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- Brandberg, T., et al.
(author)
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Continuous fermentation of wheat-supplemented lignocellulose hydrolysate with different types of cell retention
- 2007
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In: Biotechnology and Bioengineering. - : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. - 0006-3592 .- 1097-0290. ; 98:1, s. 80-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Medium supplementation and process alternatives for fuel ethanol production from dilute acid lignocellulose hydrolysate were investigated. Dilute acid lignocellulose hydrolysate supplemented with enzymatically hydrolysed wheat flour could sustain continuous anaerobic cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 96581 if further supplemented with ammonium sulphate and biotin. This medium composition allowed for a hexose utilisation of 73% and an ethanol production of 36 mmol l-1 h-1 in chemostat cultivation at dilution rate 0.10 h-1. Three different methods for cell retention were compared for improved fermentation of supplemented lignocellulose hydrolysate: cell recirculation by filtration, cell recirculation by sedimentation and cell immobilisation in calcium alginate. All three cell retention methods improved the hexose conversion and increased the volumetric ethanol production rate. Recirculation of 75% of the bioreactor outlet flow by filtration improved the hexose utilisation from 76% to 94%. Sedimentation turned out to be an efficient method for cell separation; the cell concentration in the reactor was 32 times higher than in the outflow after 60 h of substrate feeding. However, chemostat and continuous cell recirculation cultures became severely inhibited when the dilution rate was increased to 0.20 h-1. In contrast, an immobilised system kept producing ethanol at a stable level also at dilution rate 0.30 h-1. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 98: 80-90. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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- Franzen, Johan., et al.
(author)
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A general organocatalyst for direct alpha-functionalization of aldehydes : Stereoselective C-C, C-N, C-F, C-BR, and C-S bond-forming reactions. Scope and mechanistic insights
- 2005
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In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 127:51, s. 18296-18304
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The development of a general organocatalyst for the alpha-functionalization of aldehydes, via an enamine intermediate, is presented. Based on optically active alpha,alpha-diarylprolinol silyl ethers, the scope and applications of this catalyst for the stereogenic formation of C-C, C-N, C-F, C-Br, and C-S bonds are outlined. The reactions all proceed in good to high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities. Furthermore, we will present mechanistic insight into the reaction course applying nonlinear effect studies, kinetic resolution, and computational investigations leading to an understanding of the properties of the alpha,alpha-diarylprolinol silyl ether catalysts.
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| 7. |
- Franzén, Lena, 1967, et al.
(author)
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Children in Sweden admitted to intensive care after trauma
- 2007
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In: Injury. - 0020-1383. ; 38:1, s. 91-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to describe the demographics, injuries, mechanisms and severity of injury, prehospital and hospital care during the first 24h, and patient outcome, in the most severely injured children cared for following trauma at a paediatric intensive care unit in Sweden. METHODS: The medical records of 131 traumatised children (0-16 years of age), admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit in Gothenburg from January 1990 to October 2000, were retrospectively examined. Nine internationally recognised scoring systems were used to calculate severity of injury, in order to predict the chances of patient survival. RESULTS: Paediatric trauma was more common in boys (68%). The mean age at injury was 7.9 years (S.D. 4.7 years). Traffic-related accidents (40%) and falls (34%) were the leading causes of injury. Injuries to the head were the most frequent, forming 24% of all injuries. Severity of injury was recorded as an Injury Severity Score median of 14, Trauma Score Injury Severity Score median of 99% and Paediatric Risk of Mortality Score median of 0.69%. The mortality rate was 3%. CONCLUSION: Trauma with admission to a paediatric intensive care unit is rare in a Swedish paediatric population. When cared for at a centre with the necessary facilities and trained personnel, these children have a good chance of survival.
