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2.
  • D’Ammando, F., et al. (author)
  • The most powerful flaring activity from the NLSy1 PMN J0948+0022
  • 2015
  • In: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 446:3, s. 2456-2467
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We report on multifrequency observations performed during 2012 December–2013 August of the first narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy detected in γ-rays, PMN J0948+0022 (z = 0.5846). A γ-ray flare was observed by the Large Area Telescope on board Fermi during 2012 December–2013 January, reaching a daily peak flux in the 0.1–100 GeV energy range of (155 ± 31) × 10−8 ph cm−2 s−1 on 2013 January 1, corresponding to an apparent isotropic luminosity of ∼1.5 × 1048 erg s−1. The γ-ray flaring period triggered Swift and Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) observations in addition to radio and optical monitoring by Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Monitoring Of Jets in Active galactic nuclei with VLBA Experiments, and Catalina Real-time Transient Survey. A strong flare was observed in optical, UV, and X-rays on 2012 December 30, quasi-simultaneously to the γ-ray flare, reaching a record flux for this source from optical to γ-rays. VERITAS observations at very high energy (E > 100 GeV) during 2013 January 6–17 resulted in an upper limit of F>0.2 TeV < 4.0 × 10−12 ph cm−2 s−1. We compared the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the flaring state in 2013 January with that of an intermediate state observed in 2011. The two SEDs, modelled as synchrotron emission and an external Compton scattering of seed photons from a dust torus, can be modelled by changing both the electron distribution parameters and the magnetic field.
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4.
  • Di Renzo, G C, et al. (author)
  • Intrapartum GBS screening and antibiotic prophylaxis : a European consensus conference
  • 2015
  • In: The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-7058 .- 1476-4954. ; 7-8, s. 766-782
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Abstract Group B streptococcus (GBS) remains worldwide a leading cause of severe neonatal disease. Since the end of the 1990s, various strategies for prevention of the early onset neonatal disease have been implemented and have evolved. When a universal antenatal GBS screening-based strategy is used to identify women who are given an intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis, a substantial reduction of incidence up to 80% has been reported in the USA as in other countries including European countries. However recommendations are still a matter of debate due to challenges and controversies on how best to identify candidates for prophylaxis and to drawbacks of intrapartum administration of antibiotics. In Europe, some countries recommend either antenatal GBS screening or risk-based strategies, or any combination, and others do not have national or any other kind of guidelines for prevention of GBS perinatal disease. Furthermore, accurate population-based data of incidence of GBS neonatal disease are not available in some countries and hamper good effectiveness evaluation of prevention strategies. To facilitate a consensus towards European guidelines for the management of pregnant women in labor and during pregnancy for the prevention of GBS perinatal disease, a conference was organized in 2013 with a group of experts in neonatology, gynecology-obstetrics and clinical microbiology coming from European representative countries. The group reviewed available data, identified areas where results were suboptimal, where revised procedures and new technologies could improve current practices for prevention of perinatal GBS disease. The key decision issued after the conference is to recommend intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis based on a universal intrapartum GBS screening strategy using a rapid real time testing.
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5.
  • Petimar, Joshua, et al. (author)
  • A Pooled Analysis of 15 Prospective Cohort Studies on the Association between Fruit, Vegetable, and Mature Bean Consumption and Risk of Prostate Cancer.
  • 2017
  • In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 26:8, s. 1276-1287
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Relationships between fruit, vegetable, and mature bean consumption and prostate cancer risk are unclear.Methods: We examined associations between fruit and vegetable groups, specific fruits and vegetables, and mature bean consumption and prostate cancer risk overall, by stage and grade, and for prostate cancer mortality in a pooled analysis of 15 prospective cohorts, including 52,680 total cases and 3,205 prostate cancer-related deaths among 842,149 men. Diet was measured by a food frequency questionnaire or similar instrument at baseline. We calculated study-specific relative risks using Cox proportional hazards regression, and then pooled these estimates using a random effects model.Results: We did not observe any statistically significant associations for advanced prostate cancer or prostate cancer mortality with any food group (including total fruits and vegetables, total fruits, total vegetables, fruit and vegetable juice, cruciferous vegetables, and tomato products), nor specific fruit and vegetables. In addition, we observed few statistically significant results for other prostate cancer outcomes. Pooled multivariable relative risks comparing the highest versus lowest quantiles across all fruit and vegetable exposures and prostate cancer outcomes ranged from 0.89 to 1.09. There was no evidence of effect modification for any association by age or body mass index.Conclusions: Results from this large, international, pooled analysis do not support a strong role of collective groupings of fruits, vegetables, or mature beans in prostate cancer.Impact: Further investigation of other dietary exposures, especially indicators of bioavailable nutrient intake or specific phytochemicals, should be considered for prostate cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(8); 1276-87. ©2017 AACR.
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6.
  • Simplício, M A, et al. (author)
  • Method and Apparatus for Securing a Connection in a Communications Network
  • 2015
  • Patent (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
    • A method of securing a session between a Network Application Function, NAF, and a User Equipment, UE, connected to a network. The NAF is assigned a NAF identifier, NAF_id, using the Generic Bootstrapping Architecture, GBA, or a similar architecture and a shared secret is established between the UE and the NAF (S7.1). An application request containing a bootstrapping transaction identifier is sent to the NAF from the UE (S7.2) and an authentication request comprising the bootstrapping transaction identifier, the NAF_id, and information derived from the shared secret is sent to a Bootstrapping Server Function, BSF, from the NAF (S7.4). The BSF and the UE determine a NAF key, Ks_NAF, by using a modified parameter in place of or in addition to an original parameter in a key derivation function, the modified parameter being derived from the shared secret and the original parameter of the key derivation function (S7.5). This NAF key is transmitted from the BSF to the NAF (S7.6) and used to secure communications between the NAF and the UE (S7.7). Also provided are apparatus to act as a NAF, UE, and BSF in the method above.
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7.
  • Haghighi, Mona, et al. (author)
  • A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
  • 2016
  • In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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8.
  • Kelly, L E, et al. (author)
  • Perinatal health services organization for preterm births : a multinational comparison
  • 2017
  • In: Journal of Perinatology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0743-8346 .- 1476-5543. ; 37:7, s. 762-768
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To explore population characteristics, organization of health services and comparability of available information for very low birth weight or very preterm neonates born before 32 weeks' gestation in 11 high-income countries contributing data to the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes of Neonates (iNeo).STUDY DESIGN: We obtained population characteristics from public domain sources, conducted a survey of organization of maternal and neonatal health services and evaluated the comparability of data contributed to the iNeo collaboration from Australia, Canada, Finland, Israel, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UK.RESULTS: All countries have nationally funded maternal/neonatal health care with >90% of women receiving prenatal care. Preterm birth rate, maternal age, and neonatal and infant mortality rates were relatively similar across countries. Most (50 to >95%) between-hospital transports of neonates born at non-tertiary units were conducted by designated transport teams; 72% (8/11 countries) had designated transfer and 63% (7/11 countries) mandate the presence of a physician. The capacity of 'step-down' units varied between countries, with capacity for respiratory care available in <10% to >75% of units. Heterogeneity in data collection processes for benchmarking and quality improvement activities were identified.CONCLUSIONS: Comparability of healthcare outcomes for very preterm low birth weight neonates between countries requires an evaluation of differences in population coverage, healthcare services and meta-data.
