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- Hedenius, M., et al.
(author)
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Predictors of language and reading outcomes in 12-year-old children born very preterm
- 2024
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In: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To investigate predictors of language and reading outcomes in 12-year-old Swedish children born very preterm (<32 gestational weeks) in 2004–2007. Method: Children born very preterm (n = 78, 43 girls), and term-born controls (n = 50, 32 girls), were examined on verbal IQ, semantic and phonemic fluency, sentence recall, reading fluency, word and phonological decoding at 12 years of age. The results were related to neonatal characteristics, language development, measured with Bayley-III, at 2.5 years corrected age, and concurrent non-verbal IQ. Results: Preterm children showed language and reading difficulties that were not completely accounted for by level of concurrent non-verbal IQ. Extremely preterm born children (<28 gestational weeks) demonstrated specific linguistic weaknesses. Administration of antenatal steroids, retinopathy of prematurity and persistent ductus arteriosus explained unique variance in language and reading outcomes. Language assessments at 2.5 years had low predictive value for language and reading outcomes at age 12. Conclusion: Language and reading difficulties in 12-year-old children born preterm were not fully explained by concurrent non-verbal IQ, and were not reliably predicted by language assessments at 2.5 years. Renewed language assessments at school age are warranted for identifying children with persisting linguistic difficulties.
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| 3. |
- Lum, Jarrad A. G., et al.
(author)
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Transcranial direct current stimulation enhances retention of a second (but not first) order conditional visuo-motor sequence
- 2018
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In: Brain and Cognition. - : Elsevier. - 0278-2626 .- 1090-2147. ; 127, s. 34-41
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examined the role of the left inferior frontal gyrus in the implicit learning and retention of a ‘simple’ first order conditional (FOC) sequence and a relatively ‘complex’ second order conditional (SOC) sequence, using anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS). Groups of healthy adults received either a-tDCS (n = 18) over the left inferior frontal gyrus or sham/placebo (n = 18) stimulation. On separate days, participants completed a serial reaction time (SRT) task whilst receiving stimulation. On one of the days, participants were presented with a FOC sequence and in another, a SOC sequence. Both the learning and short-term retention of the sequences were measured. Results showed a-tDCS enhanced the short-term retention of the SOC sequence but not the FOC sequence. There was no effect of a-tDCS on the learning of either FOC or SOC sequences. The results provide evidence of prefrontal involvement in the retention of a motor sequence. However, its role appears to be influenced by the complexity of the sequence’s structure. Additionally, the results show a-tDCS can enhance retention of an implicitly learnt motor sequence.
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