| 1. |
- Abildgaard, Lotte, et al.
(author)
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Optimal treatment intensity in children with Down syndrome and myeloid leukaemia: data from 56 children treated on NOPHO-AML protocols and a review of the literature.
- 2006
-
In: Annals of hematology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-5555 .- 1432-0584. ; 85:5, s. 275-80
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Children with Down syndrome (DS) and myeloid leukaemia have a significantly higher survival rate than other children, but they also experience considerable treatment-related toxicity. We analysed data on 56 children with DS who were treated on the Nordic Society for Paediatric Haematology and Oncology-acute myeloid leukaemia (NOPHO-AML)88 and NOPHO-AML93 protocols and reviewed the literature. In the dose-intensive NOPHO-AML88 protocol, 8 out of 15 patients (53%) experienced an event. In the less dose-intensive NOPHO-AML93 protocol, 7 out of 41 patients (17%) had an event. Therapy was reduced in 29 patients (52%) with in average 75% and 67% of the scheduled dose of anthracycline and cytarabine, respectively. Treatment-related death occurred in seven who all received full treatment. Relapse and resistant disease occurred at a similar rate in those receiving full and reduced treatment. Review of major series of myeloid leukaemia of DS showed no clear relationship between dose and survival; however, it appears that both a reduction in treatment dose and a less intensively timed treatment regimen improved the outcome. Further studies are needed to define the optimal regimen for treating myeloid leukaemia of DS.
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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Jonas, 1954, et al.
(author)
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Improved outcome after relapse in children with acute myeloid leukaemia.
- 2007
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In: British journal of haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 136:2, s. 229-236
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the Nordic Society for Paediatric Haematology and Oncology paediatric study acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) 93, event-free survival was 50% and overall survival was 66%, indicating that many patients were cured following relapse. Factors influencing outcome in children with relapsed AML were investigated. The study included all 146 children in the Nordic countries diagnosed with AML between 1988 and 2003, who relapsed. Data on disease characteristics and relapse treatment were related to outcome. Sixty-six percentage achieved remission with survival after relapse (5 years) 34 +/- 4%. Of 122 patients who received re-induction therapy, 77% entered remission with 40 +/- 5% survival. Remission rates were similar for different re-induction regimens but fludarabine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-based therapy had low treatment-related mortality. Prognostic factors for survival were duration of first complete remission (CR1) and stem cell transplantation (SCT) in CR1. In early relapse (<1 year in CR1), survival was 21 +/- 5% compared with 48 +/- 6% in late relapse. For children receiving re-induction therapy, survival in early relapse was 29 +/- 6% and 51 +/- 6% in late. Patients treated in CR1 with SCT, autologous SCT or chemotherapy had a survival of 18 +/- 9, 5 +/- 5 and 41 +/- 5%, respectively. Survival was 62 +/- 6% in 64 children given SCT as part of their relapse therapy. A significant proportion of children with relapsed AML can be cured, even those with early relapse. Children who receive re-induction therapy, enter remission and proceed to SCT can achieve a cure rate of 60%.
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| 3. |
- Alimohammadi, Mohammad, et al.
(author)
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Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1 : NALP5 in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1
- 2006
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In: The New England Journal of Medicine. ; 358:10, s. 1018-28
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a multiorgan autoimmune disorder caused by mutations in AIRE, the autoimmune regulator gene. Though recent studies concerning AIRE deficiency have begun to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmunity in patients with APS-1, the autoantigen responsible for hypoparathyroidism, a hallmark of APS-1 and its most common autoimmune endocrinopathy, has not yet been identified. Methods We performed immunoscreening of a human parathyroid complementary DNA library, using serum samples from patients with APS-1 and hypoparathyroidism, to identify patients with reactivity to the NACHT leucine-rich-repeat protein 5 (NALP5). Subsequently, serum samples from 87 patients with APS-1 and 293 controls, including patients with other autoimmune disorders, were used to determine the frequency and specificity of autoantibodies against NALP5. In addition, the expression of NALP5 was investigated in various tissues. Results NALP5-specific autoantibodies were detected in 49% of the patients with APS-1 and hypoparathyroidism but were absent in all patients with APS-1 but without hypoparathyroidism, in all patients with other autoimmune endocrine disorders, and in all healthy controls. NALP5 was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of parathyroid chief cells. Conclusions NALP5 appears to be a tissue-specific autoantigen involved in hypoparathyroidism in patients with APS-1. Autoantibodies against NALP5 appear to be highly specific and may be diagnostic for this prominent component of APS-1.
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| 4. |
- Alimohammadi, Mohammad, et al.