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  • Müezzinler, Aysel, et al. (author)
  • Smoking and All-cause Mortality in Older Adults : Results From the CHANCES Consortium
  • 2015
  • In: American Journal of Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0749-3797 .- 1873-2607. ; 49:5, s. e53-e63
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION: Smoking is known to be a major cause of death among middle-aged adults, but evidence on its impact and the benefits of smoking cessation among older adults has remained limited. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the influence of smoking and smoking cessation on all-cause mortality in people aged ≥60 years.METHODS: Relative mortality and mortality rate advancement periods (RAPs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models for the population-based prospective cohort studies from Europe and the U.S. (CHANCES [Consortium on Health and Ageing: Network of Cohorts in Europe and the U.S.]), and subsequently pooled by individual participant meta-analysis. Statistical analyses were performed from June 2013 to March 2014.RESULTS: A total of 489,056 participants aged ≥60 years at baseline from 22 population-based cohort studies were included. Overall, 99,298 deaths were recorded. Current smokers had 2-fold and former smokers had 1.3-fold increased mortality compared with never smokers. These increases in mortality translated to RAPs of 6.4 (95% CI=4.8, 7.9) and 2.4 (95% CI=1.5, 3.4) years, respectively. A clear positive dose-response relationship was observed between number of currently smoked cigarettes and mortality. For former smokers, excess mortality and RAPs decreased with time since cessation, with RAPs of 3.9 (95% CI=3.0, 4.7), 2.7 (95% CI=1.8, 3.6), and 0.7 (95% CI=0.2, 1.1) for those who had quit <10, 10 to 19, and ≥20 years ago, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Smoking remains as a strong risk factor for premature mortality in older individuals and cessation remains beneficial even at advanced ages. Efforts to support smoking abstinence at all ages should be a public health priority.
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10.
  • Möller, Per, et al. (author)
  • Glacial history and palaeo-environmental change of southern Taimyr Peninsula, Arctic Russia, during the Middle and Late Pleistocene
  • 2019
  • In: Earth-Science Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0012-8252 .- 1872-6828. ; 196
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We here reconstruct a glacial and climate history of arctic NW Siberia for the last similar to 600,000 years, based on the stratigraphy and chronology of 35 studied river sections on the southern Taimyr Peninsula. From this strati graphic mosaic we have identified four glacial events, marked by tills/glaciotectonics, which are intercalated with mainly marine sediments deposited in proglacial settings during transitions from glacial conditions into subsequent interglacials/interstadials. The traces of early shelf-based Kara Sea Ice Sheet (KSIS) glaciations in marine isotope stages (MIS) 12-14 and 8 are sparsely preserved, but these ice advances are suggested to have terminated far south into the central Siberian uplands, as also was the case with the younger Taz glaciation (MIS 6). The inception phase of the latter glaciation was complex, with ice advancing into a proglacial marine basin both from the south (Putorana - Anabar uplands) and the north. The deglaciation leading into the Karginsky interglacial (MIS 5e) was marked by the development of the southerrunost ice-marginal zones (IMZs) on the Taimyr lowlands - the Urdakh and Sampesa IMZs. The most recent (late Pleistocene) glacial cycle is recorded by three successively smaller KSIS advances from the Kara Sea shelf onto Taimyr, of which only the first, during Early Zyryanka (MIS 5d), reached south of the Byrranga Mountains, with its maximum extent marked by the Jangoda - Syntabul - Severokokorsky IMZ. Retreat of the ice margin during MIS 5c-b was accompanied by deposition of glaciomarine sediment in the proglacial basin and deposition of large successions of delta sediments in the foothills of the Byrranga Motmtains, reaching a >= 100 m above present sea level. The region north of the Byrranga Mountains was subjected to two subsequent KSIS glaciations, during MIS 4 and MIS 2, while the area south of the Byrranga Mountains transitioned to a terrestrial environment from the Middle into the Lower Zyryanka, as evidenced by deposition of fluvial, aeolian and ice-complex (Yedoma) sediments.
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11.
  • Noresson, A. L., et al. (author)
  • Designing interactions by control of protein-ligand complex conformation : Tuning arginine-arene interaction geometry for enhanced electrostatic protein-ligand interactions
  • 2018
  • In: Chemical Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2041-6520 .- 2041-6539. ; 9:4, s. 1014-1021
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We investigated galectin-3 binding to 3-benzamido-2-O-sulfo-galactoside and -thiodigalactoside ligands using a combination of site-specific mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, computational approaches, and binding thermodynamics measurements. The results reveal a conformational variability in a surface-exposed arginine (R144) side chain in response to different aromatic C3-substituents of bound galactoside-based ligands. Fluorinated C3-benzamido substituents induced a shift in the side-chain conformation of R144 to allow for an entropically favored electrostatic interaction between its guanidine group and the 2-O-sulfate of the ligand. By contrast, binding of ligands with non-fluorinated substituents did not trigger a conformational change of R144. Hence, a sulfate-arginine electrostatic interaction can be tuned by the choice of ligand C3-benzamido structures to favor specific interaction modes and geometries. These results have important general implications for ligand design, as the proper choice of arginine-aromatic interacting partners opens up for ligand-controlled protein conformation that in turn may be systematically exploited in ligand design.
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  • Rath, Emma M, et al. (author)
  • BAMLET kills chemotherapy-resistant mesothelioma cells, holding oleic acid in an activated cytotoxic state
  • 2018
  • In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:8
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Here we have investigated in vitro efficacy of BAMLET and BLAGLET complexes (anti-cancer complexes consisting of oleic acid and bovine α-lactalbumin or β-lactoglobulin respectively) in killing mesothelioma cells, determined BAMLET and BLAGLET structures, and investigated possible biological mechanisms. We performed cell viability assays on 16 mesothelioma cell lines. BAMLET and BLAGLET having increasing oleic acid content inhibited human and rat mesothelioma cell line proliferation at decreasing doses. Most of the non-cancer primary human fibroblasts were more resistant to BAMLET than were human mesothelioma cells. BAMLET showed similar cytotoxicity to cisplatin-resistant, pemetrexed-resistant, vinorelbine-resistant, and parental rat mesothelioma cells, indicating the BAMLET anti-cancer mechanism may be different to drugs currently used to treat mesothelioma. Cisplatin, pemetrexed, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and BAMLET, did not demonstrate a therapeutic window for mesothelioma compared with immortalised non-cancer mesothelial cells. We demonstrated by quantitative PCR that ATP synthase is downregulated in mesothelioma cells in response to regular dosing with BAMLET. We sought structural insight for BAMLET and BLAGLET activity by performing small angle X-ray scattering, circular dichroism, and scanning electron microscopy. Our results indicate the structural mechanism by which BAMLET and BLAGLET achieve increased cytotoxicity by holding increasing amounts of oleic acid in an active cytotoxic state encapsulated in increasingly unfolded protein. Our structural studies revealed similarity in the molecular structure of the protein components of these two complexes and in their encapsulation of the fatty acid, and differences in the microscopic structure and structural stability. BAMLET forms rounded aggregates and BLAGLET forms long fibre-like aggregates whose aggregation is more stable than that of BAMLET due to intermolecular disulphide bonds. The results reported here indicate that BAMLET and BLAGLET may be effective second-line treatment options for mesothelioma.
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13.
  • Scherzinger, J., et al. (author)
  • Tagging fast neutrons from an 241Am/9Be source
  • 2015
  • In: Applied Radiation and Isotopes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-8043 .- 1872-9800. ; 98, s. 74-79
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Shielding, coincidence, and time-of-flight measurement techniques are employed to tag fast neutrons emitted from an 241Am/9Be source resulting in a continuous polychromatic energy-tagged beam of neutrons with energies up to 7MeV. The measured energy structure of the beam agrees qualitatively with both previous measurements and theoretical calculations.
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  • Ardestani, Shahrzad, et al. (author)
  • B2SHARE : An open eScience data sharing platform
  • 2015
  • In: Proceedings - 11th IEEE International Conference on eScience. - : IEEE. ; , s. 448-453
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Scientific data sharing is becoming an essential service for data driven science and can significantly improve the scientific process by making reliable, and trustworthy data available. Thereby reducing redundant work, and providing insights on related research and recent advancements. For data sharing services to be useful in the scientific process, they need to fulfill a number of requirements that cover not only discovery, and access to data. But to ensure the integrity, and reliability of published data as well. B2SHARE, developed by the EUDAT project, provides such a data sharing service to scientific communities. For communities that wish to download, install and maintain their own service, it is also available as software. B2SHARE is developed with a focus on user-friendliness, reliability, and trustworthiness, and can be customized for different organizations and use-cases. In this paper we discuss the design, architecture, and implementation of B2SHARE. We show its usefulness in the scientific process with some case studies in the biodiversity field.
