| 1. |
- Karlina, Ruth, et al.
(author)
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Identification and characterization of distinct brown adipocyte subtypes in C57BL/6J mice
- 2021
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In: Life Science Alliance. - : Life Science Alliance, LLC. - 2575-1077. ; 4:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in the regulation of body weight and glucose homeostasis. Although increasing evidence supports white adipose tissue heterogeneity, little is known about heterogeneity within murine BAT. Recently, UCP1 high and low expressing brown adipocytes were identified, but a developmental origin of these subtypes has not been studied. To obtain more insights into brown preadipocyte heterogeneity, we use single-cell RNA sequencing of the BAT stromal vascular fraction of C57/BL6 mice and characterize brown preadipocyte and adipocyte clonal cell lines. Statistical analysis of gene expression profiles from brown preadipocyte and adipocyte clones identify markers distinguishing brown adipocyte subtypes. We confirm the presence of distinct brown adipocyte populations in vivo using the markers EIF5, TCF25, and BIN1. We also demonstrate that loss of Bin1 enhances UCP1 expression and mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that BIN1 marks dormant brown adipocytes. The existence of multiple brown adipocyte subtypes suggests distinct functional properties of BAT depending on its cellular composition, with potentially distinct functions in thermogenesis and the regulation of whole body energy homeostasis.
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| 2. |
- Abbasi, Rasha, et al.
(author)
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IceCube search for neutrinos from GRB 221009A
- 2023
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In: Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023). - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- GRB 221009A is the brightest Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) ever observed. The observed extremelyhigh flux of high and very-high-energy photons provide a unique opportunity to probe the predictedneutrino counterpart to the electromagnetic emission. We have used a variety of methods to searchfor neutrinos in coincidence with the GRB over several time windows during the precursor, promptand afterglow phases of the GRB. MeV scale neutrinos are studied using photo-multiplier ratescalers which are normally used to search for galactic core-collapse supernovae neutrinos. GeVneutrinos are searched starting with DeepCore triggers. These events don’t have directionallocalization, but instead can indicate an excess in the rate of events. 10 GeV - 1 TeV and >TeVneutrinos are searched using traditional neutrino point source methods which take into accountthe direction and time of events with DeepCore and the entire IceCube detector respectively. The>TeV results include both a fast-response analysis conducted by IceCube in real-time with timewindows of T0 − 1 to T0 + 2 hours and T0 ± 1 day around the time of GRB 221009A, as well asan offline analysis with 3 new time windows up to a time window of T0 − 1 to T0 + 14 days, thelongest time period we consider. The combination of observations by IceCube covers 9 ordersof magnitude in neutrino energy, from MeV to PeV, placing upper limits across the range forpredicted neutrino emission.
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| 3. |
- Abercrombie, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Dark Matter benchmark models for early LHC Run-2 Searches : Report of the ATLAS/CMS Dark Matter Forum
- 2020
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In: Physics of the Dark Universe. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-6864. ; 27
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This document is the final report of the ATLAS-CMS Dark Matter Forum, a forum organized by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations with the participation of experts on theories of Dark Matter, to select a minimal basis set of dark matter simplified models that should support the design of the early LHC Run-2 searches. A prioritized, compact set of benchmark models is proposed, accompanied by studies of the parameter space of these models and a repository of generator implementations. This report also addresses how to apply the Effective Field Theory formalism for collider searches and present the results of such interpretations.
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| 4. |
- Arrhenius, Karine, et al.
(author)
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Analytical methods for the determination of oil carryover from CNG/biomethane refueling stations recovered in a solvent
- 2020
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In: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 10:20, s. 11907-11917
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Vehicle gas is often compressed to about 200 bar at the refueling station prior to charging to the vehicle's tank. If a high amount of oil is carried over to the gas, it may cause damage to the vehicles; it is therefore necessary to accurately measure oil carryover. In this paper, three analytical methods for accurate quantification of the oil content are presented whereby two methods are based on gas chromatography and one on FTIR. To better evaluate the level of complexity of the matrix, 10 different compressor oils in use at different refueling stations were initially collected and analysed with GC and FTIR to identify their analytical traces. The GC traces could be divided into three different profiles: oils exhibiting some well resolved peaks, oils exhibiting globally unresolved peaks with some dominant peaks on top of the hump and oils exhibiting globally unresolved peaks. After selection of three oils; one oil from each type, the three methods were evaluated with regards to the detection and quantification limits, the working range, precision, trueness and robustness. The evaluation of the three measurement methods demonstrated that any of these three methods presented were suitable for the quantification of compressor oil for samples. The FTIR method and the GC/MS method both resulted in measurement uncertainties close to 20% rel. while the GC/FID method resulted in a higher measurement uncertainty (U = 30% rel.).
