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1.	Birney, Ewan, et al. (author) Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project 2007 In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
2.	Clark, Andrew G., et al. (author) Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny 2007 In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 450:7167, s. 203-218 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
3.	Margulies, Elliott H, et al. (author) Analyses of deep mammalian sequence alignments and constraint predictions for 1% of the human genome 2007 In: Genome Research. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1088-9051 .- 1549-5469. ; 17:6, s. 760-774 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A key component of the ongoing ENCODE project involves rigorous comparative sequence analyses for the initially targeted 1% of the human genome. Here, we present orthologous sequence generation, alignment, and evolutionary constraint analyses of 23 mammalian species for all ENCODE targets. Alignments were generated using four different methods; comparisons of these methods reveal large-scale consistency but substantial differences in terms of small genomic rearrangements, sensitivity (sequence coverage), and specificity (alignment accuracy). We describe the quantitative and qualitative trade-offs concomitant with alignment method choice and the levels of technical error that need to be accounted for in applications that require multisequence alignments. Using the generated alignments, we identified constrained regions using three different methods. While the different constraint-detecting methods are in general agreement, there are important discrepancies relating to both the underlying alignments and the specific algorithms. However, by integrating the results across the alignments and constraint-detecting methods, we produced constraint annotations that were found to be robust based on multiple independent measures. Analyses of these annotations illustrate that most classes of experimentally annotated functional elements are enriched for constrained sequences; however, large portions of each class (with the exception of protein-coding sequences) do not overlap constrained regions. The latter elements might not be under primary sequence constraint, might not be constrained across all mammals, or might have expendable molecular functions. Conversely, 40% of the constrained sequences do not overlap any of the functional elements that have been experimentally identified. Together, these findings demonstrate and quantify how many genomic functional elements await basic molecular characterization.
4.	Mikkelsen, Tarjei S, et al. (author) Genome of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica reveals innovation in non-coding sequences 2007 In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7141, s. 167-177 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We report a high-quality draft of the genome sequence of the grey, short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica). As the first metatherian ('marsupial') species to be sequenced, the opossum provides a unique perspective on the organization and evolution of mammalian genomes. Distinctive features of the opossum chromosomes provide support for recent theories about genome evolution and function, including a strong influence of biased gene conversion on nucleotide sequence composition, and a relationship between chromosomal characteristics and X chromosome inactivation. Comparison of opossum and eutherian genomes also reveals a sharp difference in evolutionary innovation between protein-coding and non-coding functional elements. True innovation in protein-coding genes seems to be relatively rare, with lineage-specific differences being largely due to diversification and rapid turnover in gene families involved in environmental interactions. In contrast, about 20% of eutherian conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) are recent inventions that postdate the divergence of Eutheria and Metatheria. A substantial proportion of these eutherian-specific CNEs arose from sequence inserted by transposable elements, pointing to transposons as a major creative force in the evolution of mammalian gene regulation.
5.	Carlsson, A, et al. (author) Better Diabetes Diagnostic (BDD):: A country-wide registry of incident patients suggests an altered HLA genotype distribution from 1986-87 2006 In: DIABETOLOGIA. - 0012-186X. ; 49, s. 175-175 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
6.	Cornelissen, Johannes H C, et al. (author) Global negative vegetation feedback to climate warming responses of leaf litter decomposition rates in cold biomes 2007 In: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 10:7, s. 619-627 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Whether climate change will turn cold biomes from large long-term carbon sinks into sources is hotly debated because of the great potential for ecosystem-mediated feedbacks to global climate. Critical are the direction, magnitude and generality of climate responses of plant litter decomposition. Here, we present the first quantitative analysis of the major climate-change-related drivers of litter decomposition rates in cold northern biomes worldwide.Leaf litters collected from the predominant species in 33 global change manipulation experiments in circum-arctic-alpine ecosystems were incubated simultaneously in two contrasting arctic life zones. We demonstrate that longer-term, large-scale changes to leaf litter decomposition will be driven primarily by both direct warming effects and concomitant shifts in plant growth form composition, with a much smaller role for changes in litter quality within species. Specifically, the ongoing warming-induced expansion of shrubs with recalcitrant leaf litter across cold biomes would constitute a negative feedback to global warming. Depending on the strength of other (previously reported) positive feedbacks of shrub expansion on soil carbon turnover, this may partly counteract direct warming enhancement of litter decomposition.
7.	Krueger, H., et al. (author) Five years of Ulysses dust data: 2000-2004 2006 In: Planetary and Space Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5088 .- 0032-0633. ; 54:9-10, s. 932-956 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The Ulysses spacecraft has been orbiting the Sun on a highly inclined ellipse (i = 79 degrees, perihelion distance 1.3 AU, aphelion distance 5.4 AU) since it encountered Jupiter in 1992. Between January 2000 and December 2004, the spacecraft completed almost an entire revolution about the Sun, passing through perihelion in May 2001 and aphelion in July 2004. In this five-year period the dust detector on board recorded 4415 dust impacts. We publish and analyse the complete data set of both raw and reduced data for particles with masses 10(-16) g <= M <= 10(-7) g. Together with. 1695 dust impacts recorded between launch of Ulysses and the end of 1999 published earlier (Grain, E., Baguhl, M., Divine, N., Fechtig, H., Hamilton, D.P, Harmer, M.S., Kissel, J., Lindblad, B.A., Linkert, D., Linkert, G., Mann, L, McDonnell, J.A.M., Morfill, G.E., Polanskey, C., Riemann, R., Schwehm, G.H., Siddique, N., Staubach, P., Zook, H.A., 1995a. Two years of Ulysses dust data. Planetary Space Sci. 43, 971-999, Paper III; Kruger, H., Grun, E., Landgraf, M., Baguhl, M., Dermott, S.F., Fechtig, H., Gustafson, B.A., Hamilton, D.P., Harmer, M.S., Horanyi, M., Kissel, J., Lindblad, B., Linkert, D., Linkert, G., Mann, L, McDonnell, J.A.M., Morfill, G.E., Polanskey, C., Schwehm, G.H., Srama, R., Zook, H.A., 1995. Three years of Ulysses dust data: 1993 to 1995. Planetary and Space Sci. 47, 363-383, Paper V; Kruger, H., Grun, E., Landgraf, M., Dermott, S.F., Fechtig, H., Gustafson, B.A., Hamilton, D.P., Harmer, M.S., Horanyi, M., Kissel, J., Lindblad, B., Linkert, D., Linkert, G., Mann, I., McDonnell, J.A.M., Morfill, G.E., Polanskey, C., Schwehm, G.H., Srama, R., Zook, H.A., 2001b. Four years of Ulysses dust data: 1996 to 1999. Planetary Space Sci. 49, 1303-1324, Paper VII), a data set of 6110 dust impacts detected with the Ulysses sensor between October 1990 and December 2004 is now available. The impact rate measured between 2000 and 2002 was relatively constant with about 0.3 impacts per day showing a maximum at 1.5 per day around ecliptic plane crossing in early-2001. The impact direction of the majority of impacts between 2000 and 2002 is compatible with particles of interstellar origin, the rest are most likely interplanetary particles. In 2003 and 2004 dust stream particles originating from the jovian system dominated the overall impact rate. Twenty-two individual dust streams were measured between November 2002 and December 2004. The observed impact rates are compared with models for interplanetary and interstellar dust. The dust measurements from the entire mission since Ulysses launch give good agreement with the interplanetary flux model of Staubach, P., Grun, E., Jehn, R., 1997. The meteoroid environment near Earth, Adv. Space Res. 19, 301-308. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
