| 1. |
- Alfonsson, Sven, et al.
(author)
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Group Behavioral activation for patients with severe obesity and Binge eating disorder : A randomized controlled trial
- 2015
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In: Behavior modification. - : SAGE Publications. - 0145-4455 .- 1552-4167. ; 39:2, s. 270-294
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to assess whether behavioral activation (BA) is an efficacious treatment for decreasing eating disorder symptoms in patients with obesity and binge eating disorder (BED). Ninety-six patients with severe obesity and BED were randomized to either 10 sessions of group BA or wait-list control. The study was conducted at an obesity clinic in a regular hospital setting. The treatment improved some aspects of disordered eating and had a positive effect on depressive symptoms but there was no significant difference between the groups regarding binge eating and most other symptoms. Improved mood but lack of effect on binge eating suggests that dysfunctional eating (including BED) is maintained by other mechanisms than low activation and negative mood. However, future studies need to investigate whether effects of BA on binge eating might emerge later than at post-assessment, as in interpersonal psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa.
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| 2. |
- Alfonsson, Sven, 1977-
(author)
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Impulsivity, Negative Mood, and Disordered Eating in Obesity
- 2014
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Bariatric surgery is a life-altering procedure that leads to substantial weight loss for most patients with obesity. Psychiatric conditions that may interfere with eating behavior and other behavioral prescriptions after surgery are common. Disordered eating is an established risk factor for inferior weight loss but the effects of negative mood and impulsivity are largely unknown. This thesis aims to investigate the prevalence of and associations between these potential risk factors and eating behavior in bariatric surgery patients.Study I assessed the prevalence of adult Attention Deficits/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms in bariatric surgery patients. Symptoms of adult ADHD were elevated compared to the normal population and associated with symptoms of disordered eating, anxiety, and depression.Study II investigated whether treatment with Behavioral Activation (BA) could ameliorate binge eating and other symptoms of disordered eating in patients with obesity and Binge Eating Disorder. The results showed that BA was effective in increasing activity levels and improving mood but not in ameliorating binge eating in these patients.Study III was a prospective study on disordered eating, symptoms of depression and anxiety, symptoms of adult ADHD, and alcohol risk consumption before surgery and at follow-up after 12 months. After controlling for age, no variable measured before surgery could predict weight loss after surgery. Disordered eating after surgery was associated with inferior weight loss in men and a subgroup of older female participants.The present thesis concludes that symptoms of adult ADHD are common among bariatric surgery patients and associated with disordered eating. There is no indication that symptoms of adult ADHD are associated with short-term inferior weight loss after surgery. However, adult ADHD may be a risk factor for postsurgical alcohol abuse. The treatment study showed no direct association among activity, mood, and binge eating. BA, while effective in improving mood, was found not to be an effective treatment for BED, at least in the short group format investigated.
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| 3. |
- Alfonsson, Sven, et al.
(author)
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Is age a better predictor of weight loss one year after Gastric bypass than symptoms of disordered eating, depression, adult ADHD, and alcohol consumption?
- 2014
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In: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 15:4, s. 644-647
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION:Findings regarding psychological risk factors for low weight loss after bariatric surgery have been inconsistent. The association between gender and weight outcome is unclear while younger age has been consistently shown to be associated with better weight outcome. The aim of this study was to analyze the interactions between gender and age on the one hand and symptoms of disordered eating, depression, adult ADHD and alcohol consumption on the other hand in regard to weight loss after gastric bypass.METHODS:Bariatric surgery patients were recruited and asked to fill out self-report questionnaires regarding behavioral risk factors before and twelve months after surgery. Data from one hundred and twenty-nine patients were analyzed.RESULTS:After controlling for age, no psychological variable measured prior to surgery could predict weight loss after twelve months. After surgery, there was an interaction effect between age, gender and specific eating disorder symptoms. Specifically, loss of control over eating was a risk factor for low weight loss among older, but not among younger, female participants. Symptoms of adult ADHD were associated with elevated alcohol consumption after surgery.DISCUSSION:These results indicate that age and gender may moderate the effects of potential risk factors for inferior weight outcome. This interaction could potentially be one of the reasons behind the mixed findings in this field. Thus, there are important gender differences in the bariatric population that should be considered. The present study is the first to show that symptoms of adult ADHD may not be a risk factor for inferior weight loss but for alcohol risk consumption after gastric bypass.
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| 4. |
- Alfonsson, Sven, et al.
(author)
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Screening of Adult ADHD Among Patients Presenting for Bariatric Surgery
- 2012
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In: Obesity Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0960-8923 .- 1708-0428. ; 22:6, s. 918-926
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the field of bariatric surgery, research on symptoms of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their interrelationships with other psychological risk factors such as depression and anxiety is scarce. The symptoms of adult ADHD seem to be common in the obese population, but they are rarely investigated before bariatric surgery. ADHD-related symptoms such as impulsivity have at the same time been identified as potential risk factors for less successful weight loss among bariatric surgery patients. The aims of the current study were to screen for symptoms of adult ADHD and to investigate their relationships with other psychological risk factors. Candidates for bariatric surgery ( = 187) were anonymously screened for symptoms of anxiety, depression, and adult ADHD, in addition to disordered eating patterns, by means of questionnaires. The relations between these symptoms were investigated. In the current sample, 10% of patients screened positively for adult ADHD, and the symptoms of adult ADHD were significantly correlated with those of anxiety, depression, and disordered eating. The results show that adult ADHD is more common in this clinical group than in the general population (4%) and that adult ADHD is associated with disordered eating patterns, depression, and anxiety. Further prospective research, using multivariate analysis, is needed to investigate whether the symptoms of adult ADHD, and their interaction with anxiety, depression, or disordered eating, may possibly constitute a risk factor in terms of difficulties in adhering to the post-surgery regime and its potential unfavorable outcome.
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| 5. |
- Alfonsson, Sven, et al.