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| 5. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(author)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 6. |
- Berndtsson, Tim, 1989-
(author)
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The Order and the Archive : Freemasonic Archival Culture in Eighteenth-Century Europe
- 2020
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study explores how eighteenth-century European Masons created archives, and how these archives in turn created Masons. It is an exploration of how a masonic archival culture was formed, and how different ideas, hopes, and anxieties were co-produced along with the records and manuscripts kept by masonic associations. At stake in these archival practices was the goal of establishing “order”. I draw theoretical inspiration from works by e.g. Markus Friedrich, Randolph C. Head, and Cornelia Vismann, all of whom have articulated a process-oriented view of archival history. By using materials found in historical collections from masonic associations in present-day archives, especially registers and archival regulations, I provide an overview of the documents accumulated in masonic archives and collections. Through studying not only the Masons’ practices of archiving and collecting, but also their discourses about “collections” and “archives”, I can show how archiving filled administrative functions but also had implications for the kind of knowledge that Masons found their order to be a container for. A historical exposé of archival history in a period stretching from early modernity to the modern period situates the archives of the masonic associations in a wider cultural-historical context. A general investigation of different repositories and means for archival accumulation within masonic associations shows how their record-keeping was frequently combined with collecting, and how both practices served to establish order at different levels. Two case studies, about the German based Order of the Strict Observance, and the Swedish Order of Freemasons, respectively, illustrate the effects of the notion of archived “secrets”, and explore the relation between masonic archiving and state administration. The final chapter discusses how masonic archives had an impact in the sphere of published literature: on the one hand, as a source of materials for sensationalist “exposures” and internal masonic-historiography and, on the other, as a theme for fantasies in literary fiction.My claim is that archival practices stood at the centre, both of organisational efforts of building wide organisational networks with the capacity for strategic action, and of personal quests to acquire the “higher knowledge” believed to be on the orders’ inside.
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| 7. |
- Decaesteker, Bieke, et al.
(author)
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SOX11 regulates SWI/SNF complex components as member of the adrenergic neuroblastoma core regulatory circuitry
- 2023
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The pediatric extra-cranial tumor neuroblastoma displays a low mutational burden while recurrent copy number alterations are present in most high-risk cases. Here, we identify SOX11 as a dependency transcription factor in adrenergic neuroblastoma based on recurrent chromosome 2p focal gains and amplifications, specific expression in the normal sympatho-adrenal lineage and adrenergic neuroblastoma, regulation by multiple adrenergic specific (super-)enhancers and strong dependency on high SOX11 expression in adrenergic neuroblastomas. SOX11 regulated direct targets include genes implicated in epigenetic control, cytoskeleton and neurodevelopment. Most notably, SOX11 controls chromatin regulatory complexes, including 10 SWI/SNF core components among which SMARCC1, SMARCA4/BRG1 and ARID1A. Additionally, the histone deacetylase HDAC2, PRC1 complex component CBX2, chromatin-modifying enzyme KDM1A/LSD1 and pioneer factor c-MYB are regulated by SOX11. Finally, SOX11 is identified as a core transcription factor of the core regulatory circuitry (CRC) in adrenergic high-risk neuroblastoma with a potential role as epigenetic master regulator upstream of the CRC.
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| 8. |
- Fischer, Tim, et al.
