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1.
  • Hadgu, Endale, et al. (author)
  • Breast cancer in Ethiopia : evidence for geographic difference in the distribution of molecular subtypes in Africa
  • 2018
  • In: BMC Women's Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6874. ; 18:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with several morphological and molecular subtypes. Widely accepted molecular classification system uses assessment of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and proliferation marker Ki67. Few studies have been conducted on the incidence and molecular types of breast cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa. Previous studies mainly from Western and Central Africa, showed breast cancer to occur at younger ages and to present with aggressive features, such as high-grade, advanced stage and triple-negative phenotype (negative for ER, PR and HER2). Limited data from East Africa including Ethiopia however shows hormone receptor negative tumors to account for a lower proportion of all breast cancers than has been reported from elsewhere in Africa.METHODS: In this study from Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, 114 breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2012 and 2015 were enrolled. ER, PR, Ki67 and HER2 receptor status were assessed using immunohistochemistry from tissue microarrays. FISH was used for assessment of gene amplification in all equivocal tumor samples and for confirmation in HER2-enriched cases.RESULTS: The distribution of molecular subtypes was: Luminal A: 40%; Luminal B: 26%; HER2-enriched: 10%; TNBC: 23%. ER were positive in 65% of all tumors and 43% the cases were positive for PR. There was statistically significant difference in median age at diagnosis between the molecular subtypes (P < 0.05). There was a bimodal distribution of molecular subtypes in different age ranges with Luminal B subtype being more common at younger ages (median = 36) and Luminal A subtype more prevalent at older ages (median = 42). There were no statistically significant differences in tumor grade, histology, and stage between the molecular subtypes of breast cancer.CONCLUSION: The present study detected Luminal A breast cancer to be the most common subtype and reveals a relatively low rate of hormone receptor negative and TNBC. Our findings and results from other East African studies suggest geographic variability in the distribution of the molecular subtypes of breast cancer in Africa and hence have important clinical and policy implications for breast cancer control and treatment in Ethiopia.
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2.
  • Hasslöf, Pamela, et al. (author)
  • Vitamin D Insufficiency among Women Post-Partum in Northern Sweden : A Public Health Concern
  • 2017
  • In: Food and Nutrition Sciences. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2157-944X .- 2157-9458. ; :8, s. 99-109
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Pregnancy and post-partum represent a period of susceptibility for vitamin D insufficiency. This study investigated S-25 [OH] D levels in women in northern Sweden 4 weeks post-partum and its association with selected background factors. Blood from 100 healthy women were analyzed for iron status and serum levels of S-25[OH] D using ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS). <50 nmol/L was categorized as insufficiency and <25 nmol/L as deficiency. Maternal BMI, dietary habits, fungal infections during pregnancy, and infant birth characteristics were collected using questionnaires and medical charts. 58% were vitamin D insufficient whereas 10% had deficiency. Insufficiency was most common during winter (OR = 2.77; 95% CI = 1.1-6.96) and women with deficiency reported lower milk consumption; 11.3 ± 22.8 intakes per months vs. 34.0 ± 28.9 for those above 25 nmol/L (p < 0.05). Vitamin D-insufficient women had lower serum ferritin levels (p < 0.01) and higher serum transferrin levels (p < 0.05). A history of vaginal fungal infection during pregnancy was associated with insufficiency (OR = 5.10; 95% CI = 1.01-25.73), however, the confidence interval of the estimate was wide, resulting in uncertainty. It is concluded that vitamin D insufficiency 4 weeks post-partum was common in women living at 63°49'N. The odds of being insufficient were increased during winter whereas milk consumption was negatively associated with deficiency. The low vitamin D-levels particularly during winter is a public health concern. From a public health perspective it has to be considered whether dietary advices alone should be modified or if supplementation with vitamin D during pregnancy and the post-partum period also is needed.
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3.
  • Höglund, Evelina, et al. (author)
  • A meal concept designed for older adults : small enriched meals including dessert
  • 2018
  • In: Food and Nutrition Research. ; :62
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: The population of older adults is growing and many are at risk of disease-related malnutrition.This is a serious condition which increases the risk for other diseases and distress, human suffering and puts ahigh load on health care costs. Meal concepts tailored to suit the needs of older adults are required to decreasethe incidence of disease-related malnutrition.Objective: To evaluate sensory perception regarding a concept of small, protein and energy-enriched multicomponentmeals designed according to the nutritional needs of older adults.Design: A meal concept of small main courses with complementary desserts and protein and energy-enrichedproducts was evaluated using triangle tests, hedonic evaluation and focus group discussion. Enriched saucesand meals were compared to corresponding commercial products regarding appearance, taste, consistency andoverall acceptance.Results: The concept of a small main course with a complementary dessert was generally perceived as positiveby the target group. The acceptance scores for the enriched meals were generally lower than for the commercialmeals, mainly owing to the packaging of the enriched meals which required covering the food in sauce.Enriched sauces contained approximately 90% more protein than the commercial sauces. However, proteinenrichment affected the sensory properties of the sauces and they were perceived as thicker, creamier and lessflavour-intensive.Conclusions: A concept based on small, protein and energy-enriched meals supplemented with a dessert wasconsidered suitable for increasing the energy and protein intakes of older adults provided that the method ofenrichment ensures attractive sensorial properties.
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4.
  • Höglund, Evelina, et al. (author)
  • A meal concept designed for older adults - Small, enriched meals including dessert.
  • 2018
  • In: Food & nutrition research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-661X .- 1654-6628. ; 62
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: The population of older adults is growing and many are at risk of disease-related malnutrition. This is a serious condition which increases the risk for other diseases and distress, human suffering and puts a high load on health care costs. Meal concepts tailored to suit the needs of older adults are required to decrease the incidence of disease-related malnutrition.Objective: To evaluate sensory perception regarding a concept of small, protein and energy-enriched multi-component meals designed according to the nutritional needs of older adults.Design: A meal concept of small main courses with complementary desserts and protein and energy-enriched products was evaluated using triangle tests, hedonic evaluation and focus group discussion. Enriched sauces and meals were compared to corresponding commercial products regarding appearance, taste, consistency and overall acceptance.Results: The concept of a small main course with a complementary dessert was generally perceived as positive by the target group. The acceptance scores for the enriched meals were generally lower than for the commercial meals, mainly owing to the packaging of the enriched meals which required covering the food in sauce. Enriched sauces contained approximately 90% more protein than the commercial sauces. However, protein enrichment affected the sensory properties of the sauces and they were perceived as thicker, creamier and less flavour-intensive.Conclusions: A concept based on small, protein and energy-enriched meals supplemented with a dessert was considered suitable for increasing the energy and protein intakes of older adults provided that the method of enrichment ensures attractive sensorial properties.
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6.
  • Mattsson, Johanna Sofia Margareta, 1985-, et al. (author)
  • Inconsistent results in the analysis of ALK rearrangements in non-small cell lung cancer
  • 2016
  • In: BMC Cancer. - London, United Kingdom : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 16
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Identification of targetable EML4-ALK fusion proteins has revolutionized the treatment of a minor subgroup of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Although fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is regarded as the gold standard for detection of ALK rearrangements, ALK immunohistochemistry (IHC) is often used as screening tool in clinical practice. In order to unbiasedly analyze the diagnostic impact of such a screening strategy, we compared ALK IHC with ALK FISH in three large representative Swedish NSCLC cohorts incorporating clinical parameters and gene expression data.Methods: ALK rearrangements were detected using FISH on tissue microarrays (TMAs), including tissue from 851 NSCLC patients. In parallel, ALK protein expression was detected using IHC, applying the antibody clone D5F3 with two different protocols (the FDA approved Ventana CDx assay and our in house Dako IHC protocol). Gene expression microarray data (Affymetrix) was available for 194 patients.Results: ALK rearrangements were detected in 1.7% in the complete cohort and 2.0% in the non-squamous cell carcinoma subgroup. ALK protein expression was observed in 1.9% and 1.5% when applying the Ventana assay or the in house Dako protocol, respectively. The specificity and accuracy of IHC was high (>99%), while the sensitivity was between 69% (Ventana) and 62% (in house Dako protocol). Furthermore, only 67% of the ALK IHC positive cases were positive in both IHC assays. Gene expression analysis revealed that 6/194 (3%) tumors showed high ALK gene expression (≥6AU) and of them only three were positive by either FISH or IHC.Conclusion: The overall frequency of ALK rearrangements based on FISH was lower than previously reported. The sensitivity of both IHC assays was low, and the concordance between the FISH and the IHC assays poor, questioning current strategies to screen with IHC prior to FISH or completely replace FISH by IHC.
