| 1. |
- Peterson, Christer G. B., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of biomarkers for ulcerative colitis comparing two sampling methods : fecal markers reflect colorectal inflammation both macroscopically and on a cellular level
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 76:5, s. 393-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Simple, objective and inexpensive tools for the assessment of mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC) are highly desirable. The aim of this study was to evaluate a broad spectrum of activity markers comparing two sampling methods: fecal samples and the mucosal patch technique.Methods: Twenty patients with active UC and 14 healthy controls were characterized by means of clinical indices and endoscopy together with histology and immunohistochemistry on colorectal sections. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO), calprotectin, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX/EDN) and IL-1 were analyzed in fecal samples and rectal fluid collected by the patch technique. Nitric oxide (NO) was analyzed in rectal gas samples. Expression of activity markers on colorectal neutrophils and eosinophils were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results: All fecal and patch markers were increased in UC patients compared with healthy controls. Fecal markers and the level of neutrophil activation correlated to disease activity, whereas patch markers did not. The best markers in terms of discriminative power were fecal MPO and IL-1. Fecal marker levels were related to sigmoidal histology scores and to neutrophil number and activation. Patch markers were related to rectal inflammation only.Conclusions: The levels of inflammation markers in feces and patch fluid distinctly reflected active inflammation in UC. The degree of disease activity was however best assessed by fecal markers, particularly MPO and IL-1. Fecal markers reflect colorectal inflammation both macroscopically and on a cellular level, and may be useful for the evaluation of subclinical inflammation. The applicability of patch markers is restricted to rectal inflammation.
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| 2. |
- Almqvist, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes from batch fermentation of mixed sugars
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1367-5435 .- 1476-5535. ; 43:8, s. 1117-1130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Succinic acid production from the monosaccharides xylose, arabinose, glucose, mannose and galactose was studied using the bacterium Actinobacillus succinogenes. In Duran bottle cultures, containing 10 g/L of each of sugar, succinic acid was produced from all sugars except for galactose. The highest succinate yield, 0.56 g/g, was obtained with glucose, whereas the succinate yield was 0.42, 0.38 and 0.44 g/g for xylose, mannose and arabinose, respectively. The specific succinate productivity was 0.7 g/g h for glucose, but below 0.2 g/g h for the other sugars. Batch bioreactor fermentations were carried out using a sugar mixture of the five sugars giving a total concentration of 50 g/L, mimicking the distribution of sugars in spent sulfite liquor (SSL) from Eucalyptus which is rich in xylose. In this mixture, an almost complete conversion of all sugars (except galactose) was achieved resulting in a final succinate concentration of 21.8–26.8 g/L and a total yield of 0.59–0.68 g/g. There was evidence of co-consumption of glucose and xylose, whereas mannose was consumed after glucose. The main by-products were acetate 0.14–0.20 g/g and formate 0.08–0.13 g/g. NADH balance calculations suggested that NADH required for succinate production was not met solely from formate and acetate production, but other means of NADH production was necessary. Results from mixed sugar fermentations were verified using SSL as substrate resulting in a succinate yield of 0.60 g/g. In addition, it was found that CO2 sparging could replace carbonate supply in the form of MgCO3 without affecting the succinate yield.
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| 3. |
- Becirovic-Agic, Mediha, et al.
(författare)
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Time course of decompensation after angiotensin II and high-salt diet in Balb/CJ mice suggests pulmonary hypertension-induced cardiorenal syndrome
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology. - : the American Physiological Society. - 0363-6119 .- 1522-1490. ; 316:5, s. R563-R570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic background of a mouse strain determines its susceptibility to disease. C57BL/6J and Balb/CJ are two widely used inbred mouse strains that we found react dramatically differently to angiotensin II and high-salt diet (ANG II + Salt). Balb/CJ show increased mortality associated with anuria and edema formation while C57BL/6J develop arterial hypertension but do not decompensate and die. Clinical symptoms of heart failure in Balb/CJ mice gave the hypothesis that ANG II + Salt impairs cardiac function and induces cardiac remodeling in male Balb/CJ but not in male C57BL/6J mice. To test this hypothesis, we measured cardiac function using echocardiography before treatment and every day for 7 days during treatment with ANG II + Salt. Interestingly, pulsed wave Doppler of pulmonary artery flow indicated increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricle systolic pressure in Balb/CJ mice, already 24 h after ANG II + Salt treatment was started. In addition, Balb/CJ mice showed abnormal diastolic filling indicated by reduced early and late filling and increased isovolumic relaxation time. Furthermore, Balb/CJ exhibited lower cardiac output compared with C57BL/6J even though they retained more sodium and water, as assessed using metabolic cages. Left posterior wall thickness increased during ANG II + Salt treatment but did not differ between the strains. In conclusion, ANG II + Salt treatment causes early restriction of pulmonary flow and reduced left ventricular filling and cardiac output in Balb/CJ, which results in fluid retention and peripheral edema. This makes Balb/CJ a potential model to study the adaptive capacity of the heart for identifying new disease mechanisms and drug targets.