(author)
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Creep-fatigue properties of austenitic cast iron D5S with tension and compression dwell : A dislocation density-based crystal plasticity study
- 2022
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In: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 860, s. 144212-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To predict and better understand the creep-fatigue behaviour of austenitic cast iron D5S under tension and compression dwell at 800 degrees C, a physics-based crystal plasticity model that describes the complex rate-and temperature-dependent deformation of the material as a function of the dislocation density is implemented. In addition to the tension and compression dwell direction, the effect of three different dwell times (30, 180 and 600 s) on the creep-fatigue properties is investigated. The dislocation density-based crystal plasticity simulations are compared to experimental tests from a prior work. While relaxation tests and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests without dwell assist in systematically identifying the material parameters, creep-fatigue (CF) data is used to validate the predictions. The virtual testing is performed on a large-scale representation of the actual test specimen with a polycrystalline structure. To analyse the fatigue damage mechanism, small-scale predictions are also conducted using a micromechanical unit cell approach. Here, a single graphite nodule frequently found in the material is embedded into the austenitic matrix. In the present work, a close agreement is achieved between the predicted CF behaviour and the experimental results. Consistent with the experimental findings, the simulation results show that the addition of compression dwell leads to an uplift of the overall tensile stress level, which significantly reduces the fatigue life of the material. The unit cell studies demonstrate that during this uplift, a strong localisation of stresses and strains arises at the graphite/matrix interface, triggering the nucleation and growth of cavities and/or debonding.
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| 9. |
- Fischer, Tim, et al.
(author)
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Micromechanical prediction of the elastic and plastic properties of sintered steels
- 2024
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In: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 897
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One of the characteristic features of sintered steels is the porosity in their microstructure resulting from the compaction and sintering process. This porosity strongly influences the mechanical properties. To enhance the understanding for the structure–property relationship of sintered Astaloy®85Mo with 0.4 wt.%C, a micromechanical modelling approach based on face-centred cubic (fcc) representative volume elements (RVE) is proposed. The fcc-like periodic arrangement of the sintered particles in the RVE enables the consideration of a realistic non-spherical pore morphology. To compare the predictions with experimental results, accompanying uniaxial tensile tests are considered at different pore volume fractions after initial microstructure characterisation. In addition to the effect of pore volume fraction, the influence of sinter necks on the predicted overall strength is also systematically investigated. Despite the fairly simple nature of the underlying fcc structure, the RVE simulations are perfectly capable of reproducing the experimental trend, showing that the elasto-plastic properties decrease with increasing porosity. This is in contrast to analytical predictions, which underestimate the decrease in properties due to spherical pore assumptions. Moreover, the finite element-based simulations reveal a less pronounced influence of the sinter neck shape on the macroscopic behaviour, even though substantial differences in plastic strain localisation are discernible at the microscopic scale.
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| 10. |
- Fischer, Tim, et al.
(author)
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Morphological and Crystallographic Effects in the Laser Powder-Bed Fused Stainless Steel Microstructure
- 2021
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In: Crystals. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4352. ; 11:6, s. 672-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One of the key aspects in additive manufacturing of stainless steels is the relationship between process parameters and the resulting microstructure. The selected process parameters typically cause a rapid solidification of the material, which leads to a microstructure that is highly textured both morphologically and crystallographically. While the morphological texture is characterised by a mainly columnar shape of the grains, the crystallographic texture is marked by a preferred grain orientation in the direction (fibre texture). Due to the texture effects, pronounced anisotropic mechanical properties are present in the material. In this report, a series of virtual microstructures with different morphological and crystallographic features are generated to develop a fundamental understanding of the individual texture effects on the mechanical properties. The grain morphology is based on Voronoi tessellations, and the crystallographic texture is captured with crystal plasticity. Furthermore, the numerical predictions are compared with experimental studies. The mechanical properties predicted on the basis of the virtual microstructures show that the crystallographic effect is much more dominant than the morphology of the individual grains. Consistent with the experiments, the highest load-bearing capacity of the material occurs when the macroscopic loading acts under an angle of 45 degrees to the preferred orientation of the crystals.
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| 11. |
- Fischer, Tim, et al.