8.	Krueger, H., et al. (author) Galileo dust data from the jovian system: 1997-1999 2006 In: Planetary and Space Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5088 .- 0032-0633. ; 54:9-10, s. 879-910 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The dust detector system on board the Galileo spacecraft recorded dust impacts in circumjovian space during the craft's orbital mission about Jupiter. This is the eighth in a series of papers dedicated to presenting Galileo and Ulysses dust data. We present data from the Galileo dust instrument for the period January 1997-December 1999 when the spacecraft completed 21 revolutions about Jupiter. In this time interval data were obtained as high resolution realtime science data or recorded data during 449 days (representing 41% of the entire period), or via memory readouts during the remaining times. Because the data transmission rate of the spacecraft was very low, the complete data set (i.e. all parameters measured by the instrument during impact of a dust particle) of only 3% (7625) of all particles detected could be transmitted to Earth; the other particles were only counted. Together with the data of 2883 particles detected during, Galileo's interplanetary cruise and 53 53 particles detected in the jovian system in 1996, complete data of 15 861 particles detected by the Galileo dust instrument from 1989 to 1999 are now available. The majority of the detected particles were tiny grains (about 10 nm in radius), most of them originating from Jupiter's innermost Galilean moon Io. They were detected throughout the jovian system and the highest impact rates exceeded 100 min(-1) (C21 orbit; 01 July 1999). With the new data set the times of onset, cessation and a 180 degrees shift in the impact direction of the grains measured during 19 Galileo orbits about Jupiter are well reproduced by simulated 9 nm particles charged up to a potential of +3 V, confirming earlier results obtained for only two Galileo orbits (Horanyi, M., Grun, E., Heck, A., 1997. Modeling the Galileo dust measurements at Jupiter. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 2175-2178). Galileo has detected a large number of bigger particles mostly in the region between the Galilean moons. The average radius of 370 of these grains measured in the 1996-1999 period is about 2 mu m (assuming spherical grains with density 1 g cm(-3)) and the size distribution rises steeply towards smaller grains. The biggest detected particles have a radius of about 10 mu m. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
9.	Lindehammer, Sabina, et al. (author) Temporal trends of HLA genotype frequencies of type 1 diabetes patients in Sweden from 1986 to 2005 suggest altered risk 2008 In: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 45:4, s. 231-5 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes in 1-18-year-old patients with type 1 diabetes newly diagnosed in 1986-1987 (n = 430), 1996-2000 (n = 342) and in 2003-2005 (n = 171). We tested the hypothesis that the HLA DQ genotype distribution changes over time. Swedish type 1 diabetes patients and controls were typed for HLA using polymerase chain reaction amplification and allele specific probes for DQ A1* and B1* alleles. The most common type 1 diabetes HLA DQA1-B1genotype 0501-0201/0301-0302 was 36% (153/430) in 1986-1987 and 37% (127/342) in 1996-2000, but decreased to 19% (33/171) in 2003-2005 (P \ 0.0001). The 0501-0201/0501-0201 genotype increased from 1% in 1986-1987 to 7% in 1996-2000 (P = 0.0047) and to 5% in 2003-2005 (P > 0.05). This study in 1-18-year-old Swedish type 1 diabetes patients supports the notion that there is a temporal change in HLA risk.
10.	van den Berg, L, et al. (author) Evaluation of the serotonergic genes htr1A, htr1B, htr2A, and slc6A4 in aggressive behavior of golden retriever dogs 2008 In: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 38:1, s. 55-66 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Aggressive behavior displays a high heritability in our study group of Golden Retriever dogs. Alterations in brain serotonin metabolism have been described in aggressive dogs before. Here, we evaluate whether four genes of the canine serotonergic system, coding for the serotonin receptors 1A, 1B, and 2A, and the serotonin transporter, could play a major role in aggression in Golden Retrievers. We performed mutation screens, linkage analysis, an association study, and a quantitative genetic analysis. There was no systematic difference between the coding DNA sequence of the candidate genes in aggressive and non-aggressive Golden Retrievers. An affecteds-only parametric linkage analysis revealed no strong major locus effect on human-directed aggression related to the candidate genes. An analysis of 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 1 Mb regions flanking the genes in 49 unrelated human-directed aggressive and 49 unrelated non-aggressive dogs did not show association of SNP alleles, genotypes, or haplotypes with aggression at the candidate loci. We completed our analyses with a study of the effect of variation in the candidate genes on a collection of aggression-related phenotypic measures. The effects of the candidate gene haplotypes were estimated using the Restricted Maximum Likelihood method, with the haplotypes included as fixed effects in a linear animal model. We observed no effect of the candidate gene haplotypes on a range of aggression-related phenotypes, thus extending our conclusions to several types of aggressive behavior. We conclude that it is unlikely that these genes play a major role in the variation in aggression in the Golden Retrievers that we studied. Smaller phenotypic effects of these loci could not be ruled out with our sample size.
11.	Helgadottir, Anna, et al. (author) The same sequence variant on 9p21 associates with myocardial infarction, abdominal aortic aneurysm and intracranial aneurysm 2008 In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 40:2, s. 217-224 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Recently, two common sequence variants on 9p21, tagged by rs10757278-G and rs10811661-T, were reported to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD)(1-4) and type 2 diabetes (T2D)(5-7), respectively. We proceeded to further investigate the contributions of these variants to arterial diseases and T2D. Here we report that rs10757278-G is associated with, in addition to CAD, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA; odds ratio (OR) 1.31, P = 1.2 x 10(-12)) and intracranial aneurysm (OR = 1.29, P = 2.5 x 10(-6)), but not with T2D. This variant is the first to be described that affects the risk of AAA and intracranial aneurysm in many populations. The association of rs10811661-T to T2D replicates in our samples, but the variant does not associate with any of the five arterial diseases examined. These findings extend our insight into the role of the sequence variant tagged by rs10757278-G and show that it is not confined to atherosclerotic diseases.
