| 1. |
- Michaud, Dominique S., et al.
(författare)
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Lifestyle, dietary factors, and antibody levels to oral bacteria in cancer-free participants of a European cohort study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 24:11, s. 1901-1909
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that oral microbiota play a pivotal role in chronic diseases, in addition to the well-established role in periodontal disease. Moreover, recent studies suggest that oral bacteria may also be involved in carcinogenesis; periodontal disease has been linked to several cancers. In this study, we examined whether lifestyle factors have an impact on antibody levels to oral bacteria.METHODS: Data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and medical conditions were obtained at the time of blood sample collection. For the current analysis, we measured antibody levels to 25 oral bacteria in 395 cancer-free individuals using an immunoblot array. Combined total immunoglobin G (IgG) levels were obtained by summing concentrations for all oral bacteria measured.RESULTS: IgG antibody levels were substantially lower among current and former smokers (1,697 and 1,677 ng/mL, respectively) than never smokers (1,960 ng/mL; p trend = 0.01), but did not vary by other factors, including body mass index, diabetes, physical activity, or by dietary factors, after adjusting for age, sex, education, country, and smoking status. The highest levels of total IgG were found among individuals with low education (2,419 ng/mL).CONCLUSIONS: Our findings on smoking are consistent with previous studies and support the notion that smokers have a compromised humoral immune response. Moreover, other major factors known to be associated with inflammatory markers, including obesity, were not associated with antibody levels to a large number of oral bacteria.
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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of myocardial ischaemia using surface microdialysis on the beating heart
- 2011
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 31:3, s. 175-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microdialysis (MD) can be used to study metabolism of the beating heart. We investigated whether microdialysis results obtained from epicardial (surface) sampling reflect acute changes in the same way as myocardial sampling from within the substance of the ventricular wall. In anaesthetized open-thorax pigs a coronary snare was placed. One microdialysis probe was placed with the sampling membrane intramyocardially (myocardial), and a second probe was placed with the sampling membrane epicardially (surface), both in the area which was made ischaemic. Ten minutes collection intervals were used for microdialysis samples. Samples from 19 pigs were analysed for lactate, glucose, pyruvate and glycerol during equilibration, baseline, ischaemia and reperfusion periods. For both probes (surface and myocardial), a total of 475 paired simultaneous samples were analysed. Results from analyses showed no differences in relative changes for glucose, lactate and glycerol during baseline, ischaemia and reperfusion. Surface microdialysis sampling is a new application of the microdialysis technique that shows promise and should be further studied.
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| 3. |
- Abrahamsson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Surface microdialysis sampling : a new approach described in a liver ischaemia model
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 32:2, s. 99-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We recently have shown that samples from microdialysis (MD) probes placed on the surface of the heart reflect metabolic events in the myocardium. This new interesting observation challenges us to consider whether surface application of MD applies to other parenchymatous organs and their surfaces. In 13 anesthetized pigs, transient liver ischaemia was achieved by occlusion of arterial and venous inflow to the liver. Two probes on liver surface and two in parenchyma were perfused with a flow rate of 1 mu l per min (n = 13). An identical set-up was used for probes with a flow rate of 2 mu l per min (n = 9). Samples were collected for every 15-min period during 60 min of baseline, 45 min of ischaemia and 60 min of reperfusion. Lactate, glucose, pyruvate and glycerol were analysed in MD samples. We focused on relative changes in the present study. There was a strong agreement in relative lactate and glucose levels between probes placed on liver surface and those on parenchyma. No significant differences in relative changes in lactate and glucose levels were seen between samples from surface probes and probes in liver parenchyma during equilibration, baseline, ischaemia or reperfusion with a flow rate of 1 mu l per min. MD sampling applied on the liver surface is a new application area for the MD technique and may be used to monitor liver metabolism during both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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| 4. |
- Ahlström, Katarina, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Exogenous carbon monoxide does not affect cell membrane energy availability assessed by sarcolemmal calcium fluxes during myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion in the pig
- 2011
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Anaesthesiology. - 0265-0215 .- 1365-2346. ; 28:5, s. 356-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon monoxide is thought to be cytoprotective and may hold therapeutic promise for mitigating ischaemic injury. The purpose of this study was to test low-dose carbon monoxide for protective effects in a porcine model of acute myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. In acute open-thorax experiments in anaesthetised pigs, pretreatment with low-dose carbon monoxide (5% increase in carboxyhaemoglobin) was conducted for 120 min before localised ischaemia (45 min) and reperfusion (60 min) was performed using a coronary snare. Metabolic and injury markers were collected by microdialysis sampling in the ventricular wall. Recovery of radio-marked calcium delivered locally by microperfusate was measured to assess carbon monoxide treatment effects during ischaemia/reperfusion on the intracellular calcium pool. Coronary occlusion and ischaemia/reperfusion were analysed for 16 animals (eight in each group). Changes in glucose, lactate and pyruvate from the ischaemic area were observed during ischaemia and reperfusion interventions, though there was no difference between carbon monoxide-treated and control groups during ischaemia or reperfusion. Similar results were observed for glycerol and microdialysate Ca-45(2+) recovery. These findings show that a relatively low and clinically relevant dose of carbon monoxide did not seem to provide acute protection as indicated by metabolic, energy-related and injury markers in a porcine myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion experimental model. We conclude that protective effects of carbon monoxide related to ischaemia/reperfusion either require higher doses of carbon monoxide or occur later after reperfusion than the immediate time frame studied here. More study is needed to characterise the mechanism and time frame of carbon monoxide-related cytoprotection.
