the ternary blend, along with the coexistence of energy and charge transfer between the two acceptors. The progressive performance facilitated by these improved properties demonstrates that AP-OSCs can possibly comparably efficient with those based on small molecule acceptors, further enhancing the competitiveness of this device type.
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7.
  • Liu, Wei, et al. (author)
  • Coherent dynamics of multi-spin V-B(-) center in hexagonal boron nitride
  • 2022
  • In: Nature Communications. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has recently been demonstrated to contain optically polarized and detected electron spins that can be utilized for implementing qubits and quantum sensors in nanolayered-devices. Understanding the coherent dynamics ofmicrowave driven spins in hBN is of crucial importance for advancing these emerging new technologies. Here, we demonstrate and study the Rabi oscillation and related phenomena of a negatively charged boron vacancy (V-B(-)) spin ensemble in hBN. We report on different dynamics of the V-B(-) spins at weak and strong magnetic fields. In the former case the defect behaves like a single electron spin system, while in the latter case it behaves like a multi-spin system exhibiting multiple-frequency dynamical oscillation as beat in the Ramsey fringes. We also carry out theoretical simulations for the spin dynamics of V-B(-) and reveal that the nuclear spins can be driven via the strong electron nuclear coupling existing in V-B(-) center, which can be modulated by the magnetic field and microwave field.
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8.
  • Shi, Tingting, et al. (author)
  • The super-pangenome of Populus unveils genomic facets for its adaptation and diversification in widespread forest trees
  • 2024
  • In: Molecular Plant. - : Elsevier. - 1674-2052 .- 1752-9867. ; 17:5, s. 725-746
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Understanding the underlying mechanisms and links between genome evolution and adaptive innovations stands as a key goal in evolutionary studies. Poplars, among the world's most widely distributed and cultivated trees, exhibit extensive phenotypic diversity and environmental adaptability. In this study, we present a genus-level super-pangenome comprising 19 Populus genomes, revealing the likely pivotal role of private genes in facilitating local environmental and climate adaptation. Through the integration of pangenomes with transcriptomes, methylomes, and chromatin accessibility mapping, we unveil that the evolutionary trajectories of pangenes and duplicated genes are closely linked to local genomic landscapes of regulatory and epigenetic architectures, notably CG methylation in gene-body regions. Further comparative genomic analyses have enabled the identification of 142 202 structural variants across species that intersect with a significant number of genes and contribute substantially to both phenotypic and adaptive divergence. We have experimentally validated a ∼180-bp presence/absence variant affecting the expression of the CUC2 gene, crucial for leaf serration formation. Finally, we developed a user-friendly web-based tool encompassing the multi-omics resources associated with the Populus super-pangenome (http://www.populus-superpangenome.com). Together, the present pioneering super-pangenome resource in forest trees not only aids in the advancement of breeding efforts of this globally important tree genus but also offers valuable insights into potential avenues for comprehending tree biology.
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9.
  • Zhou, Wei, et al. (author)
  • Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative : Powering genetic discovery across human disease
  • 2022
  • In: Cell Genomics. - : Elsevier. - 2666-979X. ; 2:10
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Biobanks facilitate genome-wide association studies (GWASs), which have mapped genomic loci across a range of human diseases and traits. However, most biobanks are primarily composed of individuals of European ancestry. We introduce the Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative (GBMI)-a collaborative network of 23 biobanks from 4 continents representing more than 2.2 million consented individuals with genetic data linked to electronic health records. GBMI meta-analyzes summary statistics from GWASs generated using harmonized genotypes and phenotypes from member biobanks for 14 exemplar diseases and endpoints. This strategy validates that GWASs conducted in diverse biobanks can be integrated despite heterogeneity in case definitions, recruitment strategies, and baseline characteristics. This collaborative effort improves GWAS power for diseases, benefits understudied diseases, and improves risk prediction while also enabling the nomination of disease genes and drug candidates by incorporating gene and protein expression data and providing insight into the underlying biology of human diseases and traits.
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10.
  • An, Haipeng, et al. (author)
  • A unique gravitational wave signal from phase transition during inflation*
  • 2022
  • In: Chinese Physics C. - : IOP Publishing. - 1674-1137 .- 2058-6132. ; 46:10
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We study the properties of gravitational wave (GW) signals produced by first-order phase transitions during the inflation era. We show that the power spectrum of a GW oscillates with its wave number. This signal can be observed directly by future terrestrial and spatial GW detectors and through the B-mode spectrum in the CMB. This oscillatory feature of the GW is generic for any approximately instantaneous sources occurring during inflation and is distinct from the GW from phase transitions after inflation. The details of the GW spectrum contain information about the scale of the phase transition and the later evolution of the universe.
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12.
  • An, Rong, et al. (author)
  • Ti–Si–Zr–Zn Nanometallic Glass Substrate with a Tunable Zinc Composition for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of Cytochrome c
  • 2023
  • In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 15:21, s. 25275-25284
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • As a remarkably powerful analytical technique, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) continues to find applications from molecular biology and chemistry to environmental and food sciences. In search of reliable and affordable SERS substrates, the development has moved from noble metals to other diverse types of structures, e.g., nano-engineered semiconductor materials, but the cost of the enhancement factors (EF) substantially decreasing. In this work, we employ biocompatible thin films of Ti–Si–Zr–Zn nanometallic glasses as the SERS substrates, while tuning the Zn composition. Aided by quartz crystal microbalance, we find that the composition of 4.3% Zn (Ti–Si–Zr–Zn4.3) gives an ultrasensitive detection of Cytochrome c (Cyt c) with an EF of 1.38 × 104, 10-fold higher than the previously reported EF in the semiconducting metal oxide nanomaterials, such as TiO2, and even comparable to the reported noble-metal-assisted semiconducting tungsten oxide hydrate. Ti–Si–Zr–Zn4.3 exhibits a stronger adhesion force toward Cyt c, which ensures the strong binding of Cyt c to the surface, facilitating the Cyt c adsorption onto the surface and thus enhancing the SERS signal. The high separation efficiency of photoinduced electrons and holes in Ti–Si–Zr–Zn4.3 is also acknowledged for promoting the SERS activity. 
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13.
  • Bao, Chunxiong, et al. (author)
  • A multifunctional display based on photo-responsive perovskite light-emitting diodes
  • 2024
  • In: NATURE ELECTRONICS. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2520-1131.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Current display screens are typically only used for information display, but can have a range of different sensors integrated into them for functions such as touch control, ambient light sensing and fingerprint sensing. Photo-responsive light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which can display information and respond to light excitation, could be used to develop future ultra-thin and large screen-to-body ratio screens. However, photo-response is difficult to achieve with conventional display technologies. Here, we report a multifunctional display that uses photo-responsive metal halide perovskite LEDs as pixels. The perovskite LED display can be simultaneously used as a touch screen, ambient light sensor and image sensor (including for fingerprint drawing) without integrating any additional sensors. The light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of the pixels also allow the display to act as a photovoltaic device that can charge the equipment. Photo-responsive metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes can be used to create a multifunctional display that can function as a touch screen, ambient light sensor and image sensor.
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14.