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16.
  • Bjerketorp, Joakim, et al. (author)
  • Formulation and stabilization of an Arthrobacter strain with good storage stability and 4-chlorophenol-degradation activity for bioremediation
  • 2018
  • In: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0175-7598 .- 1432-0614. ; 102:4, s. 2031-2040
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Chlorophenols are widespread and of environmental concern due to their toxic and carcinogenic properties. Development of less costly and less technically challenging remediation methods are needed; therefore, we developed a formulation based on micronized vermiculite that, when air-dried, resulted in a granular product containing the 4-chlorophenol (4-CP)-degrading Gram-positive bacterium Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6. This formulation and stabilization method yielded survival rates of about 60% that remained stable in storage for at least 3 months at 4 °C. The 4-CP degradation by the formulated and desiccated A. chlorophenolicus A6 cells was compared to that of freshly grown cells in controlled-environment soil microcosms. The stabilized cells degraded 4-CP equally efficient as freshly grown cells in two different set-ups using both hygienized and non-treated soils. The desiccated microbial product was successfully employed in an outdoor pot trial showing its effectiveness under more realistic environmental conditions. No significant phytoremediation effects on 4-CP degradation were observed in the outdoor pot experiment. The 4-CP degradation kinetics from both the microcosms and the outdoor pot trial were used to generate a predictive model of 4-CP biodegradation potentially useful for larger-scale operations, enabling better bioremediation set-ups and saving of resources. This study also opens up the possibility of formulating and stabilizing also other Arthrobacter strains possessing different desirable pollutant-degrading capabilities.
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  • Burri, Stina C.M., et al. (author)
  • Antioxidant capacity and major phenol compounds of horticultural plant materials not usually used
  • 2017
  • In: Journal of Functional Foods. - : Elsevier BV. - 1756-4646. ; 38, s. 119-127
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Horticultural plant materials not usually used from onion, carrot, beetroot, sea buckthorn, black and red currants as well as a wastewater powder from olive oil production were analyzed for total phenols content (FC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), radical scavenging capacity (ABTS), and for major phenolic compounds by HPLC-MS. Antioxidant capacity and phenol content varied significantly between species and cultivars, with extracts of sea buckthorn leaves being superior. In different species, different phenolic compounds were closely associated with FRAP, ABTS and FC. For instance, hydrolysable tannins were major antioxidants in sea buckthorn whereas quercetin was the major antioxidant in onion peel and skin. This study shows that horticultural plant materials usually left in the field or waste materials from processing may have high antioxidant properties, and that extracts of these materials therefore could be of potential interest for development of antioxidant food additives.
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19.
  • Burri, Stina C.M., et al. (author)
  • Lipid oxidation inhibition capacity of 11 plant materials and extracts evaluated in highly oxidised cooked meatballs
  • 2019
  • In: Foods. - : MDPI AG. - 2304-8158. ; 8:9
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The underlying mechanism(s) behind the potential carcinogenicity of processed meat is a popular research subject of which the lipid oxidation is a common suspect. Different formulations and cooking parameters of a processed meat product were evaluated for their capacity to induce lipid oxidation. Meatballs made of beef or pork, containing different concentrations of fat (10 or 20 g 100 g−1), salt (2 or 4 g 100 g−1), subjected to differing cooking types (pan or deep frying), and storage times (1, 7, and 14 days), were evaluated using thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS). The deep-fried meatball type most susceptible to oxidation was used as the model meat product for testing the lipid oxidation inhibiting capacity of 11 plant materials and extracts, in two concentrations (100 and 200 mg kg−1 gallic acid equivalent (GAE)), measured after 14 days of storage using TBARS. Summer savory lyophilized powder was the most efficient plant material, lowering lipid oxidation to 13.8% and 21.8% at the 200 and 100 mg kg−1 concentration, respectively, followed by a sea buckthorn leaf extract, lowering lipid oxidation to 22.9% at 100 mg kg−1, compared to the meatball without added antioxidants. The lipid oxidation was thus successfully reduced using these natural antioxidants.
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20.
  • Bustos, Atma Sol, et al. (author)
  • Interaction Between Phenolic Compounds and Lipase : The Influence of Solubility and Presence of Particles in the IC50 Value
  • 2018
  • In: Journal of Food Science. - : Wiley. - 0022-1147 .- 1750-3841. ; 83:8, s. 2071-2076
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Obesity is one of the principal human health problems and one of the main treatments against it is the inhibition of pancreatic lipase, the main responsible enzyme of lipid digestion. For that purpose, previous studies have tested several phenolic compounds against lipase, without considering their aggregation behavior in aqueous solutions. Because of this, the present study focuses on understanding how the solubility and the presence of particles affect the IC50 value of the interaction between lipase and phenolic compounds present in beverages like fruit juices and teas. Therefore, the inhibitory capacity against pancreatic lipase and the aggregate formation of 9 phenolic compounds (quercetin, rutin, myricetin, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, cyanidin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and vanillic acid) were analyzed. The results obtained together with the solubility data from literature were treated by principal component analysis and indicate that the IC50 value does not correlate with the solubility or aggregate formation of the phenolic compounds. However, the IC50 values of phenolic compounds which aggregate during the assay conditions have low reproducibility. This study shows that the aggregate formation of phenolic compounds plays an important role during in vitro assays for pancreatic lipase inhibition and should be considered in future experiments as it can lead to false positive results. In terms of particle formation, the flavonoids investigated in this study are more prone to aggregation compared to the phenolic acids.
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21.
  • Cole, S. G., et al. (author)
  • Arctic games : An analytical framework for identifying options for sustainable natural resource governance
  • 2016
  • In: The Polar Journal. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 2154-896X .- 2154-8978. ; 6:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Changes in the Arctic are fuelled by a variety of drivers, including global warming, economic growth, improved access to natural resources, technological advances and globalisation processes. Further, the region is characterised by a diverse set of international agreements, national legislations and common pool resources. This presents challenges for actors to suggest, evaluate and agree on sustainable development alternatives. We propose an analytical framework to better understand (1) the types of trade-offs associated with Arctic futures and (2) actors’ incentives for strategic behaviour. In the framework, game theory illuminates incentives and strategies among actors, cost-benefit analysis and economic valuation of ecosystem services help identify socially desirable outcomes and institutional analysis provides insight on how governance structures can support or interfere with policy intervention. We apply the proposed framework by analysing possible oil development futures for Lofoten in Northern Norway. For example, institutional analysis and estimates of costs and benefits of reducing oil spill risk and their distribution among actors are used for discussing incentive structures, including the use of side payments as a mechanism to mitigate conflicting interests. 
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22.
  • Del Pino-Gutiérrez, Amparo, et al. (author)
  • Impact of alcohol consumption on clinical aspects of gambling disorder.
  • 2017
  • In: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1447-0349 .- 1445-8330. ; 26:2, s. 121-128
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Similarities between gambling disorder and substance use disorders have been extensively described. To date, however, few studies using large clinical samples have been carried out that reliably assess the relationship between different levels of alcohol consumption and gambling disorders. The present study aimed to assess the impact of baseline alcohol consumption levels on the clinical profile in a large sample of treatment-seeking individuals. Nine hundred and fifty-one consecutive outpatients diagnosed with gambling disorder according to DSM-IV criteria were compared after being included in three alcohol consumption groups (low risk, abuse and risk of dependence) based on their total raw scores on the AUDIT questionnaire. Results showed a high prevalence of risk of alcohol dependence in GD patients who were immigrants, unemployed, and had a low level of education. A positive linear trend was also found between alcohol consumption level and the prevalence of other current and life-time comorbid mental disorders, and for the presence of drug abuse. Statistically significant differences were found between the three alcohol consumption groups in terms of the evolution and severity of the gambling disorder, self-directedness personality trait, and levels of general psychopathology, hostility and paranoid ideation. In conclusion, the results showed an association between increased alcohol consumption and greater dysfunction.