(author)
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Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 and NALP5, a parathyroid autoantigen
- 2008
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In: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 358:10, s. 1018-1028
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a multiorgan autoimmune disorder caused by mutations in AIRE, the autoimmune regulator gene. Though recent studies concerning AIRE deficiency have begun to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmunity in patients with APS-1, the autoantigen responsible for hypoparathyroidism, a hallmark of APS-1 and its most common autoimmune endocrinopathy, has not yet been identified. METHODS: We performed immunoscreening of a human parathyroid complementary DNA library, using serum samples from patients with APS-1 and hypoparathyroidism, to identify patients with reactivity to the NACHT leucine-rich-repeat protein 5 (NALP5). Subsequently, serum samples from 87 patients with APS-1 and 293 controls, including patients with other autoimmune disorders, were used to determine the frequency and specificity of autoantibodies against NALP5. In addition, the expression of NALP5 was investigated in various tissues. RESULTS: NALP5-specific autoantibodies were detected in 49% of the patients with APS-1 and hypoparathyroidism but were absent in all patients with APS-1 but without hypoparathyroidism, in all patients with other autoimmune endocrine disorders, and in all healthy controls. NALP5 was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of parathyroid chief cells. CONCLUSIONS: NALP5 appears to be a tissue-specific autoantigen involved in hypoparathyroidism in patients with APS-1. Autoantibodies against NALP5 appear to be highly specific and may be diagnostic for this prominent component of APS-1.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Irene, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Endothelial dysfunction in growth hormone transgenic mice
- 2006
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In: Clinical Science. - 0143-5221 .- 1470-8736. ; 110:2, s. 217-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Acromegaly [overproduction of GH (growth hormone)] is associated with cardiovascular disease. Transgenic mice overexpressing bGH (bovine GH) develop hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia and could be a model for cardiovascular disease in acromegaly. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of excess GH on vascular function and to test whether oxidative stress affects endothelial function in bGH transgenic mice. We studied the ACh (acetylcholine)-induced relaxation response in aortic and carotid rings of young (9-11 weeks) and aged (22-24 weeks) female bGH transgenic mice and littermate control mice, without and with the addition of a free radical scavenger {MnTBAP [Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride]}. We also measured mRNA levels of eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and EC-SOD (extracellular superoxide dismutase). Intracellular superoxide anion production in the vascular wall was estimated using a dihydroethidium probe. Carotid arteries from bGH transgenic mice had an impaired ACh-induced relaxation response (young, 46 +/- 7% compared with 69 +/- 8%; aged, 52 +/- 5% compared with 80 +/- 3%; P < 0.05), whereas endothelial function in aorta was intact in young but impaired in aged bGH transgenic mice. Endothelial dysfunction was corrected by addition of MnTBAP in carotid arteries from young mice and in aortas from aged mice; however, MnTBAP did not correct endothelial dysfunction in carotid arteries from aged bGH transgenic mice. There was no difference in intracellular superoxide anion production between bGH transgenic mice and control mice, whereas mRNA expression of EC-SOD and eNOS was increased in aortas from young bGH transgenic mice compared with control mice (P < 0.05). We interpret these data to suggest that bGH overexpression is associated with a time- and vessel-specific deterioration in endothelial function, initially caused by increased oxidative stress and later by other alterations in vascular function.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Annerbäck, Eva-Maria, 1948-, et al.
(author)
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Severe child abuse: a study of cases reported to the police
- 2007
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In: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 96:12, s. 1760-1764
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To investigate the characteristics of severe abuse of children and possible differences in comparison with less severe abuse. Method: Cases of abuse reported to the police within a single police district (n = 142) in Sweden were studied. The severe cases were compared to all the remaining cases. Results: Severe abuse constituted 14% of the total cases and was reported by agencies to a greater degree than minor cases. The suspected perpetrators were socially disadvantaged people in both groups. Half of the most serious cases led to conviction in the courts, compared to 8% in the reference group. The children who had been subjected to abuse were often already known to social services and reports of child abuse had frequently been made. Conclusion: In comparison between cases of severe and minor child abuse reported to the police, the results did not show any crucial differences except the pattern of reporting and a higher occurrence of prosecution/conviction in the severe cases. This finding places a responsibility on agencies outside of the justice system to consider all cases of reported abuse as serious warning signals and to make independent evaluations to identify risks and the possible need for child protection.
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| 8. |
- Bastholm Rahmner, Pia, et al.
(author)
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"Limit work to here and now" : A focus group study on how emergency physicians view their work in relation to patients' drug treatment
- 2008
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In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Helath and Well-being. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 3:3, s. 155-164
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Patients come to the emergency department (ED) with complex medication and some patients present symptoms of adverse drug effects. Drug treatment is a complex process for physicians to handle. The aim of this study was to explore how a group of ED physicians view their work in relation to patients’ drug treatment. Three semi-structured focus group discussions with 12 physicians in an ED in Sweden were conducted and analysed thematically. The core theme was ‘‘limit work to here and now’’. Three descriptive themes were identified in relation to the main theme; (1) focussing to cope with work; (2) decision making on limited patient-specific information; and (3) actively seeking learning moments. The findings show that the physicians actively seek learning moments in work. Signing their own notes in the computerized medical record is a way of getting feedback on the treatment they have initiated and it was seen as a large part of their clinical education. If we want to support the physicians with new technology for safer drug treatment, such as a computerized drug prescribing support system, the support system should be adapted to the different learning styles and needs.
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| 9. |
- Bastholm Rahmner, Pia, et al.
(author)
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Variations in understanding the drug-prescribing process : a qualitative study among Swedish GPs
- 2009
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In: Family Practice. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0263-2136 .- 1460-2229. ; 26:2, s. 121-127
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A majority of doctor-patient meetings result in the patient getting a prescription. This underlines the need for a high-quality prescription process. While studies have been made on single therapeutic drug groups, a complete study of the physicians' general thought process that comprises the prescription of all drugs still remains to be made. OBJECTIVE: To identify variations in ways of understanding drug prescribing among GPs. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with 20 Swedish physicians. Informants were recruited purposively and their understandings about prescribing were studied in semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using a phenomenographic approach. RESULTS: Five categories were identified as follows: (A) GP prescribed safe, reliable and well-documented drugs for obvious complaints; (B) GP sought to convince the patient of the most effective drug treatment; (C) GP chose the best drug treatment taking into consideration the patient's entire life situation; (D) GP used clinical judgement and close follow-up to minimize unnecessary drug prescribing and (E) GP prescribed drugs which are cheap for society and environmentally friendly. The categories are interrelated, but have different foci: the biomedical, the patient and the society. Each GP had more than one view but none included all five. The findings also indicate that complexity increases when a drug is prescribed for primary or secondary prevention. CONCLUSIONS: GPs understand prescribing differently despite similar external circumstances. The most significant factor to influence prescribing behaviour was the physician's patient relation approach. GPs may need to reflect on difficulties they face while prescribing to enhance their understandings.