12.	Wade, C. M., et al. (author) Genome Sequence, Comparative Analysis, and Population Genetics of the Domestic Horse 2009 In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 326:5954, s. 865-867 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We report a high-quality draft sequence of the genome of the horse ( Equus caballus). The genome is relatively repetitive but has little segmental duplication. Chromosomes appear to have undergone few historical rearrangements: 53% of equine chromosomes show conserved synteny to a single human chromosome. Equine chromosome 11 is shown to have an evolutionary new centromere devoid of centromeric satellite DNA, suggesting that centromeric function may arise before satellite repeat accumulation. Linkage disequilibrium, showing the influences of early domestication of large herds of female horses, is intermediate in length between dog and human, and there is long-range haplotype sharing among breeds.
13.	af Klint, E, et al. (author) Evaluation of arthroscopy and macroscopic scoring 2006 In: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY. - 0300-9742. ; 35, s. 54-54 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
14.	Beylich, A.A., et al. (author) Direct human impacts on mechanical denudation in an arctic-oce northern Swedish Lapland (Abisko mountain area)anic periglacial environment in 2005 In: Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie N.F., Suppl.. - 0044-2798. ; 138, s. 81-100 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
15.	de Jong, P. A., et al. (author) Progression of lung disease on computed tomography and pulmonary function tests in children and adults with cystic fibrosis 2006 In: Thorax. - 0040-6376. ; 61:1, s. 80-5 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to compare the ability of computed tomographic (CT) scores and pulmonary function tests to detect changes in lung disease in children and adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS: CT scans and pulmonary function tests were retrospectively studied in a cohort of patients with CF aged 5-52 years for whom two or three CT scans at 3 year intervals were available, together with pulmonary function test results. All CT scans were scored by two observers. Pulmonary function results were expressed as percentage predicted and Z scores. RESULTS: Of 119 patients studied, two CT scans were available in 92 patients and three in 24. CT (composite and component) scores and lung function both deteriorated significantly (p<0.02). Peripheral bronchiectasis worsened by 1.7% per year in children (p<0.0001) and by 1.5% per year in adults (p<0.0001). Bronchiectasis worsened in 68 of 92 patients while forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) worsened in 54 of 92 patients; bronchiectasis also deteriorated in 27 patients with stable or improving FEV1. The CT score (and its components) and pulmonary function tests showed similar rates of deterioration in adults and children (p>0.09). CONCLUSION: The peripheral bronchiectasis CT score deteriorates faster and more frequently than lung function parameters in children and adults with CF, which indicates that pulmonary function tests and CT scans measure different aspects of CF lung disease. Our data support previous findings that the peripheral bronchiectasis CT score has an added value to pulmonary function tests in monitoring CF lung disease.
16.	Greving, J. P., et al. (author) Alcoholic beverages and risk of renal cell cancer 2007 In: British Journal of Cancer. - London, United Kingdom : Nature Publishing Group. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 97:3, s. 429-433 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Using a mailed questionnaire, we investigated the risk of renal cell cancer in relation to different types of alcoholic beverages, and to total ethanol in a large population-based case-control study among Swedish adults, including 855 cases and 1204 controls. Compared to non-drinkers, a total ethanol intake of >620 g month(-1) was significantly related to a decreased risk of renal cell cancer (odds ratio (OR) 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4-0.9; P-value for trend=0.03). The risk decreased 30-40% with drinking more than two glasses per week of red wine (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9), white wine (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.0), or strong beer (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-1.0); there was a clear linear trend of decreasing risk with increasing consumption of these beverages (P-values for trends <0.05).
17.	Gustafsson, Per M., 1952, et al. (author) Multiple-breath inert gas washout and spirometry versus structural lung disease in cystic fibrosis. 2008 In: Thorax. - : BMJ. - 1468-3296 .- 0040-6376. ; 63:2, s. 129-34 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: A sensitive and valid non-invasive marker of early cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is sought. The lung clearance index (LCI) from multiple-breath washout (MBW) is known to detect abnormal lung function more readily than spirometry in children and teenagers with CF, but its relationship to structural lung abnormalities is unknown. A study was undertaken to determine the agreements between LCI and spirometry, respectively, with structural lung disease as measured by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in children and teenagers with CF. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 44 consecutive patients with CF aged 5-19 years (mean 12 years). At an annual check-up inspiratory and expiratory HRCT scans, LCI and spirometric parameters (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and maximal expiratory flow when 75% of forced vital capacity was expired (FEF75)) were recorded. Abnormal structure was defined as a composite HRCT score of >5%, the presence of bronchiectasis or air trapping >30%. Abnormal lung function was defined as LCI above the predicted mean +1.96 residual standard deviations (RSD), or FEV1 or FEF75 below the predicted mean -1.96 RSD. Sensitivity/specificity assessments and correlation analyses were done. RESULTS: The sensitivity to detect abnormal lung structure was 85-94% for LCI, 19-26% for FEV1 and 62-75% for FEF75. Specificity was 43-65% for LCI, 89-100% for FEV1 and 75-88% for FEF75. LCI correlated better with HRCT scores (Rs +0.85) than FEV1 (-0.62) or FEF75 (-0.66). CONCLUSIONS: LCI is a more sensitive indicator than FEV1 or FEF75 for detecting structural lung disease in CF, and a normal LCI almost excludes HRCT abnormalities. The finding of an abnormal LCI in some patients with normal HRCT scans suggests that LCI may be even more sensitive than HRCT scanning for detecting lung involvement in CF.