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7.
  • Mattsson, Johanna Sofia Margareta, 1985-, et al. (author)
  • Prognostic impact of COX-2 in non-small cell lung cancer : a comprehensive compartment-specific evaluation of tumor and stromal cell expression
  • 2015
  • In: Cancer Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3835 .- 1872-7980. ; 356:2, s. 837-845
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme that has been extensively investigated as a prognostic marker in cancer. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previous results regarding the prognostic impact of COX-2 expression are inconsistent. Therefore we evaluated the association between transcript levels and overall survival in nine publicly available gene expression data sets (total n = 1337) and determined in situ compartment-specific tumor and stromal cell protein expression in two independent cohorts (n = 616). Gene expression did not show any correlation with clinical parameters or with overall survival. Protein expression in tumor and stromal cells did not correlate with any clinical parameter or with overall survival in one of the analyzed cohorts, while a significant association of high stromal expression with longer survival was observed in both univariate and multivariate analysis in the other cohort. Stromal expression of COX-2 has not been separately evaluated in NSCLC previously and may be a subject of further investigation, whereas the presented findings from this comprehensive compartment specific evaluation clearly reject the hypothesis of COX-2 tumor cell expression having a prognostic value in NSCLC. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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8.
  • Abbott, Benjamin W., et al. (author)
  • Biomass offsets little or none of permafrost carbon release from soils, streams, and wildfire : an expert assessment
  • 2016
  • In: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 11:3
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • As the permafrost region warms, its large organic carbon pool will be increasingly vulnerable to decomposition, combustion, and hydrologic export. Models predict that some portion of this release will be offset by increased production of Arctic and boreal biomass; however, the lack of robust estimates of net carbon balance increases the risk of further overshooting international emissions targets. Precise empirical or model-based assessments of the critical factors driving carbon balance are unlikely in the near future, so to address this gap, we present estimates from 98 permafrost-region experts of the response of biomass, wildfire, and hydrologic carbon flux to climate change. Results suggest that contrary to model projections, total permafrost-region biomass could decrease due to water stress and disturbance, factors that are not adequately incorporated in current models. Assessments indicate that end-of-the-century organic carbon release from Arctic rivers and collapsing coastlines could increase by 75% while carbon loss via burning could increase four-fold. Experts identified water balance, shifts in vegetation community, and permafrost degradation as the key sources of uncertainty in predicting future system response. In combination with previous findings, results suggest the permafrost region will become a carbon source to the atmosphere by 2100 regardless of warming scenario but that 65%-85% of permafrost carbon release can still be avoided if human emissions are actively reduced.
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9.
  • Ali, Neserin, et al. (author)
  • Comprehensive proteome analysis of nasal lavage samples after controlled exposure to welding nanoparticles shows an induced acute phase and a nuclear receptor, LXR/RXR, activation that influence the status of the extracellular matrix
  • 2018
  • In: Clinical Proteomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1542-6416 .- 1559-0275. ; 15:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Epidemiological studies have shown that many welders experience respiratory symptoms. During the welding process a large number of airborne nanosized particles are generated, which might be inhaled and deposited in the respiratory tract. Knowledge of the underlying mechanisms behind observed symptoms is still partly lacking, although inflammation is suggested to play a central role. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of welding fume particle exposure on the proteome expression level in welders suffering from respiratory symptoms, and changes in protein mediators in nasal lavage samples were analyzed. Such mediators will be helpful to clarify the pathomechanisms behind welding fume particle-induced effects. Methods: In an exposure chamber, 11 welders with work-related symptoms in the lower airways during the last month were exposed to mild-steel welding fume particles (1 mg/m3) and to filtered air, respectively, in a double-blind manner. Nasal lavage samples were collected before, immediately after, and the day after exposure. The proteins in the nasal lavage were analyzed with two different mass spectrometry approaches, label-free discovery shotgun LC-MS/MS and a targeted selected reaction monitoring LC-MS/MS analyzing 130 proteins and four in vivo peptide degradation products. Results: The analysis revealed 30 significantly changed proteins that were associated with two main pathways; activation of acute phase response signaling and activation of LXR/RXR, which is a nuclear receptor family involved in lipid signaling. Connective tissue proteins and proteins controlling the degradation of such tissues, including two different matrix metalloprotease proteins, MMP8 and MMP9, were among the significantly changed enzymes and were identified as important key players in the pathways. Conclusion: Exposure to mild-steel welding fume particles causes measurable changes on the proteome level in nasal lavage matrix in exposed welders, although no clinical symptoms were manifested. The results suggested that the exposure causes an immediate effect on the proteome level involving acute phase proteins and mediators regulating lipid signaling. Proteases involved in maintaining the balance between the formation and degradation of extracellular matrix proteins are important key proteins in the induced effects.
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11.
  • Andersson, Henrik, et al. (author)
  • Orexin A Phosphorylates the gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor beta(2) Subunit on a Serine Residue and Changes the Surface Expression of the Receptor in SH-SY5Y Cells Exposed to Propofol
  • 2015
  • In: Journal of Neuroscience Research. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 0360-4012 .- 1097-4547. ; 93:11, s. 1748-1755
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Propofol activates the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA(A)R) and causes a reversible neurite retraction, leaving a thin, thread-like structure behind; it also reverses the transport of vesicles in rat cortical neurons. The awakening peptide orexin A (OA) inhibits this retraction via phospholipase D (PLD) and protein kinase CE (PKCE). The human SH-SY5Y cells express both GABA(A)Rs and orexin 1 and 2 receptors. These cells are used to examine the interaction between OA and the GABAAR. The effects of OA are studied with flow cytometry and immunoblotting. This study shows that OA stimulates phosphorylation on the serine residues of the GABA(A)R beta(2) subunit and that the phosphorylation is caused by the activation of PLD and PKCE. OA administration followed by propofol reduces the cell surface expression of the GABA(A)R, whereas propofol stimulation before OA increases the surface expression. The GABA(A)R beta(2) subunit is important for receptor recirculation, and the effect of OA on propofol-stimulated cells may be due to a disturbed recirculation of the GABA(A)R. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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12.
  • Bökberg, Christina, et al. (author)
  • Care and Service at Home for People With Dementia in Europe
  • 2015
  • In: Abstractbook Nordic Conference on Advances in Health Care Sciences Research. ; , s. 22-22
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose: To describe available and utilized professional care and service at home for people with dementia, from diagnosis to end-of-life stage, in eight European countries. Design: A descriptive cross-country design concerning eight European countries as a part of the European research project, RightTimePlaceCare (RTPC).Methods: The research team in each country used a mapping system to collect countryspecific information on a general level concerning dementia care and service system. The mapping system consisted of fifty types of care and service activities. Sixteen of the fifty predefined activities concerning professional care and service at home were selected for this study and subdivided into three categories, following the stages of dementia.Results: Availability was reported to be higher than utilization and the results indicated more similarities than differences among the eight countries involved. Even though there were several available activities of Basic care and services and Health care interventions they were utilized by few in most countries. Furthermore, Specialized care and services for people with dementia were sparsely available and even more sparsely utilized in the participating countries.Conclusions: The results indicated that people with dementia in Europe received professional care and service on a general, basic level but seldom received care and service adjusted to their specific needs.Clinical Relevance: This study highlights available and utilized types of care and service activities enabling nurses to develop individually adjusted care plans for people with dementia during the progress of the disease. Knowledge of care and services in other countries provides nurses with an important tool for the improvement of dementia care. However assessing the quality of care requires an indication of informal care provision in different countries.
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13.
  • Bökberg, Christina, et al. (author)
  • Care and Service at Home for Persons With Dementia in Europe
  • 2015
  • In: Journal of Nursing Scholarship. - Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1527-6546 .- 1547-5069. ; 47:5, s. 407-416
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose: To describe available and utilized formal care and service at home for persons with dementia, from diagnosis to end-of-life stage, in eight European countries.Design: A descriptive cross-country design concerning eight European countries as a part of the European research project RightTimePlaceCare.Methods: The research team in each country used a mapping system to collect country-specific information concerning dementia care and service system. The mapping system consists of 50 types of care and service activities. Sixteen of the 50 predefined activities concerning care and service at home were selected for this study and subdivided into three categories, following the stages of dementia.Findings: Availability was reported to be higher than utilization, and the findings indicated more similarities than differences among the eight countries involved. Even though there were several available activities of "basic care and services" and "healthcare interventions," they were utilized by few in most countries. Furthermore, "specialized dementia care and services" were sparsely available and even more sparsely utilized in the participating countries.Conclusions: The findings indicated that persons with dementia in Europe received formal care and service on a general, basic level but seldom adjusted to their specific needs.Clinical Relevance: This study describes the gap between service provision and utilization enabling nurses to develop individually adjusted care plans for persons with dementia during the progress of the disease. The findings do not include matters of quality of care or how to best organize effective care and services. However, the activities of care and services presented here should shed light on what room there is for improvement when it comes to enabling persons with dementia to go on living at home. © 2015 Sigma Theta Tau International.