  • Chang, Haigang, et al. (author)
  • Continuous High Frequency Deep Brain Stimulation of the Rat Anterior Insula Attenuates the Relapse Post Withdrawal and Strengthens the Extinction of Morphine Seeking
  • 2020
  • In: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 11
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) modulates the neuronal activity in specific brain circuits and has been recently considered as a promising intervention for refractory addiction. The insula cortex is the hub of interoception and is known to be involved in different aspects of substance use disorder. In the present study, we investigate the effects of continuous high frequency DBS in the anterior insula (AI) on drug-seeking behaviors and examined the molecular mechanisms of DBS action in morphine-addicted rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to the morphine-conditioned place preference (CPP, day 1-8) followed by bilaterally implanted with DBS electrodes in the AI (Day 10) and recovery (Day 10-15). Continuous high-frequency (HF) -DBS (130 Hz, 150 mu A, 90 mu s) was applied during withdrawal (Day 16-30) or extinction sessions. CPP tests were conducted on days 16, 30, 40 during withdrawal session and several rats were used for proteomic analysis on day 30. Following the complete extinction, morphine-CPP was reinstated by a priming dose of morphine infusion (2 mg/kg). The open field and novel objective recognition tests were also performed to evaluate the DBS side effect on the locomotion and recognition memory. Continuous HF-DBS in the AI attenuated the expression of morphine-CPP post-withdrawal (Day 30), but morphine addictive behavior relapsed 10 days after the cessation of DBS (Day 40). Continuous HF-DBS reduced the period to full extinction of morphine-CPP and blocked morphine priming-induced recurrence of morphine addiction. HF-DBS in the AI had no obvious effect on the locomotor activity and novel objective recognition and did not cause anxiety-like behavior. In addition, our proteomic analysis identified eight morphine-regulated proteins in the AI and their expression levels were reversely changed by HF-DBS. Continuous HF-DBS in the bilateral anterior insula prevents the relapse of morphine place preference after withdrawal, facilitates its extinction, blocks the reinstatement induced by morphine priming and reverses the expression of morphine-regulated proteins. Our findings suggest that manipulation of insular activity by DBS could be a potential intervention to treat substance use disorder, although future research is warranted.
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15.
  • Cheng, Anying, et al. (author)
  • Diagnostic performance of initial blood urea nitrogen combined with D-dimer levels for predicting in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients
  • 2020
  • In: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. - : ELSEVIER. - 0924-8579 .- 1872-7913. ; 56:3
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The crude mortality rate in critical pneumonia cases with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reaches 49%. This study aimed to test whether levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in combination with D-dimer were predictors of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. The clinical characteristics of 305 COVID19 patients were analysed and were compared between the survivor and non-survivor groups. Of the 305 patients, 85 (27.9%) died and 220 (72.1%) were discharged from hospital. Compared with discharged cases, non-survivor cases were older and their BUN and D-dimer levels were significantly higher ( P < 0.0 0 01). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariable Cox regression analyses identified BUN and D-dimer levels as independent risk factors for poor prognosis. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that elevated levels of BUN and D-dimer were associated with increased mortality (logrank, P 0.0 0 01). The area under the curve for BUN combined with D-dimer was 0.94 (95% CI 0.90-0.97), with a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 91%. Based on BUN and D-dimer levels on admission, a nomogram model was developed that showed good discrimination, with a concordance index of 0.94. Together, initial BUN and D-dimer levels were associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients. The combination of BUN 4.6 mmol/L and D-dimer > 0.845 mu g/mL appears to identify patients at high risk of in-hospital mortality, therefore it may prove to be a powerful risk assessment tool for severe COVID-19 patients. (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. and International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.
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16.
  • Cheng, Shi-Ping, et al. (author)
  • Haplotype-resolved genome assembly and allele-specific gene expression in cultivated ginger
  • 2021
  • In: Horticulture Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-7276. ; 8:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most valued spice plants worldwide; it is prized for its culinary and folk medicinal applications and is therefore of high economic and cultural importance. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved, chromosome-scale assembly for diploid ginger anchored to 11 pseudochromosome pairs with a total length of 3.1 Gb. Remarkable structural variation was identified between haplotypes, and two inversions larger than 15 Mb on chromosome 4 may be associated with ginger infertility. We performed a comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of allelic expression patterns, revealing that most alleles are coordinately expressed. The alleles that exhibited the largest differences in expression showed closer proximity to transposable elements, greater coding sequence divergence, more relaxed selection pressure, and more transcription factor binding site differences. We also predicted the transcription factors potentially regulating 6-gingerol biosynthesis. Our allele-aware assembly provides a powerful platform for future functional genomics, molecular breeding, and genome editing in ginger.
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17.
  • Cui, Yong, et al. (author)
  • Accurate photovoltaic measurement of organic cells for indoor applications
  • 2021
  • In: Joule. - : CELL PRESS. - 2542-4351. ; 5:5, s. 1016-1023
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Photovoltaic (PV) cells offer a convenient energy source to drive micropower electronic devices for indoor applications. However, it is challenging to measure the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PV cells under indoor lighting and the PV community lacks a feasible and accurate measurement protocol. Here, we start with the fundamental parameters which determine the PCE, and carefully design a series of experiments to examine the origins which might cause measurement errors for organic PV measurements under indoor lighting. We demonstrate the critical importance of: 1, temporal stability and spatial homogeneity of the light sources, 2, calibration of the spectral irradiance and illuminations of the light sources, 3, the area of the cells (1 cm2 or large cells are preferred), 4, the aperture of the mask (an aperture slightly smaller than the cell area is preferred), and 5, stray lights from the measurement environment. Based on these careful investigations, we suggest a feasible measurement method, by which accurate measurement of the indoor PV efficiency is made possible. Our study will promote the healthy development of indoor PV technology for practical applications.
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18.
  • Cui, Yong, et al. (author)
  • Single-Junction Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Approaching 18% Efficiency
  • 2020
  • In: Advanced Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 32:19
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Optimizing the molecular structures of organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials is one of the most effective methods to boost power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). For an excellent molecular system with a certain conjugated skeleton, fine tuning the alky chains is of considerable significance to fully explore its photovoltaic potential. In this work, the optimization of alkyl chains is performed on a chlorinated nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) named BTP-4Cl-BO (a Y6 derivative) and very impressive photovoltaic parameters in OPV cells are obtained. To get more ordered intermolecular packing, the n-undecyl is shortened at the edge of BTP-eC11 to n-nonyl and n-heptyl. As a result, the NFAs of BTP-eC9 and BTP-eC7 are synthesized. The BTP-eC7 shows relatively poor solubility and thus limits its application in device fabrication. Fortunately, the BTP-eC9 possesses good solubility and, at the same time, enhanced electron transport property than BTP-eC11. Significantly, due to the simultaneously enhanced short-circuit current density and fill factor, the BTP-eC9-based single-junction OPV cells record a maximum PCE of 17.8% and get a certified value of 17.3%. These results demonstrate that minimizing the alkyl chains to get suitable solubility and enhanced intermolecular packing has a great potential in further improving its photovoltaic performance.
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19.