18.	Hirvikoski, T, et al. (author) Long-term effects of prenatal treatment with glucocorticolds in CAH 2006 In: HORMONE RESEARCH. - 0301-0163. ; 65, s. 8-9 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
19.	Johansson, P., et al. (author) Growth of aflatoxigenic moulds and aflatoxin formation in Brazil nuts. 2008 In: World Mycotoxin Journal. ; 1:2, s. 127-137 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
20.	Lindblad, A, et al. (author) DIFFERENCES IN TREATMENT AND OUTCOME BETWEEN THE USA AND SWEDEN 2009 In: PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY. - 8755-6863. ; , s. 376-376 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
21.	Lindblad, B, et al. (author) Folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine levels in South Asian women with growth-retarded fetuses 2005 In: ACTA OBSTETRICIA ET GYNECOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349. ; 84:11, s. 1055-1061 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
22.	Lindblad, YT, et al. (author) Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, early cardiovascular risk factors in children with chronic kidney disease 2008 In: Blood purification. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9735 .- 0253-5068. ; 26:6, s. 518-525 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract <i>Background/Aims:</i> Pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Still, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, common cardiovascular risk factors, are not extensively investigated in children with CKD. We hypothesize that insulin abnormalities are present also in pediatric mild to moderate CKD, and associated with inflammation and malnutrition. <i>Methods:</i> We enrolled 26 children with CKD, and 34 healthy controls for analyses of blood samples and body composition. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). <i>Results:</i> The patients had higher insulin levels and HOMA-IR compared to the controls (p < 0.01 and p < 0.005), and they correlated inversely with estimated glomerular filtration rate (rho = –0.52, p < 0.01; rho = –0.37, p = 0.08). No association was found with inflammation or malnutrition. <i>Conclusion:</i> High insulin levels and HOMA-IR appear to be common in pediatric CKD patients, already in mild to moderate renal failure. We hypothesize that hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance alone might be important risk factors for cardiovascular disease in children with CKD.
23.	Melander, Arne, et al. (author) Utilisation of antihyperglycaemic drugs in ten European countries: different developments and different levels. 2006 In: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; 49:9, s. 2024-2029 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to compare developments in the utilisation of antihyperglycaemic drugs (AHGDs) in ten European countries. Subhect and methods Data on the yearly utilisation of insulin and oral AHGDs were collected from public registers in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Belgium, England, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Spain, and were expressed as defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day. Results Total AGHD utilisation increased everywhere, but at different rates and levels. Insulin utilisation doubled in England and Germany, but hardly changed in Belgium, Portugal or Italy. Sulfonylurea utilisation doubled in Spain, England and Denmark but was reduced in Germany and Sweden. Metformin utilisation increased greatly everywhere. There were two- to three-fold differences in AHGD utilisation even between neighbouring countries. In Finland, there were more users of both insulin (+120%) and oral AHGDs (+80%) than in Denmark, and the daily oral AHGD doses were higher. In Denmark and Sweden, AHGD utilisation was equal in subjects aged < 45 years, but in those >= 45 years of age, both insulin and oral AHGD utilisation were twice as high in Sweden. Conclusions/interpretation The ubiquitous increase in AHGD utilisation, particularly metformin, seems logical, considering the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and the results of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study. However, the large differences even between neighbouring countries are more difficult to explain, and suggest different habits and attitudes in terms of screening and management of type 2 diabetes.
24.	Peredkov, Sergey, et al. (author) Ioniclike energy structure of neutral core-excited states in free Kr clusters 2005 In: Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics). - 1050-2947. ; 72:2 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The development of electronic states in krypton clusters is investigated by high-resolution core-level electron spectroscopy. The energy ordering of bulk versus surface 3d(-1)np(n > 5) core-excited states in neutral clusters is demonstrated to be reversed to the 3d(-1)5p level situation. The cluster 3d(-1)6p,7p states are proven to be at a lower energy than the corresponding atomic levels. These findings reveal the ioniclike energy structure of the neutral cluster core-excited levels. The phenomenon is explained by a spatial spread of the excited orbitals over the cluster lattice.
25.	Prokopenko, Inga, et al. (author) Variants in MTNR1B influence fasting glucose levels 2009 In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 41:1, s. 77-81 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract To identify previously unknown genetic loci associated with fasting glucose concentrations, we examined the leading association signals in ten genome-wide association scans involving a total of 36,610 individuals of European descent. Variants in the gene encoding melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) were consistently associated with fasting glucose across all ten studies. The strongest signal was observed at rs10830963, where each G allele (frequency 0.30 in HapMap CEU) was associated with an increase of 0.07 (95% CI = 0.06-0.08) mmol/l in fasting glucose levels (P = 3.2 x 10(-50)) and reduced beta-cell function as measured by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-B, P = 1.1 x 10(-15)). The same allele was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio = 1.09 (1.05-1.12), per G allele P = 3.3 x 10(-7)) in a meta-analysis of 13 case-control studies totaling 18,236 cases and 64,453 controls. Our analyses also confirm previous associations of fasting glucose with variants at the G6PC2 (rs560887, P = 1.1 x 10(-57)) and GCK (rs4607517, P = 1.0 x 10(-25)) loci.
26.	Rashidkhani, B., et al. (author) Alcohol consumption and risk of renal cell carcinoma : a prospective study of Swedish women 2005 In: International Journal of Cancer. - Hoboken, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 117:5, s. 848-853 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Previous literature, although not consistent, suggests that moderate alcohol consumption might be associated with decreased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in women. Thus, we examined the association between alcohol intake and the incidence of RCC by analyzing data from the Swedish Mammography Cohort, a population-based prospective cohort of 59,237 women, aged 40-76 years, who, at baseline in 1987-1990, were cancer free and had completed a food-frequency questionnaire including questions about alcohol consumption. Through June 30, 2004, 132 incident cases of RCC were diagnosed. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to estimate age and body mass index (BMI) adjusted rate ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Women who consumed >4.3 grams per day of alcohol (ethanol) had nonsignificantly lower risk of RCC than did women who consumed <2.5 g/d (RR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.42-1.19); among women > or = 55 years of age at entry into the cohort, corresponding risk estimates were RR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.10-1.05, p for trend = 0.04 and among women with BMI >25 kg/m2, RR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.09-0.97, p for trend = 0.04. Consistent with these findings, women who drank 1 or more servings of total alcoholic beverages per week had lower RCC risk than did women who drank less (RR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.41-0.94); the corresponding estimate for women > or = 55 years of age was RR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.22-0.88. Results from our prospective cohort study of middle-aged and elderly women indicate that moderate alcohol consumption may be associated with decreased risk of RCC.