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15.
  • Bökberg, Christina, et al. (author)
  • Significance of quality of care for quality of life in persons with dementia at risk of nursing home admission : A cross-sectional study
  • 2017
  • In: BMC Nursing. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6955. ; 16:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Quality of life in persons with dementia is, in large part, dependent on the quality of care they receive. Investigating both subjective and objective aspects of quality of care may reveal areas for improvement regarding their care, which information may ultimately enable persons with dementia to remain living in their own homes while maintaining quality of life. The aim of this study was to 1) describe self-reported quality of life in persons with dementia at risk of nursing home admission. 2) describe subjective and objective aspects of quality of care, 3) investigate the significance of quality of care for quality of life. Methods: A cross-sectional interview study design was used, based on questionnaires about quality of life (QoL-AD) and different aspects of quality of care (CLINT and quality indicators). The sample consisted of 177 persons with dementia living in urban and rural areas in Skåne County, Sweden. Descriptive and comparative statistics (Mann-Whitney U-test) were used to analyse the data. Results: Based upon Lawton's conceptual framework for QoL in older people, persons with pain showed significantly lower quality of life in the dimensions behavioural competence (p = 0.026) and psychological wellbeing (p = 0.006) compared with those without pain. Satisfaction with care seemed to have a positive effect on quality of life. The overall quality of life was perceived high even though one-third of the persons with dementia had daily pain and had had a weight loss of ≥4% during the preceding year. Furthermore, 23% of the persons with dementia had fallen during the last month and 40% of them had sustained an injury when falling. Conclusion: This study indicates need for improvements in home care and services for persons with dementia at risk for nursing home admission. Registered nurses are responsible for nursing interventions related to pain, patient safety, skin care, prevention of accidents, and malnutrition. Therefore, it is of great importance for nurses to have knowledge about areas that can be improved to be able to tailor interventions and thereby improve quality of care outcomes such as quality of life in persons with dementia living at home.
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16.
  • Bökberg, Christina, et al. (author)
  • Utilisation of formal and informal care and services at home among persons with dementia : a cross-sectional study
  • 2018
  • In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 32:2, s. 843-851
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BackgroundThe progression of dementia disease implies increasing needs for both informal and formal care and services but also risk of institutionalisation. To better adjust care and services in the phase preceding institutionalisation it is important to find out whether utilisation of formal and informal care and services is determined by increased needs and by who meets the needs.AimThe aim was to compare persons with dementia (65+) with different levels of cognitive impairment, regarding utilisation of formal and informal care and service at home.MethodsThe participants consisted of 177 persons with dementia ≥65 years old and at risk of nursing home admission, divided into groups according to their cognitive function. Structured interviews were conducted based on questionnaires about type and amount of formal and informal care utilised, as well as questions regarding cognitive impairment, dependency in activities of daily living (ADLs) and neuropsychiatric symptoms. To analyse the data, descriptive and comparative statistics were used.ResultsThe findings revealed that the group with severe dementia used significantly more help with ADLs and supervision in terms of time (number of hours and days) provided by the informal caregiver, compared with the group with moderate dementia. Utilisation of formal care and services was highest in the group with the most severe cognitive impairments (Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination score of <9). The group with severe dementia were more dependent in ADLs and had more neuropsychiatric symptoms (hallucinations and motor disturbances). They were younger and more often cohabitated with the informal caregiver, compared with the group with moderate dementia.ConclusionThis study shows that in the phase preceding institutionalisation the ADL and supervision needs due to progression of dementia appear to tend to be met first and foremost by the informal caregivers. © 2017 Nordic College of Caring Science.
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17.
  • Dahlin, Anna M., 1979-, et al. (author)
  • Genetic Variants in the 9p21.3 Locus Associated with Glioma Risk in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults : A Case-Control Study
  • 2019
  • In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 28:7, s. 1252-1258
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Genome-wide association studies have identified germline genetic variants in 25 genetic loci that increase the risk of developing glioma in adulthood. It is not known if these variants increase the risk of developing glioma in children and adolescents and young adults (AYA). To date, no studies have performed genome-wide analyses to find novel genetic variants associated with glioma risk in children and AYA.Methods: We investigated the association between 8,831,628 genetic variants and risk of glioma in 854 patients diagnosed up to the age of 29 years and 3,689 controls from Sweden and Denmark. Recruitment of patients and controls was population based. Genotyping was performed using Illumina BeadChips, and untyped variants were imputed with IMPUTE2. We selected 41 established adult glioma risk variants for detailed investigation.Results: Three adult glioma risk variants, rs634537, rs2157719, and rs145929329, all mapping to the 9p21.3 (CDKN2B-AS1) locus, were associated with glioma risk in children and AYA. The strongest association was seen for rs634537 (odds ratioG = 1.21; 95% confidence interval = 1.09–1.35; P = 5.8 × 10−4). In genome-wide analysis, an association with risk was suggested for 129 genetic variants (P <1 × 10−5).Conclusions: Carriers of risk alleles in the 9p21.3 locus have an increased risk of glioma throughout life. The results from genome-wide association analyses require validation in independent cohorts.Impact: Our findings line up with existing evidence that some, although not all, established adult glioma risk variants are associated with risk of glioma in children and AYA. Validation of results from genome-wide analyses may reveal novel susceptibility loci for glioma in children and AYA.
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18.
  • Dufva, Charlotte, et al. (author)
  • DNA profiles obtained from urine in snow
  • 2019
  • In: Forensic Science International. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 1875-1768 .- 1875-175X. ; 7:1, s. 544-545
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Urine can be a potential important source of evidence when occurring at crime scenes. In case of outdoor scenes including snow a yellow colour could indicate the existence of human urine. In an effort to be able to investigate urine as a crime scene sample we have evaluated protocols for analysing DNA from urine in snow. Two different tests were performed with a smaller and a larger volume of urine dispensed on snow. The tubes were put into a freezer to mimic winter conditions. A Urine Preservative was added to some of the samples. DNA profiles were compared between samples extracted using a Urine DNA Isolation Kit and samples extracted with a Chelex-based method. In addition, a test was performed with the aim to mimic a potential crime scene. With a smaller volume of urine the best quality DNA profiles were obtained using the Urine DNA Isolation Kit without the Urine Preservative. When a larger volume of urine was handled and in the crime scene setup, there were no clear difference between the two extraction methods. Instead, the variation observed was between individuals.
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19.
  • Eckerdal, Patricia, 1972- (author)
  • Perinatal Complications: Associations with Postpartum depressive symptoms and Neuroticism
  • 2018
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Even though most pregnancies and deliveries are uncomplicated, still fifteen percent of all women in developed countries suffer pregnancy-related complications. The aim of this thesis was to explore the associations between perinatal complications and perinatal maternal health, with emphasis on postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS) and neuroticism taking into account potential confounding or mediating factors such as history of depression, antenatal depressive symptoms and delivery experience.In the first study (n=446), the association between heavy postpartum haemorrhage and PPDS at six weeks postpartum was delineated by using path-analysis in order to provide insight into the complex mediating roles of several consequences of postpartum haemorrhage. There was no direct association between postpartum haemorrhage and PPDS, only an indirect one via anaemia at discharge and negative delivery experience.The second study (n=3888) examined the association of mode of delivery with PPDS at 6 weeks postpartum. The results indicate that the association between elective caesarean section and PPDS is highly confounded by history of depression and fear of delivery, while emergency caesarean section and vacuum extraction increase odds for PPDS by leading to postpartum complications and negative delivery experience.The third study (n=1503) investigated the association between the use of epidural analgesia during delivery and PPDS. A positive association in the crude analysis was no longer present after adjustment for sociodemographic, psychosocial and obstetrical variables, indicating that pain relief through epidural analgesia is not likely to affect risk for PPDS.In the last study (n=1969), the association between neuroticism and perinatal complications was explored. Neuroticism was not associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, except for gestational diabetes mellitus. The association, however, became statistically non-significant after adjusting for psychiatric morbidity.In summary, the current studies do no find evidence for a direct association between perinatal complications and postpartum depressive symptoms or neuroticism. However, several important mediators have been identified, among which postpartum anaemia and negative delivery experience deserve special attention. Also, earlier psychiatric history needs to be addressed as an important confounder.