(author)
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Relating stress/strain heterogeneity to lath martensite strength by experiments and dislocation density-based crystal plasticity
- 2024
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In: International journal of plasticity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0749-6419 .- 1879-2154. ; 174
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To enhance the fundamental understanding for micromechanical lath martensite deformation, the microstructure as well as macro- and microscopic tensile properties of as -quenched 15-5 PH stainless steel are systematically analysed depending on the austenitisation temperature. Based on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and backscattered electron (BSE) analysis, it is noted that the martensite morphology alters from a less defined to a more clearly defined parallel arrangement of the block and lath structure with increasing temperature. For an indepth quantification of the hierarchical boundary strengthening contributions in relation to local stress/strain heterogeneity, separate high-fidelity virtual microstructures are realised for the different scales (prior austenite grains, packets and blocks). This is consistent with the materials transformation process. The virtual microstructures are simulated employing the crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) adapted for handling high dislocation density and encompassing all relevant strengthening mechanisms by boundaries, dislocations and solute atoms. While accurately capturing the measured size -dependent stress-strain behaviour, the simulations reveal in line with the experiments (Hall-Petch) that blocks are the most effective dislocation motion barrier, causing increased strain hardening and stress/strain heterogeneity. Furthermore, since strain localisation is predicted strongest in the distinct block structure, the experimentally observed early plastic material yielding is thought to be favoured here.
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| 12. |
- Fischer, Tim, et al.
(author)
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Sensitivity of local cyclic deformation in lath martensite to flow rule and slip system in crystal plasticity
- 2023
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In: Computational materials science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0256 .- 1879-0801. ; 222, s. 112106-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The prediction of the cyclic deformation behaviour in lath martensite-based high-strength steels requires constitutive models that reflect the local stress and strain fields as accurately as possible. At the same time, the constitutive models should act as efficiently as possible in order to achieve the required high number of cycles in a finite time. Only few research works have studied the sensitivity of the local cyclic deformation in lath martensite to the power law-based flow rule (Hutchinson or Chaboche-Cailletaud) and the active body-centred cubic (bcc) slip systems ({110}(111) and {112}(111)) in the crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM). This paper, therefore, aims to provide some guidance in the selection of suitable flow rule and slip systems. Based on full-field micromechanical modelling of a medium-carbon steel under symmetric strain-controlled cyclic loading, it can be shown that the two most commonly used flow rules according to Hutchinson and Chaboche-Cailletaud are equally capable of predicting the local stress and strain distributions within the hierarchical martensitic microstructure. However, using the Hutchinson flow rule increases the computational performance for the quasi-rate-independent problem considered here. The local distributions found differ strongly from those in the parent austenitic microstructure. If plastic deformation is assumed not only on the slip systems {110}(111), as often done, but also on the {112}(111) type, a redistribution of the bimodal distributed local stresses occurs at a significantly lower stress level. The unimodal distributed local strains are less affected by this. In addition, it is found that slightly different critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) values for both slip system types influence the local stress and strain distributions less severely than the additional plastic slip activation in the material.
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| 13. |
- Frkatović-Hodžić, Azra, et al.
(author)
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Mapping of the gene network that regulates glycan clock of ageing
- 2023
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In: Aging. - 1945-4589. ; 15:24, s. 14509-14552
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Glycans are an essential structural component of immunoglobulin G (IgG) that modulate its structure and function. However, regulatory mechanisms behind this complex posttranslational modification are not well known. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified 29 genomic regions involved in regulation of IgG glycosylation, but only a few were functionally validated. One of the key functional features of IgG glycosylation is the addition of galactose (galactosylation), a trait which was shown to be associated with ageing. We performed GWAS of IgG galactosylation (N=13,705) and identified 16 significantly associated loci, indicating that IgG galactosylation is regulated by a complex network of genes that extends beyond the galactosyltransferase enzyme that adds galactose to IgG glycans. Gene prioritization identified 37 candidate genes. Using a recently developed CRISPR/dCas9 system we manipulated gene expression of candidate genes in the in vitro IgG expression system. Upregulation of three genes, EEF1A1, MANBA and TNFRSF13B, changed the IgG glycome composition, which confirmed that these three genes are involved in IgG galactosylation in this in vitro expression system.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Loaiza, Tania, 1994-, et al.