27.	Rashidkhani, B., et al. (author) Major dietary patterns and risk of renal cell carcinoma in a prospective cohort of Swedish women 2005 In: Journal of Nutrition. - Bethesda, USA : American Society for Nutrition. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 135:7, s. 1757-1762 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Links between specific foods and the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are not well established. Dietary patterns may be a better predictor of RCC risk. Our aim was to identify and examine major dietary patterns and their relation to the risk of RCC in a large prospective cohort study of Swedish women. Complete dietary information was available from a FFQ from 46,572 women aged 40-76 y at baseline. We conducted factor analysis to identify dietary patterns. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs. During a mean of 14.3 y of follow-up, we identified 93 cases of RCC. We observed 3 major dietary patterns in the cohort: Healthy (vegetables, tomato, fish, fruits, poultry, whole grains), Western (sweets, processed meat, refined grains, margarine/butter, high-fat dairy products, fried potato, soft drinks, meat) and Drinker (wine, hard liquor, beer, snacks) pattern. Higher Healthy pattern scores were not significantly associated with decreased risk of RCC (highest vs. lowest tertile RR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.45-1.48 and RR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.27-1.10 among women < or = 65 y). There was a suggestion of an inverse association between the Drinker pattern and RCC risk (RR comparing the 2nd and 3rd with the first tertile, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.34-0.95; and 0.72; 95% CI, 0.42-1.22, respectively, P = 0.08 by Wald test); the association was clearer among women < or = 65 y (P = 0.02 by Wald test). Our data suggest an inverse association between Drinker pattern and the risk of RCC.
28.	Sanjeevi, Carani B., et al. (author) The risk conferred by HLA-DR and DQ for type 1 diabetes in 0-35-year age group are different in different regions of Sweden 2008 In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0077-8923 .- 1749-6632. - 9781573317337 ; 1150, s. 106-11 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract HLA DR4-DQ8 and DR3-DQ2 haplotypes account for 89% of newly diagnosed cases of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Sweden. The presence of a single copy of DQ6 confers protection. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether the risk conferred by high risk HLA DR and DQ to T1D is similar in all regions of Sweden and see whether there are any significant regional differences. The subjects comprised 799 consecutively diagnosed T1D patients and 585 age-, sex-, and geography-matched healthy controls in the age group 0-35 years. HLA typing for high-risk haplotypes was previously performed using PCR-SSOP and RFLP. The results showed that HLA DR3-DR4 gave an odds ratio of 8.14 for the whole of Sweden. However, when the study group was divided into six geographical regions, subjects from Stockholm had the highest OR, followed by those from Lund, Linköping, Gothenburg, Umeå, and Uppsala. Absolute protection was conferred by the presence of DQ6 in subjects from the Linköping region, but varied in the other regions. The frequency of DR3 and DQ2, DR4 and DQ8, DR15, and DQ6 in patients showed high linkage for each region, but were different between regions. In conclusion: The risk conferred by high-risk HLA varies in different regions for a homogenous population in Sweden. The results highlight the important role played by the various environmental factors in the precipitation of T1D.
29.	Sedimbi, S. K., et al. (author) SUMO4 M55V polymorphism affects susceptibility to type I diabetes in HLA DR3- and DR4-positive Swedish patients 2007 In: Genes Immun. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1466-4879 .- 1476-5470. ; 8:6, s. 518-21 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract SUMO4 M55V, located in IDDM5, has been a focus for debate because of its association to type I diabetes (TIDM) in Asians but not in Caucasians. The current study aims to test the significance of M55V association to TIDM in a large cohort of Swedish Caucasians, and to test whether M55V is associated in those carrying human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules. A total of 673 TIDM patients and 535 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. PCR-RFLP was performed to identify the genotype and allele variations. Our data suggest that SUMO4 M55V is not associated with susceptibility to TIDM by itself. When we stratified our patients and controls based on heterozygosity for HLA-DR3/DR4 and SUMO4 genotypes, we found that presence of SUMO4 GG increased further the relative risk conferred by HLA-DR3/DR4 to TIDM, whereas SUMO4 AA decreased the risk. From the current study, we conclude that SUMO4 M55V is associated with TIDM in association with high-risk HLA-DR3 and DR4, but not by itself.
30.	Shin, J. H., et al. (author) IA-2 autoantibodies in incident type I diabetes patients are associated with a polyadenylation signal polymorphism in GIMAP5 2007 In: Genes Immun. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1466-4879 .- 1476-5470. ; 8:6, s. 503-12 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In a large case-control study of Swedish incident type I diabetes patients and controls, 0-34 years of age, we tested the hypothesis that the GIMAP5 gene, a key genetic factor for lymphopenia in spontaneous BioBreeding rat diabetes, is associated with type I diabetes; with islet autoantibodies in incident type I diabetes patients or with age at clinical onset in incident type I diabetes patients. Initial scans of allelic association were followed by more detailed logistic regression modeling that adjusted for known type I diabetes risk factors and potential confounding variables. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6598, located in a polyadenylation signal of GIMAP5, was associated with the presence of significant levels of IA-2 autoantibodies in the type I diabetes patients. Patients with the minor allele A of rs6598 had an increased prevalence of IA-2 autoantibody levels compared to patients without the minor allele (OR=2.2; Bonferroni-corrected P=0.003), after adjusting for age at clinical onset (P=8.0 x 10(-13)) and the numbers of HLA-DQ A10501-B10201 haplotypes (P=2.4 x 10(-5)) and DQ A10301-B10302 haplotypes (P=0.002). GIMAP5 polymorphism was not associated with type I diabetes or with GAD65 or insulin autoantibodies, ICA, or age at clinical onset in patients. These data suggest that the GIMAP5 gene is associated with islet autoimmunity in type I diabetes and add to recent findings implicating the same SNP in another autoimmune disease.
31.	Sjoberg, J, et al. (author) Utilization of hemicelluloses from forestry residual streams as barrier film and hydrogel materials. 2005 In: Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 0065-7727. ; 229, s. U286-U287 Journal article (other academic/artistic)
32.	Stone, M A, et al. (author) Evaluation and comparison of guidelines for the management of people with type 2 diabetes from eight European countries. 2009 In: Diabetes research and clinical practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8227 .- 0168-8227. Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract METHODS: The most recent nationally recognised guidelines for type 2 diabetes from eight European countries (Belgium, England/Wales, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands and Sweden) were compared. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) instrument was used for quality assessment. Details of recommendations for key process and outcome indicators were also extracted. Appraisal and data extraction were conducted independently by two researchers. RESULTS: AGREE domain scores varied between guidelines, including a range of 31-95% for rigour of development. The highest mean domain scores were for Scope and Purpose (81%) and Clarity and Presentation (85%); the lowest was for Stakeholder Involvement (49%). Specific recommendations, including targets relating to intermediate outcomes, were broadly similar. However, at detailed level, there were variations, particularly in terms of the level of information provided, for example, only two countries' guidelines provided cut-off points in relation to risk associated with waist circumference. IMPLICATIONS: Our findings suggest that there are some areas of good practice relating to guideline development where more attention is needed. Despite a substantial degree of consensus for specified targets, observed differences at detailed level suggest a lack of consistency in relation to some aspects of the information provided to clinicians across Europe.