(author)
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Self-€reported symptoms of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among obese patients seeking bariatric surgery and its relation to alcohol consumption, disordered eating and gender
- 2013
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In: Clinical Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1758-8103 .- 1758-8111. ; 3:5, s. 124-131
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- What is already known about this subjectSymptoms of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common among people with obesity.Symptoms of ADHD are associated with other impulsive behaviours.Impulsivity can manifest differently in women and men.What this study addsThe prevalence of ADHD symptoms was equal in both sexes in this patient group.ADHD symptoms were associated with hazardous alcohol consumption in men but not in women.It may be important to investigate several comorbid conditions simultaneously instead of a single diagnosis.Eating disorders and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), both characterized by deficits in impulse control, are common among bariatric surgery patients. Previous studies in other groups have found gender differences in how symptoms of ADHD and eating disorders manifest as women show more disordered eating and men show more risk consumption of alcohol. In the present study, the association between symptoms of adult ADHD, eating disorders and hazardous alcohol consumption was investigated, while considering gender differences. Self-report questionnaires were obtained from 276 bariatric surgery patients 3–6 months before surgery. The prevalence rates of adult ADHD and binge eating disorder (BED) were 8.6% and 6.3%, respectively, with no evidence of gender difference in the prevalence rates. Hazardous alcohol consumption was reported by a significantly larger portion of men (16.9%) than women (8.6%). There was an association between adult ADHD and both BED and hazardous alcohol consumption. However, symptoms of adult ADHD were associated with hazardous alcohol consumption in men but not in women. Our results suggest gender differences in hazardous alcohol consumption and self-reported symptoms of disordered eating despite similar prevalence rate of BED, but no gender difference in symptoms of adult ADHD. Finally, as the associations between these variables seem to be different in women and men, future
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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An overview and analysis of the behaviorist criticism of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)
- 2006
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In: Clinical Psychologist. - 1328-4207 .- 1742-9552. ; 10, s. 67-77
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While a majority of cognitive-behavioural researchers and clinicians adhere to the classification system provided in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994, 2000), strong objections have been voiced among behaviourists who find the dichotomous allocation of patients into psychiatric diagnoses incompatible with the philosophy of behaviorism and practice of functional analysis. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the current debate and to analyze the tension between the DSM-IV and functional analysis along the following contrasts: Inductive vs. Deductive, Idiographic vs. Nomothetic, Contextualism vs. Mechanism, Social constructions vs. Real Entities, and Dimensions vs. Categories. Finally, some suggested alternatives are discussed. It is concluded that there is a need for alternative systems to the DSM with treatment utility.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Asmundson, Gordon, et al.
(author)
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Cognitive behaviour therapy in full flight
- 2004
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In: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1650-6073 .- 1651-2316. ; 33:3, s. 113-
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 10. |
- Ata, Ghaderi, et al.
(author)
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“Everybody’s Different”: A Primary Prevention Program Among Fifth Grade School Children
- 2005
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In: Eating Disorders: The journal of Treatment and Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1064-0266 .- 1532-530X. ; 13:3, s. 245-259
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of the primary prevention program “Everybody’s Different” among fifth grade school children. Pre and post measurements were made in both the intervention and control groups regarding body image, weight concern, emotional well-being, attitudes and behaviors associated with disordered eating, self-esteem, anxiety, and depression. The study did not result in any significant improvements regarding self-esteem, eating attitudes, or body image. The prevention program does not seem to be effective for children in grade five in its present form. Further research on and development of primary prevention programs is needed.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Ata, Ghaderi
(author)
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Ätstörningar
- 2006
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In: Kognitiv beteendeterapi inom psykiatrin.. - : Natur & Kultur.
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 14. |
- Bergvall, Hillevi, et al.
(author)
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Development of competence in cognitive behavioural therapy and the role of metacognition among clinical psychology and psychotherapy students
- 2023
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In: Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 1352-4658 .- 1469-1833. ; 51:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background:There is a paucity of research on therapist competence development following extensive training in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). In addition, metacognitive ability (the knowledge and regulation of ones cognitive processes) has been associated with learning in various domains but its role in learning CBT is unknown. Aims:To investigate to what extent psychology and psychotherapy students acquired competence in CBT following extensive training, and the role of metacognition. Method:CBT competence and metacognitive activity were assessed in 73 psychology and psychotherapy students before and after 1.5 years of CBT training, using role-plays with a standardised patient. Results:Using linear mixed modelling, we found large improvements of CBT competence from pre- to post-assessment. At post-assessment, 72% performed above the competence threshold (36 points on the Cognitive Therapy Scale-Revised). Higher competence was correlated with lower accuracy in self-assessment, a measure of metacognitive ability. The more competent therapists tended to under-estimate their performance, while less competent therapists made more accurate self-assessments. Metacognitive activity did not predict CBT competence development. Participant characteristics (e.g. age, clinical experience) did not moderate competence development. Conclusions:Competence improved over time and most students performed over the threshold post-assessment. The more competent therapists tended to under-rate their competence. In contrast to what has been found in other learning domains, metacognitive ability was not associated with competence development in our study. Hence, metacognition and competence may be unrelated in CBT or perhaps other methods are required to measure metacognition.
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| 15. |
- Björnsdotter, Annika, 1970-
(author)
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Evaluation of Family Check-Up and iComet : Effectiveness as well as Psychometrics and Norms for Parent Rating Scales
- 2014
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis compromise four studies, three regarding psychometrics and norms of parent rating scales, and one study regarding effectiveness of two different interventions. A normative sample consisting of 1443 parents with children aged 10 to 13 years old, was used in the Study I, II and III. In Study IV, 231 self-referred parents with children aged 10-13 years old with externalizing behavior problem (EBP) were randomized to either Family Check-Up (FCU) or iComet.The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) used in Study I proved to be a reliable and valid instrument with high internal consistency, clear factor structure and high correlation with other similar instruments. In addition, the results support the online use of SDQ as well as using norms obtained through traditional administration even when the SDQ has been administrated online. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) investigated in Study II was shown to have adequate reliability and construct validity. The specific use of expressive suppression or cognitive reappraisal as a parental emotion regulation strategy was correlated as expected to the couple’s satisfaction, family warmth, and the employment of adequate discipline strategies. Swedish norms for self-rated ERQs are also presented. Study III investigated the Parental Knowledge and Monitoring Scale (PKMS), which was shown to be a useful instrument for assessing parental knowledge and its sources. Family climate appears to moderate important relationships between parental knowledge and conduct problems with implications for such things as family interventions. Finally, a person-oriented analysis was used in Study IV to subtype the children according to combinations of prosocial behavior and EBP, such as different levels of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and/or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) behaviors. Despite being a heterogeneous group of children with EBP, they were meaningfully grouped into significantly different profiles. Both FCU and iComet resulted in post-treatment measurement within non-clinical range for three of the five profiles. The two profiles that included high levels of ADHD behaviors at baseline assessment continued to have residual symptoms post intervention.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Björnsdotter, Annika, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Psychometric properties of online administered parental Strengths and Difficulties Questionnarie (SDQ), and normative data based on combined online and paper-and-pencil administration
- 2013
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In: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1753-2000. ; 7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectiveTo examine the psychometric properties of the online administered parental version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and to provide parental norms from a nationwide Swedish sample.MethodsA total of 1443 parents from of a national probability sample of 2800 children aged 10-13 years completed the SDQ online or as usual (i.e., using paper-and-pencil).ResultsThe SDQ subscales obtained from the online administration showed high internal consistency (polychoric ordinal alpha), and confirmatory factor analysis of the SDQ five factor model resulted in excellent fit. The Total Difficulties score of the SDQ and its other subscales were significantly related to the Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD) rating scale. Norms for the parent version of SDQ obtained from the Internet were identical to those collected using paper-and-pencil. They were thus combined and are presented sorted by child gender and age.ConclusionsThe SDQ seems to be a reliable and valid instrument given its high internal consistency, clear factor structure and high correlation with other instruments capturing the intended constructs. Findings in the present study support its use for online data collection, as well as using norms obtained through paper-and-pencil-administration even when SDQ has been administrated online.
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| 18. |
- Björnsdotter, Annika, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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The Importance of Parental Knowledge
- 2013
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Poor parenting is an important risk factor for development of conduct problems in children and adolescents. Inadequate parental monitoring is an example of a negative parenting behavior that has been shown to predict child conduct problems Findings from previous research on parental monitoring has been mixed due to the use of inconsistent and vague definitions. However, later research suggests that it is "parental knowledge" rather than "parental monitoring" that is associated with child and adolescent conduct problems. In the present study, we used an existing questionnaire that measures three possible sources of parental knowledge: child disclosure, parental solicitation and parental control. Our aims were to 1) examine the factor structure of a parenting monitoring/knowledge scale, 2) analyze if a high level of child disclosure and parental control as well as a low level of parental solicitation were associated to low conduct problems, 3) examine if a measure of family warmth correlates with child disclosure, and 4) whether parental knowledge mediates the relation between parental warmth and conduct problems. Parents of a national probability sample of 2800 children aged 10-13 years old were asked to complete a survey including these different scales. A total of 1446 parents completed the questionnaires. Brief description Analysis of the importance of parental knowledge regarding child disruptive behavior using an existing questionnaire that measures parental knowledge through three possible sources: child disclosure, parental solicitation and parental control.
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| 19. |
- Björnsdotter, Annika, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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The Parental Knowledge and Monitoring Scale : Psychometrics and relations to conduct problems
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study investigated psychometrics (internal consistency, factor structure) of the Parental Knowledge and Monitoring Scale (PKMS) when used for parents of children aged 10-13 years. We also evaluated PKMS associations to child conduct problems and potential moderators (family warmth, and conflict). Totally 1442 parents participated. The internal consistencies ranged from alpha .70 to .90. A confirmatory factor analysis of the sources of parental knowledge resulted in a fairly acceptable fit for a 4-factor model (Parental Solicitation, Parental Control, Child Disclosure, and Secrecy: RMSEA=.076, CFI=.99, GFI=.94). The subscales correlated positively (Secrecy negatively) with Parental Knowledge. Secrecy was associated with conduct problems in a hierarchical regression analysis. Family warmth and conflict significantly moderated the association of parental knowledge to conduct problems.
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| 20. |
- Bohman, Benjamin, et al.
(author)
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Infrequent attention to dietary and physical activity behaviours in conversations in Swedish child health services
- 2013
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In: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 102:5, s. 520-524
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To investigate conversations between nurses and parents in Swedish child health services and to assess to what extent attention is directed towards dietary and physical activity behaviours in children.Methods: Twenty-three nurses audio-recorded one session each. Recordings were assessed and topics were classified according to predetermined categories.Results: The three most frequent topics of conversation concerned physical examinations of the child (30% of session time), talking to the child to establish or maintain contact and interest (15%), and development of language skills (12%). Dietary habits came on fourth place (10%), and physical activity ranked 14 (4%).Conclusion: Attention to dietary and physical activity behaviours in children is infrequent in Swedish child health services. Concern is raised about the efficacy of prevention efforts against childhood obesity.
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| 21. |
- Bohman, Benjamin, et al.
(author)
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Psychometric Properties of a New Measure of Parental Self-Efficacy for Promoting Healthy Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviors in Children
- 2013
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In: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1015-5759 .- 2151-2426. ; 29:4, s. 291-298
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a lack of validated measures of parental self-efficacy (PSE) covering both physical activity and dietary behaviors in children which can be used to prevent childhood obesity. This study developed a new measure of PSE for promoting healthy physical activity and dietary behaviors in children and assessed its psychometric properties. Participants were mothers (n = 2,232) with 3-year-old first-born children living in Stockholm, Sweden. The mothers responded to questionnaires measuring PSE, locus of control, and self-esteem. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a three-factor structure, interpreted as PSE for promoting healthy dietary behaviors in children (Factor 1), PSE for limit-setting of unhealthy dietary or physical activity behaviors in children (Factor 2), and PSE for promoting healthy physical activity behaviors in children (Factor 3). The factor model was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the new PSE measure were high; discriminant validity was adequate. The Parental Self-Efficacy for Promoting Healthy Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviors in Children Scale (PSEPAD) shows promise as a valuable instrument in childhood obesity prevention.
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| 22. |
- Bråthén Wijana, Moa, et al.
