| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Simonson, Oscar E., et al.
(author)
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In Vivo Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Two Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- 2015
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In: Stem Cells Translational Medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2157-6564 .- 2157-6580. ; 4:10, s. 1199-1213
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been investigated as a treatment for various inflammatory diseases because of their immunomodulatory and reparative properties. However, many basic questions concerning their mechanisms of action after systemic infusion remain unanswered. We performed a detailed analysis of the immunomodulatory properties and proteomic profile of MSCs systemically administered to two patients with severe refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on a compassionate use basis and attempted to correlate these with in vivo anti-inflammatory actions. Both patients received 2 x 10(6) cells per kilogram, and each subsequently improved with resolution of respiratory, hemodynamic, and multiorgan failure. In parallel, a decrease was seen in multiple pulmonary and systemic markers of inflammation, including epithelial apoptosis, alveolar-capillary fluid leakage, and proinflammatory cytokines, microRNAs, and chemokines. In vitro studies of the MSCs demonstrated a broad anti-inflammatory capacity, including suppression of T-cell responses and induction of regulatory phenotypes in T cells, monocytes, and neutrophils. Some of these in vitro potency assessments correlated with, and were relevant to, the observed in vivo actions. These experiences highlight both the mechanistic information that can be gained from clinical experience and the value of correlating in vitro potency assessments with clinical effects. The findings also suggest, but do not prove, a beneficial effect of lung protective strategies using adoptively transferred MSCs in ARDS. Appropriate randomized clinical trials are required to further assess any potential clinical efficacy and investigate the effects on in vivo inflammation. STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015;4:1199-1213
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Petter, et al.
(author)
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Roads may act as barriers to flying insects : Species composition of bees and wasps differs on two sides of a large highway
- 2017
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In: Nature Conservation. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-6947 .- 1314-3301. ; 18, s. 47-59
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Roads may act as barriers to animal movements, but direct barrier effects on insects have rarely been studied. In this study we collected data on bees and wasps along two sides of a large road in Sweden using yellow pan traps. We then analyzed if the species composition differed between the two sides of the road; first for the whole community, and then only for the smallest species (which typically are poorer dispersers). As a complement, we analyzed if different vegetation variables differed between the two sides of the road, as this may also affect differences in species composition. Finally, we analyzed if species richness and abundance in general differed between the two sides and how these two response variables were explained by the vegetation variables. There was a significant difference in species composition between the eastern and the western side of the road when analyzing the whole community, and this relationship became even stronger when the largest species were excluded. The vegetation variables did not strongly differ between the two sides, and there was no difference in species richness and abundance of bees and wasps either. Abundance was, however, explained by the number of flowering plants in the surroundings of the trap. Even though using a rather limited data set, our results indicate that large roads may act as barriers on the movement of bees and wasps, especially for small species with poor dispersal ability. On the other hand, road verges may be important habitat for many species, which leads to a potential conflict that is important to consider in the planning of green infrastructure.
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| 4. |
- Aucouturier, Jean-Julien, et al.
(author)
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Covert digital manipulation of vocal emotion alter speakers' emotional states in a congruent direction
- 2016
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 113:4, s. 948-953
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research has shown that people often exert control over their emotions. By modulating expressions, reappraising feelings, and redirecting attention, they can regulate their emotional experience. These findings have contributed to a blurring of the traditional boundaries between cognitive and emotional processes, and it has been suggested that emotional signals are produced in a goal-directed way and monitored for errors like other intentional actions. However, this interesting possibility has never been experimentally tested. To this end, we created a digital audio platform to covertly modify the emotional tone of participants' voices while they talked in the direction of happiness, sadness, or fear. The result showed that the audio transformations were being perceived as natural examples of the intended emotions, but the great majority of the participants, nevertheless, remained unaware that their own voices were being manipulated. This finding indicates that people are not continuously monitoring their own voice to make sure that it meets a predetermined emotional target. Instead, as a consequence of listening to their altered voices, the emotional state of the participants changed in congruence with the emotion portrayed, which was measured by both self-report and skin conductance level. This change is the first evidence, to our knowledge, of peripheral feedback effects on emotional experience in the auditory domain. As such, our result reinforces the wider framework of self-perception theory: that we often use the same inferential strategies to understand ourselves as those that we use to understand others.
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| 5. |
- Bartek, Jiri, Jr., et al.
(author)
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Scandinavian Multicenter Acute Subdural Hematoma (SMASH) Study : Study Protocol for a Multinational Population-Based Consecutive Cohort
- 2019
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In: Neurosurgery. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0148-396X .- 1524-4040. ; 84:3, s. 799-803
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUNDTraumatic acute subdural hematomas (ASDHs) are associated with high rate of morbidity and mortality, especially in elderly individuals. However, recent reports indicate that the morbidity and mortality rates might have improved.OBJECTIVETo evaluate postoperative (30-d) mortality in younger vs elderly (70 yr) patients with ASDH. Comparing younger and elderly patients, the secondary objectives are morbidity patterns of care and 6 mo outcome according to Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). Finally, in patients with traumatic ASDH, we aim to provide prognostic variables.METHODS This is a large-scale population-based Scandinavian study including all neurosurgical departments in Denmark and Sweden. All adult (18 yr) patients surgically treated between 2010 and 2014 for a traumatic ASDH in Denmark and Sweden will be included. Identification at clinicaltrials.gov is NCT03284190.EXPECTED OUTCOMESWe expect to provide data on potential differences between younger vs elderly patients in terms of mortality and morbidity. We hypothesize that elderly patients selected for surgery have a similar pattern of care as compared with younger patients. We will provide functional outcome in terms of GOS at 6 mo in younger vs elderly patients undergoing ASDH evacuation. Finally, clinical useful prognostic factors for favorable (GOS 4-5) vs unfavorable (GOS 1-3) will be identified.DISCUSSION An improved understanding of the clinical outcome, treatment and resource allocation, clinical course, and the prognostic factors of traumatic ASDH will allow neurosurgeons to make better treatment decisions.
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| 6. |
- Bengtsson, Mathilda, et al.
(author)
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Metoden ByggF-PST : Tillämpning av ByggaF på tillverkning av prefabricerade småhus i trä. Version 1.0
- 2018
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Metoden som presenteras i detta dokument är en tillämpning av ByggaF påprefabricerad småhustillverkning av hus med träbaserad stomme kallad:”ByggaF för Prefabricerade småhus med trästomme”, hädanefter omnämnd somByggaF-PST. ByggaF-PST är en metod som säkerställer, dokumenterar ochkommunicerar fuktsäkerheten i hela byggprocessen, från planering tillbruksskede. Metoden innebär ett arbetssätt för att uppfylla samhällets krav påfuktsäkerhet och innehåller rutiner och hjälpmedel för alla aktörer, frånsmåhustillverkare, konsulter, materialleverantörer och entreprenörer.
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| 7. |
- Bergvall, Ulrika A., 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Chemical Immobilization of Free-ranging Fallow Deer (Dama dama) : Effect of Needle Length on Induction Time
- 2015
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In: Journal of Wildlife Diseases. - : Wildlife Disease Association. - 0090-3558 .- 1943-3700. ; 51:2, s. 484-487
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We evaluated impact of the needle length, sex, and body condition on chemical immobilization induction time in 50 (29 males and 21 females) free-ranging fallow deer (Dama dama) in Sweden, 2006-11. Induction time is probably the single most important factor when immobilizing free-ranging wildlife with the use of a remote drug-delivery system. Induction times should be short to minimize stress and risk of injury, and to ensure that immobilized animals can be found and clinically monitored as soon as possible. We measured the distance between the darting location and where we recovered the immobilized animal and also the time occurring between the two events. We used two types of needles: 2.0 × 30- or 2.0 × 40-mm barbed needles with side ports. The most important result is that a 10-mm-longer dart needle can reduce the retrieval time substantially (>20 min) until an animal is under monitoring. On average after the darting, the retrieval time decreased from 51 to 29 min and the distance decreased from 519 m from the darting location to 294 m. We suggest that a needle length of 40 mm is preferable for immobilization of wild fallow deer, especially for animals in over-average-to-fat body condition.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Blomkvist, Pär, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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Systems thinking in Industrial dynamics
- 2016
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In: A Dynamic Mind. Perspectives on Industrial Dynamics in Honour of Staffan Laestadius. - : Division of Sustainability and Industrial Dynamics, Department of Industrial Economics and Management, KTH.. ; , s. 45-74
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 10. |
- Blomkvist, Pär, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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This is Industrial Dynamics
- 2016
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In: A Dynamic Mind. Perspectives on Industrial Dynamics in Honour of Staffan Laestadius. - : Division of Sustainability and Industrial Dynamics, Department of Industrial Economics and Management, KTH..
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 11. |
- Cheung, T, et al.
(author)
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Consumers' Choice-Blindness to Ingredient Information.
- 2015
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In: Appetite. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8304 .- 0195-6663.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Food manufacturers and policy makers have been tailoring food product ingredient information to consumers' self-reported preference for natural products and concerns over food additives. Yet, the influence of this ingredient information on consumers remains inconclusive. The current study aimed at examining the first step in such influence, which is consumers' attention to ingredient information on food product packaging. Employing the choice-blindness paradigm, the current study assessed whether participants would detect a covertly made change to the naturalness of ingredient list throughout a product evaluation procedure. Results revealed that only few consumers detected the change on the ingredient lists. Detection was improved when consumers were instructed to judge the naturalness of the product as compared to evaluating the product in general. These findings challenge consumers' self-reported use of ingredient lists as a source of information throughout product evaluations. While most consumers do not attend to ingredient information, this tendency can be slightly improved by prompting their consideration of naturalness. Future research should investigate the reasons for consumers' inattention to ingredient information and develop more effective strategies of conveying information to consumers.
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| 12. |
- Chruzander, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Longitudinal changes in sickness absence and disability pension, and associations between disability pension and disease-specific and contextual factors and functioning, in people with multiple sclerosis.
- 2016
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In: Journal of the Neurological Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-510X .- 1878-5883. ; 367, s. 319-325
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Even though it is well known that disability due to MS is highly associated with employment status, the long-term longitudinal perspective on sickness absence and disability pension over the MS trajectory is lacking. In addition, further knowledge of risk factors for future disability pension is needed.OBJECTIVES: To explore long-term longitudinal changes in the prevalence of sickness absence and disability pension in people with MS (PwMS), as well as to explore associations between disease-specific factors, contextual factors and functioning, and the outcome of future full-time disability pension.METHODS: A prospective, population-based survival cohort study, with a nine year follow-up, including 114 PwMS was conducted by combining face-to-face collected data and register-based data.RESULTS: The prevalence of full-time disability pension increased from 20% to 50%, however 24% of the PwMS had no disability pension at all at end of follow-up. Sex, age, disease severity and impaired manual dexterity were associated with future full-time disability pension.CONCLUSIONS: The large increase in prevalence of PwMS on full-time disability pension during the MS trajectory, calls for the development and implementation of evidence-based interventions, aiming at keeping PwMS in the work force. Modifiable factors, such as manual dexterity should be targeted in such interventions.
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| 13. |
- Dahlblom, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Vertical temperature gradients in apartments with hydronic radiator heating
- 2019
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In: Cold Climate HVAC 2018 : Sustainable Buildings in Cold Climates - Sustainable Buildings in Cold Climates. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030006617 - 9783030006624 ; , s. 575-585
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A vertical temperature stratification normally exists in rooms during the heat-ing season in cold climates. An expression of the gradient in apartments heated by hydronic radiator heating systems with exhaust ventilation has ear-lier been developed assuming a dependency of the outdoor temperature. The expression was used by a public real estate owner when re-calculating meas-ured indoor temperature at 2.1 m above floor to 1.2 m above floor represent-ing the occupancy zone and used for individual metering and billing of space heating cost. To validate the suggested expression temperature measurements have been made at four heights in living rooms in apartments built in the 70’s. The heights includes 0.0, 0.1, 1.1 and 1.7 m above floor. The theoreti-cal expression has been compared to the full-scale measurements and in general the expression overestimates the vertical temperature gradient. The measured gradients are generally very low. The thermal comfort in the aspect of vertical temperature gradient is good for the studied period.
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| 14. |
- Eklund, Anders, et al.
(author)
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The Pressure Difference between Eye and Brain Changes with Posture
- 2016
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In: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0364-5134 .- 1531-8249. ; 80:2, s. 269-276
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The discovery of a posture-dependent effect on the difference between intraocular pressure (IOP) and intracranial pressure (ICP) at the level of lamina cribrosa could have important implications for understanding glaucoma and idiopathic intracranial hypertension and could help explain visual impairments in astronauts exposed to microgravity. The aim of this study was to determine the postural influence on the difference between simultaneously measured ICP and IOP.Methods: Eleven healthy adult volunteers (age = 46 ± 10 years) were investigated with simultaneous ICP, assessed through lumbar puncture, and IOP measurements when supine, sitting, and in 9° head-down tilt (HDT). The trans–lamina cribrosa pressure difference (TLCPD) was calculated as the difference between the IOP and ICP. To estimate the pressures at the lamina cribrosa, geometrical distances were estimated from magnetic resonance imaging and used to adjust for hydrostatic effects.Results: The TLCPD (in millimeters of mercury) between IOP and ICP was 12.3 ± 2.2 for supine, 19.8 ± 4.6 for sitting, and 6.6 ± 2.5 for HDT. The expected 24-hour average TLCPD on earth—assuming 8 hours supine and 16 hours upright—was estimated to be 17.3mmHg. By removing the hydrostatic effects on pressure, a corresponding 24-hour average TLCPD in microgravity environment was simulated to be 6.7mmHg.Interpretation: We provide a possible physiological explanation for how microgravity can cause symptoms similar to those seen in patients with elevated ICP. The observed posture dependency of TLCPD also implies that assessment of the difference between IOP and ICP in upright position may offer new understanding of the pathophysiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension and glaucoma.
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| 15. |
- Forsgård, Jens, et al.
(author)
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On the order map for hypersurface coamoebas
- 2015
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In: Arkiv för matematik. - : International Press of Boston. - 0004-2080 .- 1871-2487. ; 53:1, s. 79-104
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Given a hypersurface coamoeba of a Laurent polynomial f, it is an open problem to describe the structure of the set of connected components of its complement. In this paper we approach this problem by introducing the lopsided coamoeba. We show that the closed lopsided coamoeba comes naturally equipped with an order map, i.e. a map from the set of connected components of its complement to a translated lattice inside the zonotope of a Gale dual of the point configuration . Under a natural assumption, this map is a bijection. Finally we use this map to obtain new results concerning coamoebas of polynomials of small codimension.
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| 16. |
- Franken, Matthias K., et al.
(author)
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Does passive sound attenuation affect responses to pitch-shifted auditory feedback?
- 2019
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In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966. ; 146:6, s. 4108-4121
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of auditory feedback in vocal production has mainly been investigated by altered auditory feedback (AAF) in real time. In response, speakers compensate by shifting their speech output in the opposite direction. Current theory suggests this is caused by a mismatch between expected and observed feedback. A methodological issue is the difficulty to fully isolate the speaker’s hearing so that only AAF is presented to their ears. As a result, participants may be presented with two simultaneous signals. If this is true, an alternative explanation is that responses to AAF depend on the contrast between the manipulated and the non-manipulated feedback. This hypothesis was tested by varying the passive sound attenuation (PSA). Participants vocalized while auditory feed- back was unexpectedly pitch shifted. The feedback was played through three pairs of headphones with varying amounts of PSA. The participants’ responses were not affected by the different levels of PSA. This suggests that across all three headphones, PSA is either good enough to make the manipulated feedback dominant, or differences in PSA are too small to affect the contribution of non-manipulated feedback. Overall, the results suggest that it is important to realize that non-manipulated auditory feedback could affect responses to AAF.
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| 17. |
- Ganic, Elvira, et al.
(author)
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MafA-Controlled Nicotinic Receptor Expression Is Essential for Insulin Secretion and Is Impaired in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
- 2016
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In: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 14:8, s. 1991-2002
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Monoamine and acetylcholine neurotransmitters from the autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulate insulin secretion in pancreatic islets. The molecular mechanisms controlling neurotransmitter signaling in islet β cells and their impact on diabetes development are only partially understood. Using a glucose-intolerant, MafA-deficient mouse model, we demonstrate that MAFA controls ANS-mediated insulin secretion by activating the transcription of nicotinic (ChrnB2 and ChrnB4) and adrenergic (Adra2A) receptor genes, which are integral parts of acetylcholine- and monoamine-signaling pathways. We show that acetylcholine-mediated insulin secretion requires nicotinic signaling and that nicotinic receptor expression is positively correlated with insulin secretion and glycemic control in human donor islets. Moreover, polymorphisms spanning MAFA-binding regions within the human CHRNB4 gene are associated with type 2 diabetes. Our data show that MAFA transcriptional activity is required for establishing β cell sensitivity to neurotransmitter signaling and identify nicotinic signaling as a modulator of insulin secretion impaired in type 2 diabetes.
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| 18. |
- Holmlund, Petter, et al.
(author)
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Human jugular vein collapse in the upright posture : implications for postural intracranial pressure regulation
- 2017
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In: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. - : BioMed Central. - 2045-8118. ; 14
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Intracranial pressure (ICP) is directly related to cranial dural venous pressure (P-dural). In the upright posture, P-dural is affected by the collapse of the internal jugular veins (IJVs) but this regulation of the venous pressure has not been fully understood. A potential biomechanical description of this regulation involves a transmission of surrounding atmospheric pressure to the internal venous pressure of the collapsed IJVs. This can be accomplished if hydrostatic effects are cancelled by the viscous losses in these collapsed veins, resulting in specific IJV cross-sectional areas that can be predicted from flow velocity and vessel inclination. Methods: We evaluated this potential mechanism in vivo by comparing predicted area to measured IJV area in healthy subjects. Seventeen healthy volunteers (age 45 +/- 9 years) were examined using ultrasound to assess IJV area and flow velocity. Ultrasound measurements were performed in supine and sitting positions. Results: IJV area was 94.5 mm(2) in supine and decreased to 6.5 +/- 5.1 mm(2) in sitting position, which agreed with the predicted IJV area of 8.7 +/- 5.2 mm(2) (equivalence limit +/- 5 mm(2), one-sided t tests, p = 0.03, 33 IJVs). Conclusions: The agreement between predicted and measured IJV area in sitting supports the occurrence of a hydrostatic-viscous pressure balance in the IJVs, which would result in a constant pressure segment in these collapsed veins, corresponding to a zero transmural pressure. This balance could thus serve as the mechanism by which collapse of the IJVs regulates P-dural and consequently ICP in the upright posture.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Holmlund, Petter, et al.
(author)
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Venous collapse regulates intracranial pressure in upright body positions
- 2018
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In: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6119 .- 1522-1490. ; 314:3, s. R377-R385
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent interest in intracranial pressure (ICP) in the upright posture has revealed that the mechanisms regulating postural changes in ICP are not fully understood. We have suggested an explanatory model where the postural changes in ICP depend on well-established hydrostatic effects in the venous system and where these effects are interrupted by collapse of the internal jugular veins (IJVs) in more upright positions. The aim of this study was to investigate this relationship by simultaneous invasive measurements of ICP, venous pressure and IJV collapse in healthy volunteers. ICP (monitored via the lumbar route), central venous pressure (PICC-line) and IJV cross-sectional area (ultrasound) were measured in 11 healthy volunteers (47±10 years) in seven positions, from supine to sitting (0°-69°). Venous pressure and anatomical distances were used to predict ICP in accordance with the explanatory model, and IJV area was used to assess IJV collapse. The hypothesis was tested by comparing measured ICP to predicted ICP. Our model accurately described the general behavior of the observed postural ICP changes (mean difference: -0.03±2.7 mmHg). No difference was found between predicted and measured ICP for any tilt-angle (p-values: 0.65 - 0.94). The results support the hypothesis that postural ICP changes are governed by hydrostatic effects in the venous system and IJV collapse. This improved understanding of the postural ICP regulation may have important implications for the development of better treatments for neurological and neurosurgical conditions affecting ICP.
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| 21. |
- Håkansson, Joakim, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo Efficacy of the Antimicrobial Peptide DPK-060 Used for Topical Treatment
- 2019
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In: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2235-2988. ; 9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Antimicrobial peptides, also known as host defense peptides, have recently emerged as a promising new category of therapeutic agents for the treatment of infectious diseases. This study evaluated the preclinical in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo antimicrobial activity, as well as the potential to cause skin irritation, of human kininogen-derived antimicrobial peptide DPK-060 in different formulations designed for topical delivery. We found that DPK-060 formulated in acetate buffer or poloxamer gel caused a marked reduction of bacterial counts of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro (minimum microbicidal concentration <5 μg/ml). We also found that DPK-060 in poloxamer gel significantly suppressed microbial survival in an ex vivo wound infection model using pig skin and in an in vivo mouse model of surgical site infection (≥99 or ≥94% reduction in bacterial counts was achieved with 1% DPK-060 at 4 h post-treatment, respectively). Encapsulation of DPK-060 in different types of lipid nanocapsules or cubosomes did not improve the bactericidal potential of the peptide under the applied test conditions. No reduction in cell viability was observed in response to administration of DPK-060 in any of the formulations tested. In conclusion, the present study confirms that DPK-060 has the potential to be an effective and safe drug candidate for the topical treatment of microbial infections; however, adsorption of the peptide to nanocarriers failed to show any additional benefits.
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| 22. |
- Janson, Christer, et al.
(author)
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Identifying the associated risks of pneumonia in COPD patients : ARCTIC an observational study
- 2018
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In: Respiratory Research. - : BMC. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 19
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are associated with an increased risk of pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Other factors such as severity of airflow limitation and concurrent asthma may further raise the possibility of developing pneumonia. This study assessed the risk of pneumonia associated with ICS in patients with COPD.Methods: Electronic Medical Record data linked to National Health Registries were collected from COPD patients and matched reference controls in 52 Swedish primary care centers (2000-2014). Levels of ICS treatment (high, low, no ICS) and associated comorbidities were assessed. Patients were categorized by airflow limitation severity.Results: A total of 6623 patients with COPD and 48,566 controls were analyzed. Patients with COPD had a more than 4-fold increase in pneumonia versus reference controls (hazard ratio [HR] 4.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4. 48-5.06). ICS use increased the risk of pneumonia by 20-30% in patients with COPD with forced expiratory volume in 1 s >= 50% versus patients not using ICS. Asthma was an independent risk factor for pneumonia in the COPD population. Multivariate analysis identified independent predictors of pneumonia in the overall population. The highest risk of pneumonia was associated with high dose ICS (HR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.23-1.62).Conclusions: Patients with COPD have a greater risk of pneumonia versus reference controls; ICS use and concurrent asthma increased the risk of pneumonia further.
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| 23. |
- Johansson, Anders, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Boost on Combustion and Particulate Emissions in Optical and Metal SGDI-Engines Operated in Stratified Mode
- 2016
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In: SAE International Journal of Engines. - : SAE International. - 1946-3944 .- 1946-3936. ; 9:2, s. 807-818
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Boosting and stratified operation can be used to increase the fuel efficiency of modern gasoline direct-injected (GDI) engines. In modern downsized GDI engines, boosting is standard to achieve a high power output. However, boosted GDI-engines have mostly been operated in homogenous mode and little is known about the effects of operating a boosted GDI-engine in stratified mode.This study employed optical and metal engines to examine how boosting influences combustion and particulate emission formation in a spray-guided GDI (SGDI), single cylinder research engine. The setup of the optical and metal engines was identical except the optical engine allowed optical access through the piston and cylinder liner.The engines were operated in steady state mode at five different engine operating points representing various loads and speeds. The engines were boosted with compressed air and operated at three levels of boost, as well as atmospheric pressure for comparison. The fuel used was market gasoline (95 RON) blended with 10% ethanol. The spark plug and injector were mounted in parallel with the intake valves. The gas motion induced by the engine head was primarily tumble motion with a small amount of swirl.Results on particulate emissions indicated that nucleation mode particulates increased with increasing boost. In contrast, agglomeration mode particulates decreased with increasing boost pressure. The combustion was found to consist of a yellow flame in the center of the combustion chamber and a pre-mixed blue flame in the perimeter. The optical studies indicated that the flame area decreased with increasing boost.
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| 24. |
- Johansson, Anders, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Boost on Emissions and Combustion in an SGDI-Engine Operated in Stratified Mode
- 2015
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In: SAE Technical Papers. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191 .- 2688-3627. ; 2015-September:September
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Among many techniques used for increasing fuel efficiency of a modern Gasoline Direct-Injected (GDI) engine are boosting and stratified operation. In modern downsized GDI engines, boosting is standard in order to achieve a high power output. Boosted GDI-engines have however mostly been operated in homogenous mode and little is known on the effects of operating a boosted GDI-engine in stratified mode. This paper presents the influence on combustion , standard emissions and particulate size distribution in a Spray-Guided, Gasoline, Direct-Injected (SGDI), single cylinder, research engine operated with various levels of boost .The engine was operated in steady state mode at five engine operating points of various load and speed. The engine was boosted with a Roots blower and operated at four levels of boost as well as atmospheric pressure for comparison. The engine was fueled with market gasoline (95 RON) blended with 10% ethanol. The gas motion induced by the engine head was primarily tumble motion but a small amount of swirl. The spark plug and injector was mounted in parallel with the intake valves. Results indicate that exhaust temperature and NOx emissions decrease with increasing boost . Hydrocarbon emissions increase with increasing boost . The results on particulate emissions indicate that nucleation mode particulates increase with increasing boost . The opposite trend was observed for agglomeration mode particulates which decreased with increasing boost pressure.
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| 25. |
- Johansson, Anders, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Reduction of Soot Formation in an Optical Single-Cylinder Gasoline Direct-Injected Engine Operated in Stratified Mode Using 350 Bar Fuel Injection Pressure, Dual-Coil and High-Frequency Ignition Systems
- 2017
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In: SAE International Journal of Engines. - : SAE International. - 1946-3944 .- 1946-3936. ; 10:3, s. 709-721
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The current trend toward more fuel efficient vehicles with lower emission levels has prompted development of new combustion techniques for use in gasoline engines. Stratified combustion has been shown to be a promising approach for increasing the fuel efficiency. However, this technique is hampered by drawbacks such as increased particulate and standard emissions. This study attempts to address the issues of increased emission levels by investigating the influence of high frequency ionizing ignition systems, 350 bar fuel injection pressure and various tumble levels on particulate emissions and combustion characteristics in an optical SGDI engine operated in stratified mode on isooctane. Tests were performed at one engine load of 2.63 bar BMEP and speed of 1200 rpm. Combustion was recorded with two high speed color cameras from bottom and side views using optical filters for OH and soot luminescence. The results indicated that increasing the fuel injection pressure led to faster burn as well as a reduction in soot luminescence. The ionizing ignition system generated faster initial combustion. Increasing the tumble level reduced the soot luminescence at all injection pressures, but the influence was largest at the lowest fuel injection pressure. The combination of an ionizing ignition system and high fuel pressure was most beneficial for lowering soot luminescence.
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| 26. |
- Johansson, Caroline, 1982-
(author)
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Tjänstepensionen möter EU-rätten : Om relationen mellan svenska kollektivavtal och den inre marknaden
- 2018
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The occupational pension constitutes an important part of the total pension for most employees in Sweden. The large part of the occupational pension plans are decided through collective agreement on confederate level and the social partners are given a large scope regarding contributions, requirements and administration. The main focus of the thesis regards the relation between the Swedish collectively bargained, occupational pension and EU internal market law. The aim is to describe how they interrelate and identify tensions between the two. Before that, the Swedish occupational pension is examined. First, a historical account is given regarding both the occupational and the public pension. Thereafter, the occupational pension’s modern structure is analysed, set out from the pension plan for white collar workers in the private sector. The occupational pension then serves as the basis for the analysis of the EU internal market law. This part contains one chapter on competition law and collective agreements, one chapter on the free movement of financial services and one chapter on the free movement of workers and occupational pension rights. To conclude, the thesis connects to overarching questions regarding the scope for different welfare solutions within the EU.
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| 27. |
- Johansson Kollberg, Petter, et al.
(author)
-
[18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography response evaluation can predict histological response at surgery after induction chemotherapy for oligometastatic bladder cancer
- 2017
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 51:4, s. 308-313
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Patients with limited metastatic and locally advanced bladder cancer have a poor prognosis, and no definite treatment recommendations exist. However, long-term survival is possible for selected patients if surgery is combined with multiple courses of chemotherapy (i.e. induction chemotherapy). Patients with tumours that are insensitive to chemotherapy probably have little to gain from subsequent extensive surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate sequential FDG-PET/CT examinations as an indicator of chemotherapy response. Materials and methods: Between 2007 and 2015, 50 patients with oligometastatic invasive bladder cancer selected for induction chemotherapy underwent two FDG-PET/CT examinations: the first before the start of chemotherapy and the second after three courses of cisplatinum-based combination chemotherapy. Responders were given up to six courses of chemotherapy. FDG-PET/CT response was correlated with histological response in excised lymph-node metastases. Results: Three patients showed progression to incurable disease during chemotherapy and another two patients did not undergo surgery, for medical reasons. Lymphadenectomy was performed in the remaining 45 patients, of whom 43 had lymph-node metastasis. FDG-PET/CT prediction of the histological nodal chemotherapy response was correct in 37 (86%) of those 43. The second FDG-PET/CT examination identified four out of nine non-responders. For response, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for FDG-PET/CT accuracy were 37 out of 37 (100%), one out of six (17%), 37 out of 42 (88%) and one out of one (100%), respectively. Conclusions: Repeated FDG-PET/CT seems to predict histological response. However, with the histological response criteria used in this study, five non-responders were not identified by the second FDG-PET/CT investigation.
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| 28. |
- Johansson, Petter, et al.
(author)
-
A Ronkin type function for coamoebas
- 2017
-
In: Journal of Geometric Analysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1050-6926 .- 1559-002X. ; 27:1, s. 643-670
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Ronkin function plays a fundamental role in the theory of amoebas. We introduce an analogue of the Ronkin function in the setting of coamoebas. It turns out to be closely related to a certain toric arrangement known as the shell of the coamoeba and we use our Ronkin type function to obtain some properties of it.
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| 29. |
- Johansson, Petter, 1983-
(author)
-
A Silent Revolution : The Swedish Transition towards Heat Pumps, 1970-2015
- 2017
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Currently, more than half of all Swedish single-family houses have an installed heat pump and more heat is supplied by heat pumps in Sweden than in any other nation. Despite the enormous impact of heat pumps on the Swedish energy system, the transition towards their use has gone relatively unnoticed. Hence the title of this thesis, ‘A silent revolution’.This thesis provides an in-depth study of the Swedish transition towards heat pumps and how Swedish industries contributed to it. It approaches the topic from the perspective of value networks and ‘coopetition’, combined with the concept of complementarities. This approach has been inspired by the work of Verna Allee (2009) and Erik Dahmén (1991). In this thesis, value networks are networks of actors surrounding a specific business model, coopetition is used to describe the relationships between actors (as both competitive and cooperative), and the concept of complementarities is used to analyze the dynamics between synergistic elements and value networks in Sweden’s heat pump sector and energy system.Based on this approach, the thesis explains how a durable web of relations and interdependencies between complementarities has developed within the heat pump sector and the energy system in Sweden, and between the two, during the country’s transition to widespread use of heat pumps.Interest in heat pumps arose in Sweden and other parts of Europe during the 1970s. The Swedish energy system had been caught between international oil crises and national political mobilisation against nuclear power expansion. In this period of negative transformation pressure, the heat pump appeared as a promising alternative that could mitigate the use of oil and electricity for heating. In the 1970s, an early Swedish heat pump industry formed together with a growing heat pump market. A large number of diverse actors became involved in the Swedish heat pump sector, and the intense coopetition dynamics relating to heat pumps following the 1970s oil crisis contributed to durable connections between complementarities during the early stages of the transition.The 1980s saw a rapid expansion of large heat pumps in Swedish district heating facilities. In the mid-1980s, however, oil prices dropped back to their previous low levels. This change, combined with other factors, such as lifted subsidies and higher interest rates, created a crisis for Swedish heat pump industry. The industry underwent a 10-year period of low sales of small heat pumps and the market for large heat pumps died out and never returned. Nevertheless, several connections between heat pump–related complementarities remained in Sweden after the mid-1980s. In conjunction with value network reconfigurations, changes in company ownerships and governmental industry support, these complementarities helped the Swedish heat pump sector to maintain both production and service capacity.Due to developments that took place largely outside the heat pump manufacturing sector, by the mid-1990s it became possible for the struggling Swedish industry to offer more reliable and standardised heat pumps to the Swedish home heating market. During the years after 1995, the Swedish heat pump market grew to become the biggest in Europe. The industry’s early development and growth gave Swedish companies a comparative advantage over its European competitors, with the result that the manufacturing of heat pumps remained concentrated to Swedish-based manufacturing facilities even after the Swedish heat pump industry became internationalised after 2005. As of 2015, Sweden had the greatest amount of heat production from heat pumps per capita of any European nation, and many heat pump markets in other European countries are 10 to 20 years behind the Swedish market in development.This thesis shows how the Swedish heat pump industry has co-evolved with the market and how developments in the industry contributed towards causing the transition to heat pumps to occur so early in Sweden relative to other European markets. It also shows that coopetition dynamics in a socio-technical transition change with the emergence and characteristics of structural tensions between complementarities, which has implications for the strategic management of external relations and partnerships during socio-technical transitions. It further argues that the combination of the value network, coopetition, and complementarity concepts can be conceptualised for descriptive and exploratory studies on the role of firms and industries in socio-technical transitions, thereby offering a complement to existing dominant frameworks in the area of transition studies.
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| 30. |
- Johansson, Petter, et al.
(author)
-
Molecular origin of contact line friction in dynamic wetting
- 2018
-
In: Physical Review Fluids. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-990X. ; 3:7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A hydrophilic liquid, such as water, forms hydrogen bonds with a hydrophilic substrate. The strength and locality of the hydrogen bonding interactions prohibit slip of the liquid over the substrate. The question then arises how the contact line can advance during wetting. Using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations we show that the contact line advances by single molecules moving ahead of the contact line through two distinct processes: either moving over or displacing other liquid molecules. In both processes friction occurs at the molecular scale. We measure the energy dissipation at the contact line and show that it is of the same magnitude as the dissipation in the bulk of a droplet. The friction increases significantly as the contact angle decreases, which suggests suggests thermal activation plays a role. We provide a simple model that is consistent with the observations.
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| 31. |
- Johansson, Petter, 1981-
(author)
-
Some results on amoebas and coamoebas of affine spaces
- 2017. - 1
-
In: Analysis Meets Geometry. - Cham, Switzerland : Birkhäuser Verlag. - 9783319524719 ; , s. 261-285
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We give some topological characteristics of the coamoeba of a generic k-dimensional affine space and two stronger versions, specific for the affine case, of a result by Nisse, Sottile and the author. We also give topological and partly algebraical characterizations of the amoeba and coamoeba in some special cases: k=n-1, k=1 and, when n is even, k=n/2, in the last case with a certain emphasis on the example n=4.
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| 32. |
- Johansson, Petter, 1983-, et al.
(author)
-
The transition towards solar power; business as usual or a new role for incumbent grid operators?
- 2018
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years, there has been a steady increase of ‘solar prosumers’, i.e. electricity consumers that have become producers of electricity using small scale solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems. In several countries, this development is underpinned by various policy enticement schemes with the goal of mitigating climate change in addition to the individual motivations of the prosumers including the attainment of self-sufficiency and independence from conventional electricity supply. For the continued expansion of solar PV systems, grid operators – also called distribution system operators (DSOs) – have been identified as key intermediary actors for the development and implementation of new services and business models that help balance variable surplus electricity from solar prosumers and facilitate a continued expansion of solar PV systems. However, the operations of DSOs are tightly regulated and the room of manoeuvre of DSOs is limited. At the same time, electricity grids are not equipped to handle the expansion of variable and distributed energy resources. Are DSOs currently transitioning into a new widened role in electric power systems which facilitates continued increase in solar prosumers? Or are they hindered by their path dependency and the stability of current socio-technical systems in which they are embedded? Based on an empirical study of the Swedish energy system, this paper presents a description of the socio-technical electricity distribution system and current developments and system tensions from the point-of-view of DSOs in Sweden. The paper builds on a dataset of 175 local and regional DSOs together with semi-structured interviews with eight DSOs in Sweden. The results show that path dependency of DSOs is a major factor and as such the transition of the role of local DSOs is likely to be a slow process. Despite ongoing discussions on the changing role of DSOs in Sweden, so far it has resulted in few concrete measures and DSOs typically apply a business-as-usual approach towards challenges with expansion of solar PVs, i.e. investing in increased transmission capacity. A changed role for DSOs could have the effect of more efficient expansion of distributed solar PV systems if it underpins DSOs’ abilities to develop new system services. But such a change in role is hindered by current institutional settings as well as a lack in capacities and capabilities to develop new system services among a majority of the DSOs. To speed up the transition of local DSOs would require changes in current legislations together with efforts to stimulate innovation and learning processes of DSOs within current electricity systems.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Johansson, Petter, 1983-
(author)
-
Value network dynamics in sustainability transitions : The role of industry incumbents in the Swedish heat pump transition
- 2016
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a value network dynamics (VND) approach to transition studies and an application of this approach to the case of the Swedish heat pump transition. The aim with this paper is to advance our understanding on the changing roles of industry incumbents in socio-technical transitions.The VND approach aggregates actors into value networks surrounding focal business models, which form meso-entities between firm-level actors and entire industries, and maps firm-level dynamics and business model transitions during socio-technical system transitions.Mapping the heat pump value network dynamics in Sweden from the 1970s and onwards show that cooperation between actors and across value networks were high in the early formative periods and during periods of external pressure, and that the overall structure stability of the value networks increased over time.The results also show that the role of the involved heat pump incumbents have changed during the transition period. Some incumbents played important roles in early periods but lost all influence on the transition in latter periods. Other incumbents went from actively engaged in heat pump transition activities to actively counteracting the same type of activities.Incumbents have also played active roles in transitioning and refining heat pump business models and value networks together with other actors, such as new entrants, governmental agencies and incumbents in other areas. Value network reconfigurations have not only constituted an adaption to external changes in the short term, but also a way for involved actors to influence the transition trajectories in the long term.
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| 35. |
- Johansson, Petter, et al.
(author)
-
Water-substrate physico-chemistry in wetting dynamics
- 2015
-
In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0022-1120 .- 1469-7645. ; 781, s. 695-711
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We consider the wetting of water droplets on substrates with different chemical composition and molecular spacing, but with an identical equilibrium contact angle. A combined approach of large-scale molecular dynamics simulations and a continuum phase field model allows us to identify and quantify the influence of the microscopic physics at the contact line on the macroscopic droplet dynamics. We show that the substrate physico-chemistry, in particular hydrogen bonding, can significantly alter the flow. Since the material parameters are systematically derived from the atomistic simulations, our continuum model has only one adjustable parameter, which appears as a friction factor at the contact line. The continuum model approaches the atomistic wetting rate only when we adjust this contact line friction factor. However, the flow appears to he qualitatively different when comparing the atomistic and continuum models, highlighting that non-trivial continuum effects can come into play near the interface of the wetting front.
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| 36. |
- Johansson, Victor, et al.
(author)
-
Estimates of accessible food resources for pollinators in urban landscapes should take landscape friction into account
- 2018
-
In: Ecosphere. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2150-8925 .- 2150-8925. ; 9:10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Maintaining biodiversity in urban landscapes requires a well-functioning green infrastructure for the landscape to remain ecologically functional. However, city planners often lack knowledge to identify how well different parts of the green infrastructure are connected, and tools to estimate the accessibility to important habitats for different species in urban areas are strongly needed. We compared the ability of three measures of available food resources, with increasing complexity, for explaining species richness and abundance of bees and wasps at 23 locations in an urban landscape in Sweden. Specifically, we tested (1) the summed amount of food habitat within a buffer circle, (2) the amount of food habitat weighted by distance, and (3) the summed amount of food habitat within an area created by cost-weighted distance based on the surrounding landscape friction. We tested two spatial scales (200 and 400 m). The results show that both the summed (1) and the weighted measures (2) were very poor in explaining species richness and abundance regardless of spatial scale, while we found significant relationships for both species richness and abundance with the friction-based measure (3) at both scales. For the friction-based measure, the relationships with both response variables were strongest at the smallest spatial scale (200 m). We conclude that bees and wasps are sensitive to barriers such as large roads and built-up areas when foraging in urban environments. This is important to consider when assessing the functionality of urban green infrastructure in order to not overestimate the available amount of habitat and how well different parts of the landscape are connected for these important pollinators.
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| 37. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(author)
-
Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)
|
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| 38. |
- Kjellander, Petter, et al.
(author)
-
Right on track? Performance of satellite telemetry in terrestrial wildlife research
- 2019
-
In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Satellite telemetry is an increasingly utilized technology in wildlife research, and current devices can track individual animal movements at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. However, as we enter the golden age of satellite telemetry, we need an in-depth understanding of the main technological, species-specific and environmental factors that determine the success and failure of satellite tracking devices across species and habitats. Here, we assess the relative influence of such factors on the ability of satellite telemetry units to provide the expected amount and quality of data by analyzing data from over 3,000 devices deployed on 62 terrestrial species in 167 projects worldwide. We evaluate the success rate in obtaining GPS fixes as well as in transferring these fixes to the user and we evaluate failure rates. Average fix success and data transfer rates were high and were generally better predicted by species and unit characteristics, while environmental characteristics influenced the variability of performance. However, 48% of the unit deployments ended prematurely, half of them due to technical failure. Nonetheless, this study shows that the performance of satellite telemetry applications has shown improvements over time, and based on our findings, we provide further recommendations for both users and manufacturers.
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| 39. |
- Larsson, Kjell, et al.
(author)
-
Impact of COPD diagnosis timing on clinical and economic outcomes : the ARCTIC observational cohort study
- 2019
-
In: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 14, s. 995-1008
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Assess the clinical and economic consequences associated with an early versus late diagnosis in patients with COPD.Patients and methods: In a retrospective, observational cohort study, electronic medical record data (2000-2014) were collected from Swedish primary care patients with COPD. COPD indicators (pneumonia, other respiratory diseases, oral corticosteroids, antibiotics for respiratory infections, prescribed drugs for respiratory symptoms, lung function measurement) registered prior to diagnosis were applied to categorize patients into those receiving early (2 or less indicators) or late diagnosis (3 or more indicators registered >90 days preceding a COPD diagnosis). Outcome measures included annual rate of and time to first exacerbation, mortality risk, prevalence of comorbidities and health care utilization.Results: More patients with late diagnosis (n=8827) than with early diagnosis (n=3870) had a recent comorbid diagnosis of asthma (22.0% vs 3.9%; P<0.0001). Compared with early diagnosis, patients with late diagnosis had a higher exacerbation rate (hazard ratio [HR] 1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.83-1.96; P<0.0001) and shorter time to first exacerbation (HR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.54-1.69; P<0.0001). Mortality was not different between groups overall but higher for late versus early diagnosis, after excluding patients with past asthma diagnosis (HR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02-1.18; P=0.0095). Late diagnosis was also associated with higher direct costs than early diagnosis.Conclusion: Late COPD diagnosis is associated with higher exacerbation rate and increased comorbidities and costs compared with early diagnosis. The study highlights the need for accurate diagnosis of COPD in primary care in order to reduce exacerbations and the economic burden of COPD.
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| 40. |
|
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| 41. |
- Lindgren, Petter, et al.
(author)
-
A likelihood ratio-based approach for improved source attribution in microbiological forensic investigations
- 2019
-
In: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier. - 0379-0738 .- 1872-6283. ; 302
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A common objective in microbial forensic investigations is to identify the origin of a recovered pathogenic bacterium by DNA sequencing. However, there is currently no consensus about how degrees of belief in such origin hypotheses should be quantified, interpreted, and communicated to wider audiences. To fill this gap, we have developed a concept based on calculating probabilistic evidential values for microbial forensic hypotheses. The likelihood-ratio method underpinning this concept is widely used in other forensic fields, such as human DNA matching, where results are readily interpretable and have been successfully communicated in juridical hearings. The concept was applied to two case scenarios of interest in microbial forensics: (1) identifying source cultures among series of very similar cultures generated by parallel serial passage of the Tier 1 pathogen Francisella tularensis, and (2) finding the production facilities of strains isolated in a real disease outbreak caused by the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Evidence values for the studied hypotheses were computed based on signatures derived from whole genome sequencing data, including deep-sequenced low-frequency variants and structural variants such as duplications and deletions acquired during serial passages. In the F. tularensis case study, we were able to correctly assign fictive evidence samples to the correct culture batches of origin on the basis of structural variant data. By setting up relevant hypotheses and using data on cultivated batch sources to define the reference populations under each hypothesis, evidential values could be calculated. The results show that extremely similar strains can be separated on the basis of amplified mutational patterns identified by high-throughput sequencing. In the L. monocytogenes scenario, analyses of whole genome sequence data conclusively assigned the clinical samples to specific sources of origin, and conclusions were formulated to facilitate communication of the findings. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential of using bacterial whole genome sequencing data, including data on both low frequency SNP signatures and structural variants, to calculate evidence values that facilitate interpretation and communication of the results. The concept could be applied in diverse scenarios, including both epidemiological and forensic source tracking of bacterial infectious disease outbreaks.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Pedersen, Eja, et al.
(author)
-
Challenges in transdisciplinary research : Example from a study on people as part of energy and ventilation systems in residential buildings (PEIRE)
- 2019
-
In: Cold Climate HVAC 2018 : Sustainable Buildings in Cold Climates - Sustainable Buildings in Cold Climates. - 9783030006617 - 9783030006624 ; , s. 802-812
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Energy efficiency measures in residential buildings typically include changes in ventilation and heating systems, and increased thermal insulation of the building envelope. The expected energy efficiency is not always reached, despite large knowledge and professional implementation of each separate measure. Thereis a lack in understanding of how technical systems interact, and how the ocupants are influenced by and in turn influence the systems by their behaviour. A holistic view and a transdisciplinary research approach are needed to understand relevant interactions and propose integrated energy efficiency measures. The aim of this paper is to reveal challenges in transdisciplinary research projects that include real world studies on both humans and technical systems with measurements before and after renovation of multifamily housing. It is based on experiences from the PEIRE-project (People, Environment, Indoor, Renovation, Energy) carried out by a research team with expertise on environmental psychology, human behaviour, interaction design, universal design, building physics, building services, thermal comfort, aerosol technology, exposure assessment, acoustics, daylight, and complex thinking. Differences in theoretical bases and methodology needed to be dealt with. Metatheory building could help with the transition from a multi- to a transdisciplinary understanding.
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| 44. |
- Persson, Erik, et al.
(author)
-
How Will the Emerging Plurality of Lives Change? : How We Conceive of and Relate to Life?
- 2019
-
In: Challenges. - : MDPI AG. - 2078-1547.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The project “A Plurality of Lives” was funded and hosted by the Pufendorf Institute for Advanced Studies at Lund University, Sweden. The aim of the project was to better understand how a second origin of life, either in the form of a discovery of extraterrestrial life, life developed in a laboratory, or machines equipped with abilities previously only ascribed to living beings, will change how we understand and relate to life. Because of the inherently interdisciplinary nature of the project aim, the project took an interdisciplinary approach with a research group made up of 12 senior researchers representing 12 different disciplines. The project resulted in a joint volume, an international symposium, several new projects, and a network of researchers in the field, all continuing to communicate about and advance the aim of the project.
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| 45. |
- Pradip, Arvind, et al.
(author)
-
High Content Analysis of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Hepatocytes Reveals Drug Induced Steatosis and Phospholipidosis
- 2016
-
In: Stem Cells International. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-9678 .- 1687-966X. ; 2016
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hepatotoxicity is one of the most cited reasons for withdrawal of approved drugs from the market. The use of nonclinically relevant in vitro and in vivo testing systems contributes to the high attrition rates. Recent advances in differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into pure cultures of hepatocyte-like cells expressing functional drug metabolizing enzymes open up possibilities for novel, more relevant human cell based toxicity models. The present study aimed to investigate the use of hiPSC derived hepatocytes for conducting mechanistic toxicity testing by image based high content analysis (HCA). The hiPSC derived hepatocytes were exposed to drugs known to cause hepatotoxicity through steatosis and phospholipidosis, measuring several endpoints representing different mechanisms involved in drug induced hepatotoxicity. The hiPSC derived hepatocytes were benchmarked to the HepG2 cell line and generated robust HCA data with low imprecision between plates and batches. The different parameters measured were detected at subcytotoxic concentrations and the order of which the compounds were categorized (as severe, moderate, mild, or nontoxic) based on the degree of injury at isomolar concentration corresponded to previously published data. Taken together, the present study shows how hiPSC derived hepatocytes can be used as a platform for screening drug induced hepatotoxicity by HCA.
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| 46. |
- Pärnamets, Philip, et al.
(author)
-
Biasing moral decisions by exploiting the dynamics of eye gaze
- 2015
-
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 112:13, s. 4170-4175
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Eye gaze is a window onto cognitive processing in tasks such as spatial memory, linguistic processing, and decision making. We present evidence that information derived from eye gaze can be used to change the course of individuals’ decisions, even when they are reasoning about high-level, moral issues. Previous studies have shown that when an experimenter actively controls what an individual sees the experimenter can affect simple decisions with alternatives of almost equal valence. Here we show that if an experimenter passively knows when individuals move their eyes the experimenter can change complex moral decisions. This causal effect is achieved by simply adjusting the timing of the decisions. We monitored participants’ eye movements during a two-alternative forced-choice task with moral questions. One option was randomly predetermined as a target. At the moment participants had fixated the target option for a set amount of time we terminated their deliberation and prompted them to choose between the two alternatives. Although participants were unaware of this gaze-contingent manipulation, their choices were systematically biased toward the target option. We conclude that even abstract moral cognition is partly constituted by interactions with the immediate environment and is likely supported by gaze-dependent decision processes. By tracking the interplay between individuals, their sensorimotor systems, and the environment, we can influence the outcome of a decision without directly manipulating the content of the information available to them.
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| 47. |
- Pärnamets, Philip, et al.
(author)
-
Memory distorions resulting from a choice blindness task
- 2015
-
In: Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. ; , s. 1823-1828
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using a choice blindness paradigm, it is possible to switch decisions and outcomes in simple choice tasks. Such switches have been found to carry over into later choices, hypothesized to be mediated by beliefs about earlier decisions. Here we investigated participants’ memories for stimuli in a simple choice blindness task involving preferential choices between pairs of faces. We probed participants’ recognition and source memory following a round of choices where on some trials participants were presented with the opposite face to the one they actually selected. We found no effect on recognition memory accuracy. Source memory was impaired such that participants failing to detect the manipulation later misremembered recognized non-chosen faces as being previously chosen. The findings are discussed in the light of self-perception theory and previous work on how beliefs affect memories for choices.
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| 48. |
- Rachman, Laura, et al.
(author)
-
DAVID : An open-source platform for real-time transformation of infra-segmental emotional cues in running speech
- 2018
-
In: Behavior Research Methods. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1554-3528. ; 50:1, s. 323-343
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present an open-source software platform that transforms emotional cues expressed by speech signals using audio effects like pitch shifting, inflection, vibrato, and filtering. The emotional transformations can be applied to any audio file, but can also run in real time, using live input from a microphone, with less than 20-ms latency. We anticipate that this tool will be useful for the study of emotions in psychology and neuroscience, because it enables a high level of control over the acoustical and emotional content of experimental stimuli in a variety of laboratory situations, including real-time social situations. We present here results of a series of validation experiments aiming to position the tool against several methodological requirements: that transformed emotions be recognized at above-chance levels, valid in several languages (French, English, Swedish, and Japanese) and with a naturalness comparable to natural speech.
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| 49. |
- Roszko, Maximilian, et al.
(author)
-
The Phenomenology of Eye Movement Intentions and their Disruption in Goal-Directed Actions
- 2018
-
In: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. - 9780991196784 ; , s. 973-978
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of intentions in motor planning is heavily weighted in classical psychological theories, but their role in generating eye movements, and our awareness of these oculomotor intentions, has not been investigated explicitly. In this study, the extent to which we monitor oculomotor intentions, i.e. the intentions to shift one’s gaze towards a specific location, and whether they can be expressed in conscious experience, is investigated. A forced-choice decision task was developed where a pair of faces moved systematically across a screen. In some trials, the pair of faces moved additionally as soon as the participants attempted to gaze at one of the faces, preventing them from ever viewing it. The results of the experiment suggest that humans in general do not monitor their eye movement intentions in a way that allows for mismatches between planned gaze landing target and resulting gaze landing target to be consciously experienced during decision-making.
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| 50. |
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