33.	Thomas, T.D., et al. (author) Photoelectron-recoil-induced rotational excitation of the B 2 state in N2 2009 In: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 79:022506 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In the photoelectron spectrum of N-2 the apparent ionization energy to form the B (2)Sigma(+)(u) state increases linearly with the photon energy. Rotationally resolved measurements of the fluorescent decay of this state show a linear increase of rotational heating with increasing photon energy. These results are in quantitative agreement with the prediction of the theory of recoil-induced rotational excitation, indicating that the rotational heating that has been observed previously arises primarily from such recoil-induced excitation. Together with other results that have been reported they show that recoil-induced internal excitation is significant in many situations, including near threshold.
34.	Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E, et al. (author) A variant associated with nicotine dependence, lung cancer and peripheral arterial disease 2008 In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 452:7187, s. 9-638 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Smoking is a leading cause of preventable death, causing about 5 million premature deaths worldwide each year(1,2). Evidence for genetic influence on smoking behaviour and nicotine dependence (ND)(3-8) has prompted a search for susceptibility genes. Furthermore, assessing the impact of sequence variants on smoking-related diseases is important to public health(9,10). Smoking is the major risk factor for lung cancer (LC)(11-14) and is one of the main risk factors for peripheral arterial disease (PAD)(15-17). Here we identify a common variant in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene cluster on chromosome 15q24 with an effect on smoking quantity, ND and the risk of two smoking- related diseases in populations of European descent. The variant has an effect on the number of cigarettes smoked per day in our sample of smokers. The same variant was associated with ND in a previous genomewide association study that used low- quantity smokers as controls(18,19), and with a similar approach we observe a highly significant association with ND. A comparison of cases of LC and PAD with population controls each showed that the variant confers risk of LC and PAD. The findings provide a case study of a gene - environment interaction(20), highlighting the role of nicotine addiction in the pathology of other serious diseases.
35.	Abu-samha, M, et al. (author) The local structure of small water clusters : imprints on the core-level photoelectron spectrum 2009 In: Journal of Physics B. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 42:5, s. 055201- Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We report on an O 1s photoelectron-spectroscopy study of small neutral water clusters produced by adiabatic expansion. The photoelectron spectra were acquired under two different experimental conditions. At intermediate resolution, the cluster signal was characterized by a very broad O 1s peak with a flat top. In the second set of measurements, resolution was significantly increased at the cost of lower count rates. The cluster signal was now partly resolved into a bimodal structure. Extensive theoretical calculations were undertaken to facilitate an interpretation of the spectrum. These results suggest that the bimodal feature may be ascribed to ionization of water molecules in different hydrogen-bonding configurations, more specifically, molecules characterized by donation of either one or both hydrogen atoms in H-bonding.
36.	Askling, J, et al. (author) Haematopoietic malignancies in rheumatoid arthritis : lymphoma risk and characteristics after exposure to tumour necrosis factor antagonists 2005 In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 64:10, s. 1414-1420 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND:Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of malignant lymphomas, and maybe also of leukaemia and multiple myeloma. The effect of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists on lymphoma risk and characteristics is unclear.OBJECTIVE:To assess expected rates and relative risks of haematopoietic malignancies, especially those associated with TNF antagonists, in large population based cohorts of patients with RA.METHODS:A population based cohort study was performed of patients with RA (one prevalent cohort (n = 53,067), one incident cohort (n = 3703), and one TNF antagonist treated cohort 1999 through 2003 (n = 4160)), who were linked with the Swedish Cancer Register. Additionally, the lymphoma specimens for the 12 lymphomas occurring in patients with RA exposed to TNF antagonists in Sweden 1999 through 2004 were reviewed.RESULTS:Study of almost 500 observed haematopoietic malignancies showed that prevalent and incident patients with RA were at increased risk of lymphoma (SIR = 1.9 and 2.0, respectively) and leukaemia (SIR = 2.1 and 2.2, respectively) but not of myeloma. Patients with RA treated with TNF antagonists had a tripled lymphoma risk (SIR = 2.9) compared with the general population. After adjustment for sex, age, and disease duration, the lymphoma risk after exposure to TNF antagonists was no higher than in the other RA cohorts. Lymphomas associated with TNF antagonists had characteristics similar to those of other RA lymphomas.CONCLUSION:Overall, patients with RA are at equally increased risks for lymphomas and leukaemias. Patients with RA treated with TNF antagonists did not have higher lymphoma risks than other patients with RA. Prolonged observation is needed to determine the long term effects of TNF antagonists on lymphoma risk.
37.	Awano, Tomoyuki, et al. (author) Genome-wide association analysis reveals a SOD1 mutation in canine degenerative myelopathy that resembles amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2009 In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 106:8, s. 2794-2799 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease prevalent in several dog breeds. Typically, the initial progressive upper motor neuron spastic and general proprioceptive ataxia in the pelvic limbs occurs at 8 years of age or older. If euthanasia is delayed, the clinical signs will ascend, causing flaccid tetraparesis and other lower motor neuron signs. DNA samples from 38 DM-affected Pembroke Welsh corgi cases and 17 related clinically normal controls were used for genome-wide association mapping, which produced the strongest associations with markers on CFA31 in a region containing the canine SOD1 gene. SOD1 was considered a regional candidate gene because mutations in human SOD1 can cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), an adult-onset fatal paralytic neurodegenerative disease with both upper and lower motor neuron involvement. The resequencing of SOD1 in normal and affected dogs revealed a G to A transition, resulting in an E40K missense mutation. Homozygosity for the A allele was associated with DM in 5 dog breeds: Pembroke Welsh corgi, Boxer, Rhodesian ridgeback, German Shepherd dog, and Chesapeake Bay retriever. Microscopic examination of spinal cords from affected dogs revealed myelin and axon loss affecting the lateral white matter and neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions that bind anti-superoxide dismutase 1 antibodies. These inclusions are similar to those seen in spinal cord sections from ALS patients with SOD1 mutations. Our findings identify canine DM to be the first recognized spontaneously occurring animal model for ALS.