(author)
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Preliminary evaluation of an intensive integrated individual and family therapy model for self-harming adolescents
- 2018
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In: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 18:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To investigate the outcome of an integrated individual and family therapy (Intensive Contextual Treatment: ICT) in terms of reducing suffering and increasing functional adjustment among self-harming and/or suicidal adolescents with high symptom loads and their families. METHODS: Forty-nine self-harming and/or suicidal adolescents, Mage = 14.6, of predominantly Swedish origin and female gender (85.7%) participated with their parents. The study had a within group design with repeated measures at pre- and post-treatment, as well as six- and twelve-months follow-ups. Self-reports were used for the main outcomes; self-harm rates, suicide attempts, parent-reported days of inpatient/institutional care, internalized and externalized symptoms, perceived stress, emotion regulation, school hours and adjustment. Secondary outcomes were levels of reported expressed emotions within family dyads, as well as parental anxiety, depression and stress. RESULTS: From pre- to post-assessment, the adolescents reported significant reductions of self-harm (p = .001, d = 0.54) and suicide attempts (p < .0001, d = 1.38). Parent-reported days of inpatient/institutional care were reduced, as well as parent- and adolescent-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Furthermore, school attendance and adjustment were improved, and the adolescents reported experiencing less criticism while parents reported less emotional over-involvement. The results were maintained at follow-ups. CONCLUSIONS: The adolescents and the parents reported improvements for the main outcomes. This treatment appears promising in keeping the families in treatment and out of hospital, suggesting that an integrative approach may be beneficial and feasible for this group. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study has been approved 19/12 2011, by the regional review board in Stockholm (Dnr 2011/1593-31/5).
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| 23. |
- Dahlberg, Anton
(author)
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Capturing and addressing preschool children’s emotional and behavioural problems : Using parents’, teachers’ and children’s perspectives
- 2021
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Emotional and behavioural problems (EBP) are among the most common mental health problems in preschool children. EBP are also associated with poor parent mental health. Untreated, EBP can persist or worsen over time. In order to capture and address preschool children’s EBP, we need scientifically valid instruments that can access the perspectives of informants from different contexts of the child. We also need cut-off values for questionnaires assessing EBP that are representative of the population. Parenting support is a recommended intervention for addressing EBP in preschool children. Most parenting support programmes have a solid evidence-base and show positive effects on child EBP and parent wellbeing. However, we need a better understanding of the children’s emotional and relational experiences, especially in relation to their parents. Further, although the implementation of evidence-based interventions is a complex matter with substantial impact on intervention success, few studies assess the implementation process of parenting programmes. The studies constituting this thesis focused on preschool children. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was assessed for capturing EBP. Study I assessed the construct validity of the SDQ and its five subscales, when rated by fathers and preschool teachers. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to evaluate construct validity. Results indicated that the SDQ can be used as an instrument to measure EBP in preschool children, rated by parents and preschool teachers. In study II, we established Swedish norms for the SDQ for preschool children. Results suggested lower SDQ cut-offs for Swedish preschool children compared with other countries, and higher cut-offs for boys compared with girls. In study III, preschool children whose parents participated in a parenting programme were interviewed regarding their emotional and relational experiences at home. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The children provided accounts of negative and positive interactions with their parents, elaborately describing a coercive cycle with escalating conflicts and lack of problem resolution. In study IV, the implementation of the parenting programme Triple P in a preschool setting was assessed using the RE-AIM framework. Results indicated a successful implementation that relied on customisation of the programme; assessment of the process from parent, staff, and organisation levels; interdisciplinary collaboration; and continuous work on securing maintenance over time. This thesis provides pieces to a complex puzzle of understanding and addressing child mental health problems, particularly EBP. Assessing EBP from different perspectives and promoting children’s voices are essential, as well as actively working with the implementation of evidence-based programmes.
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| 24. |
- Dahlberg, Anton, et al.
(author)
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SDQ in the Hands of Fathers and Preschool Teachers : Psychometric Properties in a Non-clinical Sample of 3-5-Year-Olds
- 2019
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In: Child Psychiatry and Human Development. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0009-398X .- 1573-3327. ; 50:1, s. 132-141
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a well-established instrument for measuring social and behavioural problems among children, with good psychometric properties for older children, but less validity reports on pre-schoolers. In addition, there is a knowledge gap concerning fathers as informants. The present work is one of the few validity studies to include preschool teachers and the first on preschool children where fathers are included as separate informants. In this study, SDQs were collected from a large community sample (n = 17,752) of children aged 3-5, rated by mothers, fathers, and preschool teachers and analysed using confirmatory factor analysis. Our results revealed acceptable fit for all informant groups and measurement invariance across child gender, child age, and parental education level. Our findings suggest good construct validity of the SDQ for a non-clinical preschool population and imply that it may be used for assessing child behaviour problems from different informant perspectives.
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| 25. |
- Dahlberg, Anton, et al.
(author)
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Swedish norms for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for children 3-5 years rated by parents and preschool teachers
- 2020
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 61:2, s. 253-261
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a widespread tool for assessing behavior problems in children and adolescents. Despite being investigated thoroughly concerning both validity and reliability, peer reviewed studies that provide norms, especially for preschool children, are lacking. This paper provides Swedish norms using data from a large community sample of children aged 3-5, based on mothers', fathers', and preschool teacher's ratings. Preschool teachers' ratings were generally lower than parents' ratings, which contradicts some previous studies. Differences between girls and boys were found, suggesting that boys display higher levels of behavior problems. Lower parental education and country of origin outside of Sweden were also associated with more difficulties. Cut-offs are presented for each age group, gender and rater category. Population-specific norms and percentile cut-offs provided in this study facilitate identifying children in need of interventions in paediatric care and enable cross-country comparisons of children's mental health problems.
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| 26. |
- de Man Lapidoth, Joakim, et al.
(author)
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A comparison of eating disorders among patients receiving surgical vs non-surgical weight-loss treatments
- 2008
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In: Obesity Surgery. - Berlin : Springer. - 0960-8923 .- 1708-0428. ; 18:6, s. 715-720
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Little is known about differences between patients in surgical and non-surgical weight-loss treatments (WLT) regarding eating disorders, level of general psychopathology, and health-related quality of life (HRQL). Such differences could indicate different clinical needs in the management of surgical compared to non-surgical WLT patients. METHODS: Participants were a subset of 100 patients from a Swedish study investigating the long-term effects of eating disorders in WLT. Participants filled out the Eating Disorders in Obesity Questionnaire as well as self-rating questionnaires of general psychopathology and HRQL before initiating surgical (n = 54) or non-surgical (n = 46) WLT. RESULTS: Eating disorders were found to be more common among patients accepted for surgical treatments, whereas binge eating (as a symptom) was found to be equally common in both groups. Surgical patients also indicated higher levels of psychopathology compared to those receiving non-surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: Patients in surgical WLT are younger, more obese, and indicate higher levels of eating disorders and psychopathology than non-surgical WLT patients. Results highlight the importance of surgical WLT units having adequate knowledge, resources, and methods for detecting and addressing issues of eating disorders and psychopathology before and during the WLT. Future longitudinal studies need to ascertain to what extent eating and general psychopathology influence the outcome of WLT in terms of lapses, complications, weight gain, quality of life, etc.