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| 10. |
- Beckius, Göran, 1948-
(author)
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Företagsetik : En studie av etiskt organiserande i några svenska företag
- 2006
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Although research in business ethics has of late received increased attention from researchers and practitioners, little has been written on the practical effects of its implementation.The aim of the present study is, therefore, to explore the meaning and implications of business ethics from a practical perspective. To these ends, a qualitative study, mainly based on a grounded theory approach, has been carried out. The target of analysis is a corpus material derived from informants from 9 companies ranging from different sectors: 2 from the manufacturing sector, 1 company from the pharmaceutical sector and 6 companies from the financial sector.The results show that almost all the companies under consideration have set up some ethical structures for implementing their ethical practices, and lived up to the embraced ethical values in their business conduct. The results also indicate that the companies have actually responded favorably to the requirements and demands of various stakeholders.Furthermore, the emerging structures constitute the basis of a fully operative concept for organizing and implementing an ethical business conduct in organizations. This concept mainly consists of the following categories: ethics, rules, institutionalization, observing and abiding. These can all be applied separately or as a whole and as such be an instrument for measuring an organizations ethical level.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Berglund, Fredrik, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Multidisciplinary Project-based Product Development Learning in Collaboration with Industry
- 2007
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In: The 3rd International CDIO Conference, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, June 11-14.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Developing products is a multi-disciplinary process of identifying and envisaging user needs and realizing a product offer that meets these needs. This has to be done in a cost-efficient manner, while ensuring that the developed products exceed customer expectations concerning functionality and quality, and that they stand out from competition. Running project-based education in collaboration with industry allows students to gain experiences in addressing “real” problems and skills in applying industrial working practices in an industrial context. Consequently, product development organizations deliver not just the technical design of the product but a complete product offer. This involves activities such as market analysis, product planning, industrial design and development of after-market services.Some ten years ago, Chalmers University of Technology changed its Product Development project course, which addresses these needs, in order to increase the industrial collaboration and to facilitate a more multidisciplinary project composition. The course is now open for 4th year students from many disciplines including Mechanical Engineering, Automation Engineering, Industrial Management and Industrial Design. Thus, the student teams are multidisciplinary, which enables them to take on a multi-faceted, industry-sponsored product development task. The task requires that all the phases in a product development process are carried out. The students get the opportunity to appreciate that skills possessed by other disciplines are necessary to solve a complex problem, as well as the challenges involved including differences with respect to goals, culture, and disciplinary terminology.
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| 13. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Expanding sugarcane ethanol production in Brazil - Socioeconomic and climate effects of expanding sugarcane ethanol production in the Pontal do Paranapanema region (State of São Paulo, Brazil)
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of the 15th European Biomass Conference & Exhibition - From research to market Deployment, Berlin, Germany, 7-11 May 2007.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper presents results from a study of socioeconomic and climate effects connected to a sugarcane expansion scenario in the Pontal do Paranapanema region, São Paulo state, Brazil. Sugarcane production is expected to grow in the São Paulo state. Pontal do Paranapanema is the only region in the state where a large scale sugarcane expansion can take place and there is a concern that without guidelines the expansion might affect income growth in a negative way. A scenario where the settlers in the region gain from the sugarcane expansion was modelled. The models showed that it is possible to introduce sugarcane in the region with positive effects both on income growth and greenhouse gas emissions.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Blomqvist, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Patterns of residual salt on road surface : Case study
- 2005
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In: Transportation Research Circular E-C063. - Washington, D.C. : Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. ; , s. 602-608
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- A field study was performed in order to investigate the patterns of residual salt on a road surface and the mechanisms involved in transporting the salt off the road into the roadsides. The residual salt was measured in nine segments across a road and repeated in 2-24 hour intervals, depending on the road surface conditions. The results will be implemented in a winter maintenance management model under development by the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI). The results showed clearly that the vehicles are important for redistribution of the salt from the wheel paths. A light snowfall increased the salt content in the roadway, probably because of redistribution of salt from outside the road border lines by passing vehicles due to increased wetness. The amount of residual salt in the wheel paths could be modeled rather well using an exponential function, where the amount of salt was depending on the accumulated number of vehicles after each salting occasion. A model constant was suggested to be related to the road surface conditions.
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| 16. |
- Blomqvist, Göran, et al.
(author)
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The environmental sub-model of the Swedish Winter Model from real world data to a modelled scenario
- 2006
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The use of salt in the winter maintenance operations has both desired and undesired consequences. Many studies have been made regarding different environmental problems related to road salt. Most of the studies regarding salt damaged vegetation have however been concerned with the concentration of sodium and chloride in plant tissue, an indicator not very useful for the road administrator. The main purpose of the environmental sub-model of the Swedish Winter Model is to increase knowledge regarding the relationship between salting (amount, method, technique and timing) and the roadside exposure at different distances. Given known or assumed dose-response relationships for certain types of vegetation, the damage can also be modelled. And, by setting a cost for this damage, at least parts of the environmental costs can be estimated. Since the model works in a high time-resolution (one hour) during the winter season, it can be used to test scenarios where for instance the maintenance regulations, the traffic composition or the climate have changed.
