| 1. |
- Hilli, Yvonne Elisabet, et al.
(author)
-
Being a preceptor : A Nordic qualitative study
- 2014
-
In: Nurse Education Today. - : Elsevier. - 0260-6917 .- 1532-2793. ; 34:12, s. 1420-1424
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Positive preceptor experiences enhance learning and even affect the decisions of students to remain in nursing. In light of this, nurse managers have a responsibility, besides maintaining staff competence, to assess whether preceptors live up to their professional obligations. Aim: The aim of this Nordic qualitative study was to gain a deeper understanding of the perceived experiences of preceptorship used to support undergraduate student nurses during their clinical education. Method: Data was collected through narrative interviews with 31 preceptors in Finland and Sweden before being analysed using a hermeneutical approach. Findings: Preceptorship is all about teaching in a supportive environment with ethical dimensions uniting theory and praxis. A caring relationship is essential and the basis for student learning and development. Conclusion: The preceptors emphasise a caring relationship as the foundation for student learning. Moreover, preceptorship is an ethical issue, a responsibility that should be recognised by all stakeholders. The findings suggest that preceptorship should be examined from a new perspective. The ethical dimension must be recognised and linked to the further education of preceptors. Nurse managers are in a key position to lead for change. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Hilli, Yvonne, 1959-, et al.
(author)
-
Perspectives on preceptorship:A matter of ethics
- 2014
-
In: Nursing Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 21:5, s. 565-575
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Clinical education is an essential part of the Bachelor’s program in Nursing and a keystone of professional nursing education. Through clinical experiences, the student nurses acquire nursing knowledge and essential skills for professional practice. The preceptor plays a vital role in the development of student nurses becoming professional nurses. Aim: The aim of this Nordic qualitative study was to explore the experiences of good preceptorship in relation to undergraduate student nurses in clinical education from the perspective of the preceptors themselves. Method: Data were collected by narrative interviews with 27 preceptors in Finland and Sweden and analyzed using a hermeneutical approach. Findings: A caring relationship, based on caring ethics, is seen as the foundation for learning and development. Moreover, a mutual respect is a prerequisite for fellowship and a good atmosphere. As such, encounters are characterized by reciprocity and mutuality. The preceptors have a deep sense of responsibility toward the students and the profession. Furthermore, the preceptors have an inner responsibility to guide the students into working life and to share their knowledge by acting as role models. Conclusion: The findings suggest that preceptorship should be examined through new lenses. Moreover, preceptorship is an ethical issue that should be recognized by all stakeholders.
|
|
| 4. |
- Hilli, Yvonne, et al.
(author)
-
The experience of being a preceptor for nurse students in clinical practice : A cross-sectional qualitative study
- 2011
-
In: Learning Communities International Journal of Learning in Social Contexts Australia. - Darwin Australia : Darwin university, Australia. - 1329-1440. ; October:1, s. 84-99
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examined the experience of being a clinical preceptor. A purposive sample of 15 nurses from Västerbotten, Sweden, and 15 nurses from Ostrobothnia, Finland, served as informants. The data were collected through interviews and analysed through qualitative content analysis. Three themes were examined: supervision; reflection and critical thinking; and the connection between theory and practice. Variations were found to exist in how the supervision was carried out and how the preceptors planned and prepared themselves for it. The students’ learning outcomes were neither clear nor considered important to most of the preceptors. They maintained that as they had too little time for supervision, the students simply had to follow the preceptors in their daily work. Feedback was, however, considered important in supporting the students’ learning process, but reflection and critical thinking were not familiar concepts to most of the preceptors. Most of them also had difficulties in combining theory and practice. The preceptors maintained that the cooperation between the faculty and the preceptors should be enhanced in order to narrow the gap between theory and practice. However, there was a willingness to be a preceptor and the informants considered themselves to be important role models. It was found that the preceptors need pedagogical support from nursing educators and the organisation. Moreover, the nursing educators should prepare the students for their clinical practice and take part in the supervision. In the future, new e-based pedagogical methods could be used to enhance the contact between the student, the preceptor and the nursing educator.
|
|
| 5. |
- Jonsén, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
-
Finnish and Swedish nursing students' experiences of their first clinical practice placement : a qualitative study
- 2013
-
In: Nurse Education Today. - : Elsevier. - 0260-6917 .- 1532-2793. ; 33:3, s. 297-302
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Nursing is a practice-based discipline. Clinical practice settings are important in preparing undergraduate nursing students for the role of registered nurse. AIM: The aim of this Nordic qualitative study is to illuminate first year undergraduate nursing students' experiences of clinical practice during their first clinical placement, with a focus on preception, reflection, and the link between theory and practice. METHOD: Data were collected by focus group interviews with 22 nursing students, and analyzed with qualitative content analysis. FINDINGS: Positive experiences included stimulating and visible preceptors, a permissive atmosphere, and reflection as a matter of course. Negative experiences were related to feelings of abandonment and powerlessness when preceptors were invisible and the atmosphere at the ward was non-permissive. The implementation of research-based knowledge was insufficient. CONCLUSIONS: A permissive atmosphere and visible preceptors are crucial if learning is to be maximized. Consequently, it is important to set aside time for preceptors to be more visible and to make the atmosphere at the clinical placement more permissive. The student must have the opportunity to combine scientific knowledge with evidence-based knowledge in order to develop nursing actions.
|
|
| 6. |
- Lundman, Berit, et al.
(author)
-
Development and psychometric properties of the Inner Strength Scale
- 2011
-
In: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 48:10, s. 1266-1274
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Four dimensions of inner strength were previously identified in a meta-theoretical analysis: firmness, creativity, connectedness, and flexibility.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop an Inner Strength Scale (ISS) based on those four dimensions and to evaluate its psychometric properties.METHOD: An initial version of ISS was distributed for validation purpose with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the resilience scale, and the sense of Coherence Scale. A convenience sample of 391 adults, aged 19-90 years participated. Principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used in the process of exploring, evaluating, and reducing the 63-item ISS to the 20-item ISS. Cronbach's alpha and test-retest were used to measure reliability.RESULTS: CFA showed satisfactory goodness-of-fit for the 20-item ISS. The analysis supported a fourfactor solution explaining 51% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha on the 20-item ISS was 0.86, and the test-retest showed stability over time (r=0.79).CONCLUSION: The ISS was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for capturing a multifaceted understanding of inner strength. Further tests of psychometric properties of the ISS will be performed in forthcoming studies.
|
|
| 7. |
- Lundman, Berit, et al.
(author)
-
Inner strength-A theoretical analysis of salutogenic concepts.
- 2010
-
In: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 47:2, s. 251-260
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Theoretical and empirical overlaps between the concepts of resilience, sense of coherence, hardiness, purpose in life, and self-transcendence have earlier been described as some kind of inner strength, but no studies have been found that focus on what attributes these concepts have in common. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to perform a theoretical analysis of the concepts of resilience, sense of coherence, hardiness, purpose in life, and self-transcendence, in order to identify their core dimensions in an attempt to get an overarching understanding of inner strength. PRINT METHOD: An analysis inspired by the procedure of meta-theory construction was performed. The main questions underlying the development of the concepts, the major paradigms and the most prominent assumptions, the critical attributes and the characteristics of the various concepts were identified. RESULTS: The analysis resulted in the identification of four core dimensions of inner strength and the understanding that inner strength relies on the interaction of these dimensions: connectedness, firmness, flexibility, and creativity. These dimensions were validated through comparison with the original descriptions of the concepts. CONCLUSION: An overarching understanding of inner strength is that it means both to stand steady, to be firm, with both feet on the ground and to be connected to; family, friends, society, nature and spiritual dimensions and to be able to transcend. Having inner strength is to be creative and stretchable, which is to believe in own possibilities to act and to make choices and influence life's trajectory in a perceived meaningful direction. Inner strength is to shoulder responsibility for oneself and others, to endure and deal with difficulties and adversities. This knowledge about inner strength will raise the awareness of the concept and, in turn, hopefully increase our potential to support people's inner strength.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lundman, Berit, et al.
(author)
-
Inner strength in relation to functional status, disease, living arrangements, and social relationships among people aged 85 years and older
- 2012
-
In: Geriatric Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4572 .- 1528-3984. ; 33:3, s. 167-176
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inner strength is described as an important resource that promotes well-being. We used data from a sample of 185 people in the Umeå 85+ cohort study to relate inner strength and its attributes to objective health variables. The Resilience, Sense of Coherence, Purpose in Life, and Self-Transcendence scales were used to assess aspects of inner strength, and strong correlations between the scales were found. Prevalence of heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, osteoporosis, or diagnosed depression was associated with low inner strength. Significant relationships were also found between high inner strength and various measures of social relationships. Participants with a higher degree of inner strength had better physical health and more satisfying social relationships. The promotion of inner strength should be a major aim of geriatric nursing.
|
|
| 9. |
- Lundman, Berit, et al.
(author)
-
Sense of coherence (SOC) related to health and mortality among the very old : The Umeå 85+ study
- 2010
-
In: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 51, s. 329-332
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We describe associations between sense of coherence (SOC) and sense of well-being, diseases, physical function and the predictive value of SOC on depression and mortality. The study included 190 participants, aged 85-103 years. Linear correlation analysis was used for relationships between SOC scores and continuous variables. The effects of SOC score on 1- and 4-year mortality, as well as on depression at the 5-year follow-up, were investigated using Cox regression models. The mean SOC score was 71.8+/-10.2 (+/-S.D.). SOC score was positively related to well-being (p
|
|
| 10. |
- Lövheim, Hugo, et al.
(author)
-
Changes in sense of coherence in old age : a 5-year follow-up of the Umeå 85+ study
- 2013
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 27:1, s. 13-19
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: This study aims to describe the changes in sense of coherence (SOC) over time and relate these changes to negative life events among very old people. Design: Prospective and longitudinal study. Subjects: 190 old women and men participated, of whom 56 could be included in the 5-year follow-up. Methods: The mean SOC score from the first and second data collection were compared using a paired sample t-test. The relationship between the index of negative life events and the changes on SOC score between the two data collections was investigate using linear regression. Main outcome measures: Antonovsky's SOC scale and an index of negative life events including severe physical and mental diseases, various losses as losses of spouses, cognitive and functional ability. Result: For the whole group of subjects (n = 56), the SOC scores was higher (70.1 vs. 73.7, p = 0.029) at the second point measure. The most common negative life events at follow-up were loss of independence in activities in daily living and decrease in cognitive function. A significant correlation between the index of negative life events and changes in SOC over 5 years was found (p = 0.025). The more negative life events, the more decrease in SOC. Conclusion: We concluded that there is a risk of decreased SOC and thereby quality of life when negative life events accumulate among very old people. Nursing interventions might play an important role for maintaining and perhaps strengthening SOC among old people exposed to negative life events.
|
|
| 11. |
- Melender, Hanna-Leena, et al.
(author)
-
Nursing students' experiences from their first clinical eduaction : a qualitative studie
- 2012
-
In: journal of cooperativ education and internship. - 1933-2130. ; 46, s. 30-43
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article describes the experiences of 137 nursing students from their first clinical education.The material was collected with four open questions and was analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The descriptions focused on students’ experiences in general as well as their clinical education circumstances and learning experiences. They reported on the characteristics of their preceptors, the feedback, and the preceptorship culture on the ward. The students assessed their own learning from the perspectives of activity level, nursing procedures they had practiced, and personal development. Taking responsibility for their own learning was manifested as responsibility for learning according to the learning outcomes, an experience of having taken only a small amount of responsibility, and a desire to take part in all things possible
|
|
| 12. |
- Melender, Hanna-Leena, et al.
(author)
-
Quality of clinical education : comparison of experiences of undergraduate student nurses in Finland and Sweden
- 2013
-
In: Nurse Education in Practice. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 1471-5953 .- 1873-5223. ; 13:4/S1, s. 256-261
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to compare the experiences of three groups of undergraduate student nurses on the quality of clinical education over time. The study is part of a longitudinal research and development project in Finland and Sweden. The sample (n = 109) consisted of three subgroups of student nurses: the first in a Swedish faculty (SWE) (n = 53), the second in a Finnish faculty (FIN1, n = 42), and the third in another Finnish faculty (FIN2, n = 14). In the comparison of the subgroups, FIN1 and FIN2 were put together, because of the small sample size. The first data was collected in 2009 after the students' first clinical education period in acute and elderly care. The second data was collected in 2010 after the students' second clinical education period on different wards in central hospitals, in primary care units and in elderly care. The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analysed using statistical methods. On the basis of an explorative factor analysis conducted on the first data four sum variables were produced, named as follows: Clinical Preception, Learning in Clinical Education, Learning Objectives in Clinical Education, and Reflection in Clinical Education. In the comparison of the years 2009 and 2010 (n = 109), the factors Clinical Preception and Learning Objectives in Clinical Education had lower evaluations in year 2010 than in year 2009. In year 2009 Swedish students (n = 53) evaluated Clinical Preception and Learning in Clinical Education lower than Finnish students (n = 56). In year 2010 Finnish students evaluated Clinical Preception lower than Swedish students. It is evident that the clinical education practices should be developed in cooperation with the faculties and the staff of the clinical education placements.
|
|
| 13. |
- Norberg, Astrid, et al.
(author)
-
Andlighet och åldrande
- 2012. - 1
-
In: Det goda åldrandet. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144068046 ; , s. 121-139
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 14. |
- Sandvik, Ann-Helen, et al.
(author)
-
Sjuksköterskestudenters erfarenheter av sin första kliniska utbildningsperiod : en nordisk kvantitativ studie
- 2012
-
In: Vård i Norden. - 0107-4083 .- 1890-4238. ; 32:1, s. 20-25
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Differences in quality of clinical education and support to students occur and there are demands for a unification of higher education in Europe.Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the nursing students’ experiences of their first clinical education period in relation to learning and professional development.Methods: The sample consisted of 139 nursing students from Finland and Sweden. The data was collected by questionnaire and analyzed statistically.Findings: Students’ experiences of clinical competence were examined from four perspectives: clinical preception, learning, learning objectives and reflection. Overall, students rated highly, however there were statistically significant differences among the students concerning nationality and length of clinical education. Students did not always get a clear picture of what was expected of them in clinical education and there were deficits in continuing feedback. Students’ clinical learning was associated with the length of clinical education.Conclusions: Clinical preceptoring as a catalyst in student's understanding and learning is central. Students rated learning of tasks and skills higher than abilities that require more reflection and consideration, which may indicate a more task-centered preception. A conscious didactic approach would help students to reflect and develop into professionals in nursing and caring science.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Viglund, Kerstin, 1958-
(author)
-
Inner strength among old people : a resource for experience of health, despite disease and adversities
- 2013
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background Inner strength has been described as an important phenomenon in association with disease management, health, and ageing. To increase the knowledge of the phenomenon of inner strength, a meta-theoretical analysis was performed which resulted in a model of Inner Strength where inner strength comprises four interrelated and interacting dimensions; connectedness, creativity, flexibility, and firmness. The model was used in this thesis as a theoretical framework.Aim The overall purpose of this thesis was to develop and validate an inner strength scale, describe inner strength among an older population, and elucidate its significance for experience of health, despite disease and adversities.Methods The studies had quantitative approaches with cross-sectional designs (I-III) and a qualitative approach with narrative interviews (IV). Studies I-IV was part of the GErontological Regional DAtabase (GERDA) Botnia project. In study I, the participants (n = 391, 19-90 years old) were mostly from northern Sweden. In studies II and III, the participants (n = 6119, 65, 70, 75 and 80 years old) were from Sweden and Finland, and in study IV the participants (n = 12, 67-82 years old) were from Västerbotten County. Data was analysed using principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), various statistics, structural equation modelling, and qualitative content analysis.Results In study I, the Inner Strength Scale (ISS) was developed and psychometrically tested. An initial 63-item ISS was reduced to a final 20-item ISS. A four-factor solution based on the four dimensions of inner strength was supported, explaining 51% of the variance, and the CFA showed satisfactory goodness-of-fit. In study II, ISS scores in relation to age, gender and culture showed the highest mean ISS score among the 65-year-olds, with a decrease in mean score for every subsequent age (70, 75, and 80 years). Women had slightly higher mean ISS scores than men, and there were minor differences between the regions in Sweden and Finland. In study III, a hypothesis was proposed and subsequently supported in the results where inner strength was found to partially mediate in the relationship between disease and self-rated health. The bias-corrected bootstrap, estimating the mediating indirect effect was significant and the test of goodness-of-fit was satisfactory. In study IV, from the narratives of inner strength it was found that inner strength comprised feelings of being connected and finding life worth living. Having faith in oneself and one’s possibilities and facing and taking an active part in the situation were also expressed. Finally, coming back and finding ways to go forward in life were found to be essential aspects of inner strength.Conclusions The newly developed ISS is a reliable and valid instrument that captures a broad perspective of inner strength. Basic data about inner strength in a large population of old people in Sweden and Finland is provided, showing the highest mean ISS score among the 65-year-olds. Inner strength among old people is a resource for experience of health, despite disease and adversities. This thesis contributes to increase knowledge of the phenomenon of inner strength and provide evidence for the importance of inner strength for old people’s wellbeing. Increased knowledge of the four dimensions of inner strength; connectedness, creativity, flexibility and firmness, is proposed to serve as an aid for health care professionals in their efforts to identify where the need of support is greatest and to find interventions that promotes and strengthen inner strength.
|
|
| 17. |
- Viglund, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
-
Inner strength as a mediator of the relationship between disease and self-rated health among old people
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 70:1, s. 144-152
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To explore inner strength as a mediator of the relationship between disease and self-rated health among older people.BACKGROUND: Qualitative research has indicated that inner strength is an essential resource for an individual affected by disease. A hypothesis of inner strength as a mediator of the relationship between disease and self-rated health was proposed. The theoretical framework of inner strength was based on the Model of Inner Strength.DESIGN: A cross-sectional design was used.METHOD: The sample included 6119 participants from Finland and Sweden, in the ages of 65, 70, 75 and 80 years. The GERDA-Botnia questionnaire, which included the Inner Strength Scale and items related to diseases and self-rated health, was sent out between October and December 2010. Structural equation modelling was used to test a hypothesized model.RESULTS: The result indicated that having a disease was associated with poorer self-rated health and a lower degree of inner strength and a higher degree of inner strength was associated with better self-rated health. The result supported the hypothesis by indicating that inner strength partially mediated the relationship between disease and self-rated health.CONCLUSION: This large cross-sectional study with participants from 65 to 80 years of age from Finland and Sweden showed that inner strength can be a resource for older people affected by disease. Increasing inner strength in older people affected by disease may be one intervention to support experiences of health despite disease.
|
|
| 18. |
- Viglund, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
-
Inner strength in relation to age, gender and culture among old people : a cross-sectional population study in two Nordic countries.
- 2013
-
In: Aging & Mental Health. - : Routledge. - 1360-7863 .- 1364-6915. ; 17:8, s. 1016-1022
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: The theoretical framework for the study was the Model of Inner Strength, and the Inner Strength Scale (ISS)developed based on the Model was used. The aim was to examine inner strength in relation to age, gender and culture among old people in Sweden and Finland.Method: This study forms part of the GErontological Regional DAtabase (GERDA)-Botnia project that investigates healthy ageing with focus on the dignity, social participation and health of old people. The participants (N = 6119) were 65-, 70-, 75- and 80-year old and living in two counties in Sweden or Finland. The ISS consists of 20 items relating to four interrelated dimensions of inner strength, according to the Model of Inner Strength. The range of possible ISS scores is 20-120, a higher score denoting higher inner strength.Result: The result showed that the 65-year-old participants had the highest mean ISS score, with a decrease in score for every subsequent age. The lowest score was achieved by the 80-year-old participants. Women had slightly but significantly higher mean ISS scores than men. Only small differences were found between the counties.Conclusion: The study population came from Sweden and Finland; still, despite the different backgrounds, patterns in the distribution of inner strength were largely similar. The present study provides basic and essential information about inner strength in a population of old people.
|
|
| 19. |
- Viglund, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
-
Psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the selection, optimization, compensation questionnaire
- 2013
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 27:2, s. 460-467
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The model of selection, optimization and compensation has been proposed as a model of adaptive management strategies throughout the lifespan.Aim: The aim of this study was to test the psychometric properties of a translated Swedish version of the 12-item selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) questionnaire.Method: The 12-item SOC questionnaire is composed of four subscales: elective selection (ES), loss-based selection, optimization and compensation. A convenience sample of 122 Swedish-speaking people, aged 19-85, participated in a study of the validity and reliability of the SOC questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, corrected item-total correlation and Cronbach's alpha if item deleted were used for reliability testing. Two other scales, the ways of coping questionnaire and Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, were used to test convergent validity, and the geriatric depression scale was used to test discriminant validity. Stability over time was evaluated using a test-retest model with a 2-week interval.Results: The 12-item SOC questionnaire showed a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.50, and the subscales ranged from α=0.16 to α=0.64. Two items in the ES subscale had negative values on the corrected item-total correlation and showed substantial improvement (>0.05) in Cronbach's alpha when item deleted. When these two items that influenced internal consistency were deleted, Cronbach's alpha rose to 0.68.Conclusion: The Swedish version of the 12-item SOC questionnaire showed deficiencies in a test of internal consistency because of two items in the ES subscale, and these two items were deleted. A consequence of the reduction is a weakening of the ES subscale and thereby to some extent the SOC questionnaire in total. Further testing is advisable. However, the 10-item SOC questionnaire was acceptable in a test of validity and reliability.
|
|