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| 27. |
- de Man Lapidoth, Joakim
(author)
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Binge eating and obesity treatment : prevalence, measurement and long-term outcome
- 2009
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Eating disorders and binge eating has repeatedly been shown to be common in surgical and behavioural weight loss treatments. Due to methodological variations and shortcomings in previous research, there is insufficient information about how eating disorders and binge eating are associated with outcome in weight loss treatments. There is therefore no consensus on how eating pathology should be adressed in weight loss treatments, which has led to large differences in the clinical practice. The main aim of this thesis was to address the issues of eating disorders and binge eating in weight loss treatments, and to investigate how binge eating is associated with long-term treatment outcome.
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| 28. |
- de Man Lapidoth, Joakim, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Binge eating in surgical weight-loss treatments : long-term associations with weight loss, health related quality of life (HRQL), and psychopathology
- 2011
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In: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Editrice Kurtis S R L. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 16:4, s. E263-E269
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Studies that have investigated the relationship between binge eating and the long-term outcome of bariatric surgery have shown mixed results. Does binge eating affect long-term BMI, health-related quality of life (HRQL), or psychopathology after surgery?METHODS: We assessed 173 bariatric patients before and three years after weight loss surgery with regard to weight, binge eating, HRQL, and psychopathology.RESULTS: Binge eating before and after weight loss surgery was unrelated to long-term BMI outcome. Binge eating after weight loss surgery was associated with more psychopathology and lower HRQL.CONCLUSIONS: Binge eating before or after weight loss surgery does not predict long-term BMI outcome. Therefore, exclusions from surgery for this reason alone are difficult to motivate. However, results show that binge eating after weight loss surgery is common and is associated with more psychopathology and lower HRQL, which might increase the vulnerability for future weight regain and complications beyond the follow-up period of the present study. The high rate of binge eating after surgery and its negative association with HRQL and psychopathology suggest that we need to be observant of the occurrence and potential effects of binge eating in the context of bariatric surgery.
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| 29. |
- de Man Lapidoth, Joakim, et al.
(author)
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Eating disorders and disordered eating among patients seeking non-surgical weight-loss treatment in Sweden
- 2006
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In: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 7:1, s. 15-26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this cross-sectional descriptive study of 194 Swedish men and women seeking non-surgical weight-loss treatment was to investigate the presence of eating disorders and binge eating symptoms and to compare these two groups of patients with a group without eating disorder- or binge eating symptoms. The groups were compared in regard to co-morbid psychopathology, Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) and anthropometric data. Of the total sample, 9.8% fulfilled criteria for any eating disorder. An additional 7.2% indicated binge eating symptoms without having an eating disorder. The three groups were significantly different in regard to psychopathology scales and most HRQL items. Eating disorders and binge eating symptoms are common among patients seeking non-surgical weight-loss treatments in Sweden and both groups showed elevated levels of co-morbid psychopathology and lower HRQL compared to patients without disordered eating. These findings point to the importance of assessing the full range of eating disorder symptoms and disorders as well as HRQL and co-morbid psychopathology before weight-loss treatment, as these factors might affect treatment outcome.
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| 30. |
- De Man Lapidoth, Joakim, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Psychometric properties of the Eating Disorders in Obesity questionnaire : Validating against the Eating Disorder Examination interview
- 2007
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In: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Editrice Kurtis s.r.l.. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 12:4, s. 168-175
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inconclusive results of how weight-loss treatment (WLT) results are affected by participants' eating disorders and/or binge eating are partly due to the variation caused by the multitude of assessment instruments used. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a short DSM-IV-based assessment instrument designed to be used specifically in WLT settings, the Eating Disorders in Obesity (EDO) questionnaire. Participants were 97 patients seeking WLT at four surgical and one non-surgical clinics. Participants were assessed by the EDO and the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview . The validity and reliability of the EDO was measured as concordance with the EDE, and test-retest agreement of the EDO, respectively. Validity as well as reliability was found to be good for both eating disorders diagnoses and binge eating as a distinct symptom. Results suggest that the EDO is a short, easily administered instrument with good psychometric properties which makes it a suitable, economical method of assessing eating disorders and binge eating in clinical WLT settings. ©2007, Editrice Kurtis.
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| 31. |
- Doring, Nora, et al.
(author)
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Primary prevention of childhood obesity through counselling sessions at Swedish child health centres : design, methods and baseline sample characteristics of the PRIMROSE cluster-randomised trial
- 2014
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In: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 14:335
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Childhood obesity is a growing concern in Sweden. Children with overweight and obesity run a high risk of becoming obese as adults, and are likely to develop comorbidities. Despite the immense demand, there is still a lack of evidence-based comprehensive prevention programmes targeting pre-school children and their families in primary health care settings. The aims are to describe the design and methodology of the PRIMROSE cluster-randomised controlled trial, assess the relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire, and describe the baseline characteristics of the eligible young children and their mothers. Methods/Design: The PRIMROSE trial targets first-time parents and their children at Swedish child health centres (CHC) in eight counties in Sweden. Randomisation is conducted at the CHC unit level. CHC nurses employed at the participating CHC received training in carrying out the intervention alongside their provision of regular services. The intervention programme, starting when the child is 8-9 months of age and ending at age 4, is based on social cognitive theory and employs motivational interviewing. Primary outcomes are children's body mass index and waist circumference at four years. Secondary outcomes are children's and mothers' eating habits (assessed by a food frequency questionnaire), and children's and mothers' physical activity (measured by accelerometer and a validated questionnaire), and mothers' body mass index and waist circumference. Discussion: The on-going population-based PRIMROSE trial, which targets childhood obesity, is embedded in the regular national (routine) preventive child health services that are available free-of-charge to all young families in Sweden. Of the participants (n = 1369), 489 intervention and 550 control mothers (75.9%) responded to the validated physical activity and food frequency questionnaire at baseline (i.e., before the first intervention session, or, for children in the control group, before they reached 10 months of age). The food frequency questionnaire showed acceptable relative validity when compared with an 8-day food diary. We are not aware of any previous RCT, concerned with the primary prevention of childhood obesity through sessions at CHC that addresses healthy eating habits and physical activity in the context of a routine child health services programme.