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| 5. |
- Axelsson, Birger, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Milrinone and levosimendan during porcine myocardial ischemia : no effects on calcium overload and metabolism
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 57:6, s. 719-728
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although inotropic stimulation is considered harmful in the presence of myocardial ischaemia, both calcium sensitisers and phosphodiesterase inhibitors may offer cardioprotection. We hypothesise that these cardioprotective effects are related to an acute alteration of myocardial metabolism. We studied in vivo effects of milrinone and levosimendan on calcium overload and ischaemic markers using left ventricular microdialysis in pigs with acute myocardial ischaemia.Methods: Anaesthetised juvenile pigs, average weight 36kg, were randomised to one of three intravenous treatment groups: milrinone 50g/kg bolus plus infusion 0.5g/kg/min (n=7), levosimendan 24g/kg plus infusion 0.2g/kg/min (n=7), or placebo (n=6) for 60min prior to and during a 45min acute regional coronary occlusion. Systemic and myocardial haemodynamics were assessed, and microdialysis was performed with catheters positioned in the left ventricular wall. 45Ca2+ was included in the microperfusate in order to assess local calcium uptake into myocardial cells. The microdialysate was analysed for glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, and for 45Ca2+ recovery.Results: During ischaemia, there were no differences in microdialysate-measured parameters between control animals and milrinone- or levosimendan-treated groups. In the pre-ischaemic period, arterial blood pressure decreased in all groups while myocardial oxygen consumption remained stable.Conclusions: These findings reject the hypothesis of an immediate energy-conserving effect of milrinone and levosimendan during acute myocardial ischaemia. On the other hand, the data show that inotropic support with milrinone and levosimendan does not worsen the metabolic parameters that were measured in the ischaemic myocardium.
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| 6. |
- Blind, Per-Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Microdialysis in early detection of temporary pancreatic ischemia in a porcine model
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 49:3-4, s. 113-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ischemic injury to the pancreas occurs in various clinical conditions. A method for online monitoring of pathophysiological events in pancreatic parenchyma is missing. Aims: To assess the timing of microdialysis (MD) technique response on temporary changes in pancreatic perfusion, and to evaluate the relationship between MD data and systemic markers of anaerobic metabolism and inflammation. Methods: In anaesthetized normoventilated pigs, MD probes were placed in right (control) and left (ischemic) pancreatic lobes, respectively. Following the clamping of the vessels, ischemia was verified by tissue oxygen tension (PtiO2) measurements. Results: PtiO2 decreased within 20 min after the clamping of the vessels, already returning to baseline levels at the first sampling point after the removal of the clamp. MD lactate levels increased, whereas pyruvate and glucose levels decreased at 20 min after the induction of ischemia. These trends continued until the end of ischemia and returned to baseline following reperfusion. Serum lactate, amylase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels decreased throughout the protocol time. Conclusion: MD data were in concordance with changes in PtiO2, which is indicative of local anaerobic metabolism. MD allowed the detection of pathophysiological processes within the ischemic pancreas at a stage when no elevations of systemic markers of ischemia or inflammation were observed.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bok, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Mould growth in attics and crawlspaces
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th Nordic Symposium on Building Physic, NSB 2011.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bäckström, Ingela, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Health Related Quality Management values and Key principles of Communicative Leadership - are they the same?
- 2013
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Ingår i: 16th QMOD conference on Quality and Service Sciences ICQSS,4-6 September 2013, Portoroz, Slovenia. - 9789612322694 ; , s. 164-177
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare health related values within Quality Management with Key Principles of Communicative Leadership in order to see if Communicative leaders also promote healthy co-workers.Methodology/approach – A literature review was conducted within the area of Communicative Leadership and within the values of health related Quality Management. The principles within Communicative leadership were compared with the underlying dimensions within the health related values ‘Leadership Commitment’ and Participation of everybody’.Findings – The analysis shows that the underlying dimensions within both of the health related Quality Management values ‘Participation of everybody’ and ‘Leadership commitment’ were related to some of the Key Principles of Communicative Leadership. Practical implications – The results can help Communicative Leaders to emphasize the Key Principles that also promote healthy co-workers. The results can also help leaders that already have healthy co-workers to increase leaders’ communication competence within organizations.