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23.
  • Derks, Jan, 1977, et al. (author)
  • Effectiveness of implant therapy analyzed in a Swedish population: Early and late implant loss
  • 2015
  • In: Journal of Dental Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 94
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Treatment outcomes in implant dentistry have been mainly assessed as implant survival rates in small, selected patient groups of specialist or university clinical settings. This study reports on loss of dental implants assessed in a large and randomly selected patient sample. The results were aimed at representing evaluation of effectiveness of implant dentistry. Using the national data register of the Swedish Social Insurance Agency, 4,716 patients were randomly selected. All had been provided with implant-supported restorative therapy in 2003. Patient files of 2,765 patients (11,311 implants) were collected from more than 800 clinicians. Information on patients, treatment procedures, and outcomes related to the implant-supported restorative therapy was extracted from the files. In total, 596 of the 2,765 subjects, provided with 2,367 implants, attended a clinical examination 9 y after therapy. Implant loss that occurred prior to connection of the supraconstruction was scored as an early implant loss, while later occurring loss was considered late implant loss. Early implant loss occurred in 4.4% of patients (1.4% of implants), while 4.2% of the patients who were examined 9 y after therapy presented with late implant loss (2.0% of implants). Overall, 7.6% of the patients had lost at least 1 implant. Multilevel analysis revealed higher odds ratios for early implant loss among smokers and patients with an initial diagnosis of periodontitis. Implants shorter than 10 mm and representing certain brands also showed higher odds ratios for early implant loss. Implant brand also influenced late implant loss. Implant loss is not an uncommon event, and patient and implant characteristics influence outcomes
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24.
  • Eriksson, Kristina M., 1976-, et al. (author)
  • A novel blended learning course developed jointly between three universities to address competence development of professionals in digitalized manufacturing
  • 2019
  • In: VILÄR 5-6 december 2019, University West, Trollhättan. - Trollhättan : University West. - 9789188847430 - 9789188847447 ; , s. 6-7
  • Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • New competences and knowledge needs arises as manufacturing industry evolves and becomes increasingly digitalized. Facing this transformation, one of the challenges is the continuous and growing need for novel initiatives for competence development.The case portrayed here stems from a Swedish cross-university project aiming to jointly develop and offer courses for competence development of professionals in the manufacturing and IT sectors. The ambition is to increase the impact of the universities' respective efforts of meeting industry competence needs, where the continuous digital transformation entails that employees must develop or even change their qualifications.The case outlined focus co-production of a joint course package, at master level, between three universities and their respective company networks. Participating universities have long traditions in working closely with companies in research and education, where approaches for co-production have evolved over time. We make use of our joint understanding of the manufacturing industry's specific competence needs and our experiences of sustainable course formats for participants working full time.The joint course covers aspects of a manufacturing company on three levels: plant level i.e. material and production flows, cell level e.g. robotic simulation and visualisation, and system level i.e. data acquisition and monitoring through sensors. Each university is developing a course module of 2.5 ECTS, addressing a level respectively of their specialist competence. Participants are to complete assignments for each course module, i.e. for all three manufacturing levels, where the previous assignment provides an input to the next level, enabling the participants to encompass a holistic view of a manufacturing system. Participants need to combine study and work and at the same time they wish to extend their network, hence we are adopting a blended learning approach, where virtual labs and web conferences are mixed with physical meetings.A variety of challenges arise when designing such novel approaches: combining company networks, course design including online learning, planning of physical course meetings,joint promotion, common admission and validation process, financial models and more. However, engaging in partnerships with industry for knowledge transformation and development has the potential to become rewarding for all parties.
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25.
  • Feng, Nicole C., et al. (author)
  • Feasibility of an at-home, web-based, interactive exercise program for older adults
  • 2019
  • In: Alzheimer’s & Dementia. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2352-8737. ; 5:1, s. 825-833
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Introduction: Increased physical exercise is linked to enhanced brain health and reduced dementia risk. Exercise intervention studies usually are conducted at facilities in groups under trainer supervision. To improve scalability, accessibility, and engagement, programs may need to be structured such that individuals can execute and adjust routines in their own homes.Methods: One hundred eighty-three healthy older adults from two sites (the United States and Sweden) were screened. One hundred fifty-six subjects (mean age 73.2), randomly assigned to one of four interventions (PACE-Yourself physical exercise program, mindfulness meditation, or Cogmed® adaptive or nonadaptive computerized working memory training) began the study. All interventions were structurally similar: occurring in subjects' homes using interactive, web-based software, over five weeks, ∼175 minutes/week. In the PACE-Yourself program, video segments presented aerobic exercises at different pace and intensity (P&I). The program paused frequently, allowing subjects to indicate whether P&I was "too easy," "too hard," or "somewhat hard." P&I of the subsequent exercise set was adjusted, allowing subjects to exercise at a perceived exertion level of "somewhat hard." Program completion was defined as finishing ≥60% of sessions.Results: A high percentage of participants in all groups completed the program, although the number (86%) was slightly lower in the PACE-Yourself group than the other three. Excluding dropouts, the PACE-Yourself group had a lower adherence rate of 93%, compared with the other three (∼98%). Over the five weeks, PACE-Yourself participants increased exercising at the highest intensity level, consistent with augmented aerobic activity over time. The number of exercise sessions completed predicted the postintervention versus preintervention increase in self-reported level of physical activity.Discussion: This study supports the feasibility of a home-based, subject-controlled, exercise program in which P&I is regulated via real-time participant feedback, which may promote self-efficacy. Further study is needed to determine if similar results are found over longer periods and in more diverse populations.
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26.
  • Ferro, Ana, et al. (author)
  • Alcohol intake and gastric cancer : Meta-analyses of published data versus individual participant data pooled analyses (StoP Project)
  • 2018
  • In: Cancer Epidemiology. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1877-7821 .- 1877-783X. ; 54, s. 125-132
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Individual participant data pooled analyses allow access to non-published data and statistical reanalyses based on more homogeneous criteria than meta-analyses based on systematic reviews. We quantified the impact of publication-related biases and heterogeneity in data analysis and presentation in summary estimates of the association between alcohol drinking and gastric cancer.Methods: We compared estimates obtained from conventional meta-analyses, using only data available in published reports from studies that take part in the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project, with individual participant data pooled analyses including the same studies.Results: A total of 22 studies from the StoP Project assessed the relation between alcohol intake and gastric cancer, 19 had specific data for levels of consumption and 18 according to cancer location; published reports addressing these associations were available from 18, 5 and 5 studies, respectively. The summary odds ratios [OR, (95%CI)] estimate obtained with published data for drinkers vs. non-drinkers was 10% higher than the one obtained with individual StoP data [18 vs. 22 studies: 1.21 (1.07-1.36) vs. 1.10 (0.99-1.23)] and more heterogeneous (1(2): 63.6% vs 54.4%). In general, published data yielded less precise summary estimates (standard errors up to 2.6 times higher). Funnel plot analysis suggested publication bias.Conclusion: Meta-analyses of the association between alcohol drinking and gastric cancer tended to overestimate the magnitude of the effects, possibly due to publication bias. Additionally, individual participant data pooled analyses yielded more precise estimates for different levels of exposure or cancer subtypes.
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27.
  • Ferro, Ana, et al. (author)
  • Tobacco smoking and gastric cancer: : meta-analyses of published data versus pooled analyses of individual participant data (StoP Project).