(author)
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Micromechanical response of dual-hardening martensitic bearing steel before and after rolling contact fatigue
- 2024
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In: Journal of Materials Research and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2238-7854 .- 2214-0697. ; 29, s. 4728-4734
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Material decay in bearing steels under rolling contact fatigue (RCF) leads to fatigue initiation and failure. This study examines the local structure-property relationship in decayed material through in-situ compression testing of micropillars prepared from a dual-hardening martensitic bearing steel (Hybrid 60) before and after RCF testing. The results demonstrate a pronounced enhancement in local yield strength for decayed regions (2200–2340 MPa) as compared to non-decayed regions (1755–1780 MPa). The higher initial stress for dislocations glide in the decayed regions and their discontinuous yield behavior are attributed to the presence of ferrite microbands. Crystal plasticity simulations corroborated these findings, showingincreased critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) and reduced strain hardening in decayed samples.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Mohammed Taha, Hiba, et al.
(author)
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The NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN-SLE) : facilitating European and worldwide collaboration on suspect screening in high resolution mass spectrometry
- 2022
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In: Environmental Sciences Europe. - : Springer. - 2190-4707 .- 2190-4715. ; 34:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The NORMAN Association (https://www.norman-network.com/) initiated the NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN-SLE; https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/) in 2015, following the NORMAN collaborative trial on non-target screening of environmental water samples by mass spectrometry. Since then, this exchange of information on chemicals that are expected to occur in the environment, along with the accompanying expert knowledge and references, has become a valuable knowledge base for “suspect screening” lists. The NORMAN-SLE now serves as a FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) chemical information resource worldwide.Results: The NORMAN-SLE contains 99 separate suspect list collections (as of May 2022) from over 70 contributors around the world, totalling over 100,000 unique substances. The substance classes include per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceuticals, pesticides, natural toxins, high production volume substances covered under the European REACH regulation (EC: 1272/2008), priority contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and regulatory lists from NORMAN partners. Several lists focus on transformation products (TPs) and complex features detected in the environment with various levels of provenance and structural information. Each list is available for separate download. The merged, curated collection is also available as the NORMAN Substance Database (NORMAN SusDat). Both the NORMAN-SLE and NORMAN SusDat are integrated within the NORMAN Database System (NDS). The individual NORMAN-SLE lists receive digital object identifiers (DOIs) and traceable versioning via a Zenodo community (https://zenodo.org/communities/norman-sle), with a total of > 40,000 unique views, > 50,000 unique downloads and 40 citations (May 2022). NORMAN-SLE content is progressively integrated into large open chemical databases such as PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and the US EPA’s CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/), enabling further access to these lists, along with the additional functionality and calculated properties these resources offer. PubChem has also integrated significant annotation content from the NORMAN-SLE, including a classification browser (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/classification/#hid=101).Conclusions: The NORMAN-SLE offers a specialized service for hosting suspect screening lists of relevance for the environmental community in an open, FAIR manner that allows integration with other major chemical resources. These efforts foster the exchange of information between scientists and regulators, supporting the paradigm shift to the “one substance, one assessment” approach. New submissions are welcome via the contacts provided on the NORMAN-SLE website (https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/).
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| 18. |
- Patterson, Nick, et al.
(author)
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Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age
- 2022
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In: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; , s. 588-594
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2-6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain's independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.
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| 19. |
- Pega, Frank, et al.
