| 1. |
- Karlsson, Kristin C., et al.
(author)
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A population pharmacokinetic model of gabapentin developed in nonparametric adaptive grid and nonlinear mixed effects modeling
- 2009
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In: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. - 0163-4356 .- 1536-3694. ; 31:1, s. 86-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gabapentin is used in analgesic treatment of neuropathic pain, and large interindividual variation has been observed in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the drug. The aim of this study was to develop a population PK model for gabapentin appropriate for monitoring patients with neuropathic pain and for individualizing their dose regimens. Steady-state serum concentrations of gabapentin, distributed over a dosage interval, were obtained from 16 adult patients. Data were analyzed with an iterative 2-stage Bayesian and a nonparametric adaptive grid algorithm (NPAG) (USC*PACK) and with nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NONMEM). Compartmental population models for gabapentin PK were developed in NPAG and NONMEM using creatinine clearance and body weight as covariates. Bioavailability was included in the models as a function of dose by using a hyperbolic function derived from data previously reported in the literature. The mean population parameter estimates from the final NPAG model predicted individual serum concentrations reasonably well. The models developed in NONMEM provided additional information about the relevance of the various possible covariates and also allowed for further evaluation by simulation from the model. The population PK model may be utilized in the MM-USCPACK monitoring software (MM: multiple model dosage design) for predicting and achieving individually optimized steady-state serum concentrations of gabapentin.
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| 2. |
- Andrén, Ove, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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MUC-1 gene is associated with prostate cancer death : a 20-year follow-up of a population-based study in Sweden
- 2007
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In: British Journal of Cancer. - London : Harcourt Publishers. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 97:6, s. 730-734
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Anti-adhesion mucins have proven to play an important part in the biology of several types of cancer. Therefore, we test the hypothesis that altered expression of MUC-1 is associated with prostate cancer progression. We retrieved archival tumour tissue from a population-based cohort of 195 men with localised prostate cancer (T1a-b, Nx, M0) that has been followed for up to 20 years with watchful waiting. Semi-automated, quantitative immunohistochemistry was undertaken to evaluate MUC-1 expression. We modelled prostate cancer-specific death as a function of MUC-1 levels accounting for age, Gleason grade and tumour extent, and calculated age-adjusted and multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HR). Men that had tumours with an MUC-intensity lower or higher than normal tissue had a higher risk of dying in prostate cancer, independent of tumour extent and Gleason score (HR 5.1 and 4.5, respectively). Adjustment for Gleason grade and tumour stage did not alter the results. Men with a Gleason score >=7 and MUC-1 deviating from the normal had a 17 (RR=17.1 95% confidence interval=2.3–128) times higher risk to die in prostate cancer compared with men with Gleason score <7 and normal MUC-1 intensity. In summary, our data show that MUC-1 is an independent prognostic marker for prostate cancer death.
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| 3. |
- Carlhed, Carina, et al.
(author)
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Vart leder kvalitetstrappan? : Utvärdering av Pysslingens Kvalitetssystem
- 2009
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I denna rapport presenteras slutredovisningen av en utvärdering av en modell för självutvärdering, Pysslingens Kvalitetssystem. Modellen har utvecklats och används av Pysslingen Förskolor och skolor AB, ett företag som startades i slutet av 1983 och blev det första att bedriva privat barnomsorg i Sverige på 1980-talet. Idag driver företaget 76 förskolor/skolor, fördelat på 57 förskolor och 19 skolor. Utvärderingen har skett genom intervjuer med ledningen, fördjupade fallstudier av enheter, enkät riktad till samtliga enhetschefer, pedagogiska rådgivare samt pedagoger. Utvärderargruppen kommer fram till att det finns klara styrkor med modellen som t.ex. att den bidrar till en stark kultursocialisation i Pysslingkulturen och att det är ett processverktyg för ständiga förbättringar. Det finns också svagheter som diskuteras i rapporten. Ett exempel är att syftet med Kvalitetstrappan är oklart och för vem den är till för. Det omtalade ”friutrymmet” har blivit ett oklart område, där ”eventuella” jämförelser och mätningar inte har en klar måttstock. Det är viktigt i fortsättningen att på ett ännu mer genomtänkt vis arbeta igenom organisationen efter genomsyrandeprincipen som kulturmetafor – till en än mer koherent logik än idag.