38.	Barani, Jamal, et al. (author) Suboptimal treatment of risk factors for atherosclerosis in critical limb ischemia 2005 In: International Angiology. - 0392-9590 .- 1827-1839. ; 24:1, s. 59-63 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Aim. The epidemiology of critical limb ischemia (CLI) is insufficiently studied, and treatment of risk factors for atherosclerosis has received less attention in CLI patients than in patients with coronary or precerebral atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to establish the incidence of CLI and the quality of risk factor treatment in Swedish CLI patients. Methods. During 14 months, 316 consecutive CLI patients were referred to the Malmö Department of Vascular Diseases. Two hundred and fifty-nine (82%) consented to evaluation of intercurrent disease, medication, ankle and arm blood pressures (BP), plasma glucose and lipid levels, phomocysteine, cardiolipin antibodies and activated protein C (APC)-resistance. Results. The incidence of CLI was 38/100 000 inhabitants/year. Patient age was 75±10 years, and BP 147±26/75±14 mmHg. Systolic or diastolic BP above recommended levels (140/90 mmHg) occurred in 137 (53%) patients. P-cholesterol was 4.8±1.2 mMol/L, but cholesterol above recommended level (5 mMol/L) or LDL above recommended level (3 mMol/L) occurred in 125 (48%) patients. Only 24% of patients met national recommendations for both BP and lipid levels. Diabetes mellitus was previously known in 123 (47%) patients, and another 12 (5%) patients showed diabetic fasting glucose levels during the hospital stay. Eightyfour (32%) patients were active, and 72 (28%) were former smokers. Myocardial infarction or angina pectoris had previously been diagnosed in 123 (47%) patients. P-homocysteine was 17±7 μol/l, cardiolipin antibodies occurred in 71 (27%) and APC-resistance in 34 (13%) patients. Conclusion. Patients with CLI show high comorbidity in vascular diseases and high prevalence of modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic vascular disease. The use of evidence-based medical therapy is suboptimal in this high-risk group.
39.	Bengtsson Boström, Kristina, et al. (author) Interaction between the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and obstructive sleep apnoea as a mechanism for hypertension 2007 In: J Hypertens. - 0263-6352. ; 25:4, s. 779-783 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) confers a risk of hypertension and cardiovascular complications. Both the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and OSA are important determinants of blood pressure, but it is not fully known how they interact. The aim of this study was to explore the interaction between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and OSA in the association with hypertension. DESIGN: A community-based, case-control design with hypertensive patients in primary care (n = 157) and normotensive population controls (n = 181). METHODS: All subjects underwent ambulatory polysomnography during one night. OSA was defined by a minimum of 10 apnoea/hypopnoea events per hour. Office blood pressure was measured and hypertension status was assessed. The genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: An interaction analysis including sex, ACE I/D polymorphism (DD and ID versus II), and OSA identified a significant interaction between OSA and the ACE I/D polymorphism: odds ratio (OR) 6.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-22.5, P = 0.004 as well as between OSA and sex: OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.1-9.6, P = 0.033. OSA was significantly associated with hypertension in men but not in women. CONCLUSION: The interaction between the ACE gene I/D polymorphism and OSA appears to be an important mechanism in the development of hypertension, particularly in men.
40.	Bennet, Louise, et al. (author) Alcohol Increases the Risk of Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction 2009 In: Circulation. - 1524-4539. ; 119:10, s. 311-312 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
41.	Buschard, Karsten, et al. (author) Low serum concentration of sulfatide and presence of sulfated lactosylceramid are associated with Type 2 diabetes. The Skaraborg Project 2005 In: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0742-3071 .- 1464-5491. ; 22:9, s. 1190-8 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract AIMS: The glycosphingolipid sulfatide (sulfated galactosyl-ceramide) increases exocytosis of beta-cell secretory granules, activates K(ATP)-channels and is thereby able to influence insulin secretion through its presence in the islets. A closely related compound, sulfated lactosylceramide (sulf-lac-cer), is present in the islets during fetal and neonatal life when, as in Type 2 diabetes, insulin is secreted autonomically without the usual first phase response to glucose. The aim was to examine whether serum concentrations of these glycolipids are associated with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A case-control study, comprising 286 women and 283 men, was designed using a population-based sample of patients with Type 2 diabetes and a population survey. RESULTS: Low serum concentrations of sulfatide were associated with Type 2 diabetes, independent of traditional risk factors for diabetes in a sex-specific analysis: odds ratio (OR) 2.1 (95% confidence interval 1.1, 3.9) in men, and 2.3 (1.2, 4.3) in women, comparing the lowest and the highest tertiles. Type 2 diabetes was also associated with detectable amounts of sulf-lac-cer in serum: OR 1.7 (0.9, 3.4) in men, and 7.6 (3.8, 15.2) in women. After adjustment for confounding from other diabetes risk factors, these associations remained basically unchanged. The connections between sulfatide and Type 2 diabetes, and sulf-lac-cer and Type 2 diabetes were independent of each other. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was negatively correlated with sulfatide concentration and positively correlated with sulf-lac-cer (both P < 0.0001, independently). CONCLUSIONS: We report a new, robust and highly significant independent association between Type 2 diabetes and serum concentrations of sulfatide in both sexes, and sulf-lac-cer in females. The associations were also independent of other known diabetes risk factors.
42.	Bøg-Hansen, Erik, et al. (author) Predictors of acute myocardial infarction mortality in hypertensive patients treated in primary care. 2007 In: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 25:4, s. 237-243 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective. To explore risk factors for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) mortality in hypertensive patients treated in primary care. Design. Community-based cohort study. Setting. Hypertension outpatient clinic in primary health care. Subjects. Patients who consecutively underwent an annual follow-up during 1992-1993 (n =894; 377 men and 517 women). Methods. All events of fatal AMI were ascertained by record linkage to the National Mortality Register to December 31, 2002. Gender-specific predictors for AMI mortality were analysed by Cox regression. Main outcome measure. AMI mortality. Results. During a mean follow-up of 8.7 years 32 cases (8.5%) of fatal AMI were observed in men and 31 cases (6.0%) were observed in women. Most important predictors for AMI mortality in men were microalbuminuria (HR 3.8, CI 1.8-8.0) and left ventricular hypertrophy (HR 4.0, CI 1.7-9.4), whilst in women type 2 diabetes (HR 4.8, CI 2.4-9.8) was an important predictor. In hypertensive patients without diabetes male gender was associated with high AMI mortality (HR 2.7, CI 1.4-5.3), but in patients with both hypertension and type 2 diabetes the higher risk in men disappeared (HR 0.8, CI 0.4-1.7). Conclusion. Cardiovascular disease risk factors remain strong predictors of AMI mortality in hypertensive patients but with a different pattern in the two genders. Markers of organ damage are more important predictors in men, whereas markers of impaired glucose metabolism are more important predictors in women.
