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- Arne, Mats, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity and quality of life in subjects with chronic disease : chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 27:3, s. 141-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Chronic diseases interfere with the life situation of the affected person in different ways. The aim was to compare the burden of disease in three chronic diseases - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), diabetes mellitus (DM) - and in healthy subjects, with a particular interest in physical activity, quality of life, and psychological health. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Postal survey questionnaire to a stratified, random population of 68 460 subjects aged 18-84 years in Sweden. The subjects included were 40-84 years old (n = 43 589) and data were analysed for COPD (n = 526), RA (n = 1120), DM (n = 2149) and healthy subjects (n = 6960). RESULT: Some 84% of subjects with COPD, 74% (RA), 72% (DM), and 60% in healthy subjects (p < 0.001, COPD versus RA, DM, and healthy subjects) had a physical activity level considered too low to maintain good health according to guidelines. Quality of life (EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire, EQ-5D) was lower in COPD and RA than in DM. Anxiety/depression was more common in subjects with COPD (53%) than in those with RA (48%) and DM (35%) (p < 0.001, COPD versus RA and DM), whereas mobility problems were more common in RA (55%) than COPD (48%) and DM (36%) (p < 0.001, RA versus COPD and DM). All differences between groups remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, and socioeconomic background factors. CONCLUSION: Subjects with chronic diseases had a low level of physical activity, most evident in subjects with COPD. COPD and RA had a higher negative impact on quality of life than DM. Our results indicate that increased attention regarding physical inactivity in subjects with chronic diseases is needed to minimize the burden of disease.
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| 2. |
- Gerner, Ulla, 1944-
(författare)
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De sjukskrivna i rehabiliteringsprocessen : hinder och möjligheter
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The background to the thesis is the high rate for sickness absence in Sweden since the end of the 1990s. In an international perspective, the Swedish sickness absence appears exceptionally high. This can appear paradoxical bearing in mind the high standard of living and the high average length of life in Sweden, and there is much to indicate that complex causal correlations are involved.The overall aim of the thesis is to study and analyse the return to work or transition to disability pension, for persons on long-term sick leave from their own perspective. The focus of the thesis is the individual in a social context.The theoretical frame of reference is within medical sociology and is about sickness concepts and models and on medicalisation. The concept of work capacity is also taken up based on the concepts of disability and impairment.The empirical material consists of four studies. Two of these are qualitative interview studies with women. One of them (I) is about Greek women who have been granted Swedish disability pension. The aim of this study is to find explanations why such a large number of Greek women have become disability pensioners in Sweden. The analysis indicated some important factors: the doctors, the family and the social insurance system. The women had unclear psychosomatic complaints, which had been medicalised. The other qualitative study (IV) concerned women who after sick leave and rehabilitation succeeded in returning to work. It was seen to be strong and stubborn women who had to struggle to get back to working life. They had also been well taken care of in rehabilitation.The other two studies (II and III) are quantitative, prospective cohort studies with persons on sick leave with unspecified back and neck complaints. One main aim of one study (III) was to investigate the importance of motivation for rehabilitation and return to work. Two specially designed forms were used. It was seen, among other things that the forecasts of the person on sick leave on return to work coincided quite well with a follow-up two years later. One important result was that those who had undergone rehabilitation measures had returned to work to a much lesser extent than those who had not.Overall, the results showed the importance of listening to the individual and taking their own assessments of obstacles and possibilities in the rehabilitation process into consideration. The results in study III indicated that rehabilitation had not been sufficiently effective and in many cases did not lead to a return to work.
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- Gladman, Dafna D., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical and genetic registries in psoriatic disease
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 35:7, s. 1458-1463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical and genetic registries are an important tool in studying psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). They assist in delineating disease features and are crucial in defining phenotype and identifying genetic and other markers of disease expression. At the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA), members of the clinical registries and genetics committees described several ongoing registries, including their construction, protocols, and some results from their analyses. In breakout groups, members discussed data issues, including identification of core datasets, ownership, and how to share data; and ethical issues and possible sources of funding for registries. Proceedings of these meetings are summarized.
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| 4. |
- Helliwell, Philip S., et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis with disease modifying drugs : comparison of drugs and adverse reactions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 35:3, s. 472-476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Although it seems likely that these conditions have a different pathogenesis, the drugs used to treat them are the same. Our study used a cross-sectional clinical database to compare drug use and side-effect profile in these 2 diseases. METHODS: The CASPAR study collected data on 588 patients with PsA and 536 controls, 70% of whom had RA. Data on disease modifying drug treatments used over the whole illness were recorded, together with their outcomes, including adverse events, for RA and PsA. RESULTS: For both diseases methotrexate (MTX) was the most frequently used disease modifying drug (39% of patients with PsA, 30% with RA), with over 70% of patients in both diseases still taking the drug. Other drugs were used with the following frequencies in PsA and RA, respectively: sulfasalazine 22%/13%, gold salts 7%/11%, antimalarial drugs 5%/14%, corticosteroids 10%/17%, and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs 6%/5%. Compared to RA, cyclosporine and anti-TNF agents were less likely to be ineffective in PsA. Compared to RA, subjects with PsA were less likely to be taking MTX and more likely to be taking anti-TNF agents. Hepatotoxicity with MTX was more common in PsA and pulmonary toxicity with MTX was found more often in RA. CONCLUSION: These data provide insight into prescribing patterns of disease modifying drugs in RA and PsA in a large international cohort, together with the differential adverse events of these drugs between these diseases.
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| 5. |
- Hultman, Glenn, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Vad händer om man tänker tvärtom? : Går det att byta praktikuppgifter mot teoriuppgifter i lärarutbildningen?
- 2009. - 2
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Ingår i: Resultatdialog 2009. - Stockholm : vetenskapsrådet. - 9789173071550 ; , s. 98-104
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utbildningsvetenskap är i dag ett mång- och tvärvetenskapligt forskningsområdesom innesluter alla fakultetsområden samt en rad olika discipliner. Den breddoch de olika perspektiv som finns och som växer fram inom området bidrar tillforskning om utbildningssystem, undervisning, lärandeprocesser och kunskapsbildning,vilket i sin tur ger nya intressanta forskningsresultat.Även i årets redovisning återfinns forskningsresultat från flertalet av de åttaområden som på ett sätt beskriver forskningens bredd:Utbildningshistoria(med inriktning på att beskriva och analysera t.ex. ämnesutvecklingeninom olika utbildningssystem),Utbildningssystem (forskning ombetygs- och urvalssystem, läroplansteori, styrning och ledning, utbildningsekonomi,utbildningspolitik/policy m.m.),Värdefrågor (t.ex. demokrati, etik- ochmoralfrågor, pedagogisk filosofi),Individens och Gruppens lärande (forskningom kunskapsutveckling, IKT, pedagogisk psykologi, utvecklingspsykologi, sociologiskastudier etc.),Didaktik (både allmänna och ämnesspecifika didaktiskafrågeställningar inkl. specialpedagogik),Professioner (lärares arbete och yrkesidentitet,lärarutbildning, skolledares arbete, karriärval och vägledning etc.) samtEffektstudier(forskning om reformers effekter, produktivitet och effektivitet).Varje år startar mellan 30 och 40 nya forskningsprojekt och lika många avslutas.Eftersom projekten är mellan tre och fyra år långa pågår det ca 100–140projekt samtidigt inklusive forskarskolor. För att ta del av vilka projekt som pågåroch som helt eller delvis finansieras av UVK hänvisas till www.vr.se. Underrubriken Nyhetsbrev Utbildningsvetenskap återfinns tematiska sammanställningarav pågående forskning.Varje projekt har en huvudansvarig, men i flertalet projekt finns en forskningsgruppeller ett forskningsnätverk med i genomsnitt ca 10 forskare ochdoktorander involverade. Detta framgår tydligt i flera av årets redovisningar.Denna rapport, som även utgör underlag för Resultatdialog 2009, med Umeåuniversitet som värd, innehåller korta presentationer av nyligen eller mycketsnart avslutade projekt samt hänvisning till forskarnas/forskningsgruppernashemsidor där möjlighet till fördjupad läsning finns.Utbildningsvetenskapliga kommittén vill med denna redovisning medverkatill att dels sprida kunskap om nya forskningsrön, dels öka möjligheten för densom är intresserad att via kontaktlänkar kunna nå olika forskare.