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- Keita, Åsa, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Increased uptake of non-pathogenic E. coli via the follicle-associated epithelium in longstanding ileal Crohn's disease
- 2008
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In: Journal of Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3417 .- 1096-9896. ; 215:2, s. 135-144
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Crohn's disease (CD), inflammation is driven by luminal commensal micro-organisms, however, mechanisms of early phases of inflammation need further clarification. The earliest observable lesions of recurrent CD are microscopic erosions at the specialized follicle-associated epithelium (FAE), which lines the Peyer's patches. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the mucosal barrier to non-pathogenic bacteria in FAE of CD. The FAE of macroscopically normal ileum from patients with longstanding CD, ulcerative colitis, and controls was studied in Ussing chambers regarding electrophysiology and permeability to 51Cr-EDTA, horseradish peroxidase, and non-pathogenic E. coli strains. Transepithelial passage routes and uptake into dendritic cells were studied by confocal and electron microscopy. FAE of CD showed increased numbers of adherent bacteria, after E. coli exposure in Ussing chambers, as well as spontaneously in non-exposed archival surgical tissues. Further, we found increased uptake of fluorescent E. coli K-12 and HB101 across FAE of CD, but not in ulcerative colitis. Microscopy demonstrated intercellular and transcellular uptake of E. coli in CD, but only transcellular in controls. FAE exposed to E. coli demonstrated changes in conductance and 51Cr-EDTA permeability, suggesting that bacteria affected the paracellular pathway in CD mucosa. Following bacterial uptake, CD mucosa also demonstrated an increased percentage of E. coli co-localizing with dendritic cells, and augmented tissue release of TNF-α. Our data present novel insights into the pathophysiology of CD by demonstrating a previously unrecognized defect of FAE barrier to bacteria in ileal CD, leading to increased load of commensal bacteria to the inductive sites of mucosal immunity. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 11. |
- Lange, S, et al.
(author)
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The kinase domain of titin controls muscle gene expression and protein turnover
- 2005
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In: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 308:5728, s. 1599-1603
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The giant sarcomeric protein titin contains a protein kinase domain (TK) ideally positioned to sense mechanical load. We identified a signaling complex where TK interacts with the zinc-finger protein nbr1 through a mechanically inducible conformation. Nbr1 targets the ubiquitin-associated p62/SQSTM1 to sarcomeres, and p62 in turn interacts with MuRF2, a muscle-specific RING-B-box E3 ligase and ligand of the transactivation domain of the serum response transcription factor (SRF). Nuclear translocation of MuRF2 was induced by mechanical inactivity and caused reduction of nuclear SRF and repression of transcription. A human mutation in the titin protein kinase domain causes hereditary muscle disease by disrupting this pathway.
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- Lutgendorff, Femke, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Probiotics enhance pancreatic glutathione biosynthesis and reduce oxidative stress in experimental acute pancreatitis
- 2008
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In: American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1857 .- 1522-1547. ; 295:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Factors determining severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) are poorly understood. Oxidative stress causes acinar cell injury and contributes to the severity, whereas prophylactic probiotics ameliorate experimental pancreatitis. Our objective was to study how probiotics affect oxidative stress, inflammation, and acinar cell injury during the early phase of AP. Fifty-three male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into groups: 1) control, 2) sham procedure, 3) AP with no treatment, 4) AP with probiotics, and 5) AP with placebo. AP was induced under general anesthesia by intraductal glycodeoxycholate infusion (15 mM) and intravenous cerulein (5 μg·kg-1·h-1, for 6 h). Daily probiotics or placebo were administered intragastrically, starting 5 days prior to AP. After cerulein infusion, pancreas samples were collected for analysis including lipid peroxidation, glutathione, glutamate-cysteine-ligase activity, histological grading of pancreatic injury, and NF-κB activation. The severity of pancreatic injury correlated to oxidative damage (r = 0.9) and was ameliorated by probiotics (1.5 vs. placebo 5.5, P = 0.014). AP-induced NF-κB activation was reduced by probiotics (0.20 vs. placebo 0.53 OD 450nm/mg nuclear protein, P < 0.001). Probiotics attenuated AP-induced lipid peroxidation (0.25 vs. placebo 0.51 pmol malondialdehyde/mg protein, P < 0.001). Not only was AP-induced glutathione depletion prevented (8.81 vs. placebo 4.1 μmol/mg protein, P < 0.001), probiotic pretreatment even increased glutathione compared with sham rats (8.81 vs. sham 6.18 μmol/mg protein, P < 0.001). Biosynthesis of glutathione (glutamate-cysteine-ligase activity) was enhanced in probiotic-pretreated animals. Probiotics enhanced the biosynthesis of glutathione, which may have reduced activation of inflammation and acinar cell injury and ameliorated experimental AP, via a reduction in oxidative stress. Copyright © 2008 the American Physiological Society.
