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- Krebs, C. J., et al.
(author)
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Synchrony in lemming and vole populations in the Canadian Arctic
- 2002
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In: Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie. ; 80:8, s. 1323-1333
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Population fluctuations may occur in synchrony among several rodent species at a given site, and they may occur in synchrony over large geographical areas. We summarize information on synchrony in lemmings and voles from the Canadian Arctic for the past 20 years. The most detailed available information is from the central Canadian Arctic, where snap-trap samples have been taken annually at several sites for periods of up to 15 years. Geographical synchrony in the same species among different sites was strong, especially for the central and eastern Canadian Arctic. Synchrony among different species at a given site was also generally high. When one species is at high density, densities of all species at that site tend to be high. These results do not easily fit the mobile-predator hypothesis proposed to explain regional synchrony, and are more consistent with the weather hypothesis, which we suggest both entrains synchrony among sites and enforces synchrony among species within a site. We tentatively support the weather hypothesis for geographical synchrony in lemmings, and recommend the establishment of a circumpolar program to monitor lemming cycles and predator movements that would advance our understanding of these large-scale patterns of cyclic synchrony.
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- Dolev, Shlomi, et al.
(author)
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Virtual Mobile Nodes for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
- 2004
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- One of the most significant challenges introduced by mobile networks is the difficulty in coping with the unpredictable movement of mobile nodes. If, instead, the mobile nodes could be programmed to travel through the world in a predictable and useful manner, the task of designing algorithms for mobile networks would be significantly simplified. Alas, users of mobile devices in the real world are not amenable to following instructions as to where their devices may travel. While real mobile nodes may be disinclined to move as desired, we propose executing algorithms on virtual mobile nodes that move in a predetermined, predictable, manner through the real world. In this paper, we define the Virtual Mobile Node Abstraction, and present selected algorithms that take advantage of virtual mobile nodes to simply and efficiently perform complicated tasks in highly dynamic, unpredictable mobile ad hoc networks. We then present the Mobile Point Emulator, a new algorithm that implements robust virtual mobile nodes. This algorithm replicates the virtual node at a constantly changing set of real nodes, choosing new replicas as the real nodes move in and out of the path of the virtual node. We claim that the Mobile Point algorithm correctly implements a virtual mobile node, and that it is robust as long as the virtual node travels through well-populated areas of the network.
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- Travis, Lois B, et al.
(author)
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Breast cancer following radiotherapy and chemotherapy among young women with Hodgkin disease
- 2003
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In: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 290:4, s. 465-475
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- CONTEXT: Second cancer is the leading cause of death in long-term survivors of Hodgkin disease (HD), with exceptionally high risks of breast cancer among women treated at a young age. Quantitative associations between radiotherapy dose delivered to the breast and administered chemotherapy have not been reported to date in large series, nor has the influence of ovarian exposures on subsequent risk.OBJECTIVE: To quantify the long-term risk of breast cancer associated with use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy to treat young women with HD.DESIGN, SETTING, AND SUBJECTS: Matched case-control study of breast cancer within a cohort of 3817 female 1-year survivors of HD diagnosed at age 30 years or younger, between January 1, 1965, and December 31, 1994, and within 6 population-based cancer registries. The study was conducted March 1, 1996, through September 30, 1998.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative risk (RR) of breast cancer associated with radiation dose delivered to site of breast cancer or to ovaries and with cumulative dose of alkylating agents.RESULTS: Breast cancer occurred in 105 patients with HD who were matched to 266 patients with HD but without breast cancer. A radiation dose of 4 Gy or more delivered to the breast was associated with a 3.2-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-8.2) increased risk, compared with the risk in patients who received lower doses and no alkylating agents. Risk increased to 8-fold (95% CI, 2.6-26.4) with a dose of more than 40 Gy (P<.001 for trend). Radiation risk did not vary appreciably by age at exposure or reproductive history. Increased risks persisted for 25 or more years following radiotherapy (RR, 2.3; 95% CI, 0.5-16.5; P =.03 for trend with dose). Treatment with alkylating agents alone resulted in a reduced risk (RR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.2-2.0) of breast cancer, and combined alkylating agents and radiotherapy in a 1.4-fold (95% CI, 0.6-3.5) increased risk. Risk of breast cancer decreased with increasing number of alkylating agent cycles (P =.003 for trend). Risk also was low (RR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.1-1.1) among women who received 5 Gy or more delivered to ovaries compared with those who received lower doses.CONCLUSIONS: Hormonal stimulation appears important for the development of radiation-induced breast cancer, as evidenced by the reduced risk associated with ovarian damage from alkylating agents or radiation. The high radiation-related risk, which did not diminish at the highest doses or the longest follow-up, however, suggests the need for lifetime surveillance and programs of patient and public awareness.
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- Örnebro, Jörgen, et al.
(author)
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The behaviour of the high molecular-weight glutenin subunit 1Dx5, the 58 kDa central repetitive domain and a-gliadins at the air-aqueous interface.
- 2003
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In: Journal of Cereal Science. - 0733-5210. ; 38:2, s. 147-156
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The surface pressure–molecular area (–A) relationship for spread layers of the high molecular-weight glutenin subunit 1Dx5, a 58 kDa peptide derived from the central repetitive domain of the subunit, and an -gliadin fraction was measured by means of a surface film balance (Langmuir trough). The aqueous phase was a 10 mM acetate buffer, pH 4.0, either with or without 100 mM NaCl. Subunit 1Dx5 generated much higher surface pressures than the 58 kDa peptide, whereas the -gliadin fraction generally gave higher surface pressures than subunit 1Dx5. Furthermore, subunit 1Dx5, but not the 58 kDa peptide or the -gliadin fraction, formed a highly cohesive film. The differences in the interfacial behaviour of subunit 1Dx5 and the 58 kDa peptide were ascribed to significant hydrophobic interactions for the subunit. The reversibility of a compression–expansion cycle was generally greater for the second cycle than for the first. For subunit 1Dx5 and the -gliadins, but not the 58 kDa peptide, the reversibility was increased when NaCl was present in the aqueous phase.
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