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- Frühwald, Eva
(author)
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Analysis of structural failures in timber structures: Typical causes for failure and failure modes
- 2011
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In: Engineering Structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7323 .- 0141-0296. ; 33:11, s. 2978-2982
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Collapses of timber structures are negative for the competitiveness of timber on the construction market. The question is what can be done to reduce the risk for failure in timber structures in the future. For this purpose a comprehensive survey and analysis of failures in 127 timber structures have been made. The present paper summarises the results from this survey with an analysis of the underlying causes and associated conclusions and recommendations. The most common cause of failure is related to weaknesses in or lack of strength design (41.5%), followed by poor principles during erection (14.1%), on-site alterations (12.5%) and insufficient or lack of design with respect to environmental actions (11.4%). In total, about half of the failures are caused by the designer and about one fourth of the failures are caused by the personnel working at the building site. Wood quality, production methods and production principles only cause a small part (together about 11%) of the failures.
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- Frühwald Hansson, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Failure analysis on timber structures
- 2011
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In: Assessment of failures and malfunctions - guidelines for quality control. - 9783844001617
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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- Maggioni, Aldo P., et al.
(author)
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Are hospitalized or ambulatory patients with heart failure treated in accordance with European Society of Cardiology guidelines? Evidence from 12 440 patients of the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry
- 2013
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In: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 15:10, s. 1173-1184
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To evaluate how recommendations of European guidelines regarding pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for heart failure (HF) are adopted in clinical practice. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThe ESC-HF Long-Term Registry is a prospective, observational study conducted in 211 Cardiology Centres of 21 European and Mediterranean countries, members of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). From May 2011 to April 2013, a total of 12 440 patients were enrolled, 40.5 with acute HF and 59.5 with chronic HF. Intravenous treatments for acute HF were heterogeneously administered, irrespective of guideline recommendations. In chronic HF, with reduced EF, reninangiotensin system (RAS) blockers, beta-blockers, and mineralocorticoid antagonists (MRAs) were used in 92.2, 92.7, and 67.0 of patients, respectively. When reasons for non-adherence were considered, the real rate of undertreatment accounted for 3.2, 2.3, and 5.4 of the cases, respectively. About 30 of patients received the target dosage of these drugs, but a documented reason for not achieving the target dosage was reported in almost two-thirds of them. The more relevant reasons for non-implantation of a device, when clinically indicated, were related to doctor uncertainties on the indication, patient refusal, or logistical/cost issues. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThis pan-European registry shows that, while in patients with acute HF, a large heterogeneity of treatments exists, drug treatment of chronic HF can be considered largely adherent to recommendations of current guidelines, when the reasons for non-adherence are taken into account. Observations regarding the real possibility to adhere fully to current guidelines in daily clinical practice should be seriously considered when clinical practice guidelines have to be written.
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- Thelandersson, Sven, et al.
(author)
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Service life of wood in outdoor above ground applications - engineering design guideline
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This engineering design guideline is intended for wood in outdoor above ground applications, i.e. use class 3 according to EN 335. It is based on a prescribed limit state for onset of decay during a reference service life of 30 years. Onset of decay is defined as a state of fungal attack according to rating 1 in EN 252. The approach is to determine the climate exposure as a function of geographical location, local exposure conditions, sheltering, distance to ground and design of details. The exposure is then compared with the material resistance defined in five classes and the design output is either OK or NOT OK. The present version of the guideline covers applications for decking and cladding. The data included in the guideline have partly been derived with the help of a dose-response model for decay, which was used to derive relative measures of decay risk between different locations and between different detail solutions. Other elements in the guideline have been estimated in a semi-subjective manner based on expert opinions as well as experience from field testing. The guideline has been verified by a number of reality checks of real buildings, which show that the output from the tool agrees well with documented experience. The guideline has also been presented in a computerized Excel format, which makes practical use more convenient. It is believed that many building professionals will appreciate a tool within the area of wood durability which has an approach similar to other design tasks in building projects. An advantage is that in applying the method the designer will go through a check list where he/she becomes aware of the importance of appropriate design and detailing solutions. In addition the user will have to consider the target service life as well as the consequences of non-performance in the design of a construction.
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