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| 4. |
- Günther, Stefan, 1964-
(author)
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Klassicismens interiörer : Inredningskonst och arkitekturprofiler från Vitruvius till Tessin
- 2006
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse the design and development of the classical interior detail and its theoretical background from its Italian origins through its development into a shared European style around 1700. It mainly presents a close study of some forty chosen interiors in Italy, France and Sweden dating from antiquity to the close of the seventeenth century. A point of departure is the descriptions of the ancient architectural theoretician Vitruvius. The role of Vitruvian theory in the history of interior detail has until now received relatively little attention. By comparing the interiors and their components with local tradition as well as contemporaneous architectural theory and Vitruvius’s rules the actual impact of Vitruvius on Classical interior detailing is investigated. The thesis is divided into ten chapters. Chapter one develops a model, which can be used to describe the relationship between interior detail and the Classical room as a whole. Chapter two deals with the ancient origins of architectural profiles. Chapter three systematises the ancient proportional system that came to be used for Classical interiors. Chapter four outlines the ancient vis-à-vis the Medieval frame profile. Chapters five to nine describe the development of interior detail from 1400 to 1700 as seen in a selection of the most renowned interiors and buildings in European interior architecture. Each chapter concludes with a summary of the principles and ideals behind the proportion and design of the rooms and their parts for the period in question. Chapter ten examines the treatment of mouldings in European architectural theory from 1450 to 1990. Interior detail is described using two variables, one of which is its factual form and the other is the way it has been proportioned in relation to the structure of the room. The design of architectural detail and its ancient heredity plays an important role to form continuity in the tradition of Classical architecture. This thesis shows that small variations in the shape of architecture profiles causes new possibilities for interplay between the whole of the building and the form of the room, walls and details. This possibility has to a great extent been used to adapt Classical detail to the artistic language of different times and spirits.
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| 5. |
- Jansson, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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Evaluating the implementation of a county council policy in two municipalities - methodological strategies and tools.
- 2009
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: In year 2004 the Stockholm County Council (CC) approved a policy to reduce overweight and obesity. The implementation at local level started in two pilot municipalities during a two years period and resulted in several subprojects. Program theory (PT) is a methodology used to understand and identify key components in complex programs. Objectives: To highlight strategies and tools applied in planning and conducting an implementation evaluation of a CC policy in two municipalities. Methods: A descriptive process analysis of identified obstacles and solutions in all phases of the evaluation. Work notes, minutes from the steering group and the evaluating group meetings where analyzed to recapture the evaluation process. Result: PT was used to get an understanding of the components of the policy, the projects and their interrelations. Three separate PT where developed, one for the CC policy and one for the project in each municipality. To get a general idea of the projects and to organise the vast amount of documentation a form was developed for the project managers to fill in. To identify stakeholders and actors, organisational charts (OC) were developed for the project’s organisations including CC representatives. The evaluation’s data collection was based on principles for triangulation (documents, survey and interviews). The PT and OC where used in the purposeful sample of respondents. The PT and OC also worked as a component when reporting the results. Conclusion: PT is a useful tool to clarify the intentions and relations between levels of implementation when evaluating complex, multilevel programs. Using multiple means for data collection is a helpful strategy to generate both general and in depth understanding of a policy’s implementation. PT and OC are useful tools to make sure everyone has the same understanding of the policy’s components and organisation when communicating with stakeholders and respondents in all phases of the evaluation process.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Karl-Axel, et al.
(author)
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The quality assurance process for the ARTSCAN head and neck study - a practical interactive approach for QA in 3DCRT and IMRT.
- 2008
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In: Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 87:2, s. 290-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: This paper describes the quality assurance (QA) work performed in the Swedish multicenter ARTSCAN (Accelerated RadioTherapy of Squamous cell CArcinomas in the head and Neck) trial to guarantee high quality in a multicenter study which involved modern radiotherapy such as 3DCRT or IMRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was closed in June 2006 with 750 randomised patients. Radiation therapy-related data for every patient were sent by each participating centre to the QA office where all trial data were reviewed, analysed and stored. In case of any deviation from the protocol, an interactive process was started between the QA office and the local responsible clinician and/or physicist to increase the compliance to the protocol for future randomised patients. Meetings and workshops were held on a regular basis for discussions on various trial-related issues and for the QA office to report on updated results. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This review covers the 734 patients out of a total of 750 who had entered the study. Deviations early in the study were corrected so that the overall compliance to the protocol was very high. There were only negligible variations in doses and dose distributions to target volumes for each specific site and stage. The quality of the treatments was high. Furthermore, an extensive database of treatment parameters was accumulated for future dose-volume vs. endpoint evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive QA programme increased the probability to draw firm conclusions from our study and may serve as a concept for QA work in future radiotherapy trials where comparatively small effects are searched for in a heterogeneous tumour population.
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| 7. |
- Jonsson, Per R., 1957, et al.
(author)
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Particle depletion above experimental bivalve beds: In situ measurements and numerical modeling of bivalve filtration in the boundary layer
- 2005
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In: Limnology and Oceanography. - 0024-3590. ; 50:6, s. 1989-1998
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Suspension feeders may deplete the near-bed layer of food particles, limiting growth of downstream, individuals. In a field experiment, we examined food depletion above a bed with bivalves (Cerastoderma edule) compared to beds devoid of Suspension feeders and how depletion depended on boundary-layer flow. Water above the test plots was sampled with an array of artificial siphons mimicking bivalve inhalant flow. Along the 3-m, bed with bivalves, chlorophyll a (Chl a) in the near-bed layer was depleted by 5-30%. Contrary to expectations from turbulent mixing, Chl a depletion increased with friction velocity. To explore the possibility that the bending of the exhalant jet in a strong boundary-layer flow Could lead to this depletion, we studied (lie advection and turbulent diffusion of exhalant water by the injection Of fluorescent dye through artificial siphons. The plume of fluorescent dye indicated that the interaction between the exhalant jet and horizontal water flow strongly affected the near-bed mixing of depleted water. At high ratios between jet and friction velocities (VR), the vertical momentum of the exhalant jet reduced the proportion of exhalant water reaching downstream neighbors. A hydrodynamic model incorporating inhalant and exhalant flows in the boundary layer predicted that exhalant jet flow lines reach the bed immediately downstream when the VR ratio is <20, potentially increasing refiltration at higher flow speeds due to jet bending. However, the model could not reproduce the observed increase in refiltration with increasing, friction velocity in simulations of aggregated filtration in a bed of bivalves.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Karlsson Vestman, Ove, et al.
