| 1. |
- Berglund, Per, et al.
(author)
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Switched enantiopreference of Humicola lipase for 2-phenoxyalkanoic acid ester homologs can be rationalized by different substrate binding modes
- 1999
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In: Tetrahedron. - 0957-4166 .- 1362-511X. ; 10:21, s. 4191-4202
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Humicola lanuginosa lipase was used for enantioselective hydrolyses of a series of homologous 2-phenoxyalkanoic acid ethyl esters. The enantioselectivity (E-value) of the enzyme changed from an (R)-enantiomer preference for the smallest substrate, 2-phenoxypropanoic acid ester, to an (S)-enantiomer preference for the homologous esters with longer acyl moieties. The E-values span the range from E=13 (R) to E=56 (S). A molecular modeling study identified two different substrate-binding modes for each enantiomer. We found that the enantiomers favored different modes. This discovery provided a model that offered a rational explanation for the observed switch in enantioselectivity. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Andreyev, Oleg A., et al.
(author)
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Privatization of municipal property in Murmansk
- 1995
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In: Polar Geography. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1088-937X .- 1939-0513. ; 19:2, s. 88-106
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents the results of a pilot study of privatization of municipal property in the Russian North based on data from the Murmansk city government. After a general overview of the process in Russia and Murmansk city, the paper outlines a number of positive and negative aspects of the privatization of city-owned enterprises on the basis of interviews conducted with the management of the newly privatized enterprises.
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| 5. |
- Ehinger, Mats, et al.
(author)
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p53-dependent and -independent differentiation of leukemic U-937 cells : relationship to cell cycle control
- 1998
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In: Experimental Hematology. - 1873-2399. ; 26:11, s. 52-1043
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Observations based on overexpression of the suppressor gene p53 or interference with endogenous p53 support a role for p53 in mediating not only growth inhibition and apoptosis but also differentiation. The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanisms of p53-dependent differentiation in the monoblastic leukemia cell line U-937. These cells were transfected with a mutant of the p53 gene expressing wild-type p53 at a permissive temperature. The results showed that wild-type p53 and interferon (IFN)-gamma were able to work synergistically to promote differentiation. This cooperative response was not associated with early G1 arrest of the cell cycle, indicating that p53 can mediate differentiation by mechanisms other than those used for mediating G1 arrest. The differentiation response to transfected p53 with or without INF-gamma was inhibited by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-inducing agents (dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate, forskolin, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the differentiation response of p53-negative U-937 cells to 1,25-dihydroxychole-calciferol or all-trans retinoic acid was enhanced by cAMP-inducing agents at optimal concentrations and inhibited at higher concentrations. In addition, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-mediated differentiation could be achieved in cells arrested in G1 by concomitant incubation with cAMP-inducing agents, indicating that differentiation can occur in the absence of proliferation. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that p53-dependent and -independent differentiation can occur independently of cell cycle regulation.
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| 8. |
- Furmark, Tomas, et al.
