| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Borgström, Benedikte, 1968, et al.
(author)
-
A rythmanalytic approach to understand the problematic nature of supply chain integration: The case of a customer ordered production strategy
- 2011
-
In: the 27th IMP conference.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Implementing a customer ordered production strategy involves changes in supply chain integration compared to if production was based on forecasts of demand. In a study of Volvo Cars’ customer ordered strategy it was found that the degree of implementation changed over time, especially in relation to business cycles. It seems, with reference to statements made by respondents involved in practice at different stages in the supply chain, that there exists different “world views” and logics of action depending of the actors’ position in the chain: A business logic downstream and an industrial logic upstream from the assembler (Volvo Cars split in “manufacturing” and “sales”). Time, space and energy are different in the logics. Transport providers adapt and coordinate activities with logic of their own .To understand time, space and energy we refer to the ideas put forward by Lefebvre on rhythm in everyday life. It is important to be aware of ongoing changes in the everydayness for supply chain integration knowledge. Integration needs to be handled as a process, it is not given by plans and procedures as state.We interpret the empirical findings by applying Lefebvre’s conceptual framework. The approach facilitates a better understanding of the supply chain integration process and potentialities of temporal alignment.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bredenberg, Susanne, et al.
(author)
-
Evaluation of a sieve classification method for characterization of low-dose interactive mixtures
- 2013
-
In: Pharmaceutical development and technology (Print). - : Informa Healthcare. - 1083-7450 .- 1097-9867. ; 18:6, s. 1366-1371
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigated a sieve classification method for evaluating carrier materials and particle size fractions, which could be a valuable tool in the early development of pharmaceutical dosage forms containing low-dose interactive mixtures. When developing new products based on interactive mixtures, it is essential to ensure that the drug particles are successfully deagglomerated and have adhered to the carrier particles. In this study, the effect on the demixing potential (DP) of low-dose interactive mixtures was assessed for various carrier particle sizes and surface textures. The model drug used was sodium salicylate and the tested carriers were lactose, mannitol, and isomalt. The results showed that the lowest DPs, i.e. the most mechanically stable mixtures, were obtained with lactose. Furthermore, for interactive mixtures, small carrier particles and/or a narrow carrier particle size range are essential for obtaining a low DP and high homogeneity. Calculation of the DP provided a reliable estimate of the quality of the low-dose interactive mixtures used in this study.
|
|
| 5. |
- Kelfve, Susanne, et al.
(author)
-
Increased alcohol use over the past 20 years among the oldest old in Sweden
- 2014
-
In: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : SAGE Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 31:3, s. 245-260
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS - Increased alcohol consumption among old people, reported in many countries, will likely present a major challenge to public health and policy in the future. In Sweden, current knowledge about old people's alcohol consumption is incomplete because of limited historical data and a dearth of nationally representative studies. We describe the frequency of alcohol consumption among the oldest old in Sweden over a 20-year period by sex, age, education, living situation, mobility and Activities of Daily Living. METHODS - We used repeated cross-sectional survey data from the Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD), conducted in 1992, 2002 and 2011. The samples were nationally representative of the Swedish population aged 77+, with response rates of 95.4%, 84.4% and 86.2% (total n = 2007). Self-reported consumption frequency was measured with the question How often do you drink alcoholic beverages, such as wine, beer or spirits? RESULTS - Frequency of alcohol consumption increased among the oldest old from 1992 to 2011. The proportion reporting no or less-than-monthly alcohol consumption decreased, whereas the proportion reporting weekly consumption increased. This was true for men, women and most age and educational groups. The period change in consumption frequency was not explained by changes in demographic factors, living situation or functional capacity during the study period. CONCLUSIONS - Alcohol use increased among the oldest old in Sweden during the 20-year study period. More liberal attitudes toward alcohol could contribute to the increased use. The increase in weekly alcohol consumers suggests an increase in the number of older risk consumers.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Mattsson, Lars, et al.
(author)
-
Dust-driven mass loss from carbon stars as a function of stellar parameters : II. Effects of grain size on wind properties
- 2011
-
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 533, s. A42-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context. It is well established that the winds of carbon-rich AGB stars (carbon stars) can be driven by radiation pressure on grains of amorphous carbon and collisional transfer of momentum to the gas. This has been demonstrated convincingly by different numerical wind models that include time-dependent dust formation. To simplify the treatment of dust opacities, radiative cross sections are usually computed using the assumption that the dust grains are small compared to wavelengths around the stellar flux maximum. Considering the typical grain sizes that result from these models, however, the applicability of this small-particle limit (SPL) seems questionable.Aims. We explore grain size effects on wind properties of carbon stars, using a generalized description of radiative cross sections valid for particles of arbitrary sizes. The purpose of the study is to investigate under which circumstances the SPL may give acceptable results, and to quantify the possible errors that may occur when the SPL does not hold.Methods. The time-dependent description of grain growth in our detailed radiation-hydrodynamical models gives information about dust particle radii in every layer at every instant of time. Theses grain radii are used for computing opacities and determining the radiative acceleration of the dust-gas mixture. From the large number of models presented in the first paper of this series (based on SPL dust opacities) we selected two samples, i.e., a group of models with strong, well-developed outflows that are probably representative of the majority of wind-forming models, and another group, close to thresholds in stellar parameter space for dust-driven winds, which are referred to as critical cases.Results. We show that in the critical cases the effect of the generalized description of dust opacities can be significant, resulting in more intense mass loss and higher wind velocities compared to models using SPL opacities. For well-developed winds, however, grain size effects on mass-loss rates and wind velocities are found to be small. Both groups of models tend towards lower degrees of dust condensation compared to corresponding SPL models, owing to a self-regulating feedback between grain growth and radiative acceleration. Consequently, the "dust-loss rates" are lower in the models with the generalized treatment of grain opacities.Conclusions. We conclude that our previous results on mass-loss rates obtained with SPL opacities are reliable within a wide region of stellar parameter space, except for critical cases close to thresholds of dust-driven outflows where SPL models will tend to underestimate the mass-loss rates and wind velocities.
|
|
| 8. |
- Mattsson, Lars, 1974-, et al.
(author)
-
Dust driven mass loss from carbon stars as a function of stellar parameters I : A grid of solar-metallicity wind models
- 2010
-
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 509:1, s. 13-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context. Knowing how the mass loss of carbon-rich AGB stars depends on stellar parameters is crucial for stellar evolution modelling, as well as for the understanding of when and how circumstellar structures emerge around these stars, e.g., dust shells and so-called detached shells of expelled gas.Aims. The purpose of this paper is to explore the stellar parameter space using a numerical radiation hydrodynamic (RHD) model of carbon-star atmospheres, including a detailed description of dust formation and frequency-dependent radiative transfer, in order to determine how the mass loss of carbon stars changes with stellar parameters.Methods. We have computed a grid of 900 numeric dynamic model atmospheres (DMAs) using a well-tested computer code. This grid of models covers most of the expected combinations of stellar parameters, which are the stellar temperature, the stellar luminosity, the stellar mass, the abundance of condensible carbon, and the velocity amplitude of the pