| 1. |
- Bender, A., et al.
(author)
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Inactivated influenza virus, when presented on dendritic cells, elicits human CD8+ cytolytic T cell responses.
- 1995
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In: Journal of Experimental Medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 0022-1007 .- 1540-9538. ; 182:6, s. 1663-1671
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inactivated or subunit virus preparations have been excellent vaccines for inducing antibody responses. Generation of cytolytic T cell responses, however, is thought to require replicating virus, primarily to provide sufficiently large amounts of cytoplasmic proteins for processing and presentation on major histocompatibility complex class I molecules by antigen-presenting cells. Potent human CD8+ cytolytic T cell responses to live replicating influenza A virus are generated when dendritic cells are used as the antigen-presenting cells. Here, we demonstrate that dendritic cells pulsed with poorly replicating, heat- or ultraviolet-inactivated influenza virus, induce equally strong CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocyte responses. The cytotoxic T lymphocytes are generated in the apparent absence of CD4+ helper cells or exogenous cytokines. Active viral protein synthesis is not required to charge class I molecules on dendritic cells. When pulsed with inactivated virus, < 1% of dendritic cells express nonstructural protein 1, which is only synthesized in the infectious cycle. To be optimally effective, however, the inactivated virus must retain its fusogenic activity, and presumably access the cytoplasm of dendritic cells. The data indicate, therefore, that dendritic cells require only small amounts of viral protein to charge class I molecules, most likely via traditional class I processing pathways. These results reopen the potential use of inactivated virus preparations as immunogens for cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses.
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| 2. |
- Bergström, T, et al.
(author)
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[Gene amplification in viral CNS infections. Rapid diagnostic identification of herpesviruses]. : Genamplifiering vid virala CNS-infektioner. Snabb diagnostik av herpesgruppens virus.
- 1995
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In: Lakartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 92:5, s. 427-32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- DNA amplification with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used as a diagnostic test on cerebrospinal fluid samples in cases where herpesvirus infection of the central nervous system (CNS) was suspected. During the period, 1992-93, 47 (8.9%) of 528 patients tested were positive for one or another of the following herpesviruses: herpes simplex virus type 1 (n = 16) or type 2 (n = 9), cytomegalovirus (n = 16), varicella-zoster virus (n = 4), or Epstein-Barr virus (n = 2). The study showed PCR to be a rapid and useful diagnostic method in clinical routine, enabling early antiviral intervention in several cases with an atypical clinical picture. Moreover, cytomegalovirus was found to be an important CNS pathogen in addition to herpes simplex virus, especially during childhood.
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| 3. |
- Brockstedt, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Vertical field MR imaging of upper thorax and spine in small children. Evaluation of a new surface coil
- 1993
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In: Acta Radiologica. - 1600-0455. ; 34:6, s. 549-553
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To improve image quality in a vertical field MR imaging unit, operating at low field strength (0.3 T), we have designed a half-elliptical coil for use in the upper thoracic region of small children. Our intention was also to shorten the examination time, which until now has been long, because several scans with different coils have been necessary to cover the thoracic region. The experimental coil is designed so that a child's shoulders fit into the central region. The coil consists of 2 serially connected cable-loops, mounted on a foam rubber vest. The coil performance was tested in a phantom and improvements relative to standard coils were demonstrated in in vivo studies. The results indicate that by using the half-elliptical coil, the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio can be improved by a factor of 2 to 3 in the thoracic region of a child.
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| 4. |
- Costello Daly, C, et al.