  • 2018
  • In: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 27:3, s. 197-204
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Tobacco smoking is one of the main risk factors for gastric cancer, but the magnitude of the association estimated by conventional systematic reviews and meta-analyses might be inaccurate, due to heterogeneous reporting of data and publication bias. We aimed to quantify the combined impact of publication-related biases, and heterogeneity in data analysis or presentation, in the summary estimates obtained from conventional meta-analyses. We compared results from individual participant data pooled-analyses, including the studies in the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project, with conventional meta-analyses carried out using only data available in previously published reports from the same studies. From the 23 studies in the StoP Project, 20 had published reports with information on smoking and gastric cancer, but only six had specific data for gastric cardia cancer and seven had data on the daily number of cigarettes smoked. Compared to the results obtained with the StoP database, conventional meta-analyses overvalued the relation between ever smoking (summary odds ratios ranging from 7% higher for all studies to 22% higher for the risk of gastric cardia cancer) and yielded less precise summary estimates (SE ≤2.4 times higher). Additionally, funnel plot asymmetry and corresponding hypotheses tests were suggestive of publication bias. Conventional meta-analyses and individual participant data pooled-analyses reached similar conclusions on the direction of the association between smoking and gastric cancer. However, published data tended to overestimate the magnitude of the effects, possibly due to publication biases and limited the analyses by different levels of exposure or cancer subtypes.
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28.
  • Gref, A, et al. (author)
  • Dietary total antioxidant capacity in early school age and subsequent allergic disease.
  • 2017
  • In: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 47:6, s. 751-759
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Dietary antioxidant intake has been hypothesized to influence the development of allergic diseases; however, few prospective studies have investigated this association.OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to study the association between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the diet at age 8 years and the subsequent development of asthma, rhinitis and sensitization to inhalant allergens between 8 and 16 years, and to assess potential effect modification by known risk factors.METHODS: A total of 2359 children from the Swedish birth cohort BAMSE were included. Dietary TAC at age 8 years was estimated by combining information on the child's diet the past 12 months from a food frequency questionnaire with a database of common foods analysed with the oxygen radical absorbance capacity method. Classification of asthma and rhinitis was based on questionnaires, and serum IgE antibodies were measured at 8 and 16 years.RESULTS: A statistically significant inverse association was observed between TAC of the diet and incident sensitization to inhalant allergens (adjusted odds ratio: 0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.55-0.97 for the third compared to the first tertile, P-value for trend = 0.031). Effect modification by traffic-related air pollution exposure was observed, with a stronger association between dietary TAC and sensitization among children with low traffic-related air pollution exposure (P-value for interaction = 0.029). There was no evidence for effect modification by GSTP1 or TNF genotypes, although these results should be interpreted with caution. No clear associations were observed between TAC and development of rhinitis or asthma, although a significant inverse association was observed for allergic asthma (ORadj 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.94).CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Higher TAC of the diet in early school age may decrease the risk of developing sensitization to inhalant allergens from childhood to adolescence. These findings indicate that implementing an antioxidant-rich diet in childhood may contribute to the prevention of allergic disease.
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29.
  • Hansen, Eric M., 1965-, et al. (author)
  • Does Feeling Empathy Lead to Compassion Fatigue or Compassion Satisfaction? : The Role of Time Perspective
  • 2018
  • In: Journal of Psychology. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0022-3980 .- 1940-1019. ; 152:8, s. 630-645
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Research has shown that feeling empathy sometimes leads to compassion fatigue and sometimes to compassion satisfaction. In three studies, participants recalled an instance when they felt empathy in order to assess the role time perspective plays in how empathizers perceive the consequences of empathy. Study 1 revealed that college students perceive empathy as having more negative consequences in the short term, but more positive consequences in the long term. Study 2 showed that service industry professionals perceive the consequences of feeling empathy for customers who felt bad as less negative, and the consequences of feeling empathy for people who felt good as less positive, in the long as opposed to the short term. Because Studies 1 and 2 confounded time perspective with event specificity a third study was conducted in which event specificity was held constant across time perspectives. The same pattern of results emerged. The results of these studies indicate that perceptions of the effects of feeling empathy, whether positive or negative, become less extreme over time. These findings shed light on the relation between empathy and compassion fatigue and satisfaction by suggesting that situations that initially are experienced as stressful can over time make the empathizer stronger.
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30.
  • Håkansson, Bo, 1953, et al. (author)
  • The bone conduction implant - a review and 1-year follow-up
  • 2019
  • In: International Journal of Audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 58:12, s. 945-955
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate its safety and effectiveness of the bone conduction implant (BCI) having an implanted transducer and to review similar bone conduction devices. Design: This is a consecutive prospective case series study where the patients were evaluated after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Outcome measures were focussed on intraoperative and postoperative safety, the effectiveness of the device in terms of audiological performance and patient's experience. Study sample: Sixteen patients with average age of 40.2 (range 18-74) years have been included. Thirteen patients were operated in Gothenburg and three in Stockholm. Results: It was found that the procedure for installing the BCI is safe and the transmission condition was stable over the follow-up time. No serious adverse events or severe adverse device effects occurred. The hearing sensitivity, speech in noise and the self-assessment as compared with the unaided condition improved significantly with the BCI. These patients also performed similar or better than with a conventional bone conduction reference device on a softband. Conclusions: In summary, it was found that the BCI can provide a safe and effective hearing rehabilitation alternative for patients with mild-to-moderate conductive or mixed hearing impairments.
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31.
  • Håkansson, Karl M. O., et al. (author)
  • Nanofibril Alignment in Flow Focusing : Measurements and Calculations
  • 2016
  • In: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 120:27, s. 6674-6686
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Alignment of anisotropic supermolecular building blocks is crucial to control the properties of many novel materials. In this study, the alignment process of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) in a flow-focusing channel has been investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and modeled using the Smoluchowski equation, which requires a known flow field as input. This flow field was investigated experimentally using microparticle-tracking velocimetry and by numerically applying the two-fluid level set method. A semidilute dispersion of CNFs was modeled as a continuous phase, with a higher viscosity as compared to that of water. Furthermore, implementation of the Smoluchowski equation also needed the rotational Brownian diffusion coefficient, which was experimentally determined in a shear viscosity measurement. The order of the nanofibrils was found to increase during extension in the flow-focusing channel, after which rotational diffusion acted on the orientation distribution, driving the orientation of the fibrils toward isotropy. The main features of the alignment and dealignment processes were well predicted by the numerical model, but the model overpredicted the alignment at higher rates of extension. The apparent rotational diffusion coefficient was seen to increase steeply as the degree of alignment increased. Thus, the combination of SAXS measurements and modeling provides the necessary framework for quantified studies of hydrodynamic alignment, followed by relaxation toward isotropy.
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32.
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33.
  • Håkansson, Nina, et al. (author)
  • Improvement of animal welfare by strategic analysis and logistic optimisation of animal slaughter transportation
  • 2016
  • In: Animal Welfare. - : Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. - 0962-7286 .- 2054-1538. ; 25:2, s. 255-263
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The transportation of animals to slaughterhouses is a major welfare concern. The number of slaughterhouses has decreased over time in Europe due to centralisation. This is expected to increase transport time for animals and as a consequence negatively affect animal welfare. We propose an optimisation model based on a facility location model to perform strategic analysis to improve transportation logistics. The model is tested on the Swedish slaughter transport system. We show that, by strategic planning and redirection of transports while keeping the slaughterhouse capacities as of the originaldata, the potential exists to reduce transport distance by 25% for pigs and 40% for cattle. Furthermore, we demonstrated that approximately 50% of Swedish slaughterhouses can be shut down with a minimal effect on total transport distances. This implies that in terms of the overall welfare picture, the decision of which animals to send where plays a for more significant role than the number of slaughterhouses. In addition, by changing relative weights on distances in the optimisation function the amount of individualtransports with longjourney times can be decreased. We also show results from altered slaughterhouse capacity and geographical location of slaughterhouses. This is the first time an entire country has been analysed in great detail with respect to the location, capacity and number of slaughterhouses. The focus is mainly on the analysis of unique and detailed information of actual animal transports in Sweden and a demonstration of the potential impact redirection of the transports and/ or altering of slaughterhouses can have on animal welfare.
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34.
  • Irungu, Beatrice N., et al. (author)
  • Antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of the constituents of Turraea robusta and Turraea nilotica
  • 2015
  • In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0378-8741 .- 1872-7573. ; 174, s. 419-425
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Ethnopharmacological relevance: Turraea robusta and Turraea nilotica are African medicinal plants used for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases, including malaria. The genus Turraea is rich in limonoids and other triterpenoids known to possess various biological activities. Materials and methods: From the stem bark of T. robusta six compounds, and from various parts of T. nilotica eleven compounds were isolated by the use of a combination of chromatographic techniques. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using NMR and MS, whilst the relative configuration of one of the isolated compounds, toonapubesin F, was established by X-ray crystallography. The antiplasmodial activities of the crude extracts and the isolated constituents against the D6 and W2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum were determined using the semiautomated micro dilution technique that measures the ability of the extracts to inhibit the incorporation of (G-3H, where G is guanine) hypoxanthine into the malaria parasite. The cytotoxicity of the crude extracts and their isolated constituents was evaluated against the mammalian cell lines African monkey kidney (vero), mouse breast cancer (4T1) and human larynx carcinoma (HEp2). Results: The extracts showed good to moderate antiplasmodial activities, where the extract of the stem bark of T. robusta was also cytotoxic against the 4T1 and the HEp2 cells (IC50<10 μg/ml). The compounds isolated from these extracts were characterized as limonoids, protolimonoids and phytosterol glucosides. These compounds showed good to moderate activities with the most active one being azadironolide, IC50 2.4±0.03 μM and 1.1±0.01 μM against the D6 and W2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum, respectively; all other compounds possessed IC50 14.4-40.5 μM. None of the compounds showed significant cytotoxicity against vero cells, yet four of them were toxic against the 4T1 and HEp2 cancer cell lines with piscidinol A having IC50 8.0±0.03 and 8.4 ±0.01 μM against the 4T1 and HEp2 cells, respectively. Diacetylation of piscidinol A resulted in reduced cytotoxicity. Conclusion: From the medicinal plants T. robusta and T. nilotica, twelve compounds were isolated and characterized; two of the isolated compounds, namely 11-epi-toonacilin and azadironolide showed good antiplasmodial activity with the highest selectivity indices. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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35.
  • Jiménez-Murcia, Susana, et al. (author)
  • Treatment outcome in male Gambling Disorder patients associated with alcohol use
  • 2016
  • In: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 7:MAR
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Aims: The primary objective of this study was to analyze the association between alcohol consumption and short-term response to treatment (post intervention) in male patients with gambling disorder enrolled in a group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program. Methods: The sample consisted of 111 male individuals with a diagnosis of Gambling Disorder, with a mean age of 45 years (SD = 12.2). All participants were evaluated by a comprehensive assessment battery and assigned to CBT groups of 10-14 patients attending 16 weekly outpatient sessions lasting 90 min each. Results: The highest mean pre- and post-therapy differences were recorded for the alcohol risk/dependence group on the obsessive/compulsive and anxiety dimensions of the SCL-90-R. As regards the presence of relapses and dropouts over the course of the CBT sessions, the results show a significant association with moderate effect size: Patients with risk consumption or alcohol dependence were more likely to present poor treatment outcomes. Conclusions: Alcohol abuse was frequent in GD, especially in patients with low family income and high accumulated debts. High levels of somatization and high overall psychopathology (measured by the SCL-90-R) were associated with increased risk of alcohol abuse. Alcohol abuse was also associated with poor response to treatment.
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36.
  • Johannsen, A., et al. (author)
  • Consumption of Dental Treatment in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, a Register Study
  • 2015
  • In: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:8
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective The aim of this study was to compare the consumption of dental treatment among patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) compared to age and gender matched control groups. The study group comprised 2085 patients with CD and 3161 with UC from the Uppsala-Orebro region and from the Stockholm region. The patients in the cohort were diagnosed between 1960 and 1989. Patients up to 70 years of age were included in the study. The two patients groups were compared to age- and gender-matched, randomly selected control groups from the same geographic area comprising a corresponding number of participants. CD patients had significantly higher total number of procedures registered (p < 0.000). The difference was most pronounced for removable dentures (+65%), fillings in front teeth (+52%) and endodontic treatment (+46%) when Crohn's patients were compared to controls (p<0.001). The corresponding figures for UC patients were also a significantly higher total number of procedures (p < 0.005), more clinical examinations (p<0.000), fillings in canines and incisors (p < 0.001) and fillings in bicuspids and molars (p < 0.000). This study demonstrate that CD and UC individuals use more dental treatment compared to an age-gender matched control group, and more caries-related treatments. The difference was most pronounced for restorative treatment in patients with Crohn's.
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37.
  • Koller-Smith, Louise I. M., et al. (author)
  • Comparing very low birth weight versus very low gestation cohort methods for outcome analysis of high risk preterm infants
  • 2017
  • In: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 17
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Compared to very low gestational age (<32 weeks, VLGA) cohorts, very low birth weight (<1500 g; VLBW) cohorts are more prone to selection bias toward small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants, which may impact upon the validity of data for benchmarking purposes. Method: Data from all VLGA or VLBW infants admitted in the 3 Networks between 2008 and 2011 were used. Two-thirds of each network cohort was randomly selected to develop prediction models for mortality and composite adverse outcome (CAO: mortality or cerebral injuries, chronic lung disease, severe retinopathy or necrotizing enterocolitis) and the remaining for internal validation. Areas under the ROC curves (AUC) of themodels were compared. Results: VLBW cohort (24,335 infants) had twice more SGA infants (20.4% vs. 9.3%) than the VLGA cohort (29,180 infants) and had a higher rate of CAO (36.5% vs. 32.6%). The two models had equal prediction power for mortality and CAO (AUC 0.83), and similarly for all other cross-cohort validations (AUC 0.81-0.85). Neither model performed well for the extremes of birth weight for gestation (<1500 g and >= 32 weeks, AUC 0.50-0.65; >= 1500 g and >= 32 weeks, AUC 0.60-0.62). Conclusion: There was no difference in prediction power for adverse outcome between cohorting VLGA or VLBW despite substantial bias in SGA population. Either cohorting practises are suitable for international benchmarking.
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38.
  • Koushik, Anita, et al. (author)
  • Intake of vitamins A, C, and E and folate and the risk of ovarian cancer in a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies.
  • 2015
  • In: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 26:9, s. 1315-27
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PURPOSE: Vitamins A, C, and E and folate have anticarcinogenic properties and thus might protect against cancer. Few known modifiable risk factors for ovarian cancer exist. We examined the associations between dietary and total (food and supplemental) vitamin intake and the risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer.METHODS: The primary data from 10 prospective cohort studies in North America and Europe were analyzed. Vitamin intakes were estimated from validated food frequency questionnaires in each study. Study-specific relative risks (RRs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model and then combined using a random-effects model.RESULTS: Among 501,857 women, 1,973 cases of ovarian cancer occurred over a median follow-up period of 7-16 years across studies. Dietary and total intakes of each vitamin were not significantly associated with ovarian cancer risk. The pooled multivariate RRs [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for incremental increases in total intake of each vitamin were 1.02 (0.97-1.07) for vitamin A (increment: 1,300 mcg/day), 1.01 (0.99-1.04) for vitamin C (400 mg/day), 1.02 (0.97-1.06) for vitamin E (130 mg/day), and 1.01 (0.96-1.07) for folate (250 mcg/day). Multivitamin use (vs. nonuse) was not associated with ovarian cancer risk (pooled multivariate RR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.89-1.12). Associations did not vary substantially by study, or by subgroups of the population. Greater vitamin intakes were associated with modestly higher risks of endometrioid tumors (n = 156 cases), but not with other histological types.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that consumption of vitamins A, C, and E and folate during adulthood does not play a major role in ovarian cancer risk.
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39.
