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- Green, P G, et al.
(author)
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Sex steroid regulation of the inflammatory response : Sympathoadrenal dependence in the female rat
- 1999
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In: Journal of Neuroscience. - 0270-6474 .- 1529-2401. ; 19, s. 4082-4089
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To investigate the role of sex steroids in sex differences in the response of rats to the potent inflammatory mediator bradykinin (BK), we evaluated the effect of sex steroid manipulation on the magnitude of BK-induced synovial plasma extravasation (PE). The magnitude of BK-induced PE is markedly less in females. Ovariectomy of female rats increased BK-induced PE, and administration of 17 beta-estradiol to ovariectomized female rats reconstituted the female phenotype. Castration in male rats decreased BK-induced PE, and administration of testosterone or its nonmetabolizable analog dihydrotestosterone reconstituted the male phenotype. The results of these experiments strongly support the role of both male and female sex steroids in sex differences in the inflammatory response. Because the stress axes are sexually dimorphic and are important in the regulation of the inflammatory response, we evaluated the contribution of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and the sympathoadrenal axes to sex differences in BK-induced PE. Neither hypophysectomy nor inhibition of corticosteroid synthesis affected BK-induced PE in female or male rats. Adrenal denervation in females produced the same magnitude increase in BK-induced PE as adrenalectomy or ovariectomy, suggesting that the adrenal medullary factor(s) in females may account for the female sex steroid effect on BK-induced PE. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that in female but not male rats, estrogen receptor a! immunoreactivity is present on medullary but not cortical cells in the adrenal gland. These data suggest that regulation of the inflammatory response by female sex steroids is strongly dependent on the sympathoadrenal axis, possibly by its action on estrogen receptors on adrenal medullary cells.
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- Juhlin, Christopher, et al.
(author)
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Crustal structure of the Middle Urals: Results from the (ESRU) Europrobe seismic reflection profiling in the Urals experiments
- 1998
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In: Tectonics. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0278-7407 .- 1944-9194. ; 17:5, s. 710-725
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- As a contribution to Europrobe's seismic reflection profiling in the Urals (ESRU)project, three overlapping seismic reflection data sets were acquired in the Middle Urals. A 56 km long profile was registered over the Europe-Asia suture, two 25 km long intersecting profiles were collected over the Urals superdeep borehole (SG4), and an 80 km long profile was recorded eastward extending east toward the West Siberian Basin. Reflections on the seismic sections delineate several major middle to late Paleozoic thrust zones in the upper crust. These thrust zones have a bivergent geometry with westerly vergence west of the Uralian orogenic axis and easterly vergence to the east. The principal terrane boundaries are the Main Uralian Thrust Fault in the west and the Trans- Uralian Thrust Zone in the east. Normal faults are spatially associated with former thrust faults, or they crosscut them. The thrust and normal faults can be confidently correlated with surface geological features. Near-vertical and wide-angle seismic reflection profiling reveals thickening of the crust from about 45 km to approximately 53 km below the central axis of the Urals. East and west of the root zone, the lower crust is reflective, particularly toward the West Siberian Basin. We interpret the reflectivity of the crust below the East European Craton as pre-Uralian, whereas that toward the West Siberian Basin is interpreted as late orogenic. Although the principal tectonic features imaged by the seismic sections are probably of Paleozoic age, a post-Paleozoic origin for the lower crustal reflectivity in the east cannot be ruled out.
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