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| 17. |
- Blomqvist, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Winter model : roadside salt exposure under different weather conditions
- 2008
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In: Surface transportation weather and snow removal and ice control technology. - Washington DC : Transportation Research Board, TRB. ; , s. 159-170
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The environmental model is a submodel in the Swedish winter maintenance management system, the Winter Model. The Winter Model will make it possible to assess the most important effects and their monetary value of changes in winter maintenance strategies and operations in Sweden. The effects are assessed for road users, road administrators, and the environment. Modeling the impact of the use of chemical anti- and deicing on roadside environment requires knowledge of the roadside exposure to salt, the vulnerability or dose-response relationship of the modeled environmental subjects and, preferably, the “cost” of the following impacts. In this paper, research results from some recent field studies are used to illustrate how the transport mechanisms responsible for the roadside exposure to deicing salt is working under different weather conditions. In order to improve the current model describing the roadside exposure to salt for even better prediction, the occurrence of plowing actions is also suggested to be incorporated into the model. Further it is suggested that, if also the presumably small depositions of dry salt aerosol particles on larger distance are to be described, the transport mechanism of dry salt crystals, breaking up into small airborne fragments and transported by the wind is also to be incorporated into the model describing the roadside exposure to deicing salt. The results in this paper are beeing incorporated into the Swedish Winter Model.
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| 18. |
- Bourdieu, Pierre, et al.
(author)
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Leve idrottspedagogiken : En vänbok tillägnad Lars-Magnus Engström
- 2005
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Vem ägnar sig åt idrott? Vilken betydelse har fritiden i barns och ungdomars liv? Vad innebär hälsa i skolämnet idrott och hälsa?Leve idrottspedagogiken! tillägnas Lars-Magnus Engström. Texterna i boken speglar delar av det idrottspedagogiska forskningsområdet i Sverige, vars framväxt Lars-Magnus Engström varit den främste företrädaren för. Läsaren får här ta del av exempelvis idrottskulturen, fritidskulturen och skolans ämne idrott och hälsa. Genomgående handlar texterna om villkoren för barns och ungdomars deltagane och om de olika lärprocesser som sker i anslutning till idrottsutövning.Lars-Magnus Engström har gjort betydande insatser som forskare och lärare samt som professor vid Lärarhögskolan i Stockholm och vid Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan. I snart fyrtion år har han arbetat med studier kring påverkans- och lärprocesser i idrott. Hans forskning har främst kretsat kring människors idrottsvanor och vilka som utvecklar en fysiskt aktiv livsstil. Idrotts- och motionsutövningar ger både ett så kallat egenvärde och investeringsvärde. Med dessa begrepp bland många andra har Lars-Magnus Engström bidragit till en fördjupad vetenskaplig förståelse av idrottskulturen.De flesta författarna har eller har haft Lars-Magnus Engström som handledare och tillhör forskningsgruppen för pedagogik, idrott och fritidskultur. Redaktörer för boken är Karin Redelius och Håkan Larsson.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Dahl, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Traffic-generated emissions of ultrafine particles from pavement-tire interface
- 2006
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In: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 40:7, s. 1314-1323
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a road simulator study, a significant source of sub-micrometer fine particles produced by the road-tire interface was observed. Since the particle size distribution and source strength is dependent on the type of tire used, it is likely that these particles largely originate from the tires, and not the road pavement. The particles consisted most likely of mineral oils from the softening filler and fragments of the carbon-reinforcing filler material (soot agglomerates). This identification was based on transmission electron microscopy studies of collected ultrafine wear particles and on-line thermal treatment using a thermodesorber. The mean particle number diameters were between 15-50 nm, similar to those found in light duty vehicle (LDV) tail-pipe exhaust. A simple box model approach was used to estimate emission factors in the size interval 15-700 nm. The emission factors increased with increasing vehicle speed, and varied between 3.7 x 10(11) and 3.2 x 10(12) particles vehicle(-1) km(-1) at speeds of 50 and 70 km h(-1). This corresponds to between 0.1-1% of tail-pipe emissions in real-world emission studies at similar speeds from a fleet of LDV with 95% gasoline and 5% diesel-fueled cars. The emission factors for particles originating from the road-tire interface were, however, similar in magnitude to particle number emission factors from liquefied petroleum gas-powered vehicles derived in test bench studies in Australia 2005. Thus the road-tire interface may be a significant contributor to particle emissions from ultraclean vehicles. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
- Dahlgren, Curt, et al.
(author)
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"Här ska min aska vila." Nya platser och riter för gravsättning av aska på andra platser än begravningsplats.
- 2006
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In: Kring begravningar i nutid. Tre studier..
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Artikeln uppmärksammar ett fenomen som långsamt vinner terräng och den bygger på en genomgång av ett stort antal ansökningar om tillstånd att sprida askan efter kremerad anhörig samt på intervjuer med anhöriga om olika aspekter av detta förfaringssätt. I artikeln diskuteras om askspridning kan ses som en senmodern rit bestämd av en immanent och individualiserad syn på döden.
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| 23. |
- Davidsson-Bremborg, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Begravning i rutan. Tre tv-sända begravningar.