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| 11. |
- Bäckström, Ingela, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Health Related Quality Management Values and Key Principles of Communicative Leadership - Are They the Same?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Quality Innovation Prosperity. - KOSICE : Technical University of Kosice, Slovakia. - 1335-1745 .- 1338-984X. ; 18:1, s. 59-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to compare health related values within Quality Management with Key Principles of Communicative Leadership in order to see if Communicative leaders also promote healthy co-workers. A literature review was conducted within the area of Communicative Leadership and within the values of health related Quality Management. The principles within Communicative leadership were compared with the underlying dimensions within the health related values ‘Leadership Commitment’ and Participation of everybody’. The analysis shows that the underlying dimensions within both of the health related Quality Management values ‘Participation of everybody’ and ‘Leadership commitment’ were related to some of the Key Principles of Communicative Leadership. The results can help Communicative Leaders to emphasize the Key Principles that also promote healthy co-workers. The results can also help leaders that already have healthy co-workers to increase leaders’ communication competence within organizations.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Danielsson Niemi, Liza, 1976-
(författare)
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Host ligands and oral bacterial adhesion : studies on phosphorylated polypeptides and gp-340 in saliva and milk
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Infectious diseases e.g. gastric ulcer, caries and perodontitis, are caused by bacteria in a biofilm. Adhesion of bacteria to host ligands e.g. proteins, polypeptides and glycoproteins, is a key event in biofilm formation and colonization of surfaces such as mucosa and tooth tissues. Thus, host ligands could contribute to the susceptibility to infectious diseases. The general aim of this doctoral thesis was to study the effect of phosphorylated polypeptides and gp-340 in saliva and milk on oral bacterial adhesion and aggregation. Statherin is a non-glycosylated, phosphorylated polypeptide in saliva. The polypeptide inhibits precipitation and crystal growth of calcium phosphate and mediates adhesion of microorganisms. By using a hybrid peptide construct, the domain for adhesion of Actinomyces isolated from human infections and from rodents was found to reside in the C-terminal end, and the adhesion was inhibitable. With alanine substitution the peptide recognition epitope in the C-terminal end was delineated to Q and TF, where QAATF was an optimal inhibitory peptide. In contrast, human commensal Actinomyces bound to the middle region in a non-inhibitable fashion. Gp-340 is another protein in saliva, and it is a large, multifunctional glycoprotein. Four novel size variants (I-IV) of salivary gp-340 were distinguished within individuals, and their glycoforms were characterized. All four size variants were identical in the N-terminal amino acid sequence and shared core carbohydrates. Low-glyco lung gp-340, high-glyco saliva gp-340, and size variants I-III aggregated bacteria differently. Human milk, which shares many traits with saliva, could inhibit adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (s-HA), a model for teeth, in an individually varying fashion. Human milk caseins, lactoferrin, secretory IgA, and IgG inhibited the binding avidly. By using synthetic peptides the inhibitory epitope in b-casein was mapped to a C-terminal stretch of 30 amino acids. Inhibition by human milk, secretory IgA and the b-casein-derived inhibitory peptide was universal among a panel of mutans streptococci. The main conclusions are: (i) statherin mediates differential binding of commensal versus infectious Actinomyces strains with small conformation-dependent binding epitopes, (ii) salivary gp-340 has individual polymorphisms that at least affect binding of bacteria, (iii) human milk inhibits S. mutans adhesion to s-HA in an individually varying fashion, and the C-terminal end of human milk β-casein is one inhibitory component. Together these results suggest that the studied host ligands can influence the composition of the oral biofilm. Statherin may protect the host from colonization of bacteria associated with infections. Gp-340 size variants may affect functions related to host innate immune defences such as interactions with a wide array of bacteria, and human milk may have a protective effect in infants from colonization of mutans streptococci.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Gluch, Pernilla, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge sharing and learning across community boundaries in an arena for energy efficient building
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 48, s. 232-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the field of sustainable development, collaborative and interdisciplinary actions are imperative for the development and implementation of proactive holistic renovation solutions. In an attempt to enhance cross-disciplinary and inter-organisational knowledge sharing, a project aimed at developing an arena for sharing knowledge pertaining to energy-efficient renovations of multi-family buildings was initiated. The authors have followed the development and implementation of this knowledge arena over a period of three years. The aim of this paper is to understand how knowledge sharing between different professional groups and practices may be facilitated: in this case between various research organisations, municipal housing companies, energy suppliers and governmental organisations. Specific focus has been on identifying mechanisms for interaction and knowledge sharing between actors that normally do not meet in their everyday practice. The theoretical approach adopted concerns social processes related to the sharing of knowledge in and between organisations and professional groups and individuals. Findings show that in the arena knowledge was mainly shared within a pilot project where researchers and practitioners were jointly engaged in the planning and renovation of a building. Interaction within the arena was enabled by the individuals’ mutual willingness to adapt and attempt to translate the disciplinary discourses and modes of communication of researchers and of practitioner specialists. Moreover, the motivation to share knowledge was related to their expectations of, and invested interest in, various arena activities. By empirically highlighting the facilitators and hindrances for knowledge-sharing in an arena for cleaner production, the paper contributes to increased understanding of inter-disciplinary communication and collaborative interaction.
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| 20. |
- Holgerson, Pernilla L, et al.
(författare)
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Oral microbial profile discriminates breast-fed from formula-fed infants
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. - 0277-2116 .- 1536-4801. ; 56:2, s. 127-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Little is known about the effect of diet on the oral microbiota of infants, although diet is known to affect the gut microbiota. The aims of the present study were to compare the oral microbiota in breast-fed and formula-fed infants, and investigate growth inhibition of streptococci by infant-isolated lactobacilli.Methods: A total of 207 mothers consented to participation of their 3-month-old infants. A total of 146 (70.5%) infants were exclusively and 38 (18.4%) partially breast-fed, and 23 (11.1%) were exclusively formula-fed. Saliva from all of their infants was cultured for Lactobacillus species, with isolate identifications from 21 infants. Lactobacillus isolates were tested for their ability to suppress Streptococcus mutans and S sanguinis. Oral swabs from 73 infants were analysed by the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM) and by quantitative polymerase chain reaction for Lactobacillus gasseri.Results: Lactobacilli were cultured from 27.8% of exclusively and partially breast-fed infants, but not from formula-fed infants. The prevalence of 14 HOMIM-detected taxa, and total salivary lactobacilli counts differed by feeding method. Multivariate modelling of HOMIM-detected bacteria and possible confounders clustered samples from breast-fed infants separately from formula-fed infants. The microbiota of breast-fed infants differed based on vaginal or C-section delivery. Isolates of L plantarum, L gasseri, and L vaginalis inhibited growth of the cariogenic S mutans and the commensal S sanguinis: L plantarum >L gasseri >L vaginalis.Conclusions: The microbiota of the mouth differs between 3-month-old breast-fed and formula-fed infants. Possible mechanisms for microbial differences observed include species suppression by lactobacilli indigenous to breast milk.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Isaksson, Tord, et al.
(författare)
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Critical conditions for onset of mould growth under varying climate conditions
- 2010
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-684X .- 0360-1323. ; 45:7, s. 1712-1721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A performance-based service life design format based on climatic exposure on one hand and "resistance" of materials against mould growth on the other hand, is presented in this paper. A limit state for onset of mould growth is defined as the occurrence of traces of mould observed by microscopy. A dose-response model is proposed by which onset of mould growth can be predicted for an arbitrary climate history of combined relative humidity phi and temperature T. The model is calibrated and verified against a comprehensive set of experimental data published by Viitanen et al. [Viitanen H, Ritschkoff A-C. Mould growth in pine and spruce sapwood in relation to air humidity and temperature. Uppsala: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Products; 1991. Report No. 221, 49 p.: Viitanen H. Modelling the time factor in the development of mould fungi - effect of critical humidity and temperature conditions in pine and spruce sapwood. Holzforschung 1997;51(1):6-14; Viitanen H. Modelling the time factor in the development of brown rot decay in pine and spruce sapwood - the effect of critical humidity and temperature conditions. Holzforschung 1997:51(2):99-106; Viitanen H. Bjurman J. Mould growth on wood under fluctuating humidity conditions. Material und Organismen 1995;29(1):27-46] describing mould development on spruce and pine sapwood as a function of climatic exposure. The model is applied to predict time to onset of mould growth under natural outdoor climate (under shelter) as well as mould development in building attics and in crawl space foundations. The predicted response shows reasonable agreement with experimental observations and proven experience, although biological processes of this type display great variability. The results show that a generally applicable, quantitative model can be used as a powerful tool for moisture safe design in practice. The model is designed to facilitate continuous improvement of prediction capability by further laboratory testing of various materials under specified climate conditions. In combination with currently available building physics software the model is suitable for moisture safe design of wood-based components in the building envelope. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 23. |
- Johansson, Anette G M, et al.
(författare)
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AKR1C4 gene variant associated with low euthymic serum progesterone and a history of mood irritability in males with bipolar disorder.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of affective disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1573-2517 .- 0165-0327. ; 133:1-2, s. 346-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Irritable mood during mood elevation is common in bipolar disorder. The progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone (ALLO) has been implicated in other disorders presenting with irritability. This study aimed to test whether a history of manic/hypomanic irritability is associated with low serum progesterone levels; and whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in gene coding for steroidogenetic enzymes (HSD3B2, SRD5A1 and AKR1C4 were coupled to previous manic irritability and/or with serum progesterone concentrations.
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| 24. |
- Johansson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Mast cells are novel independent prognostic markers in prostate cancer and represent a target for therapy
- 2010
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Ingår i: American Journal of Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9440 .- 1525-2191. ; 177:2, s. 1031-1041
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mast cells affect growth in various human tumors, but their role in prostate cancer (PC) is unclear. Here, we identify mast cells as independent prognostic markers in PC using a large cohort of untreated PC patients with a long follow-up. By analyzing mast cells in different tissue compartments, our data indicate that intratumoral and peritumoral mast cells have anti- opposed to protumor properties. Intratumoral mast cells negatively regulate angiogenesis and tumor growth, whereas peritumoral mast cells stimulate the expansion of human prostate tumors. We also observed mast cell recruitment particularly to the peritumoral compartment in men during the formation of castrate-resistant prostate tumors. In our ortothopic rat model, mast cells accumulated in the peritumoral tissue where they enhanced angiogenesis and tumor growth. In line with this, prostate mast cells expressed high levels of the angiogenic factor FGF-2. Similar to the situation in men, mast cells infiltrated rat prostate tumors that relapsed after initially effective castration treatment, concurrent with a second wave of angiogenesis and an up-regulation of FGF-2. We conclude that mast cells are novel independent prognostic markers in PC and affect tumor progression in animals and patients. In addition, peritumoral mast cells provide FGF-2 to the tumor micro environment, which may contribute to their stimulating effect on angiogenesis.
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| 25. |
- Johansson, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Milk and oral health
- 2011
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Ingår i: Milk and Milk Products in Human Nutrition. - : S. Karger. ; , s. 55-66
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oral health includes freedom from disease in the gums, the mucosa and the teeth. There has been a striking reduction in dental caries and periodontitis in industrialized countries, although the proportion with severe disease has remained at 10-15%, and the prevalence increases in less developed countries. If left untreated, these diseases may lead to pain, and impaired quality of life and nutritional status. Prevention and treatment need, besides traditional implementation of proper oral hygiene, sugar restriction and use of fluoride, newer cost-effective strategies. Non-sweetened dairy products, which are proven non-cariogenic, or specific bioactive components from alike sources might prove to be part of such strategies. Thus, milk proteins, such as bovine and human caseins and lactoferrin, inhibit initial attachment of cariogenic mutans streptococci to hydroxyapatite coated with saliva or purified saliva host ligands. In contrast, both bovine and human milk coated on hydroxyapatite promotes attachment of commensal Actinomyces naeslundii and other streptococci in vitro, and phosphorylated milk-derived peptides promote maintenance of tooth minerals, as shown for the β-casein-derived caseino-phosphate peptide. Observational studies are promising, but randomized clinical trials are needed to reveal if dairy products could be a complementary treatment for oral health.
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| 26. |
- Johansson, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Snacking habits and caries in young children
- 2010
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Ingår i: Caries Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0008-6568 .- 1421-976X. ; 44:5, s. 421-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dental caries is caused by a combination of infection and diet. This disease, if left untreated, may lead to pain, and impair the quality of life, nutritional status and development of young children. The objective was to investigate the association between snacking and caries in a population at high risk of dental caries. American preschool children (n = 1,206) were recruited in the offices of paediatricians. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene, breast-feeding, use of bottle and snacking were collected by questionnaire. Plaque presence, the number of teeth and their caries status (deft) were scored. The children sampled were 61% Black, 27% White and 10% Asian. Of the 1- to 2-, 2- to 3- and 3- to 4-year-old children, 93.8, 82.4 and 77.3% were caries free, and their mean caries scores were 0.16, 0.58 and 0.93, respectively. Multivariate partial least squares (PLS) modelling revealed plaque presence, lowest income, descriptors for tooth exposure time (number of teeth and age) and cariogenic challenge (total intake of sugar-containing snacks and chips/crisps, and chips intake with a sugar-containing drink) to be associated with more caries. These differences were also found in univariate analyses; in addition, children who continued breast-feeding after falling asleep had significantly higher deft values than those who did not. PLS modelling revealed that eating chips clustered with eating many sweet snacks, candies, popcorn and ice cream. We conclude that, in addition to the traditional risk indicators for caries - presence of plaque, sugar intake and socioeconomic status -, consumption of chips was associated with caries in young children.
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| 27. |
- Johansson, Karin, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Constructing an Arena for Energy Efficient Multi-family Housing Development: A case study of inter-organisational knowledge sharing
- 2010
-
Ingår i: ERSCP-EMSU 2010, 25-29 October in Delft.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish building sector has for a long time struggled with the difficulty to create andshare new knowledge. Within the sector, groups of professionals have been found to onlyshare knowledge with members of their network, not with those they consider to be outsiders.As an attempt to unite different views and professional groupings, an arena project forsharing knowledge on energy efficient renovation of multi-family buildings was created by agroup of scientists. This paper is examining the forming of this knowledge arena forsustainability. The overall purpose is to create an understanding of how knowledge can beshared between different communities. The paper identifies triggers that facilitate knowledgesharing between arena participants representing different organisations related to theSwedish building sector. By using case study methodology, data was collected throughinterviews with arena participants, observations and document studies. Findings revealedarena seminars and pilot projects as catalysts for social interaction, and a common toolserved as a coincident boundary object. All three triggered sharing of knowledge acrosscommunities. Still, in spite of good prerequisites, the social interaction that took place on thearena was not enough to inspire sharing of knowledge to any large extent, thus preventingthe arena project becoming what was hoped for, i.e. a driver of innovation for sustainability.
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| 28. |
- Johansson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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An innovative test method for evaluating the critical moisture level for mould growth on building materials
- 2014
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 81:Nov, s. 404-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The critical moisture level (RHcrit) for mould growth, that is the lowest relative humidity (RH) at which mould can grow, varies between different materials. The factors that most affect mould growth, RH and temperature, also vary in different parts of a building. One way of preventing the growth of mould in buildings is therefore to choose building materials that can withstand the expected conditions, materials that have a higher critical moisture level than the highest expected RH. It is thus crucial that data are available to allow the correct choice of materials to be made. In this paper an innovative laboratory test method for determining the RHcrit of a material is described and discussed. The results from testing of a material according to the method gives information to make the correct choices. The method is developed based on the results of a variety of laboratory studies and has been validated by field studies.
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| 29. |
- Johansson, Pernilla
(författare)
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Debt Relief, Investment and Growth
- 2010
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Ingår i: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5991 .- 0305-750X. ; 38:9, s. 1204-1216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1989 to 2004 the donor community provided approximately $400 billion in debt relief to developing countries in an attempt to promote growth and reduce poverty. Using a sample of 118 developing countries, this paper empirically assesses the impact of debt relief on growth via (1) resources made available for investment from reduced debt service payments and (2)improved incentives to invest from a reduced debt stock. Although the results show no general evidence of a growth effect from debt relief, the study provides certain evidence that it promotes investment and thereby growth in countries not classified as HIPCs.
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| 30. |
- Johansson, Pernilla
(författare)
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Determination of the Critical Moisture Level for Mould Growth on Building Materials
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The susceptibility to mould growth varies between building materials. The factors that most affect mould growth, the relative humidity (RH) and temperature also vary in different parts of buildings. One way of preventing the growth of mould in buildings is therefore to choose building materials that can withstand the expected conditions. It is thus crucial that data are available to allow the correct choices of materials to be made, especially information on the critical moisture level for mould growth is needed. This is the lowest RH at which mould can grow on the building material. In this work, a variety of laboratory studies on mould growth on building materials at different combinations of RH and temperature were performed. Based on the results, the critical moisture level for the tested materials were determined. This made it possible to predict the propensity for mould growth on these materials in parts of building subject to known RH and temperature. To validate these predictions, the same materials tested in the laboratory were exposed to the conditions in three crawlspaces and three attics, with varying RH and temperature, for 2½ years. Good agreement was found between the predicted and observed mould growth. A new test method for determining the critical moisture level of a material was therefore developed based on the results of these studies. It was also shown that this method will make better prediction than traditional mould resistance tests, which evaluate the resistance to mould growth in a “worst case scenario”, i.e. at relatively high RH and temperature. The RH and temperature in buildings fluctuate, as does the length of time that the critical mositure level is exceeded. A simplified approach, considering the cumulative time that conditions had exceeded this level gave sufficient information to validate the laboratory tests. Using this approach will not underestimate the risk of mould growth, but will include a margin of safety. However, it was also shown in this work that to make more precise predictions of the mould growth, the length of the favourable conditions of RH and temperature must also be taken into account. Test specimens of wood were exposed to alternating conditions of favourable and non-favourable RH, either on a short-term basis (12 hours) or a longer term basis (1 week), while maintaining the temperature at a favourable level for mould growth. The results were compared to those obtained following exposure to constant, favourable RH. It was shown that both the cyclic conditions slowed down the process of mould growth on wood; the long-term cycling more than the short term. Fluctuating temperature, while keeping the RH constant at a favourable level, also had an effect on mould growth, as it was slowed down. In order to determine the critical moisture level of a material, it is assumed that this property is the same for all samples from that particular material. Wood is a commonly used building material in Sweden. It is an inhomogeneous material and it was shown in a meta-study in this work that several characteristics of wood affect its susceptibility to mould growth; surface structure, wood species, sawing pattern and if the surface was recently planed or sawn. It is therefore not possible to predict the general susceptibility of wood to mould based only on a few data as it is affected by several parameters and it is therefore probably not possible to determine a general value of the critical mositure value for wood. Also, the susceptibility cannot be described by one single parameter, as it depends also on other parameters.
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| 31. |
- Johansson, Pernilla
(författare)
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From debt crisis to debt relief: A study of debt determinants, aid composition and debt relief effectiveness
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores the external debt situation of developing countries and donor responses in terms of aid composition and debt relief. Primarily, these issues are important for future debt sustainability and therefore for creating beneficial conditions for accelerating growth and reducing poverty. With a focus on domestic factors (e.g. regime type) and exogenous shocks (e.g. terms of trade volatility), Chapter 2 provides empirical evidence about debt accumulation in developing countries over the period 1975–2004. The results show that neither domestic factors nor exogenous shocks explain debt accumulation to a great extent. Instead, the most important factor explaining debt accumulation is initial debt, suggesting that country-specific factors beyond regime type and exogenous shocks are more important. The results, moreover, appear to lend support to a change in the debt regime recently as high debt countries accumulated more debt in the beginning of the sample period but less debt over the period 1995–2004. Chapter 3 studies whether the poorest and most indebted countries receive foreign aid in the form of grants rather than loans. By studying bilateral aid flows to low- and middle-income countries between 1975 and 2004, the chapter provides empirical evidence on the determinants of the grant component of aid flows. While the analysis finds no evidence that more indebted countries receive a higher grant component, it shows that poorer countries tend to receive a significantly higher grant component of aid. The results suggest that the recent grant versus loan debate should focus not only on a total increase in the grant component of aid but also on the actual allocation of the grant–loan mix to recipient countries. Chapter 4 evaluates the effectiveness of debt relief over the period 1989–2004. Using a sample of 118 developing countries, this chapter empirically assesses the impact of debt relief on growth via (1) resources made available for investment from reduced debt service payments and (2) improved incentives to invest from a reduced debt stock. Although the results show no general evidence of a growth effect from debt relief, the study provides certain evidence that it promotes investment and thereby growth in countries not classified as HIPCs. Overall, the thesis suggests that future debt sustainability is possible – mainly because of a changing debt regime and an increase in grant flows. It questions, however, whether debt relief is able to generate what it promises in heavily indebted countries.
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| 32. |
- Johansson, Pernilla
(författare)
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Grants to Needy Countries? A Study of Aid Composition between 1975 and 2005
- 2011
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Ingår i: Development Policy Review. - : Wiley. - 0950-6764. ; 29:2, s. 185-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses whether the poorest and most indebted countries receive aid in the form of grants rather than loans, by studying bilateral aid flows to low- and middle-income countries between 1975 and 2005. The empirical analysis finds no evidence that more indebted countries receive a higher grant component, but it does show that poorer countries receive a significantly higher grant component, although the size of the effect is quite limited.
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| 33. |
- Johansson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Laboratory study to determine the critical moisture level for mould growth on building materials
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-8305 .- 1879-0208. ; 73:23, s. 23-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The susceptibility of building materials to mould growth varies. Some are tolerant to high relative humidity in the ambient air without mould growth occurring, while others are less tolerant, and mould can grow in relative humidity as low as 75%. Within a building, constructions are exposed to different temperatures and relative humidities. To minimise the risk of microbial growth, building materials should be chosen that are tolerant to the expected conditions. In this study, the critical moisture levels for ten building materials with a range of expected critical moisture levels (wood-based materials, gypsum boards and inorganic boards) were evaluated. Samples of the building materials were inoculated with spores from six species of mould fungi (Eurotium herbariorum, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aureobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Stachybotrys chartarum) and incubated in test cabinets at specified temperature (10 °C and 22 °C) and relative humidity conditions (75-95%); growth of mould was analysed weekly for at least 12 weeks. One of the conclusions is that two similar building materials or products may have considerably different resistance to mould growth, and so the results from one type of building material cannot be applied to the other. Also, in order to compare results from different tests, it is important to use the same test method. It is also important to state the temperature at which the critical moisture level applies and how long the material is exposed to the temperature and relative humidity conditions during the test.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Johansson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Mould growth on kiln-dried and air-dried timber
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Wood & Wood Products. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-3768 .- 1436-736X. ; 71:4, s. 473-481
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem with discoloration, due to fungal growth, of wooden outdoor constructions seems to have increased in recent years. One reason for this increase might be an impact of new drying methods of timber. Modern kiln drying methods use high temperatures in an effort to shorten the drying process, which leads to fast capillary water transport and subsequently redistribution and accumulation of dissolved substances at the surface. These can then be used as nutrients by fungi. In this study, wood was dried according to different simulated drying schedules. The mould resistance of the timber was then tested. Wood dried at room temperature was used as a reference. No differences could be confirmed at the end of the test; mould growth was extensive on all the samples. However, mould growth started earlier on the kiln-dried samples than on air-dried timber. As for the discolouring fungus, there was a clear difference between wood dried at room temperature and kiln-dried wood, though no difference could be established between the two artificial methods.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Johansson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Mögeltillväxt på virke från småhusfabriker
- 2011
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trävirke är ett förnyelsebart byggnadsmaterial som kan brytas ner av mikroorganismer. För att en mikrobiell aktivet ska kunna uppstå krävs att rätt miljöbetingelser uppstår och i byggnader är tillgången till vatten den främst reglerande faktorn. I projektet har mögeltillväxten studerats på virke från tre olika småhustillverkare under olika klimatförhållanden och sporexponeringar
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Johansson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of cyclic moisture and temperature on mould growth onwood compared to steady state conditions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 65, s. 178-184
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Moisture and temperature are the two key environmental parameters that determine the possibility of mould growth on building materials. The time that the material is exposed to these elements is also crucial. The natural environmental conditions of relative humidity and temperature are seldom constant over prolonged time periods in a building. Instead, they vary over time, with fungi encountering both favourable and unfavourable conditions; such variable conditions affect mould growth. This paper reports findings from a laboratory study in which mould growth at alternating RH (between 90% and 60%) or temperature conditions (between 22°C and 5°C) was studied and compared to steady state conditions. Fluctuating RH led to slower mould growth, and when the period of unfavourable/favourable conditions was longer (1 week), growth was affected more than if the duration of these conditions was short (12h). When alternating the temperature weekly between 22°C and 5°C, with a mean of 13°C, the mould growth rate was lower compared to when the temperature was held constant at 22°C.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Johansson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Validation of critical moisture conditions for mould growth on building materials
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323. ; 62, s. 201-209
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Materials that are stored or used in damp conditions may be subject to mould growth. However, all materials are not equally susceptible; for each specific material, there is a critical moisture level for mould growth. If this is exceeded, there is a risk that mould fungi will develop on the material. This level can be determined in accelerated laboratory tests, at constant temperatures and relative humidity (RH) favourable to mould growth. Within a building however, these parameters are expected to vary from one part of the construction to another, and are seldom constant; there is fluctuation in temperature and RH due to seasonal or shorter-term variations. In this study, test pieces of the same materials tested in a laboratory environment were placed in three outdoor ventilated crawl spaces and three outdoor ventilated attics, where the temperature and RH varied, and mould growth on the test pieces was studied over 2.5 years. Material-specific mould growth curves were produced based on critical moisture levels, as determined in laboratory experiments under constant temperature and RH. When the actual conditions of RH and temperature exceeded these curves, there was mould growth on the test pieces if the time was sufficiently long. The conclusion from the study is that although conditions in laboratory studies are simplified and accelerated, the results serve well to indicate mould growth within a building construction.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Levin, Malin, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Rip2 deficiency leads to increased atherosclerosis despite decreased inflammation.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Circulation research. - 1524-4571. ; 109:11, s. 1210-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The innate immune system and in particular the pattern-recognition receptors Toll-like receptors have recently been linked to atherosclerosis. Consequently, inhibition of various signaling molecules downstream of the Toll-like receptors has been tested as a strategy to prevent progression of atherosclerosis. Receptor-interacting protein 2 (Rip2) is a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in multiple nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) activation pathways, including Toll-like receptors, and is therefore an interesting potential target for pharmaceutical intervention.
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| 44. |
- Lif Holgerson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Mode of birth delivery affects oral microbiota in infants
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 90:10, s. 1183-1188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Establishment of the microbiota of the gut has been shown to differ between infants delivered by Caesarian section (C-section) and those delivered vaginally. The aim of the present study was to compare the oral microbiota in infants delivered by these different routes. The oral biofilm was assayed by the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM) in healthy three-month-old infants, 38 infants born by C-section, and 25 infants delivered vaginally. Among over 300 bacterial taxa targeted by the HOMIM microarray, Slackia exigua was detected only in infants delivered by C-section. Further, significantly more bacterial taxa were detected in the infants delivered vaginally (79 species/species clusters) compared with infants delivered by C-section (54 species/species clusters). Multivariate modeling revealed a strong model that separated the microbiota of C-section and vaginally delivered infants into two distinct colonization patterns. In conclusion, our study indicated differences in the oral microbiota in infants due to mode of delivery, with vaginally delivered infants having a higher number of taxa detected by the HOMIM microarray.
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| 45. |
- Lindahl, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Copy number variants in the kallikrein gene cluster.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The kallikrein gene family (KLK1-KLK15) is the largest contiguous group of protease genes within the human genome and is associated with both risk and outcome of cancer and other diseases. We searched for copy number variants in all KLK genes using quantitative PCR analysis and analysis of inheritance patterns of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Two deletions were identified: one 2235-bp deletion in KLK9 present in 1.2% of alleles, and one 3394-bp deletion in KLK15 present in 4.0% of alleles. Each deletion eliminated one complete exon and created out-of-frame coding that eliminated the catalytic triad of the resulting truncated gene product, which therefore likely is a non-functional protein. Deletion breakpoints identified by DNA sequencing located the KLK9 deletion breakpoint to a long interspersed element (LINE) repeated sequence, while the deletion in KLK15 is located in a single copy sequence. To search for an association between each deletion and risk of prostate cancer (PC), we analyzed a cohort of 667 biopsied men (266 PC cases and 401 men with no evidence of PC at biopsy) using short deletion-specific PCR assays. There was no association between evidence of PC in this cohort and the presence of either gene deletion. Haplotyping revealed a single origin of each deletion, with most recent common ancestor estimates of 3000-8000 and 6000-14 000 years for the deletions in KLK9 and KLK15, respectively. The presence of the deletions on the same haplotypes in 1000 Genomes data of both European and African populations indicate an early origin of both deletions. The old age in combination with homozygous presence of loss-of-function variants suggests that some kallikrein-related peptidases have non-essential functions.
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| 46. |
- Mikaelsson, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Direct Observation of Protein Unfolded State Compaction in the Presence of Macromolecular Crowding
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Biophysical Journal. - : Cell Press. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 104:3, s. 694-704
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteins fold and function in cellular environments that are crowded with other macromolecules. As a consequence of excluded volume effects, compact folded states of proteins should be indirectly stabilized due to destabilization of extended unfolded conformations. Here, we assess the role of excluded volume in terms of protein stability, structural dimensions and folding dynamics using a sugar-based crowding agent, dextran 20, and the small ribosomal protein S16 as a model system. To specifically address dimensions, we labeled the protein with BODIPY at two positions and measured Trp-BODIPY distances under different conditions. As expected, we found that dextran 20 (200 mg/ml) stabilized the variants against urea-induced unfolding. At conditions where the protein is unfolded, Förster resonance energy transfer measurements reveal that in the presence of dextran, the unfolded ensemble is more compact and there is residual structure left as probed by far-ultraviolet circular dichroism. In the presence of a crowding agent, folding rates are faster in the two-state regime, and at low denaturant concentrations, a kinetic intermediate is favored. Our study provides direct evidence for protein unfolded-state compaction in the presence of macromolecular crowding along with its energetic and kinetic consequences.
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| 47. |
- Mikaelsson, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Macromolecular crowding effects on two homologs of ribosomal protein S16 : protein-dependent structural changes and local interactions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biophysical Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 107:2, s. 401-410
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteins function in cellular environments that are crowded with biomolecules, and in this reduced available space, their biophysical properties may differ from those observed in dilute solutions in vitro. Here, we investigated the effects of a synthetic macromolecular crowding agent, dextran 20, on the folded states of hyperthermophilic (S16T(herme)) and mesophilic (S161homologs of the ribosomal protein S16. As expected for an excluded-volume effect, the resistance of the mesophilic Meso, protein to heat-induced unfolding increased in the presence of dextran 20, and chemical denaturation experiments at different fixed temperatures showed the macromolecular crowding effect to be temperature-independent. Forster resonance energy transfer experiments show that intramolecular distances between an intrinsic Trp residue and BODIPY-labeled S16 Meso depend on the level of the crowding agent. The BODIPY group was attached at three specific positions in S16me, allowing measurements of three intraprotein distances. All S16meso variants exhibited a decrease in the average Trp-BODIPY distance at up to 100 mg/mL dextran 20, whereas the changes in distance became anisotropic (one distance increased, two distances decreased) at higher dextran concentrations. In contrast, the two 516-rhermo mutants did not show any changes in Trp-BODIPY distances upon increase of dextran 20 concentrations. It should be noted that the fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes of BODIPY attached to the two S16 homologs decreased gradually in the presence of dextran 20. To investigate the origin of this decrease, we studied the BODIPY quantum yield in three protein variants in the presence of a tyrosine-labeled dextran. The experiments revealed distinct tyrosine quenching behaviors of BODIPY in the three variants, suggesting a dynamic local interaction between dextran and one particular S16 variant.
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| 48. |
- Mjörnell, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Wooden framed buildings of the future
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Building Physics Conferenc.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 49. |
- Månsson, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of low fat contents: a comparison of MR imaging and spectroscopy methods at 1.5 and 3 T.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Magnetic Resonance Imaging. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5894 .- 0730-725X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has long been considered the golden standard for non-invasive measurement of tissue fat content. With improved techniques for fat/water separation, imaging has become an alternative to MRS for fat quantification. Several imaging models have been proposed, but their performance relative to MRS at very low fat contents is yet not fully established. In this work, imaging and spectroscopy were compared at 1.5 T and 3 T in phantoms with 0-3% fat fraction (FF). We propose a multispectral model with individual a priori R(2) relaxation rates for water and fat, and a common unknown R(2)' relaxation. Magnitude and complex image reconstructions were also compared. Best accuracy was obtained with the imaging method at 1.5 T. At 3 T, the FFs were underestimated due to larger fat-water phase shifts. Agreement between measured and true FF was excellent for the imaging method at 1.5 T (imaging: FF(meas)=0.98 FF(true)-0.01%, spectroscopy: FF(meas)=0.77 FF(true)+0.08%), and fair at 3 T (imaging: FF(meas)=0.91 FF(true)-0.19%, spectroscopy: FF(meas)=0.79 FF(true)+0.02%). The imaging method was able to quantify FFs down to approx. 0.5%. We conclude that the suggested imaging model is capable of fat quantification with accuracy and precision similar to or better than spectroscopy and offers an improvement vs. a model with a common R(2)* relaxation only.
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| 50. |
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