  • Kuna, Vijay Kumar, 1987, et al. (author)
  • Significantly accelerated wound healing of full-thickness skin using a novel composite gel of porcine acellular dermal matrix and human peripheral blood cells
  • 2017
  • In: Cell Transplantation. - : Cognizant Communication Corporation. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 26:2, s. 293-307
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Herein, we report the fabrication of a novel composite gel from decellularized gal-gal-knockout porcine skin and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) for full-thickness skin wound healing. Decellularized skin extracellular matrix (ECM) powder was prepared via chemical treatment, freeze-drying and homogenization. The powder was mixed with culture medium containing hyaluronic acid to generate a pig skin gel (PSG). The effect of the gel in regeneration of full-thickness wound was studied in nude mice. We found significantly accelerated wound closure already on day 15 in animals treated with PSG only or PSG+hPBMC as compared to untreated and hyaluronic acid treated controls (p<0.05). Addition of the hPBMC to the gel resulted in marked increase of host blood vessels as well as the presence of human blood vessels. At day 25, histologically, the wounds in animals treated with PSG only or PSG+hPBMC were completely closed as compared to controls. Thus, the gel facilitated generation of new skin with well arranged epidermal cells and restored bilayer structure of the epidermis and dermis. These results suggest that porcine skin ECM gel together with human cells may be a novel and promising biomaterial for medical applications especially for patients with acute and chronic skin wounds.
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40.
  • Källström, Elisabeth, et al. (author)
  • Analysis of Automatic Transmission Vibration for Clutch Slippage Detection
  • 2015
  • In: 22nd International Congress on Sound and Vibration 2015 (ICSV 22). - : Curran Associates, Inc.. - 9781510809031
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Heavy duty construction equipment is generally equipped with automatic transmission enablingto change gear ratio automatically. The clutches in an automatic transmission transfer torquefrom the engine to the gearbox and clutch failures may result in costly downtime of constructionequipment. To prevent costly downtime of construction equipment, condition monitoring in com-bination with condition based maintenance may be utilized. Different sensor data are collectedon a machine that enables condition monitoring. Vibration have been measured on an automatictransmission in a construction equipment machine during controlled driving sessions, with andwithout clutch slippage, on a test track. An initial investigation of the vibration measured on theautomatic transmission have been carried out with the purpose to find out if the vibration maycontain reliable information related to clutch slippage considered to be abnormal. Initial signalanalysis of the data have been carried out using Spectrogram and Spectral Kurtosis methods. Theresults indicate that information related to abnormal clutch slippage may be extracted from vibra-tion measured on an automatic transmission in a construction equipment machine.
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41.
  • Larsson, S. C., et al. (author)
  • Coffee consumption and risk of aortic valve stenosis : A prospective study
  • 2018
  • In: NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0939-4753 .- 1590-3729. ; 28:8, s. 803-807
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background and aims: Coffee contains many biologically active compounds with potential adverse or beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Whether coffee consumption is associated with the risk of aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is unknown. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the association between coffee consumption and AVS incidence.Methods and results: This prospective study included 71 178 men and women who provided information on their coffee consumption through a questionnaire at baseline. Incident cases of AVS were identified through linkage with the Swedish National Patient and Cause of Death Registers. During a mean follow-up of 15.2 years, 1295 participants (777 men and 518 women) were diagnosed with AVS. Coffee consumption was positively associated with risk of AVS in a dose - response manner after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, and other risk factors (P-trend = 0.005). The multivariable hazard ratios were was 1.11 (95% confidence interval 1.04 - 1.19) per 2 cups/day increase of coffee consumption and 1.65 (95% confidence interval 1.10 - 2.48) when comparing the highest (>= 6 cups/day) with the lowest (<0.5 cup/day) category of coffee consumption. The association was not modified by other risk factors.Conclusions: This study provides novel evidence that high coffee consumption is associated with an increased risk of AVS.
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42.
  • Lawrence, M. A. W., et al. (author)
  • Synthesis and Structure of a Novel Substituted Benzothiazolyl-N-phenyl-2-pyridinecarbothioamide; Kinetics of Formation and Electrochemistry of Two of its Palladium Pincer Complexes
  • 2015
  • In: Australian Journal of Chemistry. - : CSIRO Publishing. - 0004-9425. ; 68:5, s. 731-741
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The synthesis and crystal structures of bis-N-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)pyridine-2,6-dicarbothioamide (dicarbothioamide I) and 6-(4,7-dimethoxy-2-benzothiazolyl)-N-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-pyridinecar bothioamide (L-1) as well as the syntheses of the palladium(ii) chloride and acetate pincer complexes are reported. The stability constant for the palladium complex formation at 25 degrees C was found to be (2.04 +/- 0.26)x10(4)dm(3)mol(-1) and (2.30 +/- 0.19)x10(4)dm(3)mol(-1) with H-f=8 +/- 1kJmol(-1), S-f=108 +/- 10JK(-1)mol(-1), and H-f=17 +/- 4kJmol(-1) and S-f=140 +/- 20JK(-1)mol(-1) for the PdClL1 and Pd(OAc)L-1, respectively. The kinetics of formation of the palladium(ii) complexes were investigated and the mechanism is proposed to be associative in nature (H-1(double dagger)=34 +/- 2kJmol(-1) and S-1(double dagger)=-113 +/- 8JK(-1)mol(-1), and H-1(double dagger)=37 +/- 3kJmol(-1) and S-1(double dagger)=-100 +/- 8JK(-1)mol(-1) for the PdClL1 and Pd(OAc)L-1 species, respectively). The electrochemical measurements of the acetonitrile solutions revealed irreversible electron transfers consistent with the electrochemical decomposition of the ligand and its coordination complexes.
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43.
  • Mastinu, Enzo, 1987, et al. (author)
  • Grip control and motor coordination with implanted and surface electrodes while grasping with an osseointegrated prosthetic hand
  • 2019
  • In: Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1743-0003. ; 16:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Replacement of a lost limb by an artificial substitute is not yet ideal. Resolution and coordination of motor control approximating that of a biological limb could dramatically improve the functionality of prosthetic devices, and thus reduce the gap towards a suitable limb replacement. Methods: In this study, we investigated the control resolution and coordination exhibited by subjects with transhumeral amputation who were implanted with epimysial electrodes and an osseointegrated interface that provides bidirectional communication in addition to skeletal attachment (e-OPRA Implant System). We assessed control resolution and coordination in the context of routine and delicate grasping using the Pick and Lift and the Virtual Eggs Tests. Performance when utilizing implanted electrodes was compared with the standard-of-care technology for myoelectric prostheses, namely surface electrodes. Results: Results showed that implanted electrodes provide superior controllability over the prosthetic terminal device compared to conventional surface electrodes. Significant improvements were found in the control of the grip force and its reliability during object transfer. However, these improvements failed to increase motor coordination, and surprisingly decreased the temporal correlation between grip and load forces observed with surface electrodes. We found that despite being more functional and reliable, prosthetic control via implanted electrodes still depended highly on visual feedback. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that incidental sensory feedback (visual, auditory, and osseoperceptive in this case) is insufficient for restoring natural grasp behavior in amputees, and support the idea that supplemental tactile sensory feedback is needed to learn and maintain the motor tasks internal model, which could ultimately restore natural grasp behavior in subjects using prosthetic hands. © 2019 The Author(s).
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44.
  • Mittal, Nitesh, et al. (author)
  • Ultrastrong and Bioactive Nanostructured Bio-Based Composites
  • 2017
  • In: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 11:5, s. 5148-5159
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Nature’s design of functional materials relies on smart combinations of simple components to achieve desired properties. Silk and cellulose are two clever examples from nature–spider silk being tough due to high extensibility, whereas cellulose possesses unparalleled strength and stiffness among natural materials. Unfortunately, silk proteins cannot be obtained in large quantities from spiders, and recombinant production processes are so far rather expensive. We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m–3. We also show that addition of small amounts of silk fusion proteins to CNF results in materials with advanced biofunctionalities, which cannot be anticipated for the wood-based CNF alone. These findings suggest that bio-based materials provide abundant opportunities to design composites with high strength and functionalities and bring down our dependence on fossil-based resources.
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45.
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46.