- 2009
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In: Religionssociologi i brytningstider. En vänbok till Curt Dahlgren.. - 919747603X ; Lund studies in sociology of religion, 7, s. 170-190
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955-
(author)
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Investigations into Information Semantics and Ethics of Computing
- 2006
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The recent development of the research field of Computing and Philosophy has triggered investigations into the theoretical foundations of computing and information.This thesis consists of two parts which are the result of studies in two areas of Philosophy of Computing (PC) and Philosophy of Information (PI) regarding the production of meaning (semantics) and the value system with applications (ethics).The first part develops a unified dual-aspect theory of information and computation, in which information is characterized as structure, and computation is the information dynamics. This enables naturalization of epistemology, based on interactive information representation and communication. In the study of systems modeling, meaning, truth and agency are discussed within the framework of the PI/PC unification.The second part of the thesis addresses the necessity of ethical judgment in rational agency illustrated by the problem of information privacy and surveillance in the networked society. The value grounds and socio-technological solutions for securing trustworthiness of computing are analyzed. Privacy issues clearly show the need for computing professionals to contribute to understanding of the technological mechanisms of Information and Communication Technology.The main original contribution of this thesis is the unified dual-aspect theory of computation/information. Semantics of information is seen as a part of the data-information-knowledge structuring, in which complex structures are self-organized by the computational processing of information. Within the unified model, complexity is a result of computational processes on informational structures. The thesis argues for the necessity of computing beyond the Turing-Church limit, motivated by natural computation, and wider by pancomputationalism and paninformationalism, seen as two complementary views of the same physical reality. Moreover, it follows that pancomputationalism does not depend on the assumption that the physical world on some basic level is digital. Contrary to many believes it is entirely compatible with dual (analogue/digital) quantum-mechanical computing.
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| 26. |
- Englund, Hillevi, et al.
(author)
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Increase in beta-amyloid levels in cerebrospinal fluid of children with down syndrome
- 2007
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In: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 24:5, s. 369-374
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) invariably develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD) during their life span. It is therefore of importance to study young DS patients when trying to elucidate early events in AD pathogenesis. <i>Aim:</i> To investigate how levels of different amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, as well as tau and phosphorylated tau, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from children with DS change over time. The first CSF sample was taken at 8 months and the following two samples at 20–40 and 54 months of age. <i>Results:</i> Individual levels of the Aβ peptides, as well as total Aβ levels in CSF increased over time when measured with Western blot. Tau in CSF decreased whereas there was no change in levels of phosphorylated tau over time. <i>Conclusion:</i> The increasing levels of Aβ in CSF during early childhood of DS patients observed in this study are probably due to the trisomy of the Aβ precursor APP, which leads to an overproduction of Aβ. Despite the increased CSF concentrations of Aβ, there were no signs of an AD-indicating tau pattern in CSF, since the levels of total tau decreased and phosphorylated tau remained unchanged. This observation further strengthens the theory of Aβ pathology preceding tau pathology in AD.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Falkman, Göran, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Collaboration Patterns in an Online Community of Practice in Oral Medicine
- 2008
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In: eHealth Beyond the Horizon – Get IT There. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781586038649 ; 136, s. 175-80
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- SOMWeb is an online collaboration system based on Semantic Web technologies, which is used for knowledge sharing and dissemination within an oral medicine community in Sweden. Based on a previous study of the use of SOMWeb, general patterns of interaction and communicative activities involved in community collaboration have been identified. The patterns for one such activity, distance consultation, are described and modeled using techniques from the Pragmatic Web. It is also shown how patterns could inform system design
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| 29. |
- Falkman, Göran, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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SOMWeb : A Semantic Web-Based System for Supporting Collaboration of Distributed Medical Communities of Practice
- 2008
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In: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : J M I R Publications, Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 10:3, s. e25-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Information technology (IT) support for remote collaboration of geographically distributed communities of practice (CoP) in health care must deal with a number of sociotechnical aspects of communication within the community. In the mid-1990s, participants of the Swedish Oral Medicine Network (SOMNet) began discussing patient cases in telephone conferences. The cases were distributed prior to the conferences using PowerPoint and email. For the technical support of online CoP, Semantic Web technologies can potentially fulfill needs of knowledge reuse, data exchange, and reasoning based on ontologies. However, more research is needed on the use of Semantic Web technologies in practice. Objectives: The objectives of this research were to (1) study the communication of distributed health care professionals in oral medicine; (2) apply Semantic Web technologies to describe community data and oral medicine knowledge; (3) develop an online CoP, Swedish Oral Medicine Web (SOMWeb), centered on user-contributed case descriptions and meetings; and (4) evaluate SOMWeb and study how work practices change with IT support.Methods: Based on Java, and using the Web Ontology Language and Resource Description Framework for handling community data and oral medicine knowledge, SOMWeb was developed using a user-centered and iterative approach. For studying the work practices and evaluating the system, a mixed-method approach of interviews, observations, and a questionnaire was used.Results: By May 2008, there were 90 registered users of SOMWeb, 93 cases had been added, and 18 meetings had utilized the system. The introduction of SOMWeb has improved the structure of meetings and their discussions, and a tenfold increase in the number of participants has been observed. Users submit cases to seek advice on diagnosis or treatment, to show an unusual case, or to create discussion. Identified barriers to submitting cases are lack of time, concern about whether the case is interesting enough, and showing gaps in one’s own knowledge. Three levels of member participation are discernable: a core group that contributes most cases and most meeting feedback; an active group that participates often but only sometimes contribute cases and feedback; and a large peripheral group that seldom or never contribute cases or feedback.Conclusions: SOMWeb is beneficial for individual clinicians as well as for the SOMNet community. The system provides an opportunity for its members to share both high quality clinical practice knowledge and external evidence related to complex oral medicine cases. The foundation in Semantic Web technologies enables formalization and structuring of case data that can be used for further reasoning and research. Main success factors are the long history of collaboration between different disciplines, the user-centered development approach, the existence of a “champion” within the field, and nontechnical community aspects already being in place.
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| 30. |
- Falkman, Göran, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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SOMWeb - Towards an Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing in Oral Medicine
- 2005
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In: Connecting Medical Informatics and Bio-Informatics: Proceedings of MIE2005 - The XIXth International Congress of the European Federation for Medical Informatics. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 1586035495 ; 116, s. 527-32, s. 527-532
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a net-based society, clinicians can come together for cooperative work and distance learning around a common medical material. This requires suitable techniques for cooperative knowledge management and user interfaces that are adapted to both the group as a whole and to individuals. To support distributed management and sharing of clinical knowledge, we propose the development of an intelligent web community for clinicians within oral medicine. This virtual meeting place will support the ongoing work on developing a digital knowledge base, providing a foundation for a more evidence-based oral medicine. The presented system is founded on the use and development of web services and standards for knowledge modelling and knowledge-based systems. The work is conducted within the frame of a well-established cooperation between oral medicine and computer science.