  • Ding, Jiangwei, et al. (author)
  • All Roads Lead to Rome? : Genes Causing Dravet Syndrome and Dravet Syndrome-Like Phenotypes
  • 2022
  • In: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-2295. ; 13
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe epileptic encephalopathy mainly caused by haploinsufficiency of the gene SCN1A, which encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1. 1 in the brain. While SCN1A mutations are known to be the primary cause of DS, other genes that may cause DS are poorly understood. Several genes with pathogenic mutations result in DS or DS-like phenotypes, which may require different drug treatment approaches. Therefore, it is urgent for clinicians, especially epilepsy specialists to fully understand these genes involved in DS in addition to SCN1A. Particularly for healthcare providers, a deep understanding of these pathogenic genes is useful in properly selecting and adjusting drugs in a more effective and timely manner.Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify genes other than SCN1A that may also cause DS or DS-like phenotypes. Methods: A comprehensive search of relevant Dravet syndrome and severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy was performed in PubMed, until December 1, 2021. Two independent authors performed the screening for potentially eligible studies. Disagreements were decided by a third, more professional researcher or by all three. The results reported by each study were narratively summarized.Results: A PubMed search yielded 5,064 items, and other sources search 12 records. A total of 29 studies published between 2009 and 2021 met the inclusion criteria. Regarding the included articles, seven studies on PCDH19, three on SCN2A, two on SCN8A, five on SCN1B, two on GABRA1, three on GABRB3, three on GABRG2, and three on STXBP1 were included. Only one study was recorded for CHD2, CPLX1, HCN1 and KCNA2, respectively. It is worth noting that a few articles reported on more than one epilepsy gene.Conclusion: DS is not only identified in variants of SCN1A, but other genes such as PCDH19, SCN2A, SCN8A, SCN1B, GABRA1, GABRB3, GABRG2, KCNA2, CHD2, CPLX1, HCN1A, STXBP1 can also be involved in DS or DS-like phenotypes. As genetic testing becomes more widely available, more genes associated with DS and DS-like phenotypes may be identified and gene-based diagnosis of subtypes of phenotypes in this spectrum may improve the management of these diseases in the future.
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20.
  • Fan, Qunping, et al. (author)
  • 10.13% Efficiency All-Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Improving the Optical Absorption of Polymer Acceptors
  • 2020
  • In: Solar RRL. - : Wiley. - 2367-198X. ; 4:6
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The limited light absorption capacity for most polymer acceptors hinders the improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Herein, by simultaneously increasing the conjugation of the acceptor unit and enhancing the electron-donating ability of the donor unit, a novel narrow-bandgap polymer acceptor PF3-DTCO based on an A–D–A-structured acceptor unit ITIC16 and a carbon–oxygen (C–O)-bridged donor unit DTCO is developed. The extended conjugation of the acceptor units from IDIC16 to ITIC16 results in a red-shifted absorption spectrum and improved absorption coefficient without significant reduction of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level. Moreover, in addition to further broadening the absorption spectrum by the enhanced intramolecular charge transfer effect, the introduction of C–O bridges into the donor unit improves the absorption coefficient and electron mobility, as well as optimizes the morphology and molecular order of active layers. As a result, the PF3-DTCO achieves a higher PCE of 10.13% with a higher short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.75 mA cm−2 in all-PSCs compared with its original polymer acceptor PF2-DTC (PCE = 8.95% and Jsc = 13.82 mA cm−2). Herein, a promising method is provided to construct high-performance polymer acceptors with excellent optical absorption for efficient all-PSCs.
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21.
  • Fan, Qunping, 1989, et al. (author)
  • High-performance all-polymer solar cells enabled by a novel low bandgap non-fully conjugated polymer acceptor
  • 2021
  • In: Science in China Series B. - : Springer Nature. - 1674-7291 .- 1869-1870. ; 64, s. 1380-1388
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Anon-fully conjugated polymer as a new class of acceptor materials has shown some advantages over its small molecular counterpart when used in photoactive layers for all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs), despite a low power conversion efficiency (PCE) caused by its narrow absorption spectra. Herein, a novel non-fully conjugated polymer acceptor PFY-2TS with a low bandgap of similar to 1.40 eV was developed, via polymerizing a large pi-fused small molecule acceptor (SMA) building block (namely YBO) with a non-conjugated thioalkyl linkage. Compared with its precursor YBO, PFY-2TS retains a similar low bandgap but a higher LUMO level. Moreover, compared with the structural analog of YBO-based fully conjugated polymer acceptor PFY-DTC, PFY-2TS shows similar absorption spectrum and electron mobility, but significantly different molecular crystallinity and aggregation properties, which results in optimal blend morphology with a polymer donor PBDB-T and better device physical processes in all-PSCs. As a result, PFY-2TS-based all-PSCs achieved a PCE of 12.31% with a small energy loss of 0.56 eV enabled by the reduced non-radiative energy loss (0.24 eV), which is better than that of 11.08% for the PFY-DTC-based ones. Our work clearly demonstrated that non-fully conjugated polymers as a new class of acceptor materials are very promising for the development of high-performance all-PSCs.
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22.
  • Feng, RM, et al. (author)
  • Leukocyte and Platelet Related Inflammatory Indicators and Risk of Carotid and Femoral Plaques: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Southeast China
  • 2024
  • In: Angiology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1940-1574 .- 0003-3197. ; 75:1, s. 79-89
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The associations between several blood inflammatory indicators and risk of vascular plaques remain inconclusive. A total of 4596 native rural residents in Southeast China were enrolled from the Fuqing cohort study. Blood cell counts and their composite indexes including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and 2 novel indicators (systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and systemic immune inflammation response index (SIRI)) were considered as inflammatory indicators. Common carotid and femoral intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaques were assessed using B-mode ultrasound. Unconditional or multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate potential associations. The prevalence of multiple femoral plaques (defined as IMT ≥1.5 mm) was significantly higher among participants with the highest tertile of total leukocyte count (odds ratio, 1.78), neutrophil count (1.88), monocyte count (2.51), platelet count (1.68), NLR (1.93), PLR (1.57), SII (2.10), and SIRI (2.94). Higher levels of neutrophil count, platelet count, NLR, and SII were also found to have significant linear dose-response relationships with the prevalence of stenosis, especially in femoral arteries. In conclusion, several blood inflammatory biomarkers may contribute to, or are associated with, the presence of IMT ≥1.5 mm or stenosis especially in femoral arteries.
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23.
  • Guan, Hongxiang, et al. (author)
  • Lipid Biomarker Patterns Reflect Nutritional Strategies of Seep-Dwelling Bivalves From the South China Sea
  • 2022
  • In: Frontiers in Marine Science. - Lausanne : Frontiers Media. - 2296-7745. ; 9
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Invertebrates living at methane seeps such as mussels and clams gain nutrition through symbiosis with chemosynthetic, chiefly methanotrophic and thiotrophic bacteria. Lipid biomarkers, including their compound-specific carbon stable isotope compositions, extracted from the host tissues are predestined for deciphering the various sources of diets and the associations among varying environments, endosymbionts, and hosts. Here, we investigated lipid inventories of soft tissues of two bathymodiolin mussel species hosting aerobic methanotrophic bacteria (Gigantidas platifrons from Site F and Gigantidas haimaensis from Haima seeps), one bathymodiolin mussel with thiotrophic bacteria (Bathymodiolus aduloides from Haima seeps), and one vesicomyid clam (Archivesica marissinica from Haima seeps) from the South China Sea. The gills of mussels hosting methanotrophic symbionts were found to contain high amounts of lipids of aerobic methanotrophic bacteria, such as the 4,4-dimethyl lanosterol, and other 4-methyl sterols, and the type I methanotroph-specific monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) C16:1ω9 and C16:1ω8. Production of methyl-sterols is favored over fatty acids at low oxygen concentrations, as demonstrated in culture experiments with Methylococcus capsulatus. Since lesser fatty acids and abundant sterols are found in G. haimaensis compared to G. platifrons, G. haimaensis apparently lived at very low oxygen levels. Extremely high levels of MUFAs C16:1ω7 and C18:1ω7 were found in gill tissue of both B. aduloides and the vesicomyid clam A. marissinica. Given the absence of ω8 fatty acids, both B. aduloides and the vesicomyid clam contain thiotrophic bacteria only. The occurrence of 13C-enriched 24-methylenecholesterol in B. aduloides indicates that the animal complemented its diet by filter-feeding (ca. 3% of the total sterol inventory) on photosynthetically derived carbon, whereas the majority of sterols are pointing to a diet relying on endosymbionts. Different types of 4-methyl sterols were observed between the thiotroph-containing mussel and methanotroph-containing mussels, suggesting different biosynthetic steps are present from lanosterol to cholesterol between animal hosts and aerobic methanotrophs. Among the four bivalve species, specific lipid biomarker patterns diagnostic for either the symbionts or the hosts yielded similar δ13C values in each species, indicating that the host obtained its nutrition either directly from the symbionts or derived at least most of its carbon in this way. The information derived from lipid biomarkers of bivalves and their corresponding symbionts in modern environments is vital to interpret data from the rock record, where most other methods to study microbial community composition are not applicable.