(author)
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Global, regional, and national burdens of ischemic heart disease and stroke attributable to exposure to long working hours for 194 countries, 2000-2016 : A systematic analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury
- 2021
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In: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 154
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: World Health Organization (WHO) and International Labour Organization (ILO) systematic reviews reported sufficient evidence for higher risks of ischemic heart disease and stroke amongst people working long hours (>= 55 hours/week), compared with people working standard hours (35-40 hours/week). This article presents WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of global, regional, and national exposure to long working hours, for 194 countries, and the attributable burdens of ischemic heart disease and stroke, for 183 countries, by sex and age, for 2000, 2010, and 2016.Methods and Findings: We calculated population-attributable fractions from estimates of the population exposed to long working hours and relative risks of exposure on the diseases from the systematic reviews. The exposed population was modelled using data from 2324 cross-sectional surveys and 1742 quarterly survey datasets. Attributable disease burdens were estimated by applying the population-attributable fractions to WHO's Global Health Estimates of total disease burdens.Results: In 2016, 488 million people (95% uncertainty range: 472-503 million), or 8.9% (8.6-9.1) of the global population, were exposed to working long hours (>= 55 hours/week). An estimated 745,194 deaths (705,786-784,601) and 23.3 million disability-adjusted life years (22.2-24.4) from ischemic heart disease and stroke combined were attributable to this exposure. The population-attributable fractions for deaths were 3.7% (3.4-4.0) for ischemic heart disease and 6.9% for stroke (6.4-7.5); for disability-adjusted life years they were 5.3% (4.9-5.6) for ischemic heart disease and 9.3% (8.7-9.9) for stroke.Conclusions: WHO and ILO estimate exposure to long working hours (>= 55 hours/week) is common and causes large attributable burdens of ischemic heart disease and stroke. Protecting and promoting occupational and workers' safety and health requires interventions to reduce hazardous long working hours.
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| 20. |
- Putora, Paul Martin, et al.
(author)
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Diagnostic imaging strategies of acute intracerebral hemorrhage in European academic hospitals—a decision-making analysis
- 2023
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In: Neuroradiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-3940 .- 1432-1920. ; 65:4, s. 729-736
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To evaluate and compare which factors are relevant to the diagnostic decision-making and imaging workup of intracerebral hemorrhages in large, specialized European centers. Methods: Expert neuroradiologists from ten large, specialized centers (where endovascular stroke treatment is routinely performed) in nine European countries were selected in cooperation with the European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR). The experts were asked to describe how and when they would investigate specific causes in a patient who presented with an acute, atraumatic, intracerebral hemorrhage for two given locations: (1) basal ganglia, thalamus, pons or cerebellum; (2) lobar hemorrhage. Answers were collected, and decision trees were compared. Results: Criteria that were considered relevant for decision-making reflect recommendations from current guidelines and were similar in all participating centers. CT Angiography or MR angiography was considered essential by the majority of centers regardless of other factors. Imaging in clinical practice tended to surpass guideline recommendations and was heterogeneous among different centers, e.g., in a scenario suggestive of typical hypertensive hemorrhage, recommendations ranged from no further follow-up imaging to CT angiography and MR angiography. In no case was a consensus above 60% achieved. Conclusion: In European clinical practices, existing guidelines for diagnostic imaging strategies in ICH evaluation are followed as a basis but in most cases, additional imaging investigation is undertaken. Significant differences in imaging workup were observed among the centers. Results suggest a high level of awareness and caution regarding potentially underlying pathology other than hypertensive disease.
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| 21. |
- Sanchez, Erlan, et al.
(author)
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Association of plasma biomarkers with cognition, cognitive decline, and daily function across and within neurodegenerative diseases: Results from the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative
- 2024
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In: Alzheimer's and Dementia. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 20:3, s. 1753-1770
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: We investigated whether novel plasma biomarkers are associated with cognition, cognitive decline, and functional independence in activities of daily living across and within neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS: Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), phosphorylated tau (p-tau)181 and amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40 were measured using ultra-sensitive Simoa immunoassays in 44 healthy controls and 480 participants diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease/mild cognitive impairment (AD/MCI), Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) spectrum disorders, or cerebrovascular disease (CVD). RESULTS: GFAP, NfL, and/or p-tau181 were elevated among all diseases compared to controls, and were broadly associated with worse baseline cognitive performance, greater cognitive decline, and/or lower functional independence. While GFAP, NfL, and p-tau181 were highly predictive across diseases, p-tau181 was more specific to the AD/MCI cohort. Sparse associations were found in the FTD and CVD cohorts and for Aβ42/40. DISCUSSION: GFAP, NfL, and p-tau181 are valuable predictors of cognition and function across common neurodegenerative diseases, and may be useful in specialized clinics and clinical trials.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Öhrberg, Ann, 1955-, et al.
(author)
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Introduction
- 2022. - 1
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In: From Dust to Dawn. - : Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen. - 9789198008159 ; , s. 9-14
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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