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| 31. |
- Falkman, Göran, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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The Origin, Representation, and Use of Collaboration Patterns in a Medical Community of Practice
- 2008
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In: Emerging Technologies and Information Systems for the Knowledge Society. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783540877806 - 9783540877813 ; 5288, s. 403-412
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Founded on the Semantic Web technologies OWL and RDF, SOMWeb is an online community of practice that is used for knowledge sharing and dissemination within an oral medicine community in Sweden. It is shown how patterns for communication and collaboration within SOMWeb can be identified and represented in OWL, in terms of knowledge components, such as ontologies describing domain knowledge, user models, and organization models. It is described how patterns could be put into use and inform the design of future versions of SOMWeb.
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| 32. |
- Falkman, Göran, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Towards Pragmatic Patterns for Clinical Knowledge Management
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on the Pragmatic Web (ICPW2007). - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 65-74, s. 65-74
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a research program for identifying, modeling, and making use of generic pragmatic patterns for clinical knowledge management that support evidence-based medicine (EBM). Part of this program is SOMWeb, a system based on Semantic Web technologies, which is used for knowledge sharing and dissemination within an oral medicine community. A study of the use of SOMWeb has been conducted as the first step in the elicitation of important contextual factors and communicative activities involved in knowledge sharing processes in oral medicine. One such activity, community discussion activation, is described using consultation patterns together with the collaboration patterns of de Moor. The general need for context-aware health information systems and the prospective use of approaches within Pragmatic Web in the pursuit of EBM are also discussed.
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| 33. |
- Fransson, Göran, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Becoming a teacher – an introduction to the book.
- 2008
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In: Newly Qualified Teachers in Northern Europe. - Gävle : Gävle University Press. - 9789197489331 ; , s. 11-26
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Fransson, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Summary, conclusions and future perspective
- 2008
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In: Newly Qualified Teachers in Northern Europe. - Gävle : Gävle University Press. - 9789197489331 ; , s. 167-192
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 36. |
- Frenning, Lars, et al.
(author)
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A National Graduate Research School in Product Realization
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of the ConnectED 2007 International Conference on Design Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 9-12 July 2007..
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The education of Ph.D. students in Sweden has changed during the last decade. Earlier a studentused to take most of his/her courses - which make up about one fourth of the total work in a Ph.D.programme - at the home university and participate in research projects that were based there andmainly involved local researchers. Today’s students are much more active at the national level inboth respects. With support from research foundations, universities have begun to offer joint coursesfor all doctoral students within a specific subject area nationwide, and cooperate in research projectsthat often involve partners not only from several universities but also from industry. There areseveral advantages with this approach to Ph.D. student education. Not only are national resourcesmore efficiently used when courses are offered by the leading researchers and research groups to allstudents in a particular field, the students also get tremendous opportunities to develop personalrelations with each other across institutional borders, something which simplifies and is expected tosubstantially stimulate cooperation between them also after they have graduated and taken uppositions in academia or industry. This paper describes the organisation of and activities in a nationalgraduate research school in product realization which has been in operation since 2003. TheProViking National Graduate Research School offers courses on subjects ranging from customerneeds to ways of manufacturing competitive products. The school is in turn part of the ProVikingprogramme, which is financed by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research. The students in theschool also participate in research projects organised by the ProViking programme and withmembers from both academia and industry. One of the authors is the Managing Director of theprogramme and the other is the Director of Studies of the research school.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Goksör, Emma, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Asthma symptoms in early childhood--what happens then?
- 2006
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In: Acta Paediatr. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 95:4, s. 471-8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To study the outcome in early adulthood for children with early asthma symptoms and to analyse the factors associated with current asthma. METHODS: In a prospective study, we have re-investigated 89/101 children who were hospitalized before the age of two years due to wheezing. The children were investigated using a questionnaire and allergy and bronchial hyper-responsiveness tests at the age of 17-20 years and compared with age-matched controls. RESULTS: In the cohort, 43% had had asthma symptoms in the preceding 12 months compared with 15% in the control group. The strongest risk factors for asthma were current allergy, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and female gender. Female gender and passive smoking in infancy were independent infantile risk factors. In addition to female gender, two pathways led to current asthma: an allergic pathway from family atopy via the development of allergy and another pathway from early passive smoking via hyper-responsiveness and active smoking. CONCLUSION: In children with early wheezing disorder, current allergy, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and female gender were the strongest risk factors for asthma in early adulthood, while female gender and passive smoking in infancy were independent infantile risk factors. The effects of early passive smoking persist longer than previously reported.
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| 39. |
- Goksör, Emma, 1974, et al.
(author)
-
Reduced airway function in early adulthood among subjects with wheezing disorder before two years of age.