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| 4. |
- Jönsson, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Angiotensin II and salt-induced decompensation in Balb/CJ mice is aggravated by fluid retention related to low oxidative stress
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1931-857X .- 1522-1466. ; 316:5, s. F914-F933
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Balb/CJ mice are more sensitive to treatment with angiotensin II (ANG II) and high-salt diet compared with C57BL/6J mice. Together with higher mortality, they develop edema, signs of heart failure, and acute kidney injury. The aim of the present study was to identify differences in renal gene regulation that may affect kidney function and fluid balance, which could contribute to decompensation in Balb/CJ mice after ANG II + salt treatment. Male Balb/CJ and C57BL/6J mice were divided into the following five different treatment groups: control, ANG II, salt, ANG II + salt. and ANG II + salt + N-acetylcysteine. Gene expression microarrays were used to explore differential gene expression after treatment and between the strains. Published data from the Mouse Genome Database were used to identify the associated genomic differences. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured using inulin clearance, and fluid balance was measured using metabolic cages. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of gene expression microarrays identified glutathione transferase (antioxidant system) as highly enriched among differentially expressed genes. Balb/CJ mice had similar GFR compared with C57BL/6J mice but excreted less Na+ and water, although net fluid and electrolyte balance did not differ, suggesting that Balb/CJ mice may be inherently more prone to decompensation. Interestingly, C57BL/6J mice had higher urinary oxidative stress despite their relative protection from decompensation. In addition, treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine decreased oxidative stress in C57BL/6J mice, reduced urine excretion, and increased mortality. Balb/CJ mice are more sensitive than C57BL/6J to ANG II + salt, in part mediated by lower oxidative stress, which favors fluid and Na+ retention.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Li, Huiqi, et al.
(författare)
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Alterations of telomere length and DNA methylation in hairdressers: A cross-sectional study.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. - : Wiley. - 1098-2280 .- 0893-6692. ; 57:2, s. 159-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Working as hairdressers has been associated with increased risk for cancer, particularly bladder cancer. To evaluate if current hairdressers have elevated risks of adverse health effects, we measured several biomarkers related to cancer-related DNA alterations. We enrolled 295 hairdressers and 92 non-hairdressers (all female non-smokers) from Stockholm and southern Sweden. Questionnaire data were collected for each participant, including work tasks for the hairdressers. We measured telomere length in peripheral blood leucocytes using quantitative PCR and DNA methylation status of genes relevant for bladder cancer using methylation sensitive high resolution melting analysis. The hairdressers had shorter telomeres (β = -0.069, P = 0.019) compared with non-hairdressers. Shorter telomeres were found in hairdressers up to 32 years old performing hair waving more than once per week as compared with hairdressers in the same age group performing hair waving less often (β = -0.12, P = 0.037). Hair waving was associated with less frequent CDKN2A methylation (odds ratio, OR = 0.19, P = 0.033). Shorter telomeres in hairdressers may indicate a genotoxic effect. Performing hair waving was associated with short telomere length, although the effect was only observed in young hairdressers. No clear patterns were discerned with regard to DNA methylation of bladder cancer-related genes. The observed changes of methylation were not all in the expected direction and warrant further investigation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 7. |
- Liljedahl, Emelie Rietz, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variants of filaggrin are associated with occupational dermal exposure and blood DNA alterations in hairdressers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 653, s. 45-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hairdressers are exposed to high levels of chemicals, including possible carcinogens. For dermal exposure, the skin protects against the uptake of chemicals and the protein filaggrin (encoded by FLG) has a key role in skin barrier function. This study investigated if variants of FLG previously linked to impaired skin barrier function, i.e. null mutations and copy number variation (CNV) alleles (CNV10), are associated with cancer-related DNA changes. Blood and questionnaire data were collected from hairdressers (n = 295) and controls (n = 92). Exposure to aromatic amines was measured as hemoglobin adducts by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. DNA from peripheral blood was used to test for FLG null mutations and CNV (10, 11, or 12 repeats), telomere length, and methylation of selected cancer-related genes. Hairdressers had a lower frequency of FLG null mutations (4.1 vs. 7.6%, P = 0.18) and CNV10 (43.2 vs. 56%, P = 0.0032) than controls. In