  •  
24.
  • Guo, Yuwei, et al. (author)
  • Phenylalkylammonium passivation enables perovskite light emitting diodes with record high-radiance operational lifetime: the chain length matters
  • 2021
  • In: Nature Communications. - : Nature Research. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Perovskite light emitting diodes suffer from poor operational stability, exhibiting a rapid decay of external quantum efficiency within minutes to hours after turn-on. To address this issue, we explore surface treatment of perovskite films with phenylalkylammonium iodide molecules of varying alkyl chain lengths. Combining experimental characterization and theoretical modelling, we show that these molecules stabilize the perovskite through suppression of iodide ion migration. The stabilization effect is enhanced with increasing chain length due to the stronger binding of the molecules with the perovskite surface, as well as the increased steric hindrance to reconfiguration for accommodating ion migration. The passivation also reduces the surface defects, resulting in a high radiance and delayed roll-off of external quantum efficiency. Using the optimized passivation molecule, phenylpropylammonium iodide, we achieve devices with an efficiency of 17.5%, a radiance of 1282.8 W sr(-1) m(-2) and a record T-50 half-lifetime of 130h under 100mAcm(-2). Perovskite light emitting diodes suffer from operational stability, showing rapid decay of performance within minutes to hours after turn-on. Here, the authors investigate how the steric and Coulomb interaction of ammonium passivation molecules with varying alkyl chain length can improve device stability by suppressing iodide ion migration.
  •  
25.
  • Han, Zixuan, et al. (author)
  • The changes in ENSO-induced tropical Pacific precipitation variability in the past warm and cold climates from the EC-Earth simulations
  • 2020
  • In: Climate Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-7575 .- 1432-0894. ; 55, s. 503-519
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most significant climate variability signals. Studying the changes in ENSO-induced precipitation variability (ENSO precipitation) in the past climate offers a possibility to a better understanding of how they may change under future climate conditions. This study uses simulations performed with the European community Earth-System Model (EC-Earth) to investigate the relative contributions of dynamic effect (the circulation anomalies together with the climatological specific humidity) and thermodynamic effect (the specific humidity anomalies together with the climatological circulation) on the changes in ENSO precipitation in the past warm and cold climates, represented by the Pliocene and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), respectively. The results show that the changes in ENSO precipitation are intensified (weakened) over the tropical western Pacific but weakened (intensified) over the tropical central Pacific in Pliocene (LGM) compared with the pre-industrial (PI) simulation. Based on the decomposed moisture budget equation, these changes in ENSO precipitation patterns are highly related to the dynamic effect. The mechanism can be understood as follows: the zonal gradient of the mean sea surface temperature (SST) over the tropical Indo-Pacific is increased (reduced) during the Pliocene (LGM), leading to the strengthening (weakening) of Pacific Walker Circulation as well as a westward (eastward) shift. In the Pliocene, the westward shift of Walker Circulation results in an increased (decreased) ENSO-induced low-level vertical velocity variability in the tropical western Pacific (central Pacific), and, in turn, favoring convergent (divergent) moisture transport through a dynamic process, and then causing intensified (weakened) ENSO precipitation there. The opposite mechanism exists in LGM. These results suggest that changes in the zonal SST gradient over tropical Indo-Pacific under different climate conditions determine the changes in ENSO precipitation through a dynamic process.
  •  
26.
  • Jia, Kai-Hua, et al. (author)
  • Chromosome-scale assembly and evolution of the tetraploid Salvia splendens (Lamiaceae) genome
  • 2021
  • In: Horticulture Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2052-7276 .- 2662-6810. ; 8:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Polyploidization plays a key role in plant evolution, but the forces driving the fate of homoeologs in polyploid genomes, i.e., paralogs resulting from a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event, remain to be elucidated. Here, we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly of tetraploid scarlet sage (Salvia splendens), one of the most diverse ornamental plants. We found evidence for three WGD events following an older WGD event shared by most eudicots (the γ event). A comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of homoeologs from the most recent WGD unveiled expression asymmetries, which could be associated with genomic rearrangements, transposable element proximity discrepancies, coding sequence variation, selection pressure, and transcription factor binding site differences. The observed differences between homoeologs may reflect the first step toward sub- and/or neofunctionalization. This assembly provides a powerful tool for understanding WGD and gene and genome evolution and is useful in developing functional genomics and genetic engineering strategies for scarlet sage and other Lamiaceae species.
  •  
27.
  • Li, Guoshuai, et al. (author)
  • Site selection of desert solar farms based on heterogeneous sand flux
  • 2024
  • In: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. - 2397-3722. ; 7:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Site selection for building solar farms in deserts is crucial and must consider the dune threats associated with sand flux, such as sand burial and dust contamination. Understanding changes in sand flux can optimize the site selection of desert solar farms. Here we use the ERA5-Land hourly wind data with 0.1° × 0.1° resolution to calculate the yearly sand flux from 1950 to 2022. The mean of sand flux is used to score the suitability of global deserts for building solar farms. We find that the majority of global deserts have low flux potential (≤ 40 m3 m-1 y-1) and resultant flux potential (≤ 2.0 m3 m-1 y-1) for the period 1950–2022. The scoring result demonstrates that global deserts have obvious patchy distribution of site suitability for building solar farms. Our study contributes to optimizing the site selection of desert solar farms, which aligns with the United Nations sustainability development goals for achieving affordable and clean energy target by 2030.
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28.
  • Li, Jian, et al. (author)
  • Assembly and succession of the phyllosphere microbiome and nutrient-cycling genes during plant community development in a glacier foreland
  • 2024
  • In: Environment International. - 0160-4120. ; 187
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The phyllosphere, particularly the leaf surface of plants, harbors a diverse range of microbiomes that play a vital role in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. However, our understanding of microbial successions and their impact on functional genes during plant community development is limited. In this study, considering core and satellite microbial taxa, we characterized the phyllosphere microbiome and functional genes in various microhabitats (i.e., leaf litter, moss and plant leaves) across the succession of a plant community in a low-altitude glacier foreland. Our findings indicate that phyllosphere microbiomes and associated ecosystem stability increase during the succession of the plant community. The abundance of core taxa increased with plant community succession and was primarily governed by deterministic processes. In contrast, satellite taxa abundance decreased during plant community succession and was mainly governed by stochastic processes. The abundance of microbial functional genes (such as C, N, and P hydrolysis and fixation) in plant leaves generally increased during the plant community succession. However, in leaf litter and moss leaves, only a subset of functional genes (e.g., C fixation and degradation, and P mineralization) showed a tendency to increase with plant community succession. Ultimately, the community of both core and satellite taxa collaboratively influenced the characteristics of phyllosphere nutrient-cycling genes, leading to the diverse profiles and fluctuating abundance of various functional genes during plant community succession. These findings offer valuable insights into the phyllosphere microbiome and plant–microbe interactions during plant community development, advancing our understanding of the succession and functional significance of the phyllosphere microbial community.