- 2008
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In: Pediatric pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 1099-0496 .- 8755-6863. ; 43:4, s. 396-403
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To compare airway function in early adulthood in subjects with wheezing in infancy with age-matched controls and to analyze what accounts for a possible difference. METHODS: Asthma development has been prospectively studied in 101 children hospitalized due to wheezing before the age of two. The cohort was re-investigated at age 17-20 years and tested with spirometry and for bronchial hyper-responsiveness and allergic sensitization. An age-matched population (n = 294) was used for comparison. RESULTS: The cohort had a significantly lower FEV(1)/FVC ratio and MEF(50), both pre- and post-bronchodilation, compared with the controls, P < 0.01. The reduction in airway function was most evident in current asthmatic female subjects, but a reduced pre-bronchodilation FEV(1)/FVC ratio was also seen in symptom-free cohort subjects, P = 0.03. In the multivariate analysis, female gender was the most prominent independent risk factor for reduced airway function in early adulthood, pre-bronchodilation OR 4.0 (1.4-11.3) and post-bronchodilation OR 8.8 (1.8-42.0). In addition, a history of early wheezing, that is, belonging to the cohort, was an independent risk factor for reduced airway function pre-bronchodilation, OR 3.3 (1.3-8.7). Furthermore, there was an association between current bronchial hyper-responsiveness and an increased risk of reduced airway function post-bronchodilation, OR 7.3 (2.0-26.6). CONCLUSION: Reduced airway function in early adulthood was found in subjects with wheezing early in life, compared with age-matched controls. The reduction was most prominent in females with current asthma.
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| 40. |
- Goksör, Emma, 1974, et al.
(author)
-
The impact of pre- and post-natal smoke exposure on future asthma and bronchial hyper-responsiveness
- 2007
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In: Acta Paediatr. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 96:7, s. 1030-5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To analyse the impact of pre- and post-natal smoke exposure on asthma presence, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, airway function and active smoking in early adulthood. METHODS: We have prospectively studied 101 children hospitalized due to wheezing before the age of 2 years. The cohort was re-investigated at age 17-20 years and tested for airway function and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Data on maternal smoking during pregnancy were obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. RESULTS: There was a significant, independent correlation between both pre- and post-natal smoke exposure and asthma at age 17-20 years, OR 3.5 (1.1-11.3) and 3.4 (1.2-10.1), respectively. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for current bronchial hyper-responsiveness, OR 6.6 (1.2-35.5). Pre-natal smoke exposure seemed to negatively affect small airway function in early adulthood due to structural changes. Post-natal smoke exposure was independently associated with an increased risk of current smoking, OR 7.4 (1.6-35.2). CONCLUSION: In subjects hospitalized due to early wheezing, pre- and post-natal smoke exposure increase the risk of asthma in early adulthood. The connection between pre-natal smoke exposure and asthma appears to be mediated via the development of bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Smoke exposure in infancy is associated with an increased risk of active smoking in early adult age, which is in turn linked to current asthma.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Gustafsson, Amanda Jabin, et al.
(author)
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Ryanodine receptor-operated activation of TRP-like channels can trigger critical Ca2+ signaling events in pancreatic beta-cells
- 2005
-
In: The FASEB Journal. - : Wiley. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 19:2, s. 301-303
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is little information available concerning the link between the ryanodine (RY) receptors and the downstream Ca(2+) signaling events in beta-cells. In fura-2 loaded INS-1E cells, activation of RY receptors by 9-methyl 5,7-dibromoeudistomin D (MBED) caused a rapid rise of [Ca(2+)]i followed by a plateau and repetitive [Ca(2+)]i spikes on the plateau. The [Ca(2+)]i plateau was abolished by omission of extracellular Ca(2+) and by SKF 96365. In the presence of SKF 96365, MBED produced a transient increase of [Ca(2+)]i, which was abolished by thapsigargin. Activation of RY receptors caused Ca(2+) entry even when the ER Ca(2+) pool was depleted by thapsigargin. The [Ca(2+)]i plateau was not inhibited by nimodipine or ruthenium red, but was inhibited by membrane depolarization, La(3+), Gd(3+), niflumic acid, and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, agents that inhibit the transient receptor potential channels. The [Ca(2+)]i spikes were inhibited by nimodipine and ryanodine, indicating that they were due to Ca(2+) influx through the voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels and Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR). Activation of RY receptors depolarized membrane potential as measured by patch clamp. Thus, activation of RY receptors leads to coherent changes in Ca(2+) signaling, which includes activation of TRP-like channels, membrane depolarization, activation of the voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels and CICR.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Gustafsson, Bengt, et al.
(author)
-
Vad är god forskningssed? : Synpunkter, riktlinjer och exempel
- 2005
-
Book (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Vad är god forskningssed? handlar om etiska aspekter i forskningen, och är tänkt att ge underlag för reflexion och diskussion. Den vänder sig till forskare inom alla forskningsområden, inte minst till forskarstuderande och deras handledare. Bakom skriften står tre forskare, professorerna Bengt Gustafsson, Göran Hermerén och Bo Petersson. Författarna för en grundläggande diskussion kring etiska principer som tillämpas i forskningen. De beskriver även gällande regelverk, och diskuterar uppförandepraxis som förekommer eller bör förekomma forskare emellan liksom mellan forskare och andra.
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| 46. |
- Gustafsson, Christina, et al.
(author)
-
Att arbeta i högskolan : utmaningar och möjligheter
- 2006
-
Book (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Under de närmaste åren kommer ett betydande antal nya lärare av olika kategorier att behöva rekryteras till högskolor och universitet. Genom ett ökat antal studenter, en strävan att rekrytera studenter ur ett mångfaldsperspektiv samt kvalitativt bättre kunskaper om vad lärande och kunskapsbildning är, blir det allt viktigare att lärare och doktorander får en bra yrkesintroduktion i högskolan och får möjlighet att lyckas väl i sin professionella yrkesutveckling. I boken problematiseras såväl högskolornas uppdrag som förutsättningarna för högskolelärares arbete. Det innebär bl.a. att undervisningen i högskolan diskuteras, att exempel visas och att vägledning ges i fråga om t.ex. föreläsningar, seminarier, handledning, distansutbildning och värderingar. Boken behandlar även högskolelärares utvecklings- och karriärmöjligheter inklusive en diskussion om dokumentation av meriter. Författarna vänder sig främst till relativt nyblivna lärare och doktorander inom högskolan, men även mer erfarna lärare har nytta av boken. Att arbeta i högskolan – utmaningar och möjligheter är därmed lämplig som litteratur vid högskolepedagogiska och högskoledidaktiska utbildningar. Men den är också angelägen läsning för högskolelärare som i grupp eller på egen hand vill utveckla sin yrkeskompetens eller bättre förstå högskolan som system.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Gustafsson, David, et al.