(author)
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Ett välstämt piano - till rätt melodi? : Metautvärdering av Skolverkets nationella utvärdering av grundskolan 2003
- 2007
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Under 2002-03 genomförde Skolverket den hittills största utvärderingen av svensk skola, den s.k. Nationella utvärderingen 2003 (NU-03). Utvärderingen involverade ett stort antal forskare samt ca 200 skolor, 1 900 lärare och 10 000 elever. Närmare tjugotalet rapporter har publicerats med resultatredovisningar för olika ämnen och sammanfattningar av utvärderingen. Hösten 2005 ville Skolverket att NU-03 skulle granskas för att försöka dra lärdomar av arbetet inför eventuella kommande nationella utvärderingar. Uppdraget att utvärdera NU-03 har genomförts av en forskargrupp inom forskningsmiljön MEA – Mälardalens utvärderingsakademi vid Mälardalens högskola. Uppdraget var att belysa styrkor och svagheter med den nationella utvärderingen. Metautvärdering av NU-03 påbörjades i oktober 2005 och avslutades i november 2006. I denna rapport riktas uppmärksamheten mot olika huvudmoment i arbetet med NU-03 för att ge ett omdöme om utvärderingsmodellens styrkor och svagheter. I metautvärderingen sätts också NU-03 i relation till den nationella utvärderingen 1992 (NU-92) för ett jämförande reso-nemang om de båda utvärderingarnas upplägg eller design. Sammanfattningsvis är vår bedömning att styrkan med NU-03 är väl avstämda instrument. Svagheten är att dessa har utformats för en gammal läroplan och situation i skolan. Man kan säga att NU-03 är ett ”välstämt piano” men frågan är om det används till att spela en gammal melodi som inte längre passar dagens repertoar, det vill säga den multikulturella skolan på 2000-talet.
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| 12. |
- Karlsson Vestman, Ove, 1944-
(author)
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Forskning om utvärdering i Sverige
- 2008
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In: Pedagogikken i reformene – reformene i pedagogikken. - Oslo : Abstrakt Förlag. - 9788279352594 ; , s. 180-212
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Karlsson Vestman, Ove, 1944-, et al.
(author)
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The Relationship between Evaluation and Politics
- 2006
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In: Handbook of Evaluation: Policies, Programs, and Practices. - Thousand Oaks, Calif : Sage. - 0761973052
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 15. |
- Lindeberg, Carola, 1975-
(author)
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Long-term changes of mercury, lead and persistent organic pollutants in arctic environments
- 2007
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Arctic represents a huge area with poor infrastructure contributing to limited possibilities to establish monitoring and research programs. From the investigations that have been performed we know that the arctic environment is affected by anthropogenic emissions from lower latitudes, but knowledge about underlying transport processes, the arctic pollution extent and the rates of changes are limited. This is of particular concern since we are facing climate changes that will not only influence the pole-ward transport of pollutants, but also change conditions for the already accumulated pollutants in the arctic environment. In this thesis lake sediments and soil samples are used to study sub-arctic and arctic time trends and loads of PCBs, PBDE, pesticides, mercury and lead. The study sites are the area around Kangerlussuaq, located in western Greenland, and the Swedish mountains. The temporal trends for PCBs (69 congeners), PBDE (#47) and two pesticides (chlordane and hexachlorobenzene) are studied in seven surface lake sediment cores from Greenland. The concentrations of these persistent organic pollutants are one to two orders of magnitude lower compared to lake sediments from lower latitudes, but with temporal trends following emission and usage trends at lower altitudes, i.e., decreasing trends for PCBs, increasing for PBDE and no specific trends for the pesticides. A delayed deposition of the low-chlorinated PCBs compared to the high-chlorinated PCBs may support the hypothesis of ‘cold condensation’ and ‘global fractionation’ i.e., volatile compounds are fractionated during the pole-ward transport. For lead the concentration in three Greenland lake sediments is about 10 times lower than in sediments from industrial regions, but the past 200 years’ temporal trends follow emission trends in industrial regions. The mercury concentration and enrichment following the Industrial Revolution in the mid 19th century are in three lake sediments from Greenland and in twelve lake sediments from the Swedish mountains comparable with those in sediments from industrial regions; a result of the long atmospheric residence-time for mercury, making it a global pollution. Recently decreased mercury emissions in North America and Europe give declining concentrations in the sediment surfaces, especially in lakes located in the Swedish mountains. In Greenland deeper sediment cores, spanning the last 8000 years, there are substantial fluctuations in mercury concentration and stable lead isotopes (206Pb/207Pb). These fluctuations are the result of variations in deposition to the lake of aeolian material, driven by past variations in arctic climate. In surface soil the mercury concentrations and inventories from the Swedish mountains are 1.5-2 times higher than in soils from Greenland, but for both regions the concentrations are below the critical concentration set up by UN-ECE to protect the terrestrial ecosystem. No indications for mercury enrichment in colder areas, as suggested by the hypothesis of ‘cold condensation’, or in coastal areas, as suggested by the hypothesis of ‘mercury depletion events’, were observed. The highly minerogenic surface soils in sub-arctic and arctic regions have reduced capacity to store mercury, compared to boreal soils.