  •  
29.
  • Li, Xinxiao, et al. (author)
  • Neocortex- and hippocampus-specific deletion of Gabrg2 causes temperature-dependent seizures in mice
  • 2021
  • In: Cell Death and Disease. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-4889. ; 12:6
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Mutations in the GABRG2 gene encoding the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor gamma 2 subunit are associated with genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, febrile seizures plus, febrile seizures, and other symptoms of epilepsy. However, the mechanisms underlying Gabrg2-mediated febrile seizures are poorly understood. Here, we used the Cre/loxP system to generate conditional knockout (CKO) mice with deficient Gabrg2 in the hippocampus and neocortex. Heterozygous CKO mice (Gabrg2fl/wtCre+) exhibited temperature-dependent myoclonic jerks, generalised tonic-clonic seizures, increased anxiety-like symptoms, and a predisposition to induce seizures. Cortical electroencephalography showed the hyperexcitability in response to temperature elevation in Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice, but not in wild-type mice. Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice exhibited spontaneous seizures and susceptibility to temperature-induced seizures. Loss of neurons were observed in cortical layers V–VI and hippocampus of Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice. Furthermore, the latency of temperature- or pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures were significantly decreased in Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice compared with wild-type mice. In summary, Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice with Gabrg2 deletion in the neocortex and hippocampus reproduce many features of febrile seizures and therefore provide a novel model to further understand this syndrome at the cellular and molecular level.
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30.
  • Lin, Kangming, et al. (author)
  • Evaluation of an Innovative Point-of-Care Rapid Diagnostic Test for the Identification of Imported Malaria Parasites in China
  • 2023
  • In: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. - : MDPI. - 2414-6366. ; 8:6
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: China was certified malaria-free by the World Health Organization on 30 June 2021. However, due to imported malaria, maintaining a malaria-free status in China is an ongoing challenge. There are critical gaps in the detection of imported malaria through the currently available tools, especially for non-falciparum malaria. In the study, a novel point-of-care Rapid Diagnostic Test designed for the detection of imported malaria infections was evaluated in the field. Methods: Suspected imported malaria cases reported from Guangxi and Anhui Provinces of China during 2018-2019 were enrolled to evaluate the novel RDTs. Diagnostic performance of the novel RDTs was evaluated based on its sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and Cohen's kappa coefficient, using polymerase chain reaction as the gold standard. The Additive and absolute Net Reclassification Index were calculated to compare the diagnostic performance between the novel RDTs and Wondfo RDTs (control group). Results: A total of 602 samples were tested using the novel RDTs. Compared to the results of PCR, the novel RDTs presented sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy rates of 78.37%, 95.05%, 94.70%, 79.59%, and 86.21%, respectively. Among the positive samples, the novel RDTs found 87.01%, 71.31%, 81.82%, and 61.54% of P. falciparum, P. ovale, P. vivax, and P. malariae, respectively. The ability to detect non-falciparum malaria did not differ significantly between the novel and Wondfo RDTs (control group). However, Wondfo RDTs can detect more P. falciparum cases than the novel RDTs (96.10% vs. 87.01%, p < 0.001). After the introduction of the novel RDTs, the value of the additive and absolute Net Reclassification Index is 1.83% and 1.33%, respectively. Conclusions: The novel RDTs demonstrated the ability to distinguish P. ovale and P. malariae from P. vivax which may help to improve the malaria post-elimination surveillance tools in China.
  •  
31.
  • Liu, Shenhai, et al. (author)
  • The Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analogue Liraglutide Reduces Seizures Susceptibility, Cognition Dysfunction and Neuronal Apoptosis in a Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome
  • 2020
  • In: Frontiers in Pharmacology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-9812. ; 11
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Dravet syndrome (DS) is a refractory epilepsy typically caused by heterozygous mutations of the Scn1a gene, which encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.1. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues, effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetes, have recently become attractive treatment modalities for patients with nervous system disease; however, the impact of GLP-1 analogues on DS remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the neuroprotective role of liraglutide in mouse and cell models of Scn1a KO-induced epilepsy. Epileptic susceptibility, behavioral changes, and behavioral seizures were assessed using electroencephalography (EEG), IntelliCage (TSE Systems, Bad Homburg, Germany), and the open field task. Morphological changes in brain tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Nissl staining. Expression of apoptosis-related proteins and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were determined using immunofluorescence and western blotting in Scn1a KO-induced epileptic mice in vitro. Scn1a KO model cell proliferation was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and the effect of liraglutide on cellular apoptosis levels was examined using Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry. Apoptotic signal proteins and mTOR were assessed using reverse transcription - quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Our results showed that liraglutide significantly increased mRNA ((0.31 ± 0.04) *10-3 vs. (1.07 ± 0.08) * 10-3, P = 0.0004) and protein (0.10 ± 0.02 vs. 0.27 ± 0.02, P = 0.0006) expression of Scn1a in Scn1a KO-induced epileptic mice. In addition, liraglutide significantly alleviated electroencephalographic seizures, the severity of responses to epileptic seizures (96.53 ± 0.45 % vs. 85.98 ± 1.24 %, P = 0.0003), cognitive dysfunction, and epileptic-related necrotic neurons (9.76 ± 0.91 % vs. 19.65 ± 2.64 %, P = 0.0005) in Scn1a KO-induced epileptic mice. Moreover, liraglutide protected against Scn1a KO-induced apoptosis, which was manifested in the phosphorylation of mTOR (KO+NS: 1.99 ± 0.31 vs. KO+Lira: 0.97 ± 0.18, P = 0.0004), as well as the downregulation of cleaved caspase-3 (KO+NS: 0.49 ± 0.04 vs. KO+Lira: 0.30 ± 0.01, P = 0.0003) and restoration of the imbalance between BAX (KO+NS: 0.90 ± 0.02 vs. KO+Lira: 0.75 ± 0.04, P = 0.0005) and BCL-2 (KO+NS: 0.46 ± 0.02 vs. KO+Lira: 0.61 ± 0.02, P = 0.0006). Collectively, these results show that liraglutide reduces seizure susceptibility and cognitive dysfunction in the mouse model of Dravet syndrome, and exerts anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects in Scn1a KO mice and cells.
  •  
32.
  • Liu, Yong-feng, et al. (author)
  • A turn-on ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe based on AgInZnS and nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots for Cd2+ detection in lake water
  • 2022
  • In: Journal of Materials Science. - : Springer Nature. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 57:36, s. 17336-17346
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Excessive Cd2+ poses adverse influences on ecosystem and human beings, but its precise detection via a facile and environment-friendly method with resistance to interference is still a challenge. Here, a turn-on ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe for Cd2+ detection is established using yellow-emission AgInZnS quantum dots (AIZS QDs) and blue-emission nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs), which serve as a recognition unit and internal reference signal, respectively. Cd2+ could enhance the fluorescence of AIZS QDs due to the passivation of surface defects, while it has no significant effect on that of NGQDs. This nanoprobe has a large detection range from 0.5 to 100 µM and a limit of detection low to 28.6 nM. It shows strong anti-interference ability for Cd2+ even in lake water samples with recovery from 98 to 101% and low relative standard deviation of 1.01%, indicating its excellent effectuation to real-application world.