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| 32. |
- Enebrink, Pia, et al.
(author)
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Internet-based parent management training : A randomized controlled study
- 2012
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In: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 50:4, s. 240-249
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The current study evaluated the efficacy of an Internet-based parent-training program for children with conduct problems. Dose-response ratio and costs for the program were also considered. Method: Parents of 104 children (aged 3-12 years) were randomly allocated to either parent training or a waitlist control condition. Diagnostic assessment was conducted at baseline and parent ratings of child externalizing behaviors and parent strategies were completed before and after treatment and at 6-month follow-up. Results: At post-treatment assessment, children whose parent(s) had received the intervention showed a greater reduction in conduct problems compared to the waitlist children. Between group intent-to-treat effect sizes (Cohen's d) on the Eyberg Intensity and Problem scales were .42 and .72, respectively (study completers .66 and 1.08). In addition, parents in the intervention group reported less use of harsh and inconsistent discipline after the treatment, as well as more positive praise. Effects on behavior problems were maintained at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: The results support the efficacy of parent training, administered through Internet, with outcomes comparable to many of the group-based parent training programs. The efficacy, low cost, and higher accessibility make this intervention a fitting part in a stepped-care model.
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| 33. |
- Enebrink, Pia, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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The emotion regulation questionnaire : Psychometric properties and norms for Swedish parents of children aged 10-13 years
- 2013
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In: Europe's Journal of Psychology. - : Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID). - 1841-0413. ; 9:2, s. 289-303
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study evaluated the internal consistency and factor structure of the Swedish version of the 10-item Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and its relation to family warmth and conflict, marital satisfaction, and parental discipline strategies, in addition to obtaining norms from the general population of parents of children aged 10-13 years. The ERQ has two subscales measuring an individual’s use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression as emotion regulation strategies. A random non-referred sample of parents of 1433 children aged 10-13 years completed the ERQ and other questions targeting the family functioning and couple adjustment (Warmth/Conflict in the family; Dyadic Adjustment Scale-short form) and parental strategies (Parent Practices Interview). The results indicated adequate internal consistencies (Cronbach’s alpha) of the two subscales (cognitive reappraisal .81; expressive suppression .73). Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in close to acceptable fit (RMSEA = 0.089; CFI = 0.912; GFI = 0.93). Norms are presented as percentiles for mothers and fathers. The ERQ cognitive reappraisal scale correlated positively with marital adjustment (DAS), family warmth, appropriate discipline (PPI), and negatively with harsh discipline (PPI). The ERQ expressive suppression subscale was negatively correlated with marital satisfaction (DAS) and family warmth, and positively with harsh discipline (PPI). To conclude, this study showed the adequate reliability and construct validity of the ERQ in a large sample of Swedish parents. Specific use of suppression or reappraisal as a parental emotion regulation strategy was related to couple satisfaction, warmth in the family and employment of adequate discipline strategies in expected direction.
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| 34. |
- Enö Persson, Johanna, et al.
(author)
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Experiences of nurses and coordinators in a childhood obesity prevention trial based on motivational interviewing within Swedish child health services
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 17:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To explore the experiences of nurses and coordinators in the PRIMROSE childhood obesity prevention trial, and to understand the factors that might help to improve the outcome of future primary prevention of obesity.Methods: Using a qualitative approach, data were obtained by interviewing nine intervention nurses and three regional study coordinators. All participants were female. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using content analysis.Results: Two themes emerged: The nurses experienced that it was rewarding to participate in the trial, but challenging to combine the intervention with regular work; and The study coordinators experienced that they were in a difficult position handling the conflicting needs of the research group and the nurses' commitment to usual child health care services. The importance of support, encouragement, briefer and simpler intervention, and adaptation of the training in motivational interviewing to the setting was emphasized. Stress and lack of time were major barriers to deliver the intervention as intended.Conclusions: Although the PRIMROSE intervention was developed in collaboration with representatives from the child health services, and additional research funding was provided to compensate for time spent working with the trial, nurses experienced stress and time constraints.
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| 35. |
- Enö Persson, Johanna, et al.
(author)
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Prevention of Childhood Obesity in Child Health Services : Follow-Up of the PRIMROSE Trial
- 2018
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In: Childhood Obesity. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 2153-2168 .- 2153-2176. ; 14:2, s. 99-105
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Childhood obesity is an urgent public health concern, and there's a need for long-term, high-quality, primary prevention trials targeting parents of young children. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the long-term effect of a parental support program based on motivational interviewing (MI). Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out in eight Swedish counties. Participating families (N = 1355) were enrolled when the child was 9 months old, and participated in nine sessions during ∼39 months. The aim was to pomote healthy food and physical activity (PA) habits using MI and principles from cognitive behavioral therapy. Nurses in Swedish child health services delivered the intervention, and the control group received usual healthcare. The current study was a 1-year follow-up of effects on children's weight-related measures. Regression analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equations, including analyses to investigate potential parental moderators of the effect. Results: There were no statistically significant intervention effects at follow-up [BMI difference = -0.13, p = 0.29, overweight relative risk (RR) = 0.96, p = 0.78, obesity RR = 0.57, p = 0.20]. Maternal waist circumference and unhealthy eating and paternal PA moderated the effect, but effects were small and failed to reach statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: A parent-focused primary prevention intervention based on MI delivered within child health services did not result in effects at 1-year follow-up. The results were in line with those obtained at post-assessment and indicated no late onset of effect. Further studies exploring individual and contextual factors influencing the outcome are called for.
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| 36. |
- Finnes, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Cost-Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and a Workplace Intervention for Employees on Sickness Absence due to Mental Disorders.