43.	Carli, C., et al. (author) Trends in disease modifying antirheumatic drug prescription in early rheumatoid arthritis are influenced more by hospital setting than patient or disease characteristics 2006 In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - London : BMJ Publ. Group. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 65:8, s. 1102-1105 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective: To characterise temporal trends and factors associated with the prescription of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) at the initial consultation in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods: Data from 2584 patients with early RA at 19 hospitals were extracted from the Swedish Rheumatoid Arthritis Register for the period 1997–2001. Disease characteristics and DMARD prescription at first consultation with the rheumatologist were investigated using cross tabulation and logistic regression.Results: DMARD prescriptions, particularly for methotrexate, increased from 1997 to 2001 independently of patient characteristics. Stratification by hospital type showed that patients in district hospitals were less likely to be prescribed DMARDs than those in university hospitals (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40 to 0.69), p<0.001), independently of confounding factors. Association of the DAS28 with the likelihood of DMARD prescription was greater among patients attending district hospitals (OR = 1.65 (1.34 to 2.02), p<0.001) than those at university hospitals (OR = 1.23 (1.07 to 1.41), p = 0.003) and county hospitals (OR = 1.34 (1.01 to 1.63), p = 0.003). Interaction testing indicated that the difference was significant (p = 0.007).Conclusions: Temporal trends in DMARD prescription indicate an increasingly aggressive approach to disease management among Swedish rheumatologists. However, the association of hospital type with DMARD prescription suggests that the adoption of research findings in clinical care varies considerably.
44.	Chandanos, Evangelos, et al. (author) Endogenous estrogen exposure in relation to distribution of histological type and estrogen receptors in gastric adenocarcinoma 2008 In: Gastric Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3291 .- 1436-3305. ; 11:3, s. 168-174 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: Estrogen might protect women against gastric adenocarcinoma of the intestinal histological type. We addressed this hypothesis and proposed that gastric estrogen receptors (ERs) are involved. METHODS: A population-based cohort of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma diagnosed in 1958-2004 in the county of Stockholm was identified through the Swedish Cancer Register. The patients were categorized regarding their endogenous estrogen exposure at diagnosis into: women aged less than 50 years, labelled "exposed women" (n=364), men aged less than 50 years, labelled "unexposed men" (n=396), and women aged more than 70 years, labelled "unexposed women" (n=3008). Tumor specimens were reviewed, and 289 cases were classified into intestinal (n=101) or diffuse type (n=188). Cases of intestinal adenocarcinomas (n=45) were tested for presence of ERalpha, ERbeta, and ERbeta cx by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared to "exposed women", the intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma was more than four times more common among "unexposed men" (odds ratio [OR], 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2-10.3) and nine times more common among "unexposed women" (OR, 9.1; 95% CI, 4.3-19.6). No differences in ER expression were found. A comparison of ERs in tissues taken from the tumors and adjacent gastric mucosa revealed a loss of ERbeta and a gain of ERalpha in the tumor cells. The presence of ERbeta cx was identified for the first time in gastric tumors. CONCLUSION: Gastric adenocarcinoma of the intestinal type is less common in women with high endogenous estrogen exposure, indicating a preventive effect of estrogen. No differences in the distribution of ERs was found between the three estrogen exposure groups. The presence of ERbeta cx in gastric cancer warrants further investigation.
45.	Chaplin, John, 1955, et al. (author) Assessment of childhood diabetes-related quality-of-life in West Sweden 2009 In: Acta Paediatrica. - 1651-2227. ; 98:2, s. 361-366 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract AIM: To investigate health-related quality-of-life (HrQoL) in childhood diabetes and the level of agreement between West Sweden and European reference data for the new multi-cultural European questionnaire - DISABKIDS. METHOD: Twenty percent of the Swedish paediatric diabetes population was included in the survey. Child-parent pairs completed the DISABKIDS chronic generic (37 questions) and diabetes modules (10 questions) during their routine clinic visit. A one-page results summary, based on positive domains, was used to provide feedback to clinicians. RESULTS: Three hundred and sixty-one child-parent pairs were included in the analysis. In Sweden, diabetes was perceived by the children as having less impact than the European average. Swedish parents rated the HrQoL of their children lower than did the European parents. Swedish girls had a lower HrQoL than boys and greater difficulty accepting their diabetes; adolescents had greater difficulty accepting the diagnosis than younger children. Parents reported greater impact of diabetes on their children than the children themselves but reported no difference between boys and girls. Parents reported better acceptance of treatment in boys. The child's reported quality-of-life (QoL) is related to age and gender. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the applicability of DISABKIDS to the Swedish paediatric diabetes population.
46.	Chilo, José, et al. (author) Filtering and extracting features from infrasound data 2005 In: Real Time Conference, 2005. - 0780391837 ; , s. 451-455, s. 451-455 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
47.	Eketus, CU, et al. (author) Birth outcomes and pregnancy complications in women with a history of anorexia nervosa 2007 In: JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY. - 0167-482X. ; 28, s. 61-61 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
48.	Ekeus, C, et al. (author) Birth outcomes and pregnancy complications in women with a history of anorexia nervosa 2006 In: BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. - : Wiley. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 113:8, s. 925-929 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
49.	Hedner, Jan A, 1953, et al. (author) Hypertension prevalence in obstructive sleep apnoea and sex: a population-based case-control study 2006 In: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 27:3 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a recognised risk factor for hypertension (HT). The current authors investigated confounders of this association in a sex-balanced community-based sample of patients with HT (n=161) from the Skaraborg Hypertension and Diabetes Project (n=1,149) and normotensive controls (n=183) from an age and sex stratified community-based population sample (n=1,109). All participants underwent ambulatory home polysomnography. Severe OSA (apnoea-plus-hypopnoea index (AHI) >= 30 events center dot h(-1)) was found in 47 and 25% of hypertensive and normotensive males, respectively. The corresponding numbers in females were 26 and 24%, respectively. The odds ratio (OR) for HT increased across AHI tertiles from 1.0 to 2.1 (95% confidence interval: 0.9-4.5) and 1.0 to 3.7 (95% CI: 1.7-8.2) in males, but not in females where the OR increased from 1.0 to 1.8 (95% CI: 0.8-3.9) and 1.0 to 1.6 (95% CI: 0.7-3.5). Regression analysis correcting for age, body mass index (or waist-hip ratio) and smoking did not eliminate the association between OSA and HT in males. The present data suggest that obstructive sleep apnoea is highly prevalent in both the general population and in patients with known hypertension. The contribution of obstructive sleep apnoea to hypertension risk may be sex dependent and higher in males than in females.
50.	Hellgren, M, et al. (author) Inverse association between plasma homocysteine, sulphonylurea exposure and physical activity : a community-based sample of type 2 diabetes patients in the Skaraborg hypertension and diabetes project. 2005 In: Diabetes, obesity and metabolism. - 1462-8902 .- 1463-1326. ; 7:4, s. 421- Journal article (peer-reviewed)

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