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33.
  • Liu, Yong-feng, et al. (author)
  • Hydrophilic AgInZnS quantum dots as a fluorescent turn-on probe for Cd2+ detection
  • 2021
  • In: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Quantum dots (QDs) are intensively studied and developed for the detection of toxic heavy metal ions, notably Cd2+. However, a severe drawback is that the probing QDs themselves often are based on highly toxic elements, such as Pb or Cd. Here, we report on a one-step aqueous synthesis of more benign and hydrophilic AgInZnS QDs using 3-mercaptopropionic acid as a ligand with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 41%, which were successfully employed as a fluorescent probe with a turn-on mode for detection of Cd2+ in aqueous solutions. Specifically, we determine that the effective detection range of Cd2+ in aqueous solution is 0.1–290 μM, with the lower limit of detection being 37.8 nM. We further establish that the excellent turn-on detection of Cd2+ is due to that surface defects on the AgInZnS QDs are effectively passivated by the Cd2+, as verified by a prolonged fluorescent lifetime and an increased photoluminescence quantum yield. We finally demonstrate that the AgInZnS QD probe is capable of detecting Cd2+ in lake water samples, and that it meets the WHO standard.
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34.
  • Lo, Sheng-Han, et al. (author)
  • Rapid desolvation-triggered domino lattice rearrangement in a metal-organic framework
  • 2020
  • In: Nature Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1755-4330 .- 1755-4349. ; 12:1, s. 90-97
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Topological transitions between considerably different phases typically require harsh conditions to collectively break chemical bonds and overcome the stress caused to the original structure by altering its correlated bond environment. In this work we present a case system that can achieve rapid rearrangement of the whole lattice of a metal-organic framework through a domino alteration of the bond connectivity under mild conditions. The system transforms from a disordered metal-organic framework with low porosity to a highly porous and crystalline isomer within 40s following activation (solvent exchange and desolvation), resulting in a substantial increase in surface area from 725 to 2,749m(2)g(-1). Spectroscopic measurements show that this counter-intuitive lattice rearrangement involves a metastable intermediate that results from solvent removal on coordinatively unsaturated metal sites. This disordered-crystalline switch between two topological distinct metal-organic frameworks is shown to be reversible over four cycles through activation and reimmersion in polar solvents. A disordered metal-organic framework converts into a more porous, crystalline phase within 40s following solvent exchange and desolvation. The rapid domino rearrangement of the whole lattice, which involves carboxylate migration on coordinatively unsaturated metal sites, is accompanied by a substantial increase in surface area.
  •  
35.
  • Luo, Tao, et al. (author)
  • Interactions of Anti-Inflammatory and Antibiotic Drugs at Mineral Surfaces Can Control Environmental Fate and Transport
  • 2022
  • In: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 56:4, s. 2378-2385
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Various pharmaceutical compounds often coexist in contaminated soils, yet little is known about how their interactions impact their mobility. We here show that two typical antibiotic and anti-inflammatory agents (nalidixic acid (NA) and niflumic acid (NFA)) commonly form dimers at several representative soil-and sediment-building minerals of contrasting composition and structure. Cobinding occurs in the form of a NFA-NA dimer stabilized by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. Using dynamic column experiments containing goethite-coated sand, we then demonstrated that presorbed NA effectively captured the otherwise weakly binding NFA from solution. Simultaneously injecting NA and NFA to presorbed NA enhanced even further both NA and NFA loadings, thereby altering their transport under flow-Through conditions. We also showed that environmental level amounts of natural organic matter can reduce the overall retention in column experiments, yet it does not suppress dimer formation. These environmentally relevant scenarios can be predicted using a new transport model that accounts for kinetics and cobinding reactions of NFA onto NA bound to goethite through metal-bonded, hydrogen-bonded, and outer-sphere complexes. These findings have important implications on assessing the fate of coexisting pharmaceutical compounds under dynamic flow conditions in contaminated soils.
  •  
36.
  • Luo, Yiqi, et al. (author)
  • Matrix Approach to Land Carbon Cycle Modeling
  • 2022
  • In: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. - 1942-2466. ; 14:7
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Land ecosystems contribute to climate change mitigation by taking up approximately 30% of anthropogenically emitted carbon. However, estimates of the amount and distribution of carbon uptake across the world's ecosystems or biomes display great uncertainty. The latter hinders a full understanding of the mechanisms and drivers of land carbon uptake, and predictions of the future fate of the land carbon sink. The latter is needed as evidence to inform climate mitigation strategies such as afforestation schemes. To advance land carbon cycle modeling, we have developed a matrix approach. Land carbon cycle models use carbon balance equations to represent carbon exchanges among pools. Our approach organizes this set of equations into a single matrix equation without altering any processes of the original model. The matrix equation enables the development of a theoretical framework for understanding the general, transient behavior of the land carbon cycle. While carbon input and residence time are used to quantify carbon storage capacity at steady state, a third quantity, carbon storage potential, integrates fluxes with time to define dynamic disequilibrium of the carbon cycle under global change. The matrix approach can help address critical contemporary issues in modeling, including pinpointing sources of model uncertainty and accelerating spin-up of land carbon cycle models by tens of times. The accelerated spin-up liberates models from the computational burden that hinders comprehensive parameter sensitivity analysis and assimilation of observational data to improve model accuracy. Such computational efficiency offered by the matrix approach enables substantial improvement of model predictions using ever-increasing data availability. Overall, the matrix approach offers a step change forward for understanding and modeling the land carbon cycle.
  •  
37.
  • Luo, Zhenghui, et al. (author)
  • Fine-Tuning Energy Levels via Asymmetric End Groups Enables Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiencies over 17%
  • 2020
  • In: Joule. - : CELL PRESS. - 2542-4351. ; 4:6, s. 1236-1247
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Generally, it is important to fine-tune the energy levels of donor and acceptor materials in the field of polymer solar cell (PSCs) to achieve a minimal highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy offset, which yet is still sufficient for charge separation. Based on the high-performance small-molecule acceptor (SMA) of BTP-4F, we modified the end groups of BTP-4F from IC-2F to CPTCN-Cl. It was found that when both end groups were substituted by CPTCN-Cl, the energy level upshift was too large that caused unfavorable energetic alignment, thus poor device performance. By using the strategy of asymmetric end groups, we were able to achieve near optimal energy level match, resulting in higher open-circuit voltage (V-OC) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared with those given by the PM6:BTP-4F system. Our strategy can be useful and potentially applied to othermaterial systems for maximizing efficiency of non-fullerene PSCs.
  •  
38.