(author)
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Validation of the WHO diagnostic algorithm and development of an alternative scoring system for the management of women presenting with vaginal discharge in Malawi
- 1998
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In: Sexually Transmitted Infections. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1368-4973 .- 1472-3263. ; 74:Suppl 1, s. S50-S58
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the WHO algorithm for the detection of cervical infection in women presenting with vaginal discharge and modify the risk assessment score for optimum effectiveness in Malawi.METHODS: 550 consecutive women presenting with non-ulcerative genitourinary complaints were interviewed and examined. Cervical infection was defined as presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on culture and/or Chlamydia trachomatis by EIA. Other laboratory investigations included wet mount microscopy, serology for syphilis and HIV, LED testing of cervical and vaginal secretions, and pH testing of vaginal fluid. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values (PPV) of different algorithms were determined in the analysis.RESULTS: Cervical infection was identified in 19.5% of women (17.1% gonorrhoea, 3.7% chlamydial infection). The sensitivity/specificity/PPV of the WHO risk assessment were 43%/73%/28%, respectively by history and 62%/61%/27% with the addition of speculum examination. Using Malawi results to modify the risk assessment improved the performance to 61%/68%/31% respectively by history alone, which increased to 73%/64%/33% with bimanual examination and 72%/56%/29% with speculum examination.CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of the WHO risk assessment is low for the detection of cervical infection in Malawi. Although the Malawi risk assessment performed somewhat better on history alone, this study identified external and bimanual examination variables that improved the diagnostic performance of the algorithm in settings where speculum examination is not possible. Although the PPVs of the algorithms are low, country specific risk assessments can provide a framework for management until simple, affordable diagnostic tests for the definitive diagnosis of cervical infection are available.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Fällman, Ann-Marie
(author)
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Characterisation of residues : Release of contaminants from slags and ashes
- 1997
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Residues from industrial processes as well as from energy production utilities have in many cases properties similar to geological materials. They can be used as filling and construction materials if the net environmental impact and the technical properties are acceptable. Generally, the impact of the leachates has been the major environmental concern. This thesis focus on leaching from slags (blast furnace and steel slag) and ashes (municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash and wood ash) and specifically on the aspects of leaching processes in laboratory tests, differences in leaching behaviour between laboratory and field conditions, and possible interfaces between leaching under different specified conditions.Solubility controlled leaching was predicted already after short exposure times in batch tests (less than 6 hours). It is proposed that solubility controlled concentrations should be used as one end point in batch leaching tests. Leaching by diffusion from granular material was also demonstrated in batch test. Both these leaching mechanisms can be studied in a factorial design of batch tests with the parameters grain size, LIS ratio and leaching time. In addition, a diffusion model for spherical particles considering the actual grain size distribution is needed. The potential leachability, determined by the proposed availability test, appeared to correspond to a depletion of the matrix of the substances released at an effective diffusivity (De) greater orequal to 10-15 m2/s.There was a correspondence between leached amounts in laboratory (column) and lysimeter tests for many substances. Concentrations of other substances reflected the change in pH, oxidation or complexing capacity and did not correlate with laboratory tests results. Field test leachates generally held a pH at a level around 8.4 (representative of a CaCO3 bufferedsystem), irrespectively of the pH found in laboratory tests. Exceptions were found due to the amounts of fines, which reflected the degree of water saturation in the field situation, and also due to oxidation of sulphides. The pH dependency of the leaching process was different for the various materials and the lysimeter leachate concentrations did not fully reflect the pH-dependent solubility identified in the laboratory.Solubility controlled concentrations was predicted for barium and chromium in the leachates from steel slag, both in laboratory and field tests. It was anticipated that secondary solids may form and control the leachate concentrations from these residues.The thesis consists of a framework and seven appended papers addressing the topics above.
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| 7. |
- Heo, S J, et al.
(author)
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Stability measurements of craniofacial implants by means of resonance frequency analysis. A clinical pilot study.
- 1998
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In: The Journal of laryngology and otology. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0022-2151 .- 1748-5460. ; 112:6, s. 537-42
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nineteen patients previously treated with 52 implants for anchorage of craniofacial prostheses were subjected to implant stability measurements by means of resonance frequency analysis (RFA), six months to 15 years after implant placement. The resonance frequency (RF) of a transducer attached to the implant abutment was measured by using a frequency response analyser, a personal computer (PC) and dedicated software. Statistically significant higher RF values were seen for implants in the temporal bone as compared to implants in the nose and periorbital regions. There was a positive correlation with time since implant placement for the period from six months up to seven years. It was concluded that the preliminary results suggest that implant stability increases with time and that implants in temporal bone are more stable than implants in the bone in the nose and periorbital regions, probably reflecting differences in bone density.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Walkenström, Pernilla, et al.
(author)
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Effects of fluid shear and temperature on whey protein gels, pure or mixed with xanthan
- 1998
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In: Food Hydrocolloids. - 0268-005X .- 1873-7137. ; 12:4, s. 469-479
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effects of shear on whey protein isolate (WPI) gels, pure or mixed with xanthan, have been investigated at pH 5.4 by dynamic oscillatory measurements and light microscopy (LM). The shear was performed on the suspensions under a constant stress of between 0.04 and 2.1Pa. Various temperature conditions were chosen in order to describe the effects of shear at the different states of aggregation of the WPI. Shear-sensitive aggregation phenomena were already found around 40°C for the pure WPI samples. Continuous shearing during heating from 20 to 40°C, prior to heat treatment at 90°C, resulted in a gel with a storage modulus (G?) half that of the unsheared gel, independent of the shear stress. Continuous shearing during heating from 20 to 76°C resulted in a further decrease in G?. Inhomogeneities arose in networks formed from continuously sheared suspensions during heating from 20 to 50°C and above. Depending on the shear stress and on the heating range of the shear, the networks showed areas of varied compactness and different classes of pores, ranging from 10 to 200?m. A higher G?, compared to that for the unsheared gel, was found for gels subjected to shear for short periods in the vicinity of the gel point. The presence of xanthan inhibited the aggregation and demixing of the WPI, described as a sterical phenomenon. Under static conditions, the presence of xanthan resulted in a more homogeneous WPI network. Exposing the mixed suspensions to shear generally increased the inhomogeneity of the network structure. Short periods of shearing in the vicinity of the gel point affected the kinetics of the gel formation and resulted in gels with higher G? values than the unsheared gel. Continuous shearing under stresses below 0.09Pa, during heating from 20 to 60°C and above, also resulted in gels with an increased G?. Continuous shear under stresses above 0.9Pa resulted in gels with a decreased G?.
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| 11. |
- Witzgall, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Sex pheromones and attractants in the Eucosmini and Grapholitini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)
- 1996
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In: Chemoecology. - : Springer. - 0937-7409 .- 1423-0445. ; 7:1, s. 13-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The geometric isomers (E, E)-, (E, Z)-, (Z, E)-, and (Z, Z)-8, 10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate were identified as sex pheromone components or sex attractants in the tribes Eucosmini and Grapholitini of the tortricid subfamily Olethreutinae. Species belonging to the more ancestral Tortricinae were not attracted. Each one isomer was behaviourally active in males of Cydia and Grapholita (Grapholitini), either as main pheromone compound, attraction synergist or attraction inhibitor. Their reciprocal attractive/antagonistic activity in a number of species enables specific communication with these four compounds. Pammene, as well as other Grapholita and Cydia responded to the monoenic 8- or 10-dodecen-1-yl acetates. Of the tribes Olethreutini and Eucosmini, Hedya, Epiblema, Eucosma, and Notocelia trimaculana were also attracted to 8, 10-dodecadien-1-yl acetates, but several other Notocelia to 10, 12-tetradecadien-1-yl acetates. The female sex pheromones of C. fagiglandana, C. pyrivora, C. splendana, Epiblema foenella and Notocelia roborana were identified. (E, E)- and (E, Z)- 8, 10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate are produced via a common E9 desaturation pathway in C. splendana. Calling C. nigricana and C. fagiglandana females are attracted to wingfanning males.
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