- 2017
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In: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 59:12, s. 1211-1220
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate cost-effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and workplace dialogue intervention (WDI), both as stand-alone interventions and in combination, compared with treatment as usual (TAU), for employees on sickness absence with mental disorders.METHODS: Employees (n = 352, 78.4% females) on sickness absence were randomized to one of four groups. Cost-utility analyses were conducted from a health care perspective and a limited societal perspective.RESULTS: All groups reported significant improvements in health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) and there were no significant differences in HRQoL or costs between groups. The probability of cost-effectiveness for ACT+WDI was 50% compared with ACT, indicating that both treatment alternatives could be considered equally favorable for decision-makers. TAU and WDI were rejected due to less economic efficiency.CONCLUSION: Adding WDI to ACT cannot be recommended on the basis of our study results.
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| 37. |
- Finnes, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Economic evaluation of return-to-work interventions for mental disorder-related sickness absence : two years follow-up of a randomized clinical trial
- 2022
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 48:4, s. 264-272
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The objective was to (i) assess the long-term cost-effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), a workplace dialog intervention (WDI), and ACT+WDI compared to treatment as usual (TAU) for common mental disorders and (ii) investigate any differences in cost-effectiveness between diagnostic groups.METHODS: An economic evaluation from the healthcare and limited welfare perspectives was conducted alongside a randomized clinical trial with a two-year follow-up period. Persons with common mental disorders receiving sickness benefits were invited to the trial. We used registry data for cost analysis alongside participant data collected during the trial and the reduction in sickness absence days as treatment effect. A total of 264 participants with a diagnosis of depression, anxiety, or stress-induced exhaustion disorder participated in a two-year follow-up of a four-arm trial: ACT (N=74), WDI (N=60), ACT+WDI (N=70), and TAU (N=60).RESULTS: For all patients in general, there were no statistically significant differences between interventions in terms of costs or effect. The subgroup analyses suggested that from a healthcare perspective, ACT was a cost-effective option for depression or anxiety disorders and ACT+WDI for stress-induced exhaustion disorder. With a two-year time horizon, the probability of WDI to be cost-saving in terms of sickness benefits costs was 80% compared with TAU.CONCLUSIONS: ACT had a high probability of cost-effectiveness from a healthcare perspective for employees on sick leave due to depression or anxiety disorders. For participants with stress-induced exhaustion disorder, adding WDI to ACT seems to reduce healthcare costs, while WDI as a stand-alone intervention seems to reduce welfare costs.
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| 38. |
- Finnes, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Psychological treatments for return to work in individuals on sickness absence due to common mental disorders or musculoskeletal disorders : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials
- 2019
-
In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 92:3, s. 273-293
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Common mental disorders (CMDs) and musculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent in the population and cause significant distress and disability, and high costs to society. The main objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the outcome and comparative effectiveness of psychological interventions in reducing sickness absence (SA) due to CMDs or musculoskeletal disorders, compared to a waitlist control group, usual care or another clinical intervention.Methods: We reviewed 3515 abstracts of randomized controlled trials published from 1998 to 2017. Of these, 30 studies were included in the analysis.Results: The psychological interventions were overall more effective than treatment as usual in reducing SA (small effect sizes), but not compared to other clinical interventions. Results were similar for studies on CMDs and musculoskeletal pain. A few significant moderating effects were found for treatment-specific variables. However, these were difficult to interpret as they pointed in different directions.Conclusion: There was a small but significant effect of psychological treatments in reducing SA. We identified areas of improvement such as methodological problems among the included studies and failure to specifically address RTW in the interventions that were evaluated. Clinical implications of the findings, and ways of improving methodological rigour of future studies are discussed.
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| 39. |
- Finnes, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Randomized Controlled Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and a Workplace Intervention for Sickness Absence Due to Mental Disorders.
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. - : Educational Publishing Foundation. - 1076-8998 .- 1939-1307. ; 24:1, s. 198-212
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mental disorders contribute to high rates of sickness absence (SA) and impaired work functioning. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of 3 interventions targeting SA of workers. Participants (n = 352; 78.4% females) of working age with current employment, and SA due to depression, anxiety disorders, or exhaustion disorder, were recruited to the study and randomized to (a) acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), (b) a workplace dialogue intervention (WDI), (c) a combination of ACT and WDI, or (d) treatment as usual (TAU). For SA days, there was a significant interaction effect for the follow-up period, in which ACT + WDI generated more SA compared with TAU. When diagnostic group was included as a moderator, participants with exhaustion disorder had less SA days in the WDI group compared with TAU. For symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress-related ill health, there were significant interaction effects for ACT and ACT + WDI, when compared with TAU, from pre- to postmeasurement (small to moderate between-groups effect sizes). Within-group effect sizes pre- to postmeasurement (Cohen’s d) ranged from .55 to 1.17 (ACT), .40 to .94 (WDI), .26 to 1.13 (ACT + WI), and −.06 to .70 (TAU). There were no differences between groups during follow-up for symptoms.
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| 40. |
- Ghaderi, Ata, et al.
(author)
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A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effectiveness of Virtually Delivered Body Project (vBP) Groups to Prevent Eating Disorders
- 2020
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In: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0022-006X .- 1939-2117. ; 88:7, s. 643-656
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of Body Project groups delivered virtually (vBP) by peer educators for prevention of eating disorders. Method: In a randomized controlled trial vBP groups (N = 149) were compared with a placebo (expressive writing, EW: N = 148) over 24-month follow-up and to a waitlist control condition (N = 146) over 6-month follow-up among females (15-20 years old) with body image concerns. The primary outcome was incidence of eating disorder onset over 2-year follow-up measured by blinded diagnostic interviews. Waitlist participants were offered the vBP after 6 months. Results: The incidence of eating disorders onset over 24 months follow up were 3 in vBP (2.0%) and 13 in EW (8.8%), a significant difference; Hazard Ratio (Experiment B) = 0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.075, 0.92], p = .037. Incidence of eating disorder onset in vBP participants was 77% less than in EW participants. The vBP participants generally showed significantly greater reduction in eating disorder symptoms, clinical impairment, body dissatisfaction, and internalization of thin ideal compared with the waitlist participants at postintervention and 6-month follow-up, and in eating disorder symptoms, restraint, body dissatisfaction, and internalization of thin ideal compared with the EW participants at postintervention, and 6-, 12-, 18-, or 24-months follow-up. EW participants reported significantly greater reduction in clinical impairment and body dissatisfaction at postintervention compared with the waitlist participants. Conclusions: The present reduction in the incidence of eating disorders is notable given that the intervention was implemented virtually, rather than in-person. The vBP might be a viable option for future evaluation of scalable prevention of eating disorders.