  • Luo, Zhenghui, et al. (author)
  • Heteroheptacene-based acceptors with thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole yield high-performance polymer solar cells
  • 2022
  • In: NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW. - : Oxford University Press. - 2095-5138 .- 2053-714X. ; 9:7
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Rationally utilizing and developing synthetic units is of particular significance for the design of high-performance non-fullerene small-molecule acceptors (SMAs). Here, a thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole synthetic unit was employed to develop a set of SMAs (ThPy1, ThPy2, ThPy3 and ThPy4) by changing the number or the position of the pyrrole ring in the central core based on a standard SMA of IT-4Cl, compared to which the four thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-based acceptors exhibit bathochromic absorption and upshifted frontier orbital energy level due to the strong electron-donating ability of pyrrole. As a result, the polymer solar cells (PSCs) of the four thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-based acceptors yield higher open-circuit voltage and lower energy loss relative to those of the IT-4Cl-based device. What is more, the ThPy3-based device achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) (15.3%) and an outstanding fill factor (FF) (0.771) that are superior to the IT-4Cl-based device (PCE = 12.6%, FF = 0.758). The ThPy4-based device realizes the lowest energy loss and the smallest optical band gap, and the ternary PSC device based on PM6:BTP-eC9:ThPy4 exhibits a PCE of 18.43% and a FF of 0.802. Overall, this work sheds light on the great potential of thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-based SMAs in realizing low energy loss and high PCE. Four heteroheptacene-based acceptors using thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole building block were developed for the first time, and all the four acceptors-based devices realized high performance and low energy loss.
  •  
39.
  • Ma, Ruijie, et al. (author)
  • All-polymer solar cells with over 16% efficiency and enhanced stability enabled by compatible solvent and polymer additives
  • 2022
  • In: Aggregate. - : Wiley. - 2692-4560 .- 2766-8541. ; 3:3
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Considering the robust and stable nature of the active layers, advancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) has long been the priority for all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Despite the recent surge of PCE, the photovoltaic parameters of the state-of-the-art all-PSC still lag those of the polymer:small molecule-based devices. To compete with the counterparts, judicious modulation of the morphology and thus the device electrical properties are needed. It is difficult to improve all the parameters concurrently for the all-PSCs with advanced efficiency, and one increase is typically accompanied by the drop of the other(s). In this work, with the aids of the solvent additive (1-chloronaphthalene) and the n-type polymer additive (N2200), we can fine-tune the morphology of the active layer and demonstrate a 16.04% efficient all-PSC based on the PM6:PY-IT active layer. The grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements show that the shape of the crystallites can be altered, and the reshaped crystallites lead to enhanced and more balanced charge transport, reduced recombination, and suppressed energy loss, which lead to concurrently improved and device efficiency and stability.
  •  
40.
  • Nie, Shuai, et al. (author)
  • Gapless genome assembly of azalea and multi-omics investigation into divergence between two species with distinct flower color
  • 2023
  • In: Horticulture Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 2662-6810 .- 2052-7276. ; 10:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The genus Rhododendron (Ericaceae), with more than 1000 species highly diverse in flower color, is providing distinct ornamental values and a model system for flower color studies. Here, we investigated the divergence between two parental species with different flower color widely used for azalea breeding. Gapless genome assembly was generated for the yellow-flowered azalea, Rhododendron molle. Comparative genomics found recent proliferation of long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs), especially Gypsy, has resulted in a 125 Mb (19%) genome size increase in species-specific regions, and a significant amount of dispersed gene duplicates (13 402) and pseudogenes (17 437). Metabolomic assessment revealed that yellow flower coloration is attributed to the dynamic changes of carotenoids/flavonols biosynthesis and chlorophyll degradation. Time-ordered gene co-expression networks (TO-GCNs) and the comparison confirmed the metabolome and uncovered the specific gene regulatory changes underpinning the distinct flower pigmentation. B3 and ERF TFs were found dominating the gene regulation of carotenoids/flavonols characterized pigmentation in R. molle, while WRKY, ERF, WD40, C2H2, and NAC TFs collectively regulated the anthocyanins characterized pigmentation in the red-flowered R simsii. This study employed a multi-omics strategy in disentangling the complex divergence between two important azaleas and provided references for further functional genetics and molecular breeding.
  •  
41.
  • Sadowski, Grzegorz, et al. (author)
  • Epitaxial growth and thermoelectric properties of Mg3Bi2 thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering
  • 2022
  • In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 120:5
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Mg3Sb2-based thermoelectric materials attract attention for applications near room temperature. Here, Mg-Bi films were synthesized using magnetron sputtering at deposition temperatures from room temperature to 400 & DEG;C. Single-phase Mg3Bi2 thin films were grown on c-plane-oriented sapphire and Si(100) substrates at a low deposition temperature of 200 & DEG;C. The Mg3Bi2 films grew epitaxially on c-sapphire and fiber-textured on Si(100). The orientation relationships for the Mg3Bi2 film with respect to the c-sapphire substrate are (0001) Mg3Bi2||(0001) Al2O3 and [11 2 over bar 0] Mg3Bi2||[11 2 over bar 0] Al2O3. The observed epitaxy is consistent with the relatively high work of separation, calculated by the density functional theory, of 6.92 J m(-2) for the Mg3Bi2 (0001)/Al2O3 (0001) interface. Mg3Bi2 films exhibited an in-plane electrical resistivity of 34 mu omega m and a Seebeck coefficient of +82.5 mu V K-1, yielding a thermoelectric power factor of 200 mu W m(-1) K-2 near room temperature.
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42.
  • Schutzer, Steven E., et al. (author)
  • Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and fibromyalgia are indistinguishable by their cerebrospinal fluid proteomes
  • 2022
  • In: bioRxiv Neurology. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHL).
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and fibromyalgia have overlapping neurologic symptoms particularly disabling fatigue. This has given rise to the question whether they are distinct central nervous system (CNS) entities or is one an extension of the other. To investigate this, we used unbiased quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to examine the most proximal fluid to the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This was to ascertain if the proteome profile of one was the same or different from the other. We examined two separate groups of ME/CFS, one with (n=15) and one without (n=15) fibromyalgia. We quantified a total of 2,083 proteins using immunoaffinity depletion, tandem mass tag isobaric labeling and offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, including 1,789 that were quantified in all the CSF samples. ANOVA analysis did not yield any proteins with an adjusted p-value < 0.05. This supports the notion that ME/CFS and fibromyalgia as currently defined are not distinct entities.
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43.
  • Schutzer, Steven E., et al. (author)
  • Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia are indistinguishable by their cerebrospinal fluid proteomes
  • 2023
  • In: Annals of Medicine. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0785-3890 .- 1365-2060. ; 55:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and fibromyalgia have overlapping neurologic symptoms particularly disabling fatigue. This has given rise to the question whether they are distinct central nervous system (CNS) entities or is one an extension of the other.Material and methods: To investigate this, we used unbiased quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to examine the most proximal fluid to the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This was to ascertain if the proteome profile of one was the same or different from the other. We examined two separate groups of ME/CFS, one with (n = 15) and one without (n = 15) fibromyalgia.Results: We quantified a total of 2083 proteins using immunoaffinity depletion, tandem mass tag isobaric labelling and offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, including 1789 that were quantified in all the CSF samples. ANOVA analysis did not yield any proteins with an adjusted p value <.05.Conclusion: This supports the notion that ME/CFS and fibromyalgia as currently defined are not distinct entities.
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44.
  • Shao, Xue-Feng, et al. (author)
  • Hydroxyl group functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets as additive for improved erythritol latent heat storage performance : A comprehensive evaluation on the benefits and challenges
  • 2020
  • In: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 215
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were employed as the additive to make composites of erythritol, a promising medium-temperature PCM candidate. GO nanosheets modified with hydroxyl groups were applied to improve the dispersion stability of the composites. A systematic characterization on the latent heat storage performance was performed for both pure and composite erythritol, in order to identify the benefits and challenges of the composites. It was found that the thermal conductivity is increased by nearly twice and the degree of supercooling was lowered from ~64 °C to ~48 °C at the loading of 1.0 wt% GO nanosheets (the maximum loading tested). The addition of GO nanosheets also leads to an increase of the retrievable latent heat during crystallization, from ~187 kJ/kg to ~225 kJ/kg at the same loading, by increasing the crystallinity. However, the introduction of GO nanosheets can also lead to a rise in the dynamic viscosity of erythritol. As a result, the crystallization rate is slowed down and accordingly, the duration of crystallization becomes 62% longer when the loading reaches 1.0 wt%. In addition, favorable dispersion stability of the erythritol composites is observed, and their melting point (~117 °C) remains almost unchanged during 50 melting-crystallization cycles. Functionalized GO nanosheets have been shown to be an efficient additive for improving the performance of erythritol, but a trade-off analysis on the loading would be required to achieve the best overall performance.