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| 14. |
- Marigo, M., et al.
(author)
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Asymmetric multicomponent domino reactions and highly enantioselective conjugated addition of thiols to alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes
- 2005
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In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 127:45, s. 15710-15711
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An organocatalytic asymmetric multicomponent domino and a conjugated addition reaction to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes are presented. The development is based, first, on an organocatalyzed highly enantioselective nucleophilic thiol addition to the β-carbon atom in the iminium ion intermediate, followed by an electrophilic amination of the α-carbon atom to the enamine intermediate. The multicomponent reactions proceed to give enantiopure amino−thiols in moderate to good yields. Furthermore, the organocatalyzed thiol addition to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes takes place in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities.
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| 15. |
- Marigo, M., et al.
(author)
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Asymmetric organocatalytic epoxidation of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes with hydrogen peroxide
- 2005
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In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 127:19, s. 6964-6965
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The first asymmetric organocatalytic epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes is presented. A chiral bisaryl−silyl-protected pyrrolidine acts as a very selective epoxidation organocatalyst using simple oxidation agents, such as hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The asymmetric epoxidation reactions proceed under environmental friendly reaction condition in, for example, water mixtures of alcohols, and the scope of the reaction is demonstrated by the formation of optically active α,β-epoxy aldehydes in high yields and enantioselectivities >94% ee. Furthermore, the direct synthesis of the sex pheromone from an acaric mite by asymmetric epoxidation of citral is presented.
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| 17. |
- Roblick, U.J., et al.
(author)
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Undifferentiated pelvic adenocarcinomas : diagnostic potential of protein profiling and multivariate analysis
- 2008
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In: International Journal of Colorectal Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0179-1958 .- 1432-1262. ; 23:5, s. 483-491
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite improved techniques, the determination of tumor origin in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas still remains a challenge for the pathologist. Here we report the use of protein profiling combined with principal component analysis to improve diagnostic decision-making in tumor samples, in which standard pathologic investigations cannot present reliable results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of unknown origin located in the pelvis, infiltrating the sigmoid colon as well as the ovary, served as a model to evaluate our proteomic approach. Firstly, we characterized the protein expression profiles from eight advanced colon and seven ovarian adenocarcinomas using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Qualitative and quantitative patterns were recorded and compared to the tumor of unknown origin. Based on these protein profiles, match sets from the different tumors were created. Finally, a multivariate principal component analysis was applied to the entire 2-DE data to disclose differences in protein patterns between the different tumors. RESULTS: Over 89% of the unknown tumor sample spots could be matched with the colon standard gel, whereas only 63% of the spots could be matched with the ovarian standard. In addition, principal component analysis impressively displayed the clustering of the unknown case within the colon cancer samples, whereas this case did not cluster at all within the group of ovarian adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSION: These results show that 2-DE protein expression profiling combined with principal component analysis is a sensitive method for diagnosing undifferentiated adenocarcinomas of unknown origin. The described approach can contribute greatly to diagnostic decision-making and, with further technical improvements and a higher throughput, become a powerful tool in the armentarium of the pathologist.
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| 18. |
- Stille, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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An application of Bayesian statistics for monitoring the thickness of shotcrete linings
- 2006
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In: Shotcrete for Underground Support X. - Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers. - 0784408858 - 9780784408858 ; , s. 63-71
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The concept of Bayesian statistics has been applied here to analyse aspects of monitoring the thickness of shotcrete linings. This paper presents a theoretical model describing the relationship between the minimum mean thickness stipulated in the design and the estimated mean thickness of the shotcrete in place. It is shown that prior information as well as, new information systematically can be taken into account in the estimation of the population parameters of shotcrete linings, such as mean values and standard deviation. A performance criterion is introduced that opens up for a transparent and systematic approach to monitor the actual shotcrete thickness in place as well as for means to adapt the mean thickness of the shotcrete in place towards the requirements of the design.
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