hairdressers, CNV10 carriers had a decreased risk of high ortho-toluidine adducts in blood compared with non-carriers (odds ratio, OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.30–0.81). Further, telomere length was shorter for carriers of any FLG null allele (β = −0.18, 95% CI = −0.31 to −0.044) and CNV10 carriers (β = −0.054, 95% CI = −0.11 to −0.00051, linear regression adjusted for age, passive smoking, residence, and education) compared to non-carriers. Carriers of any FLG null allele showed higher methylation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A gene CDKN2A (OR = 6.26, CI = 1.13–34.7), but not of the other genes analyzed. These associations were not found among the controls. Our study showed that the frequency of FLG CNV10 was lower among hairdressers than controls, which may indicate a healthy worker selection. Moreover, FLG null and CNV10 were associated with cancer-related DNA changes in hairdressers, which may influence their risk of cancer.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Sten, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Erik den heliges skelett : [Saint Erik's skeleton]
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fornvännen. - 0015-7813 .- 1404-9430. ; 111:1, s. 27-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Saint Erik was King of Sweden for a few years up to 1160, when he was killed. A skeleton attributed to him is kept in Uppsala Cathedral. It underwent scientific reappraisal in 2014. The analyses included computer tomography, Xray absorptiometry, isotope analysis and DNA sampling. Radiocarbon confirms the alleged age of the bones. They belong to a 35–40yearold man inexcellent physical shape. The many wounds that he received in connectionwith his death fit surprisingly well with the saint's legend, whose preservedversion was written 130 years after the event.
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| 10. |
- Sten, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Erik den heliges skelett
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fornvännen. - 0015-7813 .- 1404-9430. ; 111:1, s. 27-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Saint Erik was King of Sweden for a few years up to 1160, when he was killed. A skeleton attributed to him is kept in Uppsala Cathedral. It underwent scientific reappraisal in 2014. The analyses included computer tomography, Xray absorptiometry, isotope analysis and DNA sampling. Radiocarbon confirms the alleged age of the bones. They belong to a 35-40-year-old man in excellent physical shape. The many wounds that he received in connection with his death fit surprisingly well with the saint's legend, whose preserved version was written 130 years after the event.
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| 11. |
- Todea, Ana Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Inter-comparison of personal monitors for nanoparticles exposure at workplaces and in the environment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 605, s. 929-945
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personal monitors based on unipolar diffusion charging (miniDiSC/DiSCmini, NanoTracer, Partector) can be used to assess the individual exposure to nanoparticles in different environments. The charge acquired by the aerosol particles is nearly proportional to the particle diameter and, by coincidence, also nearly proportional to the alveolar lung-deposited surface area (LDSA), the metric reported by all three instruments. In addition, the miniDiSC/DiSCmini and the NanoTracer report particle number concentration and mean particle size. In view of their use for personal exposure studies, the comparability of these personal monitors was assessed in two measurement a large range of particle sizes, morphologies and concentrations. The data provided by the personal monitors were compared with those obtained from reference instruments: a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) for LDSA and mean particle size and a ultrafine particle counter (UCPC) for number concentration. The results indicated that the LDSA concentrations and the mean particle sizes provided by all investigated instruments in this study were in the order of +/- 30% of the reference value obtained from the SMPS when the particle sizes of the test aerosols generated were within 20-400 nm and the instruments were properly calibrated. Particle size, morphology and concentration did not have a major effect within the aforementioned limits. The comparability of the number concentrations was found to be slightly worse and in the range of +/- 50% of the reference value obtained from the UCPC. In addition, a minor effect of the particle morphology on the number concentration measurements was observed. The presence of particles >400 nm can drastically bias the measurement results of all instruments and all metrics determined.
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| 12. |
- Åkerman, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure of hairdressers to ortho- and meta-toluidine in hair dyes.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 72:1, s. 57-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carcinogenic aromatic amines derived from hair dyes have recently received new attention. One of these is ortho (o)-toluidine, which is classified as carcinogenic to humans.
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