  •  
45.
  • Shi, Feng, et al. (author)
  • Interdecadal to Multidecadal Variability of East Asian Summer Monsoon Over the Past Half Millennium
  • 2022
  • In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. - 2169-897X .- 2169-8996. ; 127:20
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) plays a crucial role for ecosystems and societies in East Asia past, present, and future. However, substantial uncertainties remain regarding EASM variability on interdecadal to multidecadal timescales because of the short length of instrumental data in East Asia. This study extended the EASM circulation index in the modern meteorological studies to the paleoclimate over the past half-millennium (1470-1998 CE) to reconcile the understanding of the EASM variability in paleoclimate and modern meteorological studies. The EASM index is reconstructed based on the common signal from the three main types of the proxy records (the tree rings, speleothems, and historical documentary data) related to EASM. The reconstructed EASM index captures the simultaneous changes of the "Meiyu precipitation" and the southwesterly anomalies in South China on interdecadal to multidecadal timescales, which is a dynamic pattern visible and well-documented in the modern meteorology. Analysis of the reconstructed EASM index suggests that the interdecadal to multidecadal EASM variability is closely associated with the Pacific-Japan teleconnection pattern, which acts as a bridge between the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the anomalous anticyclonic circulation over the western North Pacific. It also indicates that the EASM variability over the recent 30 years (1992-2021 CE) falls within the range of natural variability over the past half-millennium.
  •  
46.
  • Shi, Feng, et al. (author)
  • Interdecadal to Multidecadal Variability of East Asian Summer Monsoon Over the Past Half Millennium
  • 2022
  • In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-897X .- 2169-8996. ; 127:20
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) plays a crucial role for ecosystems and societies in East Asia past, present, and future. However, substantial uncertainties remain regarding EASM variability on interdecadal to multidecadal timescales because of the short length of instrumental data in East Asia. This study extended the EASM circulation index in the modern meteorological studies to the paleoclimate over the past half-millennium (1470–1998 CE) to reconcile the understanding of the EASM variability in paleoclimate and modern meteorological studies. The EASM index is reconstructed based on the common signal from the three main types of the proxy records (the tree rings, speleothems, and historical documentary data) related to EASM. The reconstructed EASM index captures the simultaneous changes of the “Meiyu precipitation” and the southwesterly anomalies in South China on interdecadal to multidecadal timescales, which is a dynamic pattern visible and well-documented in the modern meteorology. Analysis of the reconstructed EASM index suggests that the interdecadal to multidecadal EASM variability is closely associated with the Pacific-Japan teleconnection pattern, which acts as a bridge between the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the anomalous anticyclonic circulation over the western North Pacific. It also indicates that the EASM variability over the recent 30 years (1992–2021 CE) falls within the range of natural variability over the past half-millennium.
  •  
47.
  • Shi, Tian-Le, et al. (author)
  • Differential gene expression and potential regulatory network of fatty acid biosynthesis during fruit and leaf development in yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium), an oil-producing tree with significant deployment values
  • 2023
  • In: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-462X. ; 14
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Xanthoceras sorbifolium (yellowhorn) is a woody oil plant with super stress resistance and excellent oil characteristics. The yellowhorn oil can be used as biofuel and edible oil with high nutritional and medicinal value. However, genetic studies on yellowhorn are just in the beginning, and fundamental biological questions regarding its very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) biosynthesis pathway remain largely unknown. In this study, we reconstructed the VLCFA biosynthesis pathway and annotated 137 genes encoding relevant enzymes. We identified four oleosin genes that package triacylglycerols (TAGs) and are specifically expressed in fruits, likely playing key roles in yellowhorn oil production. Especially, by examining time-ordered gene co-expression network (TO-GCN) constructed from fruit and leaf developments, we identified key enzymatic genes and potential regulatory transcription factors involved in VLCFA synthesis. In fruits, we further inferred a hierarchical regulatory network with MYB-related (XS03G0296800) and B3 (XS02G0057600) transcription factors as top-tier regulators, providing clues into factors controlling carbon flux into fatty acids. Our results offer new insights into key genes and transcriptional regulators governing fatty acid production in yellowhorn, laying the foundation for efforts to optimize oil content and fatty acid composition. Moreover, the gene expression patterns and putative regulatory relationships identified here will inform metabolic engineering and molecular breeding approaches tailored to meet biofuel and bioproduct demands.
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48.
  • Shi, Tian-Le, et al. (author)
  • High-quality genome assembly enables prediction of allele-specific gene expression in hybrid poplar
  • 2024
  • In: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 195:1, s. 652-670
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Poplar (Populus) is a well-established model system for tree genomics and molecular breeding, and hybrid poplar is widely used in forest plantations. However, distinguishing its diploid homologous chromosomes is difficult, complicating advanced functional studies on specific alleles. In this study, we applied a trio-binning design and PacBio high-fidelity long-read sequencing to obtain haplotype-phased telomere-to-telomere genome assemblies for the 2 parents of the well-studied F1 hybrid “84K” (Populus alba × Populus tremula var. glandulosa). Almost all chromosomes, including the telomeres and centromeres, were completely assembled for each haplotype subgenome apart from 2 small gaps on one chromosome. By incorporating information from these haplotype assemblies and extensive RNA-seq data, we analyzed gene expression patterns between the 2 subgenomes and alleles. Transcription bias at the subgenome level was not uncovered, but extensive-expression differences were detected between alleles. We developed machine-learning (ML) models to predict allele-specific expression (ASE) with high accuracy and identified underlying genome features most highly influencing ASE. One of our models with 15 predictor variables achieved 77% accuracy on the training set and 74% accuracy on the testing set. ML models identified gene body CHG methylation, sequence divergence, and transposon occupancy both upstream and downstream of alleles as important factors for ASE. Our haplotype-phased genome assemblies and ML strategy highlight an avenue for functional studies in Populus and provide additional tools for studying ASE and heterosis in hybrids.
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49.
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50.
  • Sun, Tao, et al. (author)
  • Empirical evidence that manganese enrichment accelerates decomposition
  • 2021
  • In: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. Applied Soil Ecology. - : Elsevier. - 0929-1393 .- 1873-0272. ; 168
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Our understanding of the controls regulating the rate of litter decomposition is important for improving confidence in the parameterization of carbon cycle–climate feedbacks. Traditional conceptual models rely primarily on climate and lignin/N ratios as the main regulators of decomposition. Here we studied the effects of manganese (Mn) addition on long-term decomposition across 18 substrates in a laboratory incubation. Mn addition remarkably promoted later stage of decomposition, resulting into a smaller fraction of slowly decomposing litter. This dynamic is closely associated with the changes of activities of manganese peroxidase, an important enzyme with greater capacity for lignin degradation. Our findings suggest the necessity of incorporating the interaction of Mn and decomposition into biogeochemical models.
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