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| 16. |
- Lindeberg, Carola, et al.
(author)
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Natural fluctuations of mercury and lead in Greenland lake sediments
- 2006
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In: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society. - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 40:1, s. 90-95
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Given the current scenario of increasing global temperatures, it is valuable to assess the potential influence of changing climate on pollution distribution and deposition. In this study we use long-term sediment records from three lakes (spanning ca. 1000, 4800, and 8000 years, respectively) from the Greenland west coast to assess recent and long-term variations in mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb), including stable Pb isotopes (206Pb and 207Pb), in terms of pollution and climate influences. The temporal trends in sediment deposited from about the mid-19th century and forward are in general agreement with the history of industrial emissions at lower latitudes. Therefore, in recent sediment a possible influence from changing climate is difficult to assess. However, by using deeper sediment layers we show that changes in Greenland climate caused changes in the lake influx of material from regional aeolian activity, which resulted in large fluctuations in Hg and Pb concentrations and206Pb/207Pb ratios. The aeolian material is primarily derived from glacio-fluvial material with low Hg and Pb concentrations and a different isotopic composition. For one of the lakes, the fluctuations in Hg concentrations (10 to 70 ng g-1) prior to the 19th century are equal to the anthropogenic increase in the uppermost layers, suggesting that when studying recent concentrations and time trends of pollution in relatively low-contaminated areas such as the Arctic, the early natural fluctuations must be considered.
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| 17. |
- Lindholm, P, et al.
(author)
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Time components of circulatory transport from the lungs to a peripheral artery in humans
- 2006
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In: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 97:1, s. 96-102
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Blood gas changes occurring in the lung undergo delay and damping on their way to a peripheral artery sampling site. Knowledge of the time components of circulatory transfer is important for the understanding of respiratory control and cardiovascular reflexes in response to blood gas transients. Providing steady state with regard to V̇A/ Q̇ distribution, cardiac output and peripheral blood flow, the relationship between the time courses of small end-tidal and peripheral PO2 changes is determined by the transfer function of the interposed vascular segment. This transfer function, expressed as delay time TD and mean transit time (MTT), was measured in six well-trained subjects, allowing the calculation of arterial time-courses from end-tidal to the reverse. They were studied at rest and during four different dynamic leg exercise intensities in the supine posture. TD and MTT amounted to 15.8 ± 1.7 (mean ± SEM) and 18.3 ± 2.1 s at rest and were shortened to 7.7 ± 0.6 and 11.5 ± 1.8 s during exercise at 170 W. The shortening of TD and MTT did not appear to be simply an inverse function of cardiac output, suggesting that the shortening occurs in the central circulatory segment but not in the arm segment. © Springer-Verlag 2006.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Petersen, Jens Kjerulf, et al.
(author)
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Reference conditions and EQOs for aquatic vegetation and macrozoobenthos.
- 2005
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In: Final report from The project RETRO - ”Reference conditions and typologies for aquatic vegetation and macrozoobenthos in the Skagerrak and Kattegat” - is an 2002-4 RTD-project funded by Nordic Council of Ministers involving partners from Denmark, Norway and Sweden..
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 20. |
- Roos, Mårten, et al.