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20.
  • Grund Bäck, Lina, et al. (author)
  • Improved mechanical properties and chemical durability by modifying the float glass composition and thermo-chemical strengthening for photovoltaic cover glass
  • 2017
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Solar energy is promising renewable energy where glass is an important material and have a significant impact on the efficiency of the photovoltaic (PV) module. The cover glass of PV-modules constitutes a large part of the total weight of the unit. In a recent Solar-ERA.NET project, LIMES (www.limes.nu), have we been aiming towards developing 1 mm thin glass for PV modules by improving the indentation mechanical properties and by investigating a novel thermo-chemical strengthening method.Starting from traditional soda-lime-silicate float composition different components was studied in a DoE fashion. The mechanical properties were studied using nano- and microindentation, the chemical durability by P98 analysis and weathering experiments. The findings resulted in a suggested composition for improving the properties of float glass by adding small amounts of zinc and titanium oxide as well as increasing the amount of aluminum and magnesium oxide. The components found to improve the chemical resistance were alumina, zirconia, zinc, lanthanum and titanium oxide. The surface hardness, crack- and scratch resistance were improved when magnesia was replaced with zinc oxide. When magnesia was replaced with titania, the hardness was increased.Some results from the thermo-chemical strengthening experiments will be presented. Heating and quenching in a reactive gas atmosphere using aluminum precursors have resulted in chemically modified surface in addition to the thermal strengthening.
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21.
  • Hassan, Noor, 1977- (author)
  • Characterization and engineering of carbohydrate-active enzymes for biotechnological applications
  • 2015
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Extremozymes are enzymes produced by microorganisms that live in extreme habitats. Due to their higher stability, extremozymes is attracting interest as biocatalysts in various industrial processes. In this context, carbohydrate-active extremozymes can be used in various processes relevant to the paper, food and feed industry.In this thesis, the crystal structure, biochemical characterization and the capacity to synthesize prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) were investigated for a β-glucosidase (HoBGLA) from the halothermophilic bacterium Halothermothrix orenii. The wild-type enzyme displays favorable characteristics for lactose hydrolysis and produces a range of prebiotic GOS, of which β-D-Galp-(1→6)-D-Lac and β-D-Galp-(1→3)-D-Lac are the major products (Paper I).To further improve GOS synthesis by HoBGLA, rational enzyme engineering was performed (Paper II). Six enzyme variants were generated by replacing strategically positioned active-site residues. Two HoBGLA variants were identified as potentially interesting, F417S and F417Y. The former appears to synthesize one particular GOS product in higher yield, whereas the latter produces a higher yield of total GOS.In Paper III, the high-resolution crystal structure and biochemical characterization of a hemicellulase (HoAraf43) from  H. orenii is presented. HoAraf43 folds as a five-bladed β-propeller and displays α-Larabinofuranosidase activity. The melting temperature of  HoAraf43 increases significantly in the presence of high salt and divalent cations, which is consistent with H. orenii being a halophile.Furthermore, the crystal structures of a thermostable tetrameric pyranose 2-oxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PcP2O) were determined to investigate the structural determinants of thermostability (Paper IV). PcP2O has an increased number of salt links between subunits, which may provide a mechanism for increased stability. The structures also imply that the N-terminal region acts as an intramolecular chaperone during homotetramer assembly.
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22.
  • Hermansson, Jonas, et al. (author)
  • Case fatality of myocardial infarction among shift workers
  • 2015
  • In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - Berlin Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 88:5, s. 599-605
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PURPOSE: Shift work has been associated with an excess risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and more specifically myocardial infarction (MI). The majority of the studies that found a positive association between shift work and CVD have been based on incidence data. The results from studies on cardiovascular-related mortality among shift workers have shown little or no elevated mortality associated with shift work. None of the previous studies have analysed short-term mortality (case fatality) after MI. Therefore, we investigated whether shift work is associated with increased case fatality after MI compared with day workers.METHODS: Data on incident cases with first MI were obtained from case-control study conducted in two geographical sites in Sweden (Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program and Västernorrland Heart Epidemiology Program), including 1,542 cases (1,147 men and 395 women) of MI with complete working time information and 65 years or younger. Case fatality was defined as death within 28 days of onset of MI. Risk estimates were calculated using logistic regression.RESULTS: The crude odds ratios for case fatality among male shift workers were 1.63 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.12, 2.38] and 0.56 (95 % CI 0.26, 1.18) for female shift workers compared with day workers. Adjustments for established cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes type II and socio-economic status did not alter the results.CONCLUSION: Shift work was associated with increased risk of case fatality among male shift workers after the first MI.
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23.
  • Hermansson, Jonas, et al. (author)
  • Interaction between Shift Work and Established Coronary Risk Factors
  • 2019
  • In: International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : IJOEM. - 2008-6520 .- 2008-6814. ; 10:2, s. 57-65
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Shift work is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the causes have not yet been fully established. It has been proposed that the coronary risk factors are more hazardous for shift workers, resulting in a potential interaction effect with shift work.OBJECTIVE: To analyse interaction effects of work schedule and established risk factors for coronary artery disease on the risk of myocardial infarction.METHODS: This analysis was conducted in SHEEP/VHEEP, a case-control study conducted in two counties in Sweden, comprising all first-time cases of myocardial infarction among men and women 45-70 years of age with controls stratified by sex, age, and hospital catchment area, totalling to 4648 participants. Synergy index (SI) was used as the main outcome analysis method for interaction analysis.RESULTS: There was an interaction effect between shift work and physical inactivity on the risk of myocardial infarction with SI of 2.05 (95% CI 1.07 to 3.92) for male shift workers. For female shift workers, interaction effects were found with high waist-hip ratio (SI 4.0, 95% CI 1.12 to 14.28) and elevated triglycerides (SI 5.69, 95% CI 1.67 to 19.38).CONCLUSION: Shift work and some established coronary risk factors have significant interactions.
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24.
  • Holdfeldt, André, et al. (author)
  • The lipidated peptidomimetic Lau-[(S)-Aoc]-(Lys-βNphe)6-NH2 is a novel formyl peptide receptor 2 agonist that activates both human and mouse neutrophil NADPH-oxidase.
  • 2016
  • In: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 291, s. 19888-19899
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Neutrophils expressing formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) play key roles in host defense, immune regulation, and in resolution of inflammation. Consequently, the search for FPR2-specific modulators has attracted much attention due to its therapeutic potential. Earlier described agonists for this receptor display potent activity for the human receptor (FPR2) but low activity for the mouse receptor orthologue (Fpr2), rendering them inapplicable in murine models of human disease. Here we describe a novel FPR2 agonist, the proteolytically stable α-peptide/β-peptoid hybrid Lau-[(S)-Aoc]-(Lys-βNphe)6-NH2 (F2M2), showing comparable potency in activating human and mouse neutrophils by inducing a rise in intracellular calcium and assembly of the superoxide-generating NADPH-oxidase. The FPR2/Fpr2 agonist contains a headgroup of 2-aminooctanoic acid (Aoc) residue acylated with lauric acid (C12 fatty acid), which is linked to a peptide/peptoid repeat (Lys-βNphe)6-NH2). Both the fatty acid moiety and the (S)-Aoc residue were required for FPR2/Fpr2 activation. This type of proteolytically stable FPR2-specific peptidomimetics may serve as valuable tools for future analysis of FPR2 signaling as well as for development of prophylactic immunomodulatory therapy. This novel class of cross-species FPR2/Fpr2 agonists should enable translation of results obtained with mouse neutrophils (and disease models) into enhanced understanding of human inflammatory and immune diseases.
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25.
  • Höglund, Evevlina, et al. (author)
  • Protein and energy enriched muffins designed for nutritional needs of older adults
  • 2017
  • In: Nutrition & Food Sceince. - 2474-767X. ; 2:4
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Disease related malnutrition is a common problem among older adults which results in human suffering and high health care costs. One way to counteract this condition is to offer appetizing and nutritious food products adapted to the needs of older adults. However, macronutrient enrichment of food products is not straight forward as it affects flavour and texture properties. In this study, muffins were fortified with rape seed oil and whey powder to reach increased fat and/or protein content and the nutritional value, sensory properties and physical parameters were investigated. The results showed that ingredients could be added to significantly increase the energy and protein density, but enrichment affected on appearance and other sensory properties. Extra fat made the muffins flat and moist with a smooth and fatty mouth feel, while whey powder addition resulted in high/pointy muffins with shiny appearance, hard texture and altered flavours. For co-addition of fat and protein the effects of added protein dominated. The specific role of muffin/cake batter compounds, and their transformation during the baking process, needs to be further investigated. Hence, more research is needed in order to offer older adult appealing foods with high energy and nutrient density.
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26.
  • Höglund, Evevlina, et al. (author)
  • Protein and energy enriched muffins designed for nutritional needs of older adults
  • 2017
  • In: Nutrition & Food Sceince. - 2474-767X. ; 2:4
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Disease related malnutrition is a common problem among older adults which results in human suffering and high health care costs. One way to counteract this condition is to offer appetizing and nutritious food products adapted to the needs of older adults. However, macronutrient enrichment of food products is not straight forward as it affects flavour and texture properties. In this study, muffins were fortified with rape seed oil and whey powder to reach increased fat and/or protein content and the nutritional value, sensory properties and physical parameters were investigated. The results showed that ingredients could be added to significantly increase the energy and protein density, but enrichment affected on appearance and other sensory properties. Extra fat made the muffins flat and moist with a smooth and fatty mouth feel, while whey powder addition resulted in high/pointy muffins with shiny appearance, hard texture and altered flavours. For co-addition of fat and protein the effects of added protein dominated. The specific role of muffin/cake batter compounds, and their transformation during the baking process, needs to be further investigated. Hence, more research is needed in order to offer older adult appealing foods with high energy and nutrient density.
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27.
  • Jansson, Jonas, 1973-, et al. (author)
  • Virtual road to the future
  • 2017
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • ViP Driving Simulation Centre is a joint initiative by VINNOVA and the ViP partners. From a VTI perspective, the thought of attracting and co-ordinating Sweden’s competence and resources in the field of driving simulation was a challenge, but above all a Very Important, Inspiring and Innovative Proposal, Project, Platform – which became ViP. Since the start in 2008, ViP has established an attractive environment for co-operation and competence development as well as for sharing and exchanging knowledge and experience in the field of real-time human-inthe- loop simulation. ViP builds and provides a unique platform of high quality tools, methods and open software for innovation and development of future vehicle functions, infrastructure, and transport system solutions by using advanced driving simulation. Thereby, the centre has been successful in introducing driving simulation in research and product development. Regarding product development, knowledge about the effects of alternative designs has been generated, which would have taken years to achieve in reality.
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28.
  • Jensen, Christina T, et al. (author)
  • Dissection of progenitor compartments resolves developmental trajectories in B-lymphopoiesis
  • 2018
  • In: Journal of Experimental Medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 215:7, s. 1947-1963
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • To understand the developmental trajectories in early lymphocyte differentiation, we identified differentially expressed surface markers on lineage-negative lymphoid progenitors (LPs). Single-cell polymerase chain reaction experiments allowed us to link surface marker expression to that of lineage-associated transcription factors (TFs) and identify GFRA2 and BST1 as markers of early B cells. Functional analyses in vitro and in vivo as well as single-cell gene expression analyses supported that surface expression of these proteins defined distinct subpopulations that include cells from both the classical common LPs (CLPs) and Fraction A compartments. The formation of the GFRA2-expressing stages of development depended on the TF EBF1, critical both for the activation of stage-specific target genes and modulation of the epigenetic landscape. Our data show that consecutive expression of Ly6D, GFRA2, and BST1 defines a developmental trajectory linking the CLP to the CD19+ progenitor compartment.
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29.
  • Karlsson, Christina (author)
  • Detection and assessment of pain in dementia care practice : Registered nurses’ and certified nursing assistants’ experiences
  • 2015
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Aim: The overall aim of the thesis was to explore and describe registered nurses’ (RNs) and certified nursing assistants’ (CNAs) experiences of detection and assessment of pain in older people with cognitive impairment and dementia. A further aim was to evaluate the Abbey Pain Scale-SWE (APS-SWE) in dementia care practice.Methods: An exploratory and descriptive design was used in Study I. An exploratory and interpreting design was used in Study II and Study III. A prospective, descriptive, observational and instrumental design was used in Study IV. Focus group interviews (I) and individual interviews (II, III) were applied to explore and describe RNs’ and CNAs’ experiences of pain assessment in people living with dementia. Qualitative content analysis (I) and philosophical hermeneutics (II) were used to analyse qualitative data. Observation, instrument, and questionnaire were applied to evaluate reliability and face validity of the APS-SWE for pain assessment. Descriptive statistics and reliability analyses were used to analyse quantitative data (IV).Results: RNs in special housing accommodation settings experiences that pain assessment in people with dementia is challenging primarily due to their changed RN consultant role, which to a great extent is directed into administrative and consultative tasks rather than bedside care. This has led to decreased time in daily nursing care, preventing recognising symptoms of pain. This have also led to that RNs are dependent on information from CNAs who are the front-line staff providing daily care (I). CNAs’ perception of signs of pain in people with dementia emerges from being present in the care situation and alertness on physical and behavioural changes that could be due to pain, and from providing the care in a preventive, protective and supportive way to prevent painful situations occurring (II). RNs and CNAs working in home healthcare team use a variety of strategies to detect and assess pain. A trustful work relationship based on staff continuity and a good relation to the person in need of care facilitates pain assessment situations (III). Systematic observation of older people living in special housing accommodation during rest and mobility using the APS-SWE demonstrates that the scale has adequate internal consistency, reliability, and face validity for pain assessment (IV).Conclusions: This thesis found that the RNs’ and CNAs’ detections and assessments of pain rely on solid cooperation, staff continuity, and good knowledge of the person cared for. It was also revealed that there is a lack of using appropriate and assisting pain tools. The APS-SWE show adequate reliability and face validity and can serve as a useful pain tool to assist in detection and assessment of pain in older people who are limited in verbalising pain recognisable. Further evaluation of how the person-centred perspective is applied in pain assessment situations is needed in order to evaluate positive outcomes in people with dementia. Further psychometric evaluation of the APS-SWE in clinical dementia care practice is needed to strengthen validity and reliability.
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30.
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31.
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32.
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33.
  • Karlsson, Håkan (author)
  • Pedagogiska identiteter : Fostran till entreprenörskap
  • 2017
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • The aim of this doctoral dissertation project has been to investigate and describe Entrepreneurship Education in one Swedish county, E‐county. The dissertation is based on five studies, four case studies and a minor follow‐up study. Together these studies constitute a multiple case study called The Main Study. The purpose of the study has been to investigate how European policy on entrepreneurship education has been reproduced and realized in different educational settings in E‐county, and the consequences this has had for fostering students and local identity building. The two first studies, cases A and B were carried out in three schools where three high school programs were studied, the Haircare program, a technical program and a social science program. The programs were chosen so that the whole range of highschool programs were represented; a practical program, a semi‐academic program and an academic program. The third case, C, contained the specific educational program ʺSummer Entrepreneur” which was developed in a local municipality in Ecounty, and had been spread throughout Sweden. The program was developed by local people within the framework of an educational concept that had been imported from Canada, “Open For Business“. The fourth study, case D, was carried out in the educational program Youth Enterprise in local high schools, including the so called “Practice school”. The fifth study was a minor study through interviews with representatives from the different educational programs. To enable methodical triangulation, studies A to D were carried out with interviews, questionnaires, observations and document analysis. The studies were based on theories of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education and general education. The theoretical framework for analysis was based on Basil Bernstein’s (2000) theoretical concepts classification, framing, the pedagogic device and pedagogic identities. The major finding from the Main Study was that entrepreneurship education was already part of the educational programs studied for some time before it became part of the Swedish national curricula in 2011. Entrepreneurship had become an element in the fostering of local identities in E‐county. Since it has become a major element of the value base in the national curricula, it will probably be an important part in fostering and identity building in all Swedish schools in the future.
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34.
  • Karlsson, Marie, et al. (author)
  • ”Let´s Party!” : Harry Potter fan fiction sites as social settings for narrative gender constructions
  • 2015
  • In: Gender and Language. - : Equinox Publishing. - 1747-6321 .- 1747-633X. ; 9:2, s. 167-188
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Online communication is often presented in research as offering ways for youngpeople to explore various forms of masculinity and femininity, which, in turn,could extend the notions of gendered identity. This paper explores how a HarryPotter fan fiction website can function as an online setting for gender identityconstruction among young fans. A positioning analysis of a small story told inan Internet Relay Chat (IRC) shows that although traditional gendered subjectpositions are explored and troubled in the story and its telling, heteronormativityprevails through the interpretative repertoires made available by the textualuniverse of Harry Potter. On the other hand, the positioning analysis of the smallstory activates an understanding of the interplay between the relational orderamong story characters and among the storytellers that can be seen as openingup a space between what is the told and the telling that allows the fans to experimentwith aspects of gender identities that are related to power and controlwithin an interpretative repertoire of heteronormativity.
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35.
  • Karlsson, Matilda, 1981- (author)
  • Studying the healing and long-term outcomes of two partial thickness wound models using different wound dressings
  • 2019
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Background: Safe and effective wound dressing treatments are important for proper wound healing. Such procedures therefore need to be evidence-based regarding the most important outcome measures such as healing time, less discomfort for the patient, duration of hospital care and, importantly, less scarring. As the relation between longer healing times and more severe scarring is known, it is important to find dressing treatments that reduces such complications by providing fast and proper wound healing. In this thesis, four established wound dressing treatments (hydrofibre covered with film; porcine xenografts and polyurethane foam, with and without silver), were evaluated for two types of acute, partial thickness wounds: split thickness skin graft (STSG) donor sites and partial thickness burn wounds in two randomised, controlled clinical trials (RCT) with longterm scar follow ups. The relations between factors thought to influence wound healing and scarring as sex, infection, wound extent and depth, healing time and skin grafting were also investigated in these two wound models.Methods: Data from these trials were collected on sex, infection rates, wound depth and extent, need of skin grafting, healing times and scarring frequency together with demographic data. Scars were evaluated at 8 years in Study II and III and at 6 and 12 months after injury in Study V.Results: Two dressing treatments; hydrofibre covered with film and porcine xenografts gave significantly faster healing of the STSG donor sites than the standard of care (SOC) dressing, the polyurethane foam. The hydrofibre was thereafter implemented as the new SOC at the department. The long-term scar follow up showed that the hydrofibre group was most satisfied with their donor site scar, providing further evidence for the implementation of this dressing strategy. From the observer’s perspective no differences were found between these treatment groups. For partial thickness burns the treatment with a silvercontaining foam dressing showed significantly shorter healing time, whereas for the scars, no difference between dressing groups could be detected. A number of factors were identified that affected healing time: for donor sites only male sex was associated with shorter healing time. Sex was also the only factor that influenced donor site scarring, where female patients, both subjectively and objectively, were rated with higher scores (worse outcome). For partial thickness burns a larger extent of the burn wound, presence of deep dermal burns, and the need of skin grafting, all had a negative impact on both healing time and final scar. The final scar was also significantly affected by longer wound healing times and infection.Conclusion: The results suggest that the use of hydrofibre dressings covered with film on donor sites resulted in positive short-term and long-term outcomes. Regarding partial thickness burns, silver foam dressing resulted in faster healing but as for the final scar, no difference could be seen. Several factors were associated with longer healing times and more severe scarring such as: female sex, larger burns, deep dermal burns, skin grafting, and infection. Longer healing times were related to more severe scarring.
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36.
  • Karlsson, Stefan, 1984-, et al. (author)
  • Lätta Innovativa Material för Effektiva Solcellsmoduler (LIMES)
  • 2017
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Utvinning av solenergi genom solceller är en lovande teknik för att öka andelen förnyelsebara energikällor både nu och i framtiden. Glas till solceller är en betydande del av kostnaden och en nödvändighet att utveckla för att öka livslängden och minska priset per utvunnen watt. I LIMES har man studerat dels att tillsätta optiskt aktiva komponenter som absorberar skadligt UV ljus och samtidigt konverterar det till synligt ljus som i sin tur kan konverteras till energi i solcellerna. Därmed är vinsten tvåfaldig, ökar både livslängden och effektiviteten med upp till 4%. Vidare har det studerats hur man kan optimera de mekaniska och kemiska egenskaperna av glas för att kunna öka den mekaniska och kemiska livslängden, detta genom att optimera glassammansättningen. Man har inom projektet visat att motstånd mot sprickbildning av en ny sammansättning ökar med en faktor 3 och att den kemiska resistensen ökar med en faktor 4. Termo-kemisk härdning av glas har demonstrerats i labskala som ger upphov till minst lika stor härdningsgrad samt ökar motstånd mot sprickbildning med en faktor 2. Det möjliggör användning av tunnare glas och därmed betydligt lättare solceller. Glasytans sammansättning modifieras signifikant genom att öka halten aluminiumoxid och det ger upphov till de förbättrade egenskaperna. Den termo-kemiska behandlingen ökar vattens kontaktvinkel mot glasytan vilket bidrar till ett självrengörande glas. Multifunktionella ytor på glas som är både antireflektiva och självrengörande har studerats genom två olika angreppssätt, nanostrukturerad ytmodifiering och porösa antireflektiva beläggningar med fotokatalytisk nedbrytningsförmåga. Nanostrukturerade glasytor ger upphov till en ökad ljusspridning och kan på så vis effektivt guida ner diffust ljus till solceller och samtidigt ändra vattens kontaktvinkel mot glaset. LIMES-koncepten har demonstrerats genom kvantitativa mätningar och tillverkande av små kiselsolcellsmoduler. Projektet har stått för att öka potentialen för kommersialisering ifrån TRL (Technology Readiness Level) nivå 2-4 till 4-6. Man undersöker i det närmaste hur man kan skala upp planglastillverkning för att kunna ta nästa steg mot kommersialisering.
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37.
  • Karlsson, Staffan, 1959-, et al. (author)
  • Quality of care significance for Quality of life in persons with dementia at risk of moving into nursing home : a cross-sectional stud
  • 2016
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Quality of life in persons with dementia is, in large part, dependent on the quality of care they receive. Investigating both subjective and objective aspects of quality of care may reveal areas for improvement regarding their care, which information may ultimately enable persons with dementia to remain living in their own homes while maintaining quality of life. The aim of this study was threefold. Firstly, we wanted to describe self-reported quality of life in persons with dementia at risk of nursing home admission. Secondly, the aim was to describe subjective and objective aspects of quality of care. The third aim was to investigate the significance of quality of care for quality of life in persons with dementia at risk of nursing home admission.Methods: A cross-sectional interview study design was used, based on questionnaires about quality of life in persons with dementia and different aspects of quality of care. The participants were 177 persons with dementia at risk of nursing home admission. Descriptive and comparative statistics were used to analyse the data.Results: Persons with pain showed significantly lower quality of life in the dimensions behavioural competence (p=0.026) and psychological wellbeing (p=0.006) compared with those without pain. Satisfaction with received care seemed to have a positive effect on quality of life. The overall quality of life was perceived high even though one-third of the persons with dementia had daily pain and had had a weight loss of ≥4% during the preceding year. Furthermore, 23% of the persons with dementia had fallen during the last month and 40% of them had sustained an injury when falling.Conclusion: This study indicates need for improvements in home health care and social services for persons with dementia at risk for nursing home admission. Registered nurses are responsible for nursing interventions related to pain, patient safety, skin care, prevention of accidents, and malnutrition. Therefore, it is of great importance for nurses to have knowledge about areas that can be improved to be able to tailor interventions and thereby improve quality of care outcomes such as quality of life in persons with dementia living at home.
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38.
  • Karlsson Videhult, Frida, 1980- (author)
  • Effects of early probiotic supplementation in a pediatric setting : Focus on body composition, metabolism and inflammation
  • 2016
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • We aimed to determine the short- and long-term effects on growth, body composition, metabolic and inflammatory markers following supplementation with the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei F19 (LF19) during weaning. Methods: One-hundred and seventy-nine healthy, infants in Umeå city, Västerbotten County were randomised to daily intake of cereals with (n=89) or without (n=90) LF19 108 colony-forming units from 4 to 13 months of age. Weight, length, head circumference and body composition, assessed by skinfold thickness, were examined at 4, 5.5, 6.5, 9, 12 and 13 months of age. Venous blood was drawn at 5.5 and 13 months. In all, 171 infants completed the intervention and were invited to a follow-up at 8-9 years of age between 2009 and 2011, 120 children participated. Weight, height, sagittal abdominal diameter and body composition (using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry-scan) were measured. Data on weight and height at 4 years were collected from medical records. The families filled out a 4-day food record and a food frequency questionnaire, physical activity was assessed using a pedometer for 7 days. At 5.5, 13 months and 8-9 years of age we analysed the serum blood lipid profile. At 8-9 years fasting glucose, insulin, aspartate and alanine transaminases were analysed in serum. Homeostatic Model Assessment index was calculated. At follow-up serum adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and plasma C-peptide, ghrelin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon, insulin, leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, resistin and visfatin were analysed. For characterisation of the plasma metabolome, a subgroup (n=40) was analysed at 5.5 and 13 months of age by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) analysis and in all (n=112) children at the follow-up using untargeted GC-GC/MS. Results: There were no differences between the LF19 and placebo group regarding body weight, length/height at any assessment from 4 months to 8-9 years of age; nor were there any differences between the groups in body composition. In the LF19 group 19 % were overweight/obese, the corresponding number was 21 % in the placebo group (p=0.78). Analysed metabolic and inflammatory markers, both during the intervention and the follow-up did not differ between the two groups. At 13 months of age lower levels of palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid (both p<0.04) and higher levels of putrescine (p<0.01) were seen in the LF19 compared to the placebo group. These differences did not persist at 8-9 years of age. At that age, we found statistically stronger models when comparing overweight/obese and normal weight children as well as in relation to sex. Conclusion: Early intervention with the probiotic LF19 at the time of weaning exerted transient effects on the metabolome. In a long-term perspective, we found neither benefit nor harm on growth, body composition, metabolic or inflammatory markers following supplementation with LF19 during weaning.
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39.
  • Karlsson Videhult, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Impact of probiotics during weaning on the metabolic and inflammatory profile : follow-up at school age
  • 2015
  • In: International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0963-7486 .- 1465-3478. ; 66:6, s. 686-691
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We hypothesised that feeding the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei F19 (LF19) (dep. nr LMG P-17806) during weaning would program the metabolic and inflammatory profile and studied its association with previously assessed body composition. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 179 infants were randomised to daily feeding of cereals with or without LF19 10 8 CFU from 4 to 13 months of age. At age 8-9 years, 120 children were reassessed. Using high-sensitivity multiplex immunoassay technology and ELISA, we found that overweight/obese children had increased plasma C-peptide, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, leptin and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) after overnight fasting compared with normal weight children, independently of LF19. After excluding the obese, leptin and hsCRP were still increased, revealing an aberrant metabolic and inflammatory state already in overweight, pre-pubertal children. Higher body mass index z-score, sagittal abdominal diameter, truncal and total body fat % were associated with an aberrant metabolic and inflammatory profile, emphasising the need for early prevention strategies although no programming effect of LF19 was observed.
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40.
  • Karlsson Videhult, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Nutrition, gut microbiota and child health outcomes
  • 2016
  • In: Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care. - 1363-1950 .- 1473-6519. ; 19:3, s. 208-213
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose of review Diet is one of the main drivers of the composition and function of the gut microbiota. The scope of this review is to summarize recent studies assessing the role of gut microbiota in clinical pediatric conditions and to review studies using nutritional approaches to favorably modify the gut microbiota to improve health outcomes in children. Recent findings New studies underscore that breastfeeding and infant diet impact the gut microbiome and metagenome. A comprehensive study using metagenomic shotgun sequencing, suggests that the cessation of breastfeeding rather than the introduction of solid foods, drives the functional maturation of the infant gut microbiome toward an adult-like state. There is further support for the view that a disturbed early gut microbiota is implicated in allergic and autoimmune diseases. New studies using prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in various pediatric disorders have yielded promising results, yet the evidence for specific guidelines on their use is still low. Summary Intestinal dysbiosis is associated with several pediatric disorders but a cause-effect relationship remains to be clearly demonstrated in most conditions. Future studies using new systems biology approaches are anticipated to provide further insight into the functional capacities of the gut microbiome and its establishment in childhood. This may then lay the ground for improved treatment and prevention strategies targeting the gut microbiota.
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41.
  • Karlsson Videhult, Frida, et al. (author)
  • Probiotics during weaning : a follow-up study on effects on body composition and metabolic markers at school age
  • 2015
  • In: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 54:3, s. 355-363
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PURPOSE: An aberrant gut microbiome has been suggested to contribute to the worldwide epidemic of obesity. In animal models, the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei F19 (LF19) induced upregulation of genes involved in energy homoeostasis, reduced body fat and altered the serum (S) lipoprotein profile. In our previous report, feeding LF19 to infants during weaning impacted the global plasma metabolome. LF19 lowered palmitoleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid associated with hypertriglyceridemia and increased visceral adiposity. Therefore, we assessed if feeding LF19 from 4 to 13 months of age would have long-term effects on body composition, growth and metabolic markers.METHODS: Of 179 children included in our baseline study, 120 entered the follow-up at 8-9 years of age, n = 58 in the probiotic and n = 62 in the placebo group. Body composition was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Anthropometrics of the child and accompanying parent(s) were assessed. S-lipids, insulin, glucose and transaminases were determined after overnight fasting.RESULTS: LF19 did not affect body mass index z-score, sagittal abdominal diameter, fat-free mass, fat mass index, truncal fat %, android or gynoid fat % and had no long-term impact on any of the assessed metabolic markers (p > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Feeding LF19 during infancy did not modulate body composition, growth or any of the assessed metabolic markers at school age. The steady increase in probiotic products targeting infants and children calls for long-term follow-up of initiated probiotic intervention studies.
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42.
  • Larsson, Christina, et al. (author)
  • Nurse Decision Making and Attitudes About Circuit Disconnection During Ventilator Therapy at a Swedish Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  • 2018
  • In: Advances in Neonatal Care. - 1536-0903 .- 1536-0911. ; 18:6, s. E13-E20
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: There are many challenges to providing care to infants in need of ventilator therapy. Yet, few studies describe the practical handling of the ventilator circuit during nursing care.Purpose: To describe neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses' decision making regarding whether or not to disconnect the ventilator circuit when changing the infant's position and to investigate the grounds for their decisions.Methods: A descriptive questionnaire study with both quantitative and qualitative elements was conducted. In 2015, a convenience sample of nurses working in an NICU completed a questionnaire including both closed-ended and open-ended, free-text questions. Answers to the closed-ended questions were analyzed with descriptive statistics, whereas answers to the free-text questions were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results: Nurses' decisions on whether to disconnect or keep the ventilator circuit closed were based on the infant's needs for ventilator support. The nurses gave several reasons and motivations both for why they disconnected the circuit and for why they did not. The handling of the circuit and the reasons and motivations given were inconsistent among the nurses.Implications for Practice: This study highlights the need for continuous, repetitive education and training for NICU nurses, as well as demonstrating the importance of clear and distinct guidelines and working methods regarding the care of infants on ventilator support.Implications for Research: Future research should continue to find ways of working and handling an infant on ventilator support that are least harmful to the infant.
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43.
  • Lehnert, Christopher, et al. (author)
  • Global risk and global challenges – Space as a game changer for socioeconomic sustainable development
  • 2017
  • In: Acta Astronautica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0094-5765. ; 140, s. 59-65
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • © 2017 IAA The world's societies at the beginning of the 21st century are better off than ever before. (Gapminder, 2015) At the same time, the world is also threatened by global challenges where space as a tool has and can play a pivotal role in meeting those challenges. The challenges range from climate change, over mass unemployment, to terrorism or migration – to name but a few. Space activities have started to respond to this changing world, not only by providing a deeper understanding of our universe, but by using space as an additional sphere and sector, through which humankind can increase and secure its wealth – it is thus game changing in the way we sustain humanity's existence. This paper is meant to capture this development. In the first part, an overview is given on the risks that humankind is facing. The second part describes the way that space can be used as a tool to prevent and manage these risks. The overview in the first part is based on the examination of the most recent reports and overall strategies of key International Governmental Organisations and Non-Governmental Organisations that are involved in agenda-setting, policy formulation and implementation. The second part includes an overview on current activities of the European Space Agency (ESA) that play a role in responding to these risks. To better understand ESA's activities that contain humanity's risks, a standard classification for risks management is used, which distinguishes between four components: Identification, Assessment, Management and Communication (Renn, 2005). The analysis reveals how space activities already today play a pivotal role in all four types of risk management. Space activities contribute very tangible to the management of risks through its space mission, but also in a more indirect way, as providing the technical backbone for stable and reliable cooperation in the international governance arena, and serve as crucial economic stimulator. The overall results show that space activities touch upon every aspect of responding to the humanity's risks. Especially in the identification and the preventive management of humanity's risks, space systems are a crucial enabler. They are also an important part in dealing with risks related to scarcity of resources. It is thus important that current levels of investments into space infrastructure are maintained, as the benefits of space activities is essential to humankind's existence and that upon further programmatic decisions, stakeholders involved with the management of risks are being consulted.
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44.
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45.
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46.
  • Lindgren, Åsa, 1979, et al. (author)
  • Development of a rapid MALDI-TOF MS based epidemiological screening method using MRSA as a model organism
  • 2018
  • In: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0934-9723 .- 1435-4373. ; 37:1, s. 57-68
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In this study we present a method using whole cell MALDI-TOF MS and VITEK MS RUO/SARAMIS as a rapid epidemiological screening tool. MRSA was used as a model organism for setting up the screening strategy. A collection of well-characterised MRSA strains representing the 19 most common Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)-types in the region of South-West Sweden for the past 20 years was analysed with MALDI-TOF MS. A total of 111 MRSA strains were used for creating 19 PFGE-specific Superspectra using VITEK MS RUO/SARAMIS. Prior to performing the final analysis, the 19 Superspectra were combined into ten groups displaying similar peak patterns, hereafter named "MALDI-types". Two-hundred fifty-five MRSA strains were analysed to test the constructed Superspectra/MALDI-type database. Matches to the Superspectra above a threshold of 65% (corresponding to the number of matched peaks in the Superspectrum) were considered as positive assignment of a strain to a MALDI-type. The median peak matching value for correct assignment of a strain to a MALDI-type was 78% (range 65.3-100%). In total, 172 strains (67.4%) were assigned to the correct MALDI-type and only 5.5% of the strains were incorrectly assigned to another MALDI-type than the expected based on the PFGE-type of the strain. We envision this methodology as a cost-efficient step to be used as a first screening strategy in the typing scheme of MRSA isolates, to exclude epidemiological relatedness of isolates or to identify the need for further typing.
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47.
  • Ljung Egeland, Birgitta, 1965- (author)
  • Berättelser om tillhörighet : om barn med migrationsbakgrund på en mindre ort
  • 2015
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • This doctoral thesis centres on children of immigrant background, who live and go to school in a non-urban community. The emphasis is on their narrated experience of a sense of belonging in and out of school. The study is based on interviews with 13 children at two different schools in two small-sized municipalities, and aimed at identifying the factors in their narratives that impact on their sense of belonging as well as the related conditions and means of action. The interviews were conversational and most of the children were interviewed on three occasions. Each result chapter analyses a specific dilemmatic space related to a sense of belonging, such as peer relationships, trips to the “home country”, and managing in school. In particular, the emotions related to the children’s narrative positionings are analysed as well as the narrative resources employed in their narration. The results show that their sense of belonging is produced in the interplay between the conditions of immigration and the socio-cultural conditions in the small-sized community. The children describe extensive relational and emotional work to enter into comradeship. Dimensions of being like and unlike gain importance and involve clothing, height and colour of skin. Several of the children describe how they cope with ‘racifying’ and other excluding processes of ‘othering’ on a daily basis. Trips to the home country emerge as central events in their lives and it is clear that a sense of belonging is connected to place attachment and anchored in embodied sensory emotions. Managing school is important to all the children but is attributed different meanings in the pursuit of the long-term goal of employment. In conclusion, the children’s experiences are discussed in terms of two interwoven and sometimes separate projects emerging in the children's narratives: the Swedishness project and the family project. 
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48.
  • Ljunggren, Stefan A, et al. (author)
  • Lipoprotein profiles in human heterozygote carriers of a functional mutation P297S in scavenger receptor class B1.
  • 2015
  • In: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. - : Elsevier. - 1388-1981 .- 1879-2618. ; 1851:12, s. 1587-1595
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) is an important HDL receptor involved in cholesterol uptake and efflux, but its physiological role in human lipoprotein metabolism is not fully understood. Heterozygous carriers of the SR-B1P297S mutation are characterized by increased HDL cholesterol levels, impaired cholesterol efflux from macrophages and attenuated adrenal function. Here, the composition and function of lipoproteins were studied in SR-B1P297S heterozygotes.Lipoproteins from six SR-B1P297S carriers and six family controls were investigated. HDL and LDL/VLDL were isolated by ultracentrifugation and proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry. HDL antioxidant properties, paraoxonase 1 activities, apoA-I methionine oxidations and HDL cholesterol efflux capacity were assessed.Multivariate modeling separated carriers from controls based on lipoprotein composition. Protein analyses showed a significant enrichment of apoE in LDL/VLDL and of apoL-1 in HDL from heterozygotes compared to controls. The relative distribution of plasma apoE was increased in LDL and in lipid-free form. There were no significant differences in paraoxonase 1 activities, HDL antioxidant properties or HDL cholesterol efflux capacity but heterozygotes showed a significant increase of oxidized methionines in apoA-I.The SR-B1P297S mutation affects both HDL and LDL/VLDL protein compositions. The increase of apoE in carriers suggests a compensatory mechanism for attenuated SR-B1 mediated cholesterol uptake by HDL. Increased methionine oxidation may affect HDL function by reducing apoA-I binding to its targets. The results illustrate the complexity of lipoprotein metabolism that has to be taken into account in future therapeutic strategies aiming at targeting SR-B1.
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49.
  • Lloyd, Katy A., et al. (author)
  • Differential ACPA Binding to Nuclear Antigens Reveals a PAD-Independent Pathway and a Distinct Subset of Acetylation Cross-Reactive Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • 2019
  • In: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 9, s. 1-22
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associated anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies (ACPA) target a wide range of modified proteins. Citrullination occurs during physiological processes such as apoptosis, yet little is known about the interaction of ACPA with nuclear antigens or apoptotic cells. Since uncleared apoptotic cells and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) products have been postulated to be central sources of autoantigen and immunostimulation in autoimmune disease, we sought to characterize the anti-nuclear and anti-neutrophil reactivities of ACFA. Serology showed that a subset of anti-CCP2 seropositive RA patients had high reactivity to full-length citrullinated histones. In contrast, seronegative RA patients displayed elevated IgG reactivity to native histone compared to controls, but no citrulline-specific reactivity. Screening of 10 single B-cell derived monoclonal AGFA from RA patients revealed that four ACPA exhibited strong binding to apoptotic cells and three of these had anti-nuclear (ANA) autoantibody reactivity. Modified histones were confirmed to be the primary targets of this anti-nuclear ACPA subset following immunoprecipitation from apoptotic cell lysates. Monoclonal ACPA were also screened for reactivities against stimulated murine and human neutrophils, and all the nuclear-reactive monoclonal ACPA bound to NETs. Intriguingly, one ACPA mAb displayed a contrasting cytoplasmic perinuclear neutrophil binding and may represent a different NET-reactive ACPA subset. Notably, studies of CRISPR-Cas9 PAD4 KO cells and cells from PAD KO mice showed that the cytoplasmic NET-binding was fully dependent on PAD4, whilst nuclear- and histone-mediated NEI reactivity was largely PAD-independent. Our further analysis revealed that the nuclear binding could be explained by consensus-motif driven ACPA cross-reactivity to acetylated histones. Specific acetylated histone peptides targeted by the monoclonal antibodies were identified and the anti-modified protein autoantibody (AMPA) profile of the ACPA was found to correlate with the functional activity of the antibodies. In conclusion, when investigating monoclonal ACPA, we could group ACPA into distinct subsets based on their nuclear binding-patterns and acetylation-mediated binding to apoptotic cells, neutrophils, and NETs. Differential anti-modified protein reactivities of RA-autoantibody subsets could have an important functional impact and provide insights in RA pathogenesis.
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50.
  • Lohmander, Anette, et al. (author)
  • Kommunikations- och sväljstörningar genom hela livet : ett logopediskt ståndpunktsdokument
  • 2017
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Den forskning som bedrivs inom logopedi i Sverige idag spänner över ett brett spektrum av medfödda, utvecklingsrelaterade och förvärvade kommunikationsstörningar på grund av röst-, tal- och språksvårigheter samt sväljstörningar. Precis som i andra länder pågår en snabb utveckling både mot en breddning av det urval av områden som det forskas kring och ett ökat fokus på nationellt samarbete. Även om de framsteg som görs inom respektive fält kan mätas genom de forskningsrapporter som publiceras av respektive forskargrupper, finns det ett behov av att granska vilka forskningsinsatser som bedrivs jämte det demografiska sammanhanget. I detta ståndpunktsdokument ger vi en översikt över logopediämnet och den forskning som bedrivs i Sverige. I en kubmodell illustreras hur kommunikations- och sväljstörningar kan beskrivas. Stratifierade (per åldersintervall) uppskattningar av prevalensen av kommunikations- och sväljstörningar ges baserat på 2016 års befolkningsstruktur. Genom att presentera dessa två komponenter identifieras forskningsområden och riktningar inom logopedi som behöver ges ökad uppmärksamhet i det kommande forskningsarbetet.
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