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| 11. |
- Lindqvist, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Insurance and Assurance - Teachers´strategies in the regimes of risk and audit
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Educational Research Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 1474-9041. ; 8:4, s. 508-519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article deals with how the increasing use of notions such as ‘risk awareness' and ‘blame’ in relation to school affects the daily work of Swedish teachers. With the help of empirical excerpts from documents and focus group interviews, the authors provide examples of how the introduction of the risk society and audit cultures encourages the creation of new strategies for coping. Two of these concern the mediation of ‘safe school’ images and preventions in order to avoid future blame. The authors depict them as strategies of assurance and insurance. The increasing handling of these strategies seems to draw attention away from relations to students and actual time spent on teaching. When considering an action, teachers seem to balance the risk of attracting blame against the didactic potential. Finally, the possibility of practices which reflect more positive risk logic is discussed.
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- Lindqvist, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Trygghet bakom staket
- 2009
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Ingår i: Magasinet Neo. ; :Nummer 1, januari/februari 2009
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 26. |
- Lindqvist, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Patients with psoriatic arthritis have an increased number of lymphocytes in the duodenal mucosa in comparison with patients with psoriasis vulgaris
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 33:5, s. 924-927
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is evidence of inflammation in the duodenal mucosa in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and to compare the results with those in patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PsV). METHODS: Nineteen consecutive patients with PsA underwent gastroduodenoscopy, and biopsy specimens were taken from the duodenal and gastric mucosa. In addition to routine processing, the duodenal mucosal specimens were stained for CD3+, CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, tryptase-positive mast cells, and EG2-positive eosinophil granulocytes. The results were compared with those in duodenal mucosal specimens from patients with PsV and patients with irritable bowel syndrome. RESULTS: Compared with PsV patients (without antibodies against gliadin), patients with PsA had a highly significant increase in intraepithelial CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and also in CD4+ lymphocytes in the lamina propria in the villi. The lymphocyte increase was not related to presence of IgA antibodies against gliadin, endomysium, or transglutaminase, or to concomitant gastritis. Patients with PsA and PsV showed a pronounced increase in mast cells and eosinophil granulocytes. CONCLUSION: The increased lymphocyte infiltration in the duodenal mucosa in PsA, but not in PsV, might indicate different pathogenetic mechanisms in these psoriasis variants.
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| 28. |
- Lindqvist, Ulla R., et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish early psoriatic arthritis register--2-year followup : a comparison with early rheumatoid arthritis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 35:4, s. 668-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:Patients with symptoms and signs compatible with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), with or without psoriasis, have been documented in the Swedish Early Psoriatic Arthritis (SwePsA) register. Our aim was to find markers for disease progression and to evaluate treatments for PsA using these data. METHODS: Patients referred to rheumatology outpatient clinics within 2 years of onset were assessed on inclusion and at followup 2 years later. Data collection was performed according to the program for SwePsA, and classification was as described by Moll and Wright and the ClASsification Criteria for Psoriatic ARthritis (CASPAR). Remission was recorded if the patient had no tender or swollen joints and if erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were within the reference range. Patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) recruited from the Swedish Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Register (Ramona) provided comparison data. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-five patients with PsA according to CASPAR were assessed; 44% were classified as having mono/oligoarthritis and 47% as polyarthritis. Two patients (1%) were in remission initially, and 23 (17%) at followup. Patients with polyarticular disease had the highest inflammatory activity, measured by swollen and tender joint counts, ESR, Health Assessment Questionnaire, and self-assessment by visual analog scale of pain and global disease activity. Dactylitis was associated with radiological findings. Compared with RA patients, they had significantly lower CRP, ESR, and number of swollen joints (p = 0.0003, p = 0.0026, p = 0.0380, respectively) at inclusion, but equal numbers of tender joints and self-assessment of pain and disease activity. CONCLUSION: About half the patients had polyarthritis and the other half had mono/oligoarthritis at followup after 2 years. Patients with polyarthritis had the highest inflammatory activity. Apart from ESR, CRP, and swollen joint count, there were no significant differences in activity between RA and polyarticular PsA.
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| 29. |
- Lindqvist, Ulla
(författare)
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Reumatologi : Psoriasisartrit
- 2005
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Ingår i: Reumatologi. - : Studentlitteratur. - 9144036450 ; , s. 435-
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 30. |
- Lönngren, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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The growth factor response in ischemic rat retina and superior colliculus after brimonidine pre-treatment
- 2006
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Ingår i: Brain Research Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0361-9230 .- 1873-2747. ; 71:1-3, s. 208-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The α-2-adrenergic receptor agonist brimonidine has been shown to increase survival of retinal ganglion cells following ischemic injury to the rat retina. Increased expression of growth factors has been suggested to be involved in this action. We investigated expressional changes of growth factors and their receptors following transient retinal ischemia induced by selective ligature of ophthalmic vessels in rats pre-treated with vehicle or 0.5% brimonidine. In addition, analysis of expression in retinal samples following unilateral administration of brimonidine to normal tissue was performed. Tissue samples of retina and superior colliculus were collected at time points between 6 h and 14 days of retinal reperfusion. Analysis of mRNA levels of the ligands BDNF, NT3, CNTF, FGF1, FGF2, FGF9 and HGF; as well as the receptors TrkB, TrkC, p75NTR, CNTFRα, FGFR1, FGFR3, FGFR4 and HGFR were performed using qRT-PCR. The cell specific markers Thy1 and GFAP were analysed. We report transiently increased retinal levels of BDNF, NT3, p75NTR, FGFR1 and HGFR and decreased levels of FGF9, HGF, TrkB, TrkC, FGFR4 and Thy1 following ischemia. The decreases were counteracted by brimonidine. Brimonidine treatment gave an increase in BDNF, NT3 and CNTF levels compared to the vehicle treated group. In superior colliculus increased levels of growth factor mRNA were found. In conclusion, transient ischemia has a profound effect on gene expression in rat retina. Alterations can also be seen in the superior colliculus but are smaller. Brimonidine pre-treatment attenuates an acute injury-induced response by decreasing the expression of several genes, among them p75NTR. Brimonidine also causes a prolonged increase of several growth factors as well as receptors in retina and superior colliculus compared to the ischemic situation. The increased expression of several growth factors represents a coordinated growth factor system response that differs from the ischemia-induced changes and is likely part of the neuroprotective activity that is elicited by BMD pre-treatment.
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| 31. |
- Milosavljevic, Jugoslav, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasound and power Doppler evaluation of the hand and wrist in patients with psoriatic arthritis
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 46:4, s. 374-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of high-resolution and power Doppler sonography in detecting joint and tendon abnormalities in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) of the hands and wrists compared with clinical and radiological findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients with psoriatic arthritis of the hands and wrists and 10 healthy controls were examined with ultrasound (US). The degree of synovial proliferation, tenosynovitis, presence of joint effusion as well as the vascularity of synovial tissue was estimated. US findings were scored using a newly devised scoring system. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients had articular synovial proliferation and/or tenosynovitis/ tendinitis or joint effusion in one or more joints according to US. Twenty-two patients had tendon changes; only five had joint effusion. The synovial, Doppler, and total articular-teno scores were all significantly correlated to the number of swollen joints. The scores, however, did not correlate to other clinical or laboratory measurements of disease activity. CONCLUSION: US proved effective in demonstrating PsA involvement of the hands and wrists and was more sensitive than clinical examination in detecting pathology. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to evaluate whether this can change the traditional approach for assessing involvement of joints and tendons in PsA.
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