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| 41. |
- Ghaderi, Ata, et al.
(author)
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Anonymous Online Survey on Disordered Eating, Drive for Muscularity, Sexual Orientation, and Satisfaction with Life in Young Swedish Males
- 2022
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In: Archives of Sexual Behavior. - : Springer. - 0004-0002 .- 1573-2800. ; 51, s. 3457-3465
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Psychiatric conditions in general, including eating disorders, are stigmatizing conditions. The stigma of eating disorders is even more pronounced among males. We conducted an anonymous, online survey to explore the feasibility of recruiting participants for collecting sensitive information, and the relation among eating disorders, drive for muscularity, satisfaction with life, and sexual preference in males (N = 824) aged 15-30 years in Sweden. Internet survey method was a feasible way of recruiting males and obtaining sensitive information. Drive for muscularity was positively related to eating psychopathology. Interestingly, only the attitudinal aspect of the drive for muscularity was negatively related to satisfaction with life, whereas the behavioral component of the drive for muscularity was unrelated to quality of life. Drive for muscularity and disordered eating were not significantly different across participants with various sexual orientations. Our findings corroborate and extend previous research by using an anonymous Internet-based survey that may be less contaminated by social desirability or reporting bias due to the sensitivity of some of the questions.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Ghaderi, Ata, et al.
(author)
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Coping in dieting and eating disorders : A population-based study
- 2000
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In: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 188:5, s. 273-279
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The use of different coping strategies, measured by the Ways of Coping Questionnaire was investigated among 1157 women (18 to 30 years), randomly selected from the general population of Sweden as part of a longitudinal study. Subjects were clustered into five groups: subjects with past or current eating disorders (ED), and subjects with no ED but with past, current, or no history of dieting. Subjects with past or current ED reported significantly higher levels of escape avoidance and lower levels of seeking social support and purposeful problem solving compared with subjects with neither ED nor dieting. These group comparisons were then reanalyzed with sum of depressive symptoms as a covariate in covariate analyses. The only significant difference between the groups concerned the use of escape avoidance. The significant differences in the use of escape-avoidance strategies may motivate more extensive training in coping in the context of prevention and treatment of ED and maladaptive dieting.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Ghaderi, Ata
(author)
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Eating disorders : Prevalence, incidence, and prospective risk factors for eating disorders among young adult women in the general population
- 2001
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Eating disorders (ED) constitute a significant source of psychiatric morbidity and are an important public health concern in Western societies. Knowledge about risk factors for ED is crucial for early detection and implementation of preventive interventions. The aim of the present thesis was to examine the prevalence, incidence, correlates, and the risk factors for ED among 1,157 young adult women in the general population. The studies in the thesis used a prospective design with the potential of addressing methodological limitations in earlier research.In Study I, conducted in 1997, the lifetime and point prevalence of DSM-IV-based diagnoses of ED was, respectively, 7.85% and 2.59%. Participants with ED reported higher body dissatisfaction, lower perceived social support from the family, and lower self-esteem compared to participants with no ED. In Study II, it was shown that highest relative use of escape-avoidance coping was reported among participants with ED, followed by dieting participants with no ED, and least among those neither dieting nor with ED. In Study III, (i.e., the follow-up in 1999), the point prevalence of ED was 3.15% and the cumulative 2-year first time incidence was .0105 (n=8). The total incidence group (n=34), as compared to the participants with no ED (controls, n=643), reported significantly lower premorbid self-esteem, and perceived social support from the family and higher body dissatisfaction, higher relative use of escape-avoidance coping, and dieting. Furthermore, the incidence group reported a significant increase in body dissatisfaction and relative use of escape-avoidance coping, and a significant decrease in self-esteem as compared to controls from 1997 to 1999. In Study IV, it was shown that the Survey for Eating Disorders is a reliable and valid self-report questionnaire for the screening of ED and case ascertainment. In conclusion, it is suggested that premorbid low self-esteem, perceived low social support, high body dissatisfaction, high relative use of escape-avoidance coping, and dieting be regarded as risk factors for a later development of ED among young adult women. It is also proposed that more attention be devoted to these factors both in designing prevention interventions and in refining current treatments.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Ghaderi, Ata, et al.
(author)
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Imagery Rescripting for Reducing Body Image Dissatisfaction : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2022
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In: Cognitive Therapy and Research. - : Springer. - 0147-5916 .- 1573-2819. ; 46:4, s. 721-734
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Brief, innovative, mechanistically-driven psychological treatments for body dissatisfaction are needed. We aimed to explore the occurrence of body-related mental images among females reporting a subjective sense of body dissatisfaction (study 1), and to investigate the potential efficacy of a single session of imagery rescripting (ImRS) to reduce body dissatisfaction (Study 2: pilot; Study 3 randomized controlled trial). Methods and Results In study 1 (n = 31), participants reported occurrence of both positive and negative body-related mental imagery. Frequency of body-related mental imagery and negative valence of such images were significantly related to body dissatisfaction. The pilot trial (n = 63) indicated feasibility, whereby ImRS of a distressing body-related mental image significantly reduced the believability, vividness, negative affect and distress of the image within-session and one-week post-session versus an active placebo condition (Expressive writing about body related thoughts and emotions). However, ImRS did not result in significant changes in body dissatisfaction. Study 3 was a randomized controlled trial (n = 113) with 3 conditions-ImRS, Expressive writing, and wait-list control. ImRS resulted in a significant reduction of vividness, controllability and negative affect caused by the image compared to Expressive writing condition, after the intervention. However, there were no significant reductions in body dissatisfaction from baseline to 1-week assessment, nor in post-hoc analyses at the 1-month follow-up. Findings suggest that a single session of imagery rescripting seems to alleviate the negative properties of the image (i.e., has proximal effects as hypothesized in our mechanistic account), but does not bring about a significant change in body dissatisfaction (i.e., transfer downstream to more distal effects). Conclusions Given some promising effects of ImRS on negative body-related emotions, but lack of a downstream effect on body dissatisfaction itself, further investigation of the format, dose and focus of ImRS in this context is warranted.
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| 50. |
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