| 1. |
- Hultén, A, et al.
(author)
-
Recommended care for young people (15-19 years) after suicide attempts in certain European countries.
- 2000
-
In: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 9:2, s. 100-8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Data on recommended care for young people aged 15-19 years after attempted suicide from nine European research centres during the period 1989-1992 were analysed in terms of gender, history of previous suicide attempt and methods used. Altogether 438 suicide attempts made by 353 boys and 1,102 suicide attempts made by 941 girls were included. Analyses of the total data from all centres showed that young people with a history of previous suicide attempt and those using violent methods had significantly higher chance of being recommended aftercare than first-time attempters or those choosing self-poisoning. There were no significant differences of being recommended care between genders. Logistic regression analyses of the material were performed and the results were similar. Both having previous attempted suicide (odds ratio 2.0, 95% CI 1.53-2.61) and using "hard" methods (odds ratio 1.71, 95% CI 1.49-1.96) were significantly associated with increased possibility of being recommended aftercare. When individual centres were analysed, large disparities of recommended care after suicide attempts were found and there were no uniform criteria of recommending care for young suicide attempters in Europe.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Hallmans, Göran, et al.
(author)
-
Rye, lignans and human health
- 2003
-
In: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. - 0029-6651 .- 1475-2719. ; 62:1, s. 193-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rye bran contains a high content not only of dietary fibre, but also of plant lignans and other bioactive compounds in the so-called dietary fibre complex. Blood concentrations of lignans such as enterolactone have been used as biomarkers of intake of lignan-rich plant food. At present,evidence from studies in human subjects does not warrant the conclusion that rye, whole grains orphyto-oestrogens protect against cancer. Some studies, however, have pointed in that direction,especially in relation to cancers of the upper digestive tract. A number of prospective epidemiological studies have clearly shown a protective effect of wholegrain cereals against myocardial infarctions. A corresponding protective effect against diabetes and ischaemic stroke(brain infarct) has also been demonstrated. It seems reasonable to assume that these protective effects are associated with one or more factors in the dietary fibre complex.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Leinonen, E. S., et al.
(author)
-
Low-grade inflammation, endothelial activation and carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes
- 2004
-
In: J Intern Med. ; 256:2, s. 119-27
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between inflammation, endothelial activation and incipient atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. Setting and subjects. We studied 239 type 2 diabetic patients [71 with clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD)] and 78 healthy control subjects, aged 50-75 in a single research centre. METHODS: Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was determined by ultrasound. Circulating intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein, human serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, monocyte colony-stimulating factor, secretory nonpancreatic phospholipase A(2) type IIA, glucose, HbA1c, and lipid/lipoprotein variables were measured. RESULTS: Carotid IMT was significantly thicker in diabetic patients than healthy controls across the whole age range. IMT was also thicker in diabetic patients with, than without, CVD, but this difference disappeared after controlling for confounding factors. Concentrations of the inflammatory and endothelial markers except IL-6 were significantly higher in the diabetic patients than in healthy controls, but comparable in diabetic patients with and without CVD. The main determinants of IMT in the diabetic patients were blood pressure, age and diabetes duration. CONCLUSIONS: Low-grade inflammation and endothelial activation are increased in diabetic patients but do not associate with IMT or clinical CVD. The inflammatory reaction seems to be rather a feature of the metabolic syndrome than a direct determinant of atherosclerosis.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Svensson, L, et al.
(author)
-
Fatty acids modulate the effect of darglitazone on macrophage CD36 expression.
- 2003
-
In: European journal of clinical investigation. - 0014-2972. ; 33:6, s. 464-71
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Scavenger receptor-mediated uptake of cholesterol by macrophages in the arterial wall is believed to be proatherogenic. Thiazolidinediones are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma)-agonists, which are used in the treatment of type II diabetes. They reduce atherogenesis in LDL receptor deficient and ApoE knockout mice, but up-regulate CD36, which may contribute to foam cell formation. The dyslipidaemia in type II diabetes is characterized by high levels of nonesterified fatty acids. Therefore we tested the effect of fatty acids and how fatty acids and the thiazolidinedione darglitazone interact in their effect on CD36 expression in human monocytes and macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flow cytometry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to study CD36 expression. Cellular lipids were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Darglitazone increased CD36 mRNA and protein expression in human macrophage cells. In the presence of 5% human serum, darglitazone increased the accumulation of triglycerides, but did not affect cholesterol ester levels. In the presence of albumin-bound oleic or linoleic acid, darglitazone did not increase CD36 mRNA, cell-surface CD36 protein or triglyceride content. Fatty acids per se increased CD36 mRNA and protein. DISCUSSION: The increase in CD36 in macrophages suggests a role for fatty acids in the regulation of foam cell formation. The results also suggest that the potentially proatherogenic CD36 up-regulating effect of thiazolidinediones in macrophages might not be present when the cells have access to physiological levels of albumin-bound fatty acids.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