  • Norman, M., et al. (author)
  • Association Between Year of Birth and 1-Year Survival Among Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden During 2004-2007 and 2014-2016
  • 2019
  • In: Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association. - Chicago : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 321:12, s. 1188-1199
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • IMPORTANCE Since 2004-2007, national guidelines and recommendations have been developed for the management of extremely preterm births in Sweden. If and how more uniform management has affected infant survival is unknown. OBJECTIVE To compare survival of extremely preterm infants born during 2004-2007 with survival of infants born during 2014-2016. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS All births at 22-26weeks' gestational age (n = 2205) between April 1, 2004, and March 31, 2007, and between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016, in Sweden were studied. Prospective data collection was used during 2004-2007. Data were obtained from the Swedish pregnancy, medical birth, and neonatal quality registries during 2014-2016. EXPOSURES Delivery at 22-26 weeks' gestational age. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomewas infant survival to the age of 1 year. The secondary outcome was 1-year survival among live-born infants who did not have any major neonatal morbidity (specifically, without intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3-4, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity stage 3-5, or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia). RESULTS During 2004-2007, 1009 births (3.3/1000 of all births) occurred at 22-26 weeks' gestational age compared with 1196 births (3.4/1000 of all births) during 2014-2016 (P =.61). One-year survival among live-born infants at 22-26 weeks' gestational age was significantly lower during 2004-2007 (497 of 705 infants [70%]) than during 2014-2016 (711 of 923 infants [77%]) (difference, -7%[95% CI, -11% to -2.2%], P =.003). One-year survival among live-born infants at 22-26 weeks' gestational age and without any major neonatal morbidity was significantly lower during 2004-2007 (226 of 705 infants [32%]) than during 2014-2016 (355 of 923 infants [38%]) (difference, -6%[95% CI, -11% to -1.7%], P =.008). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among live births at 22-26 weeks' gestational age in Sweden, 1-year survival improved between 2004-2007 and 2014-2016.
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47.
  • Ordóñez-Mena, José Manuel, et al. (author)
  • Quantification of the smoking-associated cancer risk with rate advancement periods : meta-analysis of individual participant data from cohorts of the CHANCES consortium
  • 2016
  • In: BMC Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7015. ; 14
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Smoking is the most important individual risk factor for many cancer sites but its association with breast and prostate cancer is not entirely clear. Rate advancement periods (RAPs) may enhance communication of smoking related risk to the general population. Thus, we estimated RAPs for the association of smoking exposure (smoking status, time since smoking cessation, smoking intensity, and duration) with total and site-specific (lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, gastric, head and neck, and pancreatic) cancer incidence and mortality.Methods: This is a meta-analysis of 19 population-based prospective cohort studies with individual participant data for 897,021 European and American adults. For each cohort we calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for the association of smoking exposure with cancer outcomes using Cox regression adjusted for a common set of the most important potential confounding variables. RAPs (in years) were calculated as the ratio of the logarithms of the HRs for a given smoking exposure variable and age. Meta-analyses were employed to summarize cohort-specific HRs and RAPs.Results: Overall, 140,205 subjects had a first incident cancer, and 53,164 died from cancer, during an average follow-up of 12 years. Current smoking advanced the overall risk of developing and dying from cancer by eight and ten years, respectively, compared with never smokers. The greatest advancements in cancer risk and mortality were seen for lung cancer and the least for breast cancer. Smoking cessation was statistically significantly associated with delays in the risk of cancer development and mortality compared with continued smoking.Conclusions: This investigation shows that smoking, even among older adults, considerably advances, and cessation delays, the risk of developing and dying from cancer. These findings may be helpful in more effectively communicating the harmful effects of smoking and the beneficial effect of smoking cessation.
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48.
  • Petimar, J, et al. (author)
  • Coffee, tea, and caffeine intake and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mortality in a pooled analysis of eight prospective cohort studies.
  • 2019
  • In: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 26:3, s. 468-475
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Caffeine is associated with a lower risk of some neurological diseases, but few prospective studies have investigated caffeine intake and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mortality. We therefore determined associations between coffee, tea and caffeine intake, and risk of ALS mortality.METHODS: We conducted pooled analyses of eight international, prospective cohort studies, including 351 565 individuals (120 688 men and 230 877 women). We assessed coffee, tea and caffeine intake using validated food-frequency questionnaires administered at baseline. We used Cox regression to estimate study- and sex-specific risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ALS mortality, which were then pooled using a random-effects model. We conducted analyses using cohort-specific tertiles, absolute common cut-points and continuous measures of all exposures.RESULTS: During follow-up, 545 ALS deaths were documented. We did not observe statistically significant associations between coffee, tea or caffeine intake and risk of ALS mortality. The pooled multivariable risk ratio (MVRR) for ≥3 cups per day vs. >0 to <1 cup per day was 1.04 (95% CI, 0.74-1.47) for coffee and 1.17 (95% CI, 0.77-1.79) for tea. The pooled MVRR comparing the highest with the lowest tertile of caffeine intake (mg/day) was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.80-1.23). No statistically significant results were observed when exposures were modeled as tertiles or continuously.CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support associations between coffee, tea or total caffeine intake and risk of ALS mortality.
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49.
  • Praud, Delphine, et al. (author)
  • Cigarette smoking and gastric cancer in the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project.
  • 2018
  • In: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 27:2, s. 124-133
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Tobacco smoking is a known cause of gastric cancer, but several aspects of the association remain imprecisely quantified. We examined the relation between cigarette smoking and the risk of gastric cancer using a uniquely large dataset of 23 epidemiological studies within the 'Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project', including 10 290 cases and 26 145 controls. We estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by pooling study-specific ORs using random-effects models. Compared with never smokers, the ORs were 1.20 (95% CI: 1.09-1.32) for ever, 1.12 (95% CI: 0.99-1.27) for former, and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.11-1.40) for current cigarette smokers. Among current smokers, the risk increased with number of cigarettes per day to reach an OR of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.10-1.58) for smokers of more than 20 cigarettes per day. The risk increased with duration of smoking, to reach an OR of 1.33 (95% CI: 1.14-1.54) for more than 40 years of smoking and decreased with increasing time since stopping cigarette smoking (P for trend<0.01) and became similar to that of never smokers 10 years after stopping. Risks were somewhat higher for cardia than noncardia gastric cancer. Risks were similar when considering only studies with information on Helicobacter pylori infection and comparing all cases to H. pylori+ controls only. This study provides the most precise estimate of the detrimental effect of cigarette smoking on the risk of gastric cancer on the basis of individual data, including the relationship with dose and duration, and the decrease in risk following stopping smoking.
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50.
  • Rath, Emma M., et al. (author)
  • Structure and Potential Cellular Targets of HAMLET-like Anti-Cancer Compounds made from Milk Components
  • 2015
  • In: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. - 1482-1826. ; 18:4, s. 773-824
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The HAMLET family of compounds (Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made Lethal to Tumours) was discovered during studies on the properties of human milk, and is a class of protein-lipid complexes having broad spectrum anti-cancer, and some specific anti-bacterial properties. The structure of HAMLET-like compounds consists of an aggregation of partially unfolded protein making up the majority of the compound's mass, with fatty acid molecules bound in the hydrophobic core. This is a novel protein-lipid structure and has only recently been derived by small-angle X-ray scattering analysis. The structure is the basis of a novel cytotoxicity mechanism responsible for anti-cancer activity to all of the around 50 different cancer cell types for which the HAMLET family has been trialled. Multiple cytotoxic mechanisms have been hypothesised for the HAMLET-like compounds, but it is not yet clear which of those are the initiating cytotoxic mechanism(s) and which are subsequent activities triggered by the initiating mechanism(s). In addition to the studies into the structure of these compounds, this review presents the state of knowledge of the anti-cancer aspects of HAMLET-like compounds, the HAMLET-induced cytotoxic activities to cancer and non-cancer cells, and the several prospective cell membrane and intracellular targets of the HAMLET family. The emerging picture is that HAMLET-like compounds initiate their cytotoxic effects on what may be a cancer-specific target in the cell membrane that has yet to be identified.
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