(author)
-
Distribuerade system för förbättrade snö- och avrinningsprognoser : Integration i hydrologiska modeller - Delrapport 1
- 2009
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ambitionen med projektet är att minska volymfelet i avrinningsprognoser samt att förbättra tidsbestämningen av den första avrinningen och av flödespikarna i samband med snösmältning. Projektet fokuserar på att kombinera modell- och mättekniksutveckling för att utforska hur mo-dellstruktur och metod för att integrera mätinformation (dataassimilering) kan optimeras i förhållande till tillgängliga snödata. Syftet är att utveckla en operationellt användbar metod baserad på kostnads- och tidseffektiva mättekniker och modelleringsverktyg. Metoden skall anpassas för användning av både stora och små vattenreglerande företag, och den skall ge en betydande förbättring av prognoserna. I projektet testats och vidareutvecklas en rad mättekniker, som tex snökuddar, automatiska snödjups- och snödensitetssensorer, och mark-radartekniker. Radartekniken vidareutvecklas för bestämning av snötäckets djup, densitet och våthet genom att utnyttja informationen som fås från radarvågornas utbredningshastighet, av att ett flerkanalssystem används och från amplitudutsläckning. En ny snömodell har utvecklats för att kunna testa olika val av modellstruktur för processrepresentation och distribution i tid och rum. Modellen är programmerad som en subrutin till SMHI:s nya hydrologiska simulerings-system HYSS, men kan i princip kopplas till vilken hydrologisk modellplattform som helst. Kärnan i modellen är en modell av snö- och markskiktet, där snösmältning och avdunstning från marken kan beräknas antingen med graddagarsmetoden eller med energibalansmetoden. En enkel variant av HBV-modellens grundvatten- och sjörepresentation används för att simulera avrinningen. Den rumsliga distributionen av snö- och markmodellen kan väljas fritt. I projektet testas både distribuering i gridnät med olika upplösning, samt distribuering i klasser uppdelade enligt höjd, lutning, vädersträck och vegetation. En dataassimileringsrutin baserad på Ensemble Kalmanfilter (EnKF) har utvecklats för integrering av snöinformation i simuleringarna. EnKF metoden uppdaterar parametervärden och modelltillstånd, som funktion av kovariansen mellan modellfel och modelltillstånd, parametrar och inputvariabler. Exempel på sådana parametrar och variabler är graddagsfaktorn för smältning och snömängd. Kovariansmatrisen genereras genom slumpmässiga störningar på inputvariabler och parametrar. EnKF ger förutom en automatisk uppdatering och kalibrering även en uppskattning av osäkerheter i resultaten. Resultaten av simuleringarna med det nyutvecklade modellsystemet visar att dataassimilering med EnKF av distribuerade snödata kan förbättra avrinnings-prognoserna och uppskatta osäkerheter i resultaten. För enstaka år visades även att de markburna radarmätningarna av snömängden minskade osäkerheterna och förbättrade prognoserna mer än motsvarande manuella mätningar. En systematisk undersökning av förtjänsten av olika modell-strukturer och av rumslig distribuering i förhållande till datakvalitet och data-mängd återstår dock som en viktig uppgift för projektets avslutande hälft.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Gustafsson, Dan J, et al.
(author)
-
The Arg279Gln [corrected] substitution in the adenovirus type 11p (Ad11p) fiber knob abolishes EDTA-resistant binding to A549 and CHO-CD46 cells, converting the phenotype to that of Ad7p.
- 2006
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In: Journal of Virology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 80:4, s. 1897-905
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The major determinant of adenovirus (Ad) attachment to host cells is the C-terminal knob domain of the trimeric fiber protein. Ad type 11p (Ad11p; species B2) in contrast to Ad7p (species B1) utilizes at least two different cellular attachment receptors, designated sBAR (species B adenovirus receptor) and sB2AR (species B2 adenovirus receptor). CD46 has recently been identified as one of the Ad11p attachment receptors. However, CD46 did not seem to constitute a functional receptor for Ad7p. Although Ad7p shares high knob amino acid identity with Ad11p, Ad7p is deficient in binding to both sB2AR and CD46. To determine what regions of the Ad11p fiber knob are necessary for sB2AR-CD46 interaction, we constructed recombinant fiber knobs (rFK) with Ad11p/Ad7p chimeras and Ad11p sequences having a single amino acid substitution from Ad7p. Binding of the constructs to A549 and CHO-CD46 BC1 isoform-expressing cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results indicate that an Arg279Gln [corrected] substitution is sufficient to convert the Ad11p receptor-interaction phenotype to that of Ad7p and abolish sB2AR and CD46 interaction. Also a Glu279Arg substitution in Ad7p rFKs increases CD46 binding. Thus, the lateral HI loop of the Ad11p fiber knob seems to be the key determinant for Ad11p sB2AR-CD46 interaction. This result is comparable to another non-coxsackie-adenovirus receptor binding Ad (Ad37p), where substitution of one amino acid abolishes virus-cell interaction. In conjunction with previous results, our findings also strongly suggest that sB2AR is equivalent to CD46.
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