(author)
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Graves' sjukdom vid graviditet ger risk för barnet : TSH-receptorantikroppar hos kvinnan kan ge fetal och neonatal tyreotoxikos
- 2008
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In: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 105:3, s. 120-124
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Graves' sjukdom hos en gravid kvinna medför risk för fetal och neonatal tyreotoxikos hos barnet, vilket orsakas av stimulerande TSH-receptorantikroppar (TRAK) som passerar placenta under slutet av graviditeten. I enstaka fall kan TRAK även finnas hos en kvinna som tidigare opererats eller radiojodbehandlats för Graves' sjukdom. Antikroppstitern hos modern är ett bra mått på risken att barnet utvecklar fetal och neonatal tyreotoxikos. På senare år har nya metoder för att mäta TRAK introducerats. Vi har jämfört dessa med en tidigare metod och anger vilka TRAK-nivåer under graviditet som innebär stor risk för påverkan på barnet. Beskrivning av två fall illustrerar hur förloppet av Graves´ sjukdom under graviditet kan yttra sig.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Sandström Kjellin, Margareta, et al.
(author)
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Values in Student Teachers’ Educational Practice
- 2009
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In: Research in Higher Education Journal. - : Academic and Business Research Institute. - 1941-3432. ; 4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A qualitative, quasi-experimental study is described that had the aim to illuminate, by focussing the classroom dialogue, the relation between student teachers’ explicit and implicit values. Two groups of students participated in inquiries about the character of the classroom dialogue. The experimental group also participated in an intervention. The intervention implied that the students were taught to pay a lot of attention to those parts of the Swedish National Curriculum in which teachers’ explicit and implicit democratic values are focused. The result was that during the intervention, the students changed their values, but not only in a direction desired by the project. A conclusion is that, besides the intervention, also the practical work at schools affected the students’ understanding of the character of a desired classroom dialogue.
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| 23. |
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| 26. |
- Tuskan, G A, et al.
(author)
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The genome of black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray).
- 2006
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 313:5793, s. 1596-604
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the draft genome of the black cottonwood tree, Populus trichocarpa. Integration of shotgun sequence assembly with genetic mapping enabled chromosome-scale reconstruction of the genome. More than 45,000 putative protein-coding genes were identified. Analysis of the assembled genome revealed a whole-genome duplication event; about 8000 pairs of duplicated genes from that event survived in the Populus genome. A second, older duplication event is indistinguishably coincident with the divergence of the Populus and Arabidopsis lineages. Nucleotide substitution, tandem gene duplication, and gross chromosomal rearrangement appear to proceed substantially more slowly in Populus than in Arabidopsis. Populus has more protein-coding genes than Arabidopsis, ranging on average from 1.4 to 1.6 putative Populus homologs for each Arabidopsis gene. However, the relative frequency of protein domains in the two genomes is similar. Overrepresented exceptions in Populus include genes associated with lignocellulosic wall biosynthesis, meristem development, disease resistance, and metabolite transport.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Åström, Maria, 1965-
(author)
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Defining Integrated Science Education and Putting It to Test
- 2008
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The thesis is made up by four studies, on the comprehensive theme of integrated and subjectspecific science education in Swedish compulsory school. A literature study on the matter is followed by an expert survey, then a case study and ending with two analyses of students’ science results from PISA 2003 and PISA 2006. The first two studies explore similarities and differences between integrated and subject-specific science education, i. e. Science education and science taught as Biology, Chemistry and Physics respectively. The two following analyses of PISA 2003 and PISA 2006 data put forward the question whether there are differences in results of students’ science literacy scores due to different types of science education.The expert survey compares theories of integration to the Swedish science education context. Also some difference in intention, in the school case study, some slight differences in the way teachers plan the science education are shown, mainly with respect to how teachers involve students in their planning.The statistical analysis of integrated and subject-specific science education comparing students’ science results from PISA 2003 shows no difference between students or between schools. The analysis of PISA 2006, however, shows small differences between girls’ results with integrated and subject-specific science education both in total scores and in the three scientific literacy competencies. No differences in boys’ results are shown on different science educations.
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