| 1. |
- Alvez, Maria Bueno, et al.
(author)
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Next generation pan-cancer blood proteome profiling using proximity extension assay
- 2023
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A comprehensive characterization of blood proteome profiles in cancer patients can contribute to a better understanding of the disease etiology, resulting in earlier diagnosis, risk stratification and better monitoring of the different cancer subtypes. Here, we describe the use of next generation protein profiling to explore the proteome signature in blood across patients representing many of the major cancer types. Plasma profiles of 1463 proteins from more than 1400 cancer patients are measured in minute amounts of blood collected at the time of diagnosis and before treatment. An open access Disease Blood Atlas resource allows the exploration of the individual protein profiles in blood collected from the individual cancer patients. We also present studies in which classification models based on machine learning have been used for the identification of a set of proteins associated with each of the analyzed cancers. The implication for cancer precision medicine of next generation plasma profiling is discussed.
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| 2. |
- Bergquist, Filip, 1970, et al.
(author)
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Motor Efficacy of Subcutaneous DIZ102, Intravenous DIZ101 or Intestinal Levodopa/Carbidopa Infusion
- 2024
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In: MOVEMENT DISORDERS CLINICAL PRACTICE. - 2330-1619.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: It has been suggested that carbidopa at high blood concentrations may counter the therapeutic effect of levodopa in Parkinson's disease by entering the brain and blocking central levodopa conversion to dopamine. We previously demonstrated equivalent plasma levodopa concentration in patients with Parkinson's disease during 16 h of (1) intravenous carbidopa/levodopa (DIZ101) infusion, (2) subcutaneous carbidopa/levodopa (DIZ102) infusion or (3) intestinal carbidopa/levodopa gel infusion. Plasma levels of carbidopa were however approximately four times higher with DIZ101 and DIZ102 than with LCIG, and higher than those usually observed with oral levodopa/carbidopa. Objectives: To investigate if high carbidopa blood concentrations obtained with parenteral levodopa/carbidopa (ratio 8:1) counter the effect of levodopa on motor symptoms. Methods: Eighteen patients with advanced Parkinson's disease were administered DIZ101, DIZ102, and intestinal levodopa/carbidopa gel for 16 h on different days in randomized order. Video recordings of a subset of the motor examination in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) were evaluated by raters blinded for treatment and time. Motor function was also measured using a wrist-worn device monitoring bradykinesia, dyskinesia, and tremor (Parkinson KinetiGraph). Results: There was no tendency for poorer levodopa effect with DIZ101 or DIZ102 as compared to LCIG. Conclusion: Although DIZ101 or DIZ102 causes approximately four times higher plasma carbidopa levels than LCIG, patients responded equally well to all treatments. The results do not indicate that high plasma carbidopa levels hamper the motor efficacy of levodopa.
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| 3. |
- Bergquist, Filip, et al.
(author)
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Pharmacokinetics of Intravenously (DIZ101), Subcutaneously (DIZ102), and Intestinally (LCIG) Infused Levodopa in Advanced Parkinson Disease
- 2022
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In: Neurology. - : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 99:10, s. E965-E976
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and Objectives Intestinal levodopa/carbidopa gel infusion (LCIG) is superior to oral treatment in advanced Parkinson disease. The primary objective of this trial was to investigate whether continuous subcutaneous or intravenous infusion with a continuously buffered acidic levodopa/carbidopa solution yields steady-state plasma concentrations of levodopa that are equivalent in magnitude, and noninferior in variability, to those obtained with LCIG in patients with advanced Parkinson disease. Methods A concentrated acidic levodopa/carbidopa (8:1) solution buffered continuously and administered intravenously (DIZ101) or subcutaneously (DIZ102) was compared with an approved LCIG in a randomized, 3-period crossover, open-label, multicenter trial. Formulations were infused for 16 hours to patients with Parkinson disease who were using LCIG as their regular treatment. Patients were recruited from several university neurology clinics but came to the same phase I unit for treatment. Pharmacokinetic variables and safety including dermal tolerance are reported. The primary outcomes were bioequivalence and noninferior variability of DIZ101 and DIZ102 vs LCIG with respect to levodopa plasma concentrations. Results With dosing adjusted to estimated bioavailability, DIZ101 and DIZ102 produced levodopa plasma levels within standard bioequivalence limits compared with LCIG in the 18 participants who received all treatments. Although the levodopa bioavailability for DIZ102 was complete, it was 80% for LCIG. Therapeutic concentrations of levodopa were reached as quickly with subcutaneous administration of DIZ102 as with LCIG and remained stable throughout the infusions. Owing to poor uptake of LCIG, carbidopa levels in plasma were higher with DIZ101 and DIZ102 than with the former. All individuals receiving any of the treatments (n = 20) were included in the evaluation of safety and tolerability. Reactions at the infusion sites were mild and transient. Discussion It is feasible to rapidly achieve high and stable levodopa concentrations by means of continuous buffering of a subcutaneously administered acidic levodopa/carbidopa-containing solution.
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| 4. |
- Adolfsson, Lars, 1955-, et al.
(author)
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The Adolfsson-Björnsson Activity Scale (ABAS) Improves Description of Patient Characteristics
- 2022
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In: Archives of Clinical and Biomedical Research. - : Fortune Journals. - 2572-5017. ; 06:02, s. 408-417
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and purpose: Age and gender have been regarded important for surgical decision making and used as inclusion criteria for clinical trials. Individual demands and level of activity have been less considered. A self-administered scale, defining subjectively assessed level of activity involving the upper extremities was therefore developed. The primary purpose of this study was to present the scale. Secondarily to investigate its reliability and correlation with age and gender.Patients and Methods: A scale with 8 categories ranging from extremely demanding to non-demanding activities, separated according to hand dominance, was constructed. Reliability testing was performed on 103 healthy individuals of both genders with a wide age range (20-86). 241 patients, median age 58 years (range 18-97), with different upper extremity injuries completed the scale. Participants were instructed to mark activities representative for their normal activity level. Correlation with age and gender was then investigated using Spearman Correlation Coefficient (SCC).Results: The level of activity ranged from 1, corresponding tominimal use of the arm, to 8 defined as elite sports. For test-retest Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was 0.89 for the dominant and 0.90 for the non-dominant arm. Correlations between gender, age and level of activity were weak.Interpretation: The scale was found reliable and feasible to use. Age and gender were weakly correlated with level of activity and patients with low and high activities found in all ages and both genders. The activity scale allows improved description of patients included in clinical trials and can aid in treatment decision making but is primarily not intended for measurement of treatment outcome.
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| 5. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bakker, F. T., et al.
(author)
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The Global Museum: natural history collections and the future of evolutionary science and public education
- 2020
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In: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Natural history museums are unique spaces for interdisciplinary research and educational innovation. Through extensive exhibits and public programming and by hosting rich communities of amateurs, students, and researchers at all stages of their careers, they can provide a place-based window to focus on integration of science and discovery, as well as a locus for community engagement. At the same time, like a synthesis radio telescope, when joined together through emerging digital resources, the global community of museums (the 'Global Museum') is more than the sum of its parts, allowing insights and answers to diverse biological, environmental, and societal questions at the global scale, across eons of time, and spanning vast diversity across the Tree of Life. We argue that, whereas natural history collections and museums began with a focus on describing the diversity and peculiarities of species on Earth, they are now increasingly leveraged in new ways that significantly expand their impact and relevance. These new directions include the possibility to ask new, often interdisciplinary questions in basic and applied science, such as in biomimetic design, and by contributing to solutions to climate change, global health and food security challenges. As institutions, they have long been incubators for cutting-edge research in biology while simultaneously providing core infrastructure for research on present and future societal needs. Here we explore how the intersection between pressing issues in environmental and human health and rapid technological innovation have reinforced the relevance of museum collections. We do this by providing examples as food for thought for both the broader academic community and museum scientists on the evolving role of museums. We also identify challenges to the realization of the full potential of natural history collections and the Global Museum to science and society and discuss the critical need to grow these collections. We then focus on mapping and modelling of museum data (including place-based approaches and discovery), and explore the main projects, platforms and databases enabling this growth. Finally, we aim to improve relevant protocols for the long-term storage of specimens and tissues, ensuring proper connection with tomorrow's technologies and hence further increasing the relevance of natural history museums.
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| 11. |
- Berggren, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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Fish skin microbiomes are highly variable among individuals and populations but not within individuals
- 2022
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In: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fish skin-associated microbial communities are highly variable among populations and species and can impact host fitness. Still, the sources of variation in microbiome composition, and particularly how they vary among and within host individuals, have rarely been investigated. To tackle this issue, we explored patterns of variation in fish skin microbiomes across different spatial scales. We conducted replicate sampling of dorsal and ventral body sites of perch (Perca fluviatilis) from two populations and characterized the variation of fish skin-associated microbial communities with 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. Results showed a high similarity of microbiome samples taken from the left and right side of the same fish individuals, suggesting that fish skin microbiomes can be reliably assessed and characterized even using a single sample from a specific body site. The microbiome composition of fish skin differed markedly from the bacterioplankton communities in the surrounding water and was highly variable among individuals. No ASV was present in all samples, and the most prevalent phyla, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, varied in relative abundance among fish hosts. Microbiome composition was both individual- and population specific, with most of the variation explained by individual host. At the individual level, we found no diversification in microbiome composition between dorsal and ventral body sites, but the degree of intra-individual heterogeneity varied among individuals. To identify how genetic and phenotypic characteristics of fish hosts impact the rate and nature of intra-individual temporal dynamics of the skin microbiome, and thereby contribute to the host-specific patterns documented here, remains an important task for future research.
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| 12. |
- Brunsson, Nils, et al.
(author)
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Hög tid för järnvägsinvesteringar!
- 2020
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In: Plan: Tidskrift för planering av landsbygd och tätorter. - : Föreningen för samhällsplanering. - 0032-0560. ; 75:Höst 2020, s. 71-75:2
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 13. |
- Brunsson, Nils, et al.
(author)
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Nya stambanor räcker inte
- 2020
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In: Klart spår. - 0280-9451. ; 43:1, s. 11-13
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 14. |
- Capo, Eric, et al.
(author)
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Oxygen-deficient water zones in the Baltic Sea promote uncharacterized Hg methylating microorganisms in underlying sediments
- 2022
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In: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 1939-5590 .- 0024-3590. ; 67:1, s. 135-146
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human-induced expansion of oxygen-deficient zones can have dramatic impacts on marine systems and its resident biota. One example is the formation of the potent neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) that is mediated by microbial methylation of inorganic divalent Hg (HgII) under oxygen-deficient conditions. A negative consequence of the expansion of oxygen-deficient zones could be an increase in MeHg production due to shifts in microbial communities in favor of microorganisms methylating Hg. There is, however, limited knowledge about Hg-methylating microbes, i.e., those carrying hgc genes critical for mediating the process, from marine sediments. Here, we aim to study the presence of hgc genes and transcripts in metagenomes and metatranscriptomes from four surface sediments with contrasting concentrations of oxygen and sulfide in the Baltic Sea. We show that potential Hg methylators differed among sediments depending on redox conditions. Sediments with an oxygenated surface featured hgc-like genes and transcripts predominantly associated with uncultured Desulfobacterota (OalgD group) and Desulfobacterales (including Desulfobacula sp.) while sediments with a hypoxic-anoxic surface included hgc-carrying Verrucomicrobia, unclassified Desulfobacterales, Desulfatiglandales, and uncharacterized microbes. Our data suggest that the expansion of oxygen-deficient zones in marine systems may lead to a compositional change of Hg-methylating microbial groups in the sediments, where Hg methylators whose metabolism and biology have not yet been characterized will be promoted and expand.
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| 15. |
- Chang, Jui-Che, et al.
(author)
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HiPIMS-grown AlN buffer for threading dislocation reduction in DC-magnetron sputtered GaN epifilm on sapphire substrate
- 2023
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In: Vacuum. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0042-207X .- 1879-2715. ; 217
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gallium nitride (GaN) epitaxial films on sapphire (Al2O3) substrates have been grown using reactive magnetron sputter epitaxy with a liquid Ga target. Threading dislocations density (TDD) of sputtered GaN films was reduced by using an inserted high-quality aluminum nitride (AlN) buffer layer grown by reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering (R-HiPIMS) in a gas mixture of Ar and N2. After optimizing the Ar/N2 pressure ratio and deposition power, a high-quality AlN film exhibiting a narrow full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) value of the double-crystal x-ray rocking curve (DCXRC) of the AlN(0002) peak of 0.086° was obtained by R-HiPIMS. The mechanism giving rise the observed quality improvement is attributed to the enhancement of kinetic energy of the adatoms in the deposition process when operated in a transition mode. With the inserted HiPIMS-AlN as a buffer layer for direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) GaN growth, the FWHM values of GaN(0002) and (10 1‾ 1) XRC decrease from 0.321° to 0.087° and from 0.596° to 0.562°, compared to the direct growth of GaN on sapphire, respectively. An order of magnitude reduction from 2.7 × 109 cm−2 to 2.0 × 108 cm−2 of screw-type TDD calculated from the FWHM of the XRC data using the inserted HiPIMS-AlN buffer layer demonstrates the improvement of crystal quality of GaN. The result of TDD reduction using the HiPIMS-AlN buffer was also verified by weak beam dark-field (WBDF) cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
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| 16. |
- Dahlborg, Elin, 1990-
(author)
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Grid frequency stability from a hydropower perspective
- 2021
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Many AC grids suffer from decreased frequency stability due to less system inertia. This has increased the risk of large-scale blackouts. This thesis and its papers address the frequency stability problem from a hydropower perspective.Grid frequency stability assessments often require accurate system inertia estimates. One approach is to estimate the inertia of all individual power plants and sum up the results. We implemented three inertia estimation methods on a Kaplan unit and compared their results. The generator contributed with 92-96% of the unit inertia, which verified the results from previous studies. However, the three methods estimated slightly different values for the unit inertia, which raises the question of when to use which method.Hydropower often deliver frequency control, yet we found no studies which validate Kaplan turbine models for large grid frequency disturbances on strong grids. Therefore, we performed frequency control tests on a Kaplan unit, implemented three hydropower models, and compared the simulation results to the measurement data. The models overestimated the change in output power and energy delivered within the first few seconds after a large change in frequency. Thus, it is important to have sufficient stability margin when using these types of hydropower models to assess the grid frequency stability.The Nordic transmission system operators are updating their frequency control requirements. We used measurement data and simulation models to assess whether improved runner blade angle control could help a Kaplan unit fulfill the coming requirements. The results showed that improved runner control does not improve the performance sufficiently for requirements fulfillment. The requirements are based on an assumption on minimum system inertia and became easier to fulfill if they were implemented with more system inertia. Thus, more inertia could allow more participants to deliver frequency control in the Nordic grid.
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| 17. |
- Du, Hao, et al.
(author)
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Corundum-structured AlCrNbTi oxide film grown using high-energy early-arriving ion irradiation in high-power impulse magnetron sputtering
- 2023
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In: Scripta Materialia. - : Elsevier. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 234
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Multicomponent or high-entropy oxide films are of interest due to their remarkable structure and properties. Here, energetic ion irradiation is utilized for controlling the phase formation and structure of AlCrNbTi oxide at growth temperature of 500 degrees C. The ion acceleration is achieved by using a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) discharge, accompanied by a 10 & mu;s-long synchronized substrate bias (Usync), to minimize the surface charging effect and accelerate early-arriving ions, mainly Al+, O+, Ar2+, and Al2+. By increasing the magnitude of Usync from-100 V to-500 V, the film structure changes from amorphous to single-phase corundum, followed by the formation of high-number-density stacking faults (or nanotwins) at Usync =-500 V. This approach paves the way to tailor the high-temperature-phase and defect formation of oxide films at low growth temperature, with prospects for use in protective-coating and dielectric applications.
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| 18. |
- Du, Hao, et al.
(author)
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Evolution of microstructure and properties of TiNbCrAlHfN films grown by unipolar and bipolar high-power impulse magnetron co-sputtering: The role of growth temperature and ion bombardment
- 2023
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In: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 459
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Growth temperature (Ts) and ion irradiation energy (Ei) are important factors that influence film growth as well as their properties. In this study, we investigate the evolution of crystal structure and residual stress of TiNb-CrAlHfN films under various Ts and Ei conditions, where the latter is mainly controlled by tuning the flux of sputtered Hf ions using bipolar high-power impulse magnetron (BP-HiPIMS). The results show that TiNbCrAlHfN films exhibit the typical FCC NaCl-type structure. By increasing Ts from room temperature to 600 degrees C, the film texture changes from high-surface-energy (111) to low-surface-energy (100) accompanied by a higher crystal-linity in the out-of-plane direction and a more disordered growth tilt angle to the surface plane. In addition, compressive stress decreases with increasing Ts, which is ascribed to changes in the film growth both in the early and post-coalescence stages and more tensile thermal stress at elevated Ts. In contrast, a clear texture transition window is seen under various Ei of Hf+ ions, i.e., high-surface-energy planes change to low-surface-energy planes as Ei exceeds-110 eV, while low-surface-energy planes gradually transform back to high-surface-energy planes when Ei increases from 210 to 260 eV, indicating renucleation events for Ei > 210 eV. Compressive stress in-creases with increasing Ei but is still lower than that of a reference series with DC substrate bias UDC =-100 V. The study shows that it is possible to tailor properties of FCC-structured high-entropy nitrides by varying Ts and Ei in a similar fashion to conventional transition metal nitrides using the approach of unipolar and bipolar HiPIMS co-sputtering.
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| 19. |
- Fortin, Elena, et al.
(author)
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Empagliflozin improves insulin sensitivity in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome and newly detected dysglycaemia : Experiences from the randomized, controlled SOCOGAMI trial
- 2023
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In: Cardiovascular Diabetology. - : Springer Nature. - 1475-2840. ; 22:1, s. 208-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Empagliflozin reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and high cardiovascular risk via mechanisms which have not been fully explained. The mechanisms of such benefit have not been fully understood, and whether empagliflozin can be safely administered as first-line treatment in patients with CVD at the initial stages of glycaemic perturbations remains to be established. We investigated the effects of empagliflozin on insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity and β-cell function indexes in patients with a recent acute coronary event and newly detected dysglycaemia, i.e., impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or T2DM. METHODS: Forty-two patients (mean age 67.5 years, 19% females) with a recent myocardial infarction (n = 36) or unstable angina (n = 6) and newly detected dysglycaemia were randomized to either empagliflozin 25 mg daily (n = 20) or placebo (n = 22). Patients were investigated with stress-perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance imaging before randomization, 7 months after the start of study drug and 3 months following its cessation. Indexes of insulin resistance, sensitivity and β-cell function were calculated based on glucose and insulin values from 2-hour oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and fasting C-peptide. The differences in glucose, insulin, C-peptide, mannose levels and indexes between the two groups were computed by repeated measures ANOVA including an interaction term between the treatment allocation and the time of visit. RESULTS: After 7 months, empagliflozin significantly decreased glucose and insulin values during the OGTT, whereas C-peptide, mannose and HbA1c did not differ. Empagliflozin significantly improved insulin sensitivity indexes but did not impact insulin resistance and β-cell function. After cessation of the drug, all indexes returned to initial levels. Insulin sensitivity indexes were inversely correlated with left ventricular mass at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Empagliflozin improved insulin sensitivity indexes in patients with a recent coronary event and drug naïve dysglycaemia. These findings support the safe use of empagliflozin as first-line glucose-lowering treatment in patients at very high cardiovascular risk with newly diagnosed dysglycaemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: EudraCT number 2015-004571-73.
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| 20. |
- Gudmundsson, Magni, et al.
(author)
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Transpulmonary driving pressure during mechanical ventilation-validation of a non-invasive measurement method
- 2020
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In: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 64:2, s. 211-215
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Transpulmonary driving pressure plays an important role in today's understanding of ventilator induced lung injury. We have previously validated a novel non‐invasive method based on stepwise increments of PEEP to assess transpulmonary driving pressure in anaesthetised patients with healthy lungs. The aim of this study was to validate the method in patients who were mechanically ventilated for different diagnoses requiring intensive care. Methods We measured transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) and calculated transpulmonary driving pressure (ΔPtp) in 31 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit. Parallel triplicate measurements were performed with the PEEP step method (PtpPSM) and the conventional oesophageal balloon method (Ptpconv). Their agreement was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland Altman plot. Result The coefficient of variation for the repeated measurements was 4,3 for ΔPtpPSM and 9,2 for ΔPtpconv. The ICC of 0,864 and the Bland Altman plot indicate good agreement between the two methods. Conclusion The non‐invasive method can be applied in mechanically ventilated patients to measure transpulmonary driving pressure with good repeatability and accuracy comparable to the traditional oesophageal balloon method.
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| 21. |
- Gupta, Dhanu, et al.
(author)
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Amelioration of systemic inflammation via the display of two different decoy protein receptors on extracellular vesicles
- 2021
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In: Nature Biomedical Engineering. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Laboratory Medicine. - 2157-846X.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be functionalized to display specific protein receptors on their surface. However, surface-display technology typically labels only a small fraction of the EV population. Here, we show that the joint display of two different therapeutically relevant protein receptors on EVs can be optimized by systematically screening EV-loading protein moieties. We used cytokine-binding domains derived from tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and interleukin-6 signal transducer (IL-6ST), which can act as decoy receptors for the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6, respectively. We found that the genetic engineering of EV-producing cells to express oligomerized exosomal sorting domains and the N-terminal fragment of syntenin (a cytosolic adaptor of the single transmembrane domain protein syndecan) increased the display efficiency and inhibitory activity of TNFR1 and IL-6ST and facilitated their joint display on EVs. In mouse models of systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation and intestinal inflammation, EVs displaying the cytokine decoys ameliorated the disease phenotypes with higher efficacy as compared with clinically approved biopharmaceutical agents targeting the TNF-α and IL-6 pathways.
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| 22. |
- Hoier, Philipp, 1988, et al.
(author)
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Influence of batch-to-batch material variations on grindability of a medium‑carbon steel
- 2022
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In: Journal of Manufacturing Processes. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1526-6125. ; 73, s. 463-470
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study addresses the influence of material variations on the grindability of crankshaft steel. Most previous studies on the effect of material microstructure on grindability involve comparisons of significantly different steel grades. This study, in contrast, is focused on batch-to-batch grindability variations for one steel grade, a scenario frequently occurring in industry where batches from different steel makers are fed into a production line. For this purpose, a batch made of recycled steel and a batch made of ore-based steel were compared with regards to microstructure and grindability under identical grinding and dressing conditions. Although both batches met the same material specifications, microstructural variations were identified in terms of grain size and micro-constituents (inclusions, carbonitrides). While specific grinding energy, residual stress and full-width at half-maximum profiles of ground surfaces were the same for both batches, the recycled batch showed different and unfavorable variation in wheel wear and Barkhausen noise (BN) response. Larger fractions of oxide inclusions and larger grain sizes (affected by carbonitrides) were present in the recycled batch, which were the likely reasons for the differences in wheel wear and BN response, respectively. These findings may aid grindability improvement by steel-grade adjustments, e.g. modification of the distribution and type of inclusions and/or amount of elements forming carbonitrides. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of understanding and controlling material microstructure, as existing in-line quality by BN control may not always be able to correctly indicate surface integrity, which could lead to misinterpretations (e.g. false part-rejection on the assumption of grinding burn). © 2021 The Authors
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| 23. |
- Holmberg, Jonas, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Influence of Local Electropolishing Conditions on Ferritic–Pearlitic Steel on X-Ray Diffraction Residual Stress Profiling
- 2024
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In: Journal of materials engineering and performance (Print). - : Springer. - 1059-9495 .- 1544-1024. ; 33, s. 3682-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Layer removal with electropolishing is a well-established method when measuring residual stress profiles with lab-XRD. This is done to measure the depth impact from processes such as shot peening, heat treatment, or machining. Electropolishing is used to minimize the influence on the inherent residual stresses of the material during layer removal, performed successively in incremental steps to specific depths followed by measurement. Great control of the material removal is critical for the measured stresses at each depth. Therefore, the selection of size of the measurement spot and electropolishing parameters is essential. The main objective in this work is to investigate how different electrolytes and electropolishing equipment affect the resulting surface roughness, geometry, microstructure, and consequently the measured residual stress. A second objective has been to establish a methodology of assessing the acquired electropolished depth. The aim has been to get a better understanding of the influence of the layer removal method on the accuracy of the acquired depth. Evaluation has been done by electropolishing one ground and one shot peened sample of a low-alloy carbon steel, grade 1.1730, with different methods. The results showed a difference in stresses depending on the electrolyte used where the perchloric acid had better ability to retain the stresses compared to the saturated salt. Electropolishing with saturated salt is fast and results in evenly distributed material removal but has high surface roughness, which is due to a difference in electropolishing of the two phases, ferrite, and pearlite. Perchloric acid electropolishing is slower but generates a smooth surface as both ferrite and pearlite have the same material removal rates but may cause an increased material removal for the center of the electropolished area. In this work, it is suggested to use perchloric acid electropolishing for the final layer removal step. © 2023, The Author(s).
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| 24. |
- Holmberg, Jonas, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Predictive Modeling of Induction-Hardened Depth Based on the Barkhausen Noise Signal
- 2023
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In: Micromachines. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-666X. ; 14:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A non-destructive verification method was explored in this work using the Barkhausen noise (BN) method for induction hardening depth measurements. The motive was to investigate the correlation between the hardness depth, microstructure, and the Barkhausen noise signal for an induction hardening process. Steel samples of grade C45 were induction-hardened to generate different hardness depths. Two sets of samples were produced in two different induction hardening equipment for generating the model and verification. The produced samples were evaluated by BN measurements followed by destructive verification of the material properties. The results show great potential for the several BN parameters, especially the magnetic voltage sweep slope signal, which has strong correlation with the hardening depth to depth of 4.5 mm. These results were further used to develop a multivariate predictive model to assess the hardness depth to 7 mm, which was validated on an additional dataset that was holdout from the model training.
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| 25. |
- Honnali, Sanath Kumar, et al.
(author)
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Effect of tilted closed-field magnetron design on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiZrNbTaN coatings
- 2023
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In: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - : A V S AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 41:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A common design of sputtering systems is to integrate many magnetron sources in a tilted closed-field configuration, which can drastically affect the magnetic field in the chamber and thus plasma characteristics. To study this effect explicitly, multicomponent TiZrNbTaN coatings were deposited at room temperature using direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) with different substrate biases. The coatings were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nano-indentation, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Magnetic field simulations revealed ten times higher magnetic field strengths at the substrate in single-magnetron configuration when compared to the closed-field. As a result, the substrate ion current increased similar to 3 and 1.8 times for DCMS and HiPIMS, respectively. The film microstructure changed with the discharge type, in that DCMS coatings showed large sized columnar structures and HiPIMS coatings show globular nanosized structures with (111) orientation with a closed-field design. Coatings deposited from a single source showed dense columnar structures irrespective of the discharge type and developed (200) orientation only with HiPIMS. Coatings deposited with closed-field design by DCMS had low stress (0.8 to -1 GPa) and hardness in the range from 13 to 18 GPa. Use of HiPIMS resulted in higher stress (-3.6 to -4.3 GPa) and hardness (26-29 GPa). For coatings deposited with single source by DCMS, the stress (-0.15 to -3.7 GPa) and hardness were higher (18-26 GPa) than for coatings grown in the closed-field design. With HiPIMS and single source, the stress was in the range of -2.3 to -4.2 GPa with a similar to 6% drop in the hardness (24-27 GPa).
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| 26. |
- Honnali, Sanath Kumar, 1996-
(author)
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Energy-efficient physical vapor deposition of transition metal nitride thin films
- 2024
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis focuses on providing insights into energy-efficient ways of growing protective thin films using physical vapor deposition (PVD) by magnetron sputtering, specifically high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS). This technique involves ionizing the material to be deposited to a high degree. The properties of the film for applications such as protective coatings could thus be controlled by modulating the energy and guiding the ions using electric and magnetic fields, respectively. The multiprincipal element TiZrNbTa nitride system is of interest for its corrosion-resistant coating applications. This material system consists of refractory metals that exhibit different ionic charge states with significant mass contrast. Thus, when sputtered with HiPIMS, the properties of the films strongly depend on the mass and energy of the bombarding metal ions. The transport of these ions to the substrate is influenced by the magnetic field distribution in the chamber. To demonstrate the influence of the magnetron arrangement, the deposition is performed without external heating. Two magnetron arrangements were chosen: a tilted closed-field design with four magnetrons and a single magnetron. The films exhibited different properties depending on the magnetron design used. The single magnetron design induces changes in the preferred orientation of the films from 111 to 200 along with film composition and density. A reduction in residual stress was observed with only a ~6 % degradation in the hardness compared to the closed-field design. I also demonstrate epitaxial growth of TiZrNbTaNx films without external heating. The films were grown with a single magnetron design on single crystal sapphire substrate. Applying a pulsed substrate bias with a long pulse width instead of a constant bias, resulted in low argon (~1 at. %) and oxygen (0.5 at. %) content in the films. In addition, the films exhibited a higher optical absorbance in the near-infrared region than the high-temperature grown films. The total energy consumption for film deposition was reduced by approximately 50 % compared to dc magnetron sputtering (DCMS) at 400°C growth temperature. This reduction is without considering the substrate heating and stabilization phase, which is shorter compared to the industry standard where the entire chamber is heated up to ~500-600°C. These findings are beneficial in designing film growth conditions for energy-efficient processes without compromising film quality. This could also address the challenges of growing high-quality films on temperature-sensitive substrates.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Kaijser, Arne, 1950-, et al.
(author)
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Maktens maskiner : Hur stora datorer moderniserade folkhemmet
- 2024. - 1
-
Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sverige är ett ledande it-land. Grunden till denna ställning lades redan under 1950-, 60- och 70-talen. Den tidens datorer var så stora och dyra att bara mycket resursstarka organisationer kunde skaffa dem: Försvarsmakten, storföretagen och statliga myndigheter. De var maktens maskiner.Stordatorer användes bland annat för att leda stridsflygplan, effektivisera verkstadsproduktion och övervaka landets tågtrafik och kraftsystem. Men också för att hjälpa staten dra in skatter i ett alltmer komplext skattesystem och betala ut nya former av sociala bidrag. Skräddarsydda datorsystem utvecklades för de olika tillämpningarna i ett nära samarbete mellan dataspecialister och specialister på användningsområdena. Datorernas genomslag på allt fler områden väckte även kritik och debatter om integritet, sårbarhet och arbetslivets utarmning.Bokens författare skildrar denna mångfacetterade historia utifrån ett unikt källmaterial och intervjuer med inblandade experter. Vi får bekanta oss med matematikmaskinen Besk, Aseas industrirobotar, försvarets stridsledningssystem och mycket annat som var beroende av avancerad datakraft. Boken ger insikter om det datoriserade samhället, dess styrkor och risker, som är relevanta också idag.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Laban, Danilo, et al.
(author)
-
Storage System Design for Improved Primary Frequency Control From Hydropower Units
- 2023
-
In: IEEE transactions on energy conversion. - : IEEE. - 0885-8969 .- 1558-0059. ; 38:3, s. 1836-1844
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The upcoming modifications to the criteria for providing Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) in the Nordic synchronous area present severe challenges for some hydropower units. By quantifying the difference between the required FCR power response and the actual response provided by the unit, an additional power response from an energy storage system can be specified to augment the hydropower unit, thus securing its participation in FCR in the future. A practical method to control the storage system, by applying a band-pass filter on the negative frequency deviation, is presented in this paper. The method is verified using a set of field measurements from Swedish hydropower units currently providing FCR. It is found that all tested units are able to satisfy the upcoming criteria with the specified storage systems. The optimality of the method is discussed by comparing the storage system power and energy ratings to the theoretical minimum. Obtained power ratings between 3% and 24% of the FCR power, combined with a short storage system duration of up to 2.5 minutes, indicate that the method presents a possible application for high-power and low-energy storage technologies.
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| 31. |
- Lundin, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Risk of Depression Among Young Women With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- 2023
-
In: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 62:6, s. 665-674
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Women with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have an increased risk of becoming teenage mothers. Adverse effects of hormonal contraception (HC), including depression, may affect adherence to user-dependent contraception and increase the risk for unplanned pregnancies and teenage births in women with ADHD. The current study analyzed whether girls and young women with ADHD are at increased risk for depression during HC use compared with women without ADHD.Method: A linkage of Swedish national registers covering 29,767 girls and young women with ADHD aged 15 to 24 years and 763,146 without ADHD provided measures of ADHD and depression diagnoses (International Classification of Diseases [ICD] code) and prescription of stimulant medication, HC, and antidepressant medication (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical [ATC] code). Cox regression models applying an interaction term (ADHD diagnosis x HC use) evaluated the excess risk of HC-induced depression in women with ADHD.Results: Women with ADHD had a 3-fold higher risk of developing depression, irrespective of HC use (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 3.69, 95% CI = 3.60-3.78). Oral combined HC users with ADHD had a 5 times higher risk of depression compared with women without ADHD who were not using oral combined HC (aHR = 5.19, 95% CI = 4.94-5.47), anda 6 times higher risk in comparison with women without ADHD who were on oral combined HC (aHR = 6.10 (95% CI = 5.79-6.43). The corresponding risk of depression in women with ADHD who used a progestogen-only pill (aHR = 5.00, 95% CI = 4.56-5.49). The risk of developing depression when using non-oral HC was similarly moderately increased in both groups.Conclusion: Girls and young women with ADHD have an increased risk of developing depression when using oral HC compared with their un-affected peers. Information on risks with HCs as well as potential benefits with long-acting reversible contraceptives needs to be an integrated part of the shared decision making and contraception counseling for young women with ADHD.
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| 32. |
- Lundin, Evelyn, et al.
(author)
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Cost-effectiveness of robotic hysterectomy versus abdominal hysterectomy in early endometrial cancer
- 2020
-
In: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1048-891X .- 1525-1438. ; 30:11, s. 1719-1725
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives To compare total costs for hospital stay and post-operative recovery between robotic and abdominal hysterectomy in the treatment of early-stage endometrial cancer provided in an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) setting. Costs were evaluated in relation to health impact, taking a societal perspective. Methods Cost analysis was based on data from an open randomized controlled trial in an ERAS setting at a Swedish tertiary referral university hospital: 50 women with low-risk endometrial cancer scheduled for surgery between February 2012 and May 2016 were included; 25 women were allocated to robotic and 25 to abdominal hysterectomy. We compared the total time in the operating theater, procedure costs, post-operative care, length of hospital stay, readmissions, informal care, and sick leave as well as the health-related quality of life until 6 weeks after surgery. The comparison was made by using the EuroQoL group form with five dimensions and three levels (EQ-5D). The primary outcome measure was total cost; secondary outcomes were quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and cost per QALY. The costs were calculated in Swedish Krona (SEK). Results Age (median (IQR) 68 (63-72) vs 67 (59-75) years), duration of hospital stay (ie, time to discharge criteria were met) (median (IQR) 36 (36-36) vs 36 (36-54) hours), and sick leave (median (IQR) 25 (17-30) vs 31 (36-54) days) did not differ between the robotic and abdominal group. Time of surgery was significantly longer in the robotic group than in the abdominal group (median (IQR) 70 (60-90) vs 56 (49-84) min; p<0.05). The robotic group recovered significantly faster as measured by the EQ-5D health index and gained 0.018 QALYs until 6 weeks after surgery. Total costs were 20% higher for the robotic procedure (SEK71 634 vs SEK59 319). The total cost per QALY gained for women in the robotic group was slightly under SEK700 000. Conclusions Robotic hysterectomy used in an ERAS setting in the treatment of early endometrial cancer improved health within 6 weeks after the operation at a high cost for the health gained compared with abdominal hysterectomy. The productivity loss and informal care were lower for robotic hysterectomy, while healthcare had a higher procedure cost that could not be offset by the higher cost due to complications in the abdominal group.
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| 33. |
- Lundin Gurné, Frida, et al.
(author)
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Seeking lifestyle counselling at primary health care centres: a cross-sectional study in the Swedish population
- 2023
-
In: BMC Primary Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2731-4553. ; 24:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Millions of people follow an unhealthy lifestyle in terms of tobacco consumption, hazardous use of alcohol, poor eating habits, and insufficient physical activity. Healthy lifestyles can to a large extent prevent and/or delay progression of non-communicable diseases. Factors influencing persons health-seeking behaviour regarding unhealthy lifestyles are of importance for sustainable health-promotive and disease-preventive work in primary health care. Generally, lifestyle interventions within primary health care are seen as feasible, but rarely reach all members of the general population. Few studies have been conducted about the likelihood among the general population to voluntarily contact a primary health care centre for support regarding lifestyle changes. The present study therefore aimed to investigate the general population’s likelihood of contacting a primary health care centre regarding their lifestyles, and factors associated with a lower such likelihood. Methods: A probability sample of adults living in Sweden (n = 3750) were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey regarding how societal developments affect attitudes and behaviours of the adult Swedish population. Data were collected between September and December 2020. Participants completed a questionnaire about lifestyle changes, and the data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results: The response rate was 52.0% (n = 1 896). Few persons responded that they would be likely to contact a primary health care centre for support regarding their lifestyles. Factors predicting a lower likelihood of contacting primary health care included few yearly visits to a primary health care centre, male sex, and living in a rural area. Conclusions: Primary health care centres are not the first choice for lifestyle counselling for the majority of adults living in Sweden. We have identified factors predicting low likelihood of using the support available at these centres. In order to work with sustainable and visible health-promotive and disease-preventive strategies at primary health care centres, these settings need to find valid methods to involve and collaborate with the members of the general community, to meet the needs of a population struggling with unhealthy lifestyles.
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| 34. |
- Lundin, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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SOdium-glucose CO-transporter inhibition in patients with newly detected Glucose Abnormalities and a recent Myocardial Infarction (SOCOGAMI)
- 2022
-
In: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-8227 .- 1872-8227. ; 193, s. 110141-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis: Established dysglycaemia (impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] or type 2 diabetes [T2DM]) is a risk factor for further cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce this risk. The aim of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis that empagliflozin exerts beneficial effects on myocardial function in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome and newly detected dysglycaemia. Methods: Forty-two patients (mean age 67.5 years, 81 % male) with recent myocardial infarction (n = 36) or unstable angina (n = 6) and newly detected IGT (n = 27) or T2DM (n = 15) were randomised to 25 mg of empagliflozin daily (n = 20) or placebo (n = 22) on top of ongoing therapy. They were investigated with oral glucose tolerance tests, stress-perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and echocardiography at three occasions: before randomisation, after seven months on study drug and three months following cessation of such drug. Primary outcome was a change in left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and secondary outcomes were a change in a) systolic and diastolic LV function; b) coronary flow reserve; c) myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) in non-infarcted myocardium; d) aortic pulse wave velocity. Results: Empagliflozin induced a significant decrease in fasting and post load glucose (p < 0.05) and body weight (p < 0.01). Empagliflozin did not influence LVEDV, LV systolic or mass indexes, coronary flow reserve, ECV or aortic pulse wave velocity. Echocardiographic indices of LV diastolic function (E/e' and mitral E/A ratio) were not influenced. No safety concerns were identified. Conclusions/interpretation: Empagliflozin had predicted effects on the dysglycaemia but did not influence vari-ables expressing LV function, coronary flow reserve and ECV. An explanation may be that the LV function of the patients was within the normal range.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Lundin, Per, 1971
(author)
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Gunnar Wetterberg, Ingenjörerna (Stockholm: Bonniers, 2020)
- 2021
-
In: Respons: Recensionstidskrift för humaniora & samhällsvetenskap. - 2001-2292. ; 2021:1, s. 53-55
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- När de tekniska framstegen skildras får ingenjören ofta stå i skuggan av karismatiska vetenskapsmän och entreprenörer. Detta vill Gunnar Wetterberg rätta till med sin nya, populärt hållna bok, i vilken han undersöker ingenjörskonstens och ingenjörskårens betydelse ur ett historiskt perspektiv. Han betecknar ingenjörerna som modernitetens förlossare och vill lära oss att se ingenjören som en hjälte. Berättarstilen är engagerande och faktafelen obefintliga, men att Wetterberg bygger sin framställning på den teknikhistoriska forskning som växt fram de senaste decennierna leder till att det som hänt efter 1950 behandlas mer rapsodiskt. Det medför att de militära behovens roll för teknikutveckling under denna period underskattas.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Lundin, Per, 1971
(author)
-
Katrine Marçal, Att uppfinna världen: Hur historiens största feltänk satte käppar i hjulet (Stockholm: Mondial, 2020)
- 2021
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In: Respons: Recensionstidskrift för humaniora & samhällsvetenskap. - 2001-2292. ; :2, s. 64-65
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Katrine Marçals nya bok handlar om hur idéer om manligt och kvinnligt formar vårt tänkande om teknik. De påverkar vilka maskiner vi bygger och vilken framtid vi kan föreställa oss. Att den bensindrivna bilen skulle bli den vinnande lösningen var till exempel inte alls givet. De tidiga elbilarna var tysta och bekväma, men uppfattades som feminina. Marçal är en mästerlig pedagog som visar att det går att skriva enkelt om svåra saker och hon lär oss med besked att upprätthållandet av en viss idé om manlighet och kvinnlighet har drivit den tekniska utvecklingen i en viss riktning. Men ibland förenklar hon alltför mycket.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Lundin, Per, 1971
(author)
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Mariana Mazzucato, Sikta mot stjärnorna: Hur uppdragsdriven innovation kan förändra kapitalismen (Stockholm: Verbal, 2021)
- 2021
-
In: Respons : recensionstidskrift för humaniora & samhällsvetenskap. - 2001-2292. ; :4, s. 46-48
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Enligt en dominerande ekonomisk teori bör staten ägna sig åt grundforskning och låta näringslivet ta hand om tillämpningarna. Detta synsätt vill ekonomen Mariana Mazzucato göra upp med i sin nya bok. De statliga satsningarna har varit avgörande för teknikutvecklingen under efterkrigstiden. Utifrån det gigantiska amerikanska Apolloprojektet vill hon visa att satsningar av detta slag är en kollektiv nyttighet, som främjar en rad innovationer, vilkas värde för ekonomin som helhet är mycket större än kostnaden för projektet. Vi måste återknyta till detta, menar Mazzucato, eftersom kapitalismen i dag har nått vägs ände.
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| 43. |
- Lundin, Per, 1971
(author)
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The limits of academization: agricultural policy and the shaping of Swedish higher agricultural education during the interwar and war years
- 2023
-
In: Agricultural History Review. - 0002-1490. ; 71:2, s. 234-257
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article examines the shaping of agricultural higher education in Sweden during the interwar and war years. More specifically, it conveys the conflicting views on the training of agronomists expressed in discussions that informed the 1932 decision to establish the Agricultural University College and, later, the shaping of the agricultural degree curriculum. It demonstrates that agricultural policy had a decisive influence on the outcome. Of particular importance was the smallholding policy; a set of government measures that emerged around the turn of the twentieth century, aimed at improving conditions for smallholders. Its advocates acknowledged the critical role of agronomists in enlightening, educating and advising smallholders. A modernization of agriculture that centred on small-scale farming, they argued, needed agronomists with a practice-orientated and all-round training. Thus, they successfully checked the attempts to introduce a science-orientated and university-like instruction in agricultural higher education. When it came to training agronomists, academization had its limits.
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| 44. |
- Luo, Zhengkang, et al.
(author)
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Interleukin-35 Prevents Development of Autoimmune Diabetes Possibly by Maintaining the Phenotype of Regulatory B Cells
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 22:23
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The anti-inflammatory role of regulatory B cells (Breg cells) has been associated with IL-35 based on studies of experimental autoimmune uveitis and encephalitis. The role of Breg cells and IL-35(+) Breg cells for type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains to be investigated. We studied PBMCs from T1D subjects and healthy controls (HC) and found lowered proportions of Breg cells and IL-35(+) Breg cells in T1D. To elucidate the role of Breg cells, the lymphoid organs of two mouse models of T1D were examined. Lower proportions of Breg cells and IL-35(+) Breg cells were found in the animal models of T1D compared with control mice. In addition, the systemic administration of recombinant mouse IL-35 prevented hyperglycemia after multiple low dose streptozotocin (MLDSTZ) injections and increased the proportions of Breg cells and IL-35(+) Breg cells. A higher proportion of IFN-gamma(+) cells among Breg cells were found in the PBMCs of the T1D subjects. In the MLDSTZ mice, IL-35 administration decreased the proportions of IFN-gamma(+) cells among the Breg cells. Our data illustrate that Breg cells may play an important role in the development of T1D and that IL-35 treatment prevents the development of hyperglycemia by maintaining the phenotype of the Breg cells under an experimental T1D condition.
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| 45. |
- Malmström, Mikael, PhD, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Non-destructive ultrasonic measurement of residual stress in metallic materials
- 2024
-
In: Proceedings of 20th WCNDT. - Incheon, South Korea : KSNT.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Residual stresses in metallic materials occur to a varying degree depending on the process stages and different process parameters. The residual stresses may become problematic not only when the material is further processed down-stream in the value chain, but also affects the performance of the final product negatively due to impaired fatigue properties. Today there is no measuring technique that is fast, reliable, and robust enough to measure the residual stresses, which impede process developments due to that no feedback to the operators is available. The overall purpose of the project is to develop a new measuring technique for detection of varying levels of residual stress in the material, which would lead to a drastically increased knowledge on how different processes and parameters affects the final stress state. By using a non-destructive method suited for on-line monitoring, the dynamic changes can be evaluated and enable real-time feedback to the operators. This will be achieved by developing a model that correlates the birefringence in ultrasonic data to the stress level and applied as an electro-magnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) based on-line measurements demonstrator, in the steel works environment. The non-contact EMAT probe will be installed close to the plate leveling to measure the ultrasonics response before and after leveling. The results from this on-line measurement campaign will be presented.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Nyström, Bo, et al.
(author)
-
Are degenerative spondylolisthesis and further slippage postoperatively really issues in spinal stenosis surgery?
- 2020
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Pain. - : WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH. - 1877-8860 .- 1877-8879. ; 20:2, s. 307-317
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and aims: Opinions diverge concerning the prognostic importance of preoperative degenerative spondylolisthesis in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, as well as the significance of further slippage post-operatively following decompression alone. However, a slip is only one among several factors related to the topic, e.g. duration and intensity of back and leg pain, pre-operative walking ability, number of levels operated and not least the experience of the surgeon. Our aim was to take all of the above-mentioned factors into consideration when analysing the patients' clinical outcome, reported as Change in back pain, Change in leg pain, Overall satisfaction and Change in walking ability, with special emphasis on the possible importance of pre- and/or post-operative degenerative spondylolisthesis. Methods: We studied 200 consecutive patients, mean follow-up time 81 months (range 62-108). Before treatment and on the follow-up occasion all patients answered the SF-36 questionnaire and assessed their back and leg pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS). At follow-up the patients were asked about possible changes in back and leg pain (completely free, much better, somewhat better, unchanged, somewhat worse, much worse) and whether they were; satisfied with the outcome, in doubt or not satisfied. Before treatment and at follow-up the presence or not of degenerative spondylolisthesis was determined in the lateral view on a plain X-ray or MRI. By use of a microsurgical technique decompression was achieved in all patients by bilateral laminotomy not sparing the midline ligaments, irrespective of a degenerative spondylolisthesis or not. Eight surgeons with different surgical experience performed the operations. Four separate multivariate analyses were conducted, one for each clinical outcome. The Lasso method was used for variable selection and multiple imputation was applied to handle missing values. Results: At follow-up 78.5% of the patients were completely satisfied with the outcome. Minimal clinical important difference (MCID) was achieved for 69% of the patients. Before surgery 28 patients were able to walk more than 1 km compared to 111 at follow-up. The reoperation rate at 6.8 years was 12% further decompressions and 2.5% fusions at the index level. Post-operative slippage was equally common in patients with and without a preoperative slip (around 30%). There were no notable differences in outcome in patients with and without a preoperative slip and no effect of further slippage at the index or another level post-operatively. Nor could the statistical analysis show any of the other covariates (age, gender, duration and intensity of back and leg pain, pre-operative walking ability or number of levels operated) to be of statistically significant importance for predicting the outcome. In the univariate statistical analysis differences were found between the patients of individual surgeons regarding satisfaction, pain improvement, and reoperation rates in favour of surgical experience, which were, however, not statistically significant in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: None of the covariates, including pre-operative spondylolisthesis and further slippage post-operatively, were statistically significant for predicting the clinical outcome. Implication: Our results provide no evidence for adding fusion to the decompression.
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| 48. |
- Pettersson, Beatrice, et al.
(author)
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Effectiveness of a self-managed digital exercise programme to prevent falls in older community-dwelling adults : study protocol for the Safe Step randomised controlled trial
- 2020
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In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 10:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Exercise interventions have a strong evidence base for falls prevention. However, exercise can be challenging to implement and often has limited reach and poor adherence. Digital technology provides opportunities for both increased access to the intervention and support over time. Further knowledge needs to be gained regarding the effectiveness of completely self-managed digital exercise interventions. The main objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of a self-managed digital exercise programme, Safe Step, in combination with monthly educational videos with educational videos alone, on falls over 1 year in older community-dwelling adults.Methods and analysis: A two-arm parallel randomised controlled trial will be conducted with at least 1400 community-living older adults (70+ years) who experience impaired balance. Participants will be recruited throughout Sweden with enrolment through the project website. They will be randomly allocated to either the Safe Step exercise programme with additional monthly educational videos about healthy ageing and fall prevention, or the monthly education videos alone. Participants receiving the exercise intervention will be asked to exercise at home for at least 30 min, 3 times/week with support of the Safe Step application. The primary outcome will be rate of falls (fall per person year). Participants will keep a fall calendar and report falls at the end of each month through a digital questionnaire. Further assessments of secondary outcomes will be made through self-reported questionnaires and a self-test of 30 s chair stand test at baseline and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after study start. Data will be analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle.Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval was obtained by The Regional Ethical Review Board in Umeå (Dnr 2018/433-31). Findings will be disseminated through the project web-site, peer-reviewed journals, national and international conferences and through senior citizen organisations’ newsletters.Trial registration number: NCT03963570.
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| 49. |
- Robba, Chiara, et al.
(author)
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Oxygen targets and 6-month outcome after out of hospital cardiac arrest : a pre-planned sub-analysis of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) trial
- 2022
-
In: Critical Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1364-8535 .- 1466-609X. ; 26, s. 1-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Optimal oxygen targets in patients resuscitated after cardiac arrest are uncertain. The primary aim of this study was to describe the values of partial pressure of oxygen values (PaO2) and the episodes of hypoxemia and hyperoxemia occurring within the first 72 h of mechanical ventilation in out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. The secondary aim was to evaluate the association of PaO2 with patients’ outcome. Methods: Preplanned secondary analysis of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after OHCA (TTM2) trial. Arterial blood gases values were collected from randomization every 4 h for the first 32 h, and then, every 8 h until day 3. Hypoxemia was defined as PaO2 < 60 mmHg and severe hyperoxemia as PaO2 > 300 mmHg. Mortality and poor neurological outcome (defined according to modified Rankin scale) were collected at 6 months. Results: 1418 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 64 ± 14 years, and 292 patients (20.6%) were female. 24.9% of patients had at least one episode of hypoxemia, and 7.6% of patients had at least one episode of severe hyperoxemia. Both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia were independently associated with 6-month mortality, but not with poor neurological outcome. The best cutoff point associated with 6-month mortality for hypoxemia was 69 mmHg (Risk Ratio, RR = 1.009, 95% CI 0.93–1.09), and for hyperoxemia was 195 mmHg (RR = 1.006, 95% CI 0.95–1.06). The time exposure, i.e., the area under the curve (PaO2-AUC), for hyperoxemia was significantly associated with mortality (p = 0.003). Conclusions: In OHCA patients, both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia are associated with 6-months mortality, with an effect mediated by the timing exposure to high values of oxygen. Precise titration of oxygen levels should be considered in this group of patients. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT02908308, Registered September 20, 2016.
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- Robba, Chiara, et al.
(author)
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Ventilatory settings in the initial 72 h and their association with outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients : a preplanned secondary analysis of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (TTM2) trial
- 2022
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In: Intensive Care Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0342-4642 .- 1432-1238. ; 48:8, s. 1024-1038
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The optimal ventilatory settings in patients after cardiac arrest and their association with outcome remain unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the ventilatory settings applied in the first 72 h of mechanical ventilation in patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and their association with 6-month outcomes. Methods: Preplanned sub-analysis of the Target Temperature Management-2 trial. Clinical outcomes were mortality and functional status (assessed by the Modified Rankin Scale) 6 months after randomization. Results: A total of 1848 patients were included (mean age 64 [Standard Deviation, SD = 14] years). At 6 months, 950 (51%) patients were alive and 898 (49%) were dead. Median tidal volume (VT) was 7 (Interquartile range, IQR = 6.2–8.5) mL per Predicted Body Weight (PBW), positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was 7 (IQR = 5–9) cmH20, plateau pressure was 20 cmH20 (IQR = 17–23), driving pressure was 12 cmH20 (IQR = 10–15), mechanical power 16.2 J/min (IQR = 12.1–21.8), ventilatory ratio was 1.27 (IQR = 1.04–1.6), and respiratory rate was 17 breaths/minute (IQR = 14–20). Median partial pressure of oxygen was 87 mmHg (IQR = 75–105), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 40.5 mmHg (IQR = 36–45.7). Respiratory rate, driving pressure, and mechanical power were independently associated with 6-month mortality (omnibus p-values for their non-linear trajectories: p < 0.0001, p = 0.026, and p = 0.029, respectively). Respiratory rate and driving pressure were also independently associated with poor neurological outcome (odds ratio, OR = 1.035, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.003–1.068, p = 0.030, and OR = 1.005, 95% CI = 1.001–1.036, p = 0.048). A composite formula calculated as [(4*driving pressure) + respiratory rate] was independently associated with mortality and poor neurological outcome. Conclusions: Protective ventilation strategies are commonly applied in patients after cardiac arrest. Ventilator settings in the first 72 h after hospital admission, in particular driving pressure and respiratory rate, may influence 6-month outcomes.
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