(author)
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Social phobia in the general population: prevalence and sociodemographic profile
- 1999
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In: SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY. - : DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG. - 0933-7954. ; 34:8, s. 416-424
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The present study examined the prevalence of social phobia in the Swedish general population and demographic characteristics associated with this anxiety disorder. Methods: Data were obtained by means of a postal survey administrated to 2000
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| 17. |
- Roth, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Biochemical and ultra-structural reactions to parenteral nutrition with two different fat emulsions in rats
- 1998
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In: Intensive Care Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0342-4642 .- 1432-1238. ; 24:7, s. 716-724
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects on fat metabolism and Kupffer cell morphology by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with two different fat emulsions. DESIGN: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into three groups, were investigated. Rats fed orally were used as a reference group, and a group of rats receiving TPN with fat emulsions containing pure long-chain triglycerides (LCT) was compared to a group of rats receiving fat emulsions containing both long-chain triglycerides and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT/LCT). The TPN regimens were equicaloric and administered continuously via a jugular catheter for 10 days. INTERVENTIONS: After suffocation, blood of the rats was collected for the determination of serum lipids. Epididymal fat and heart were collected for the analysis of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities, and liver specimens were saved for analyses of hepatic triglyceride concentration, as well as activities of hepatic lipase (HL) and lysosomal enzymes. Light and electron microscopy were used for examination of the Kupffer cell reaction. RESULTS: Directly after termination of parenteral feeding, the levels of serum triglycerides and high density lipoprotein (HDL) triglycerides were higher in the MCT/LCT group than in the LCT group, while no differences concerning cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations were found. No significant difference in liver steatosis was found between the two TPN groups. Comparison of the TPN groups showed that the MCT/ LCT group had significantly decreased LPL activity in adipose tissue, while the LCT group had significantly increased LPL activity in the heart. The activity of HL was low in both groups, but significantly lower in the LCT group. Lipid accumulation and an increased number of lysosomes were found in all Kupffer cell when TPN with LCTemulsions was used. Moreover, TPN induced a pronounced increase in various liver lysosomal enzyme activities, but there was no notable difference between LCT and MCT/LCT effects. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to treatment with pure LCTemulsions, treatment with MCT/LCT emulsions evoked weaker biochemical reactions in terms of lower activity of lipoprotein lipase in fat and heart together with higher serum and HDL triglyceride levels. Morphological signs of increased Kupffer cell activity such as the appearance of multiple lysosomes and fat vacuoles in the cytoplasm followed treatment with pure LCT emulsions. However, both TPN groups showed a marked increase in activities of liver lysosomal enzymes.
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| 18. |
- Roth, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Lipid deposition in Kupffer cells after parenteral fat nutrition in rats: a biochemical and ultrastructural study
- 1996
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In: Intensive Care Medicine. - 0342-4642. ; 22:11, s. 1224-1231
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study fat metabolism and evaluate lipid deposition in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells during parenteral nutrition (PN) with or without fat. DESIGN: 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into four groups, were investigated. Rats fed orally were used as a reference group and compared to three groups of rats receiving PN either without fat or with 33% of non-protein energy as fat or with 66% of non-protein energy as fat. The PN regimens were equicaloric and administered continuously via a jugular catheter for 7 days. INTERVENTIONS: After suffocation, blood was collected for determination of serum lipids. Epididymal fat and heart were collected for analysis of lipoprotein lipase activities, and pieces of liver were saved for analyses of liver triglyceride concentration and hepatic lipase activity. Light and electron microscopy were used for examination of lipid deposition in Kupffer cells. RESULTS: Directly after termination of parenteral feeding, the serum levels of triglycerides were similar in all PN groups, while the levels of non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL phospholipids were significantly increased in parallel with increased doses of fat. Lipid-free PN resulted in significantly less liver steatosis than high-fat PN. Lipid PN also resulted in downregulated hepatic lipase activity, signs of lipid accumulation in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes and an increased number of phagosomes in Kupffer cells. CONCLUSIONS: Fat vacuoles were found in Kupffer cells after lipid PN, although serum levels of triglycerides were not elevated and lipoprotein lipase activity were not depressed. The cells were distended by fat vacuoles after administration of PN solutions with a high fat concentration. Morphological signs of increased Kupffer cell activity were also found, suggesting that intravenous fat emulsions may activate macrophages.
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| 19. |
- Shine, R., et al.
(author)
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Why do males have longer tails than females?
- 1999
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In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 266, s. 2147-2151
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 21. |
- Willows, R D, et al.
(author)
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Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the Rhodobacter capsulatus magnesium chelatase BchI subunit
- 1999
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In: Acta Crystallographica. Section D: Biological Crystallography. - 1399-0047. ; D55, s. 689-690
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Rhodobacter capsulatus BchI protein is one of three subunits of Mg chelatase, the enzyme which catalyzes the first committed step of chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis. The BchI protein was produced with an inducible T7 RNA polymerase expression system in Escherichia coli. The protein was purified from the soluble cell-extract fraction and crystallized from polyethylene glycol solution. The crystals diffract to a minimum Bragg spacing of 2.1 Å. The space group is P63 with unit-cell dimensions a = b = 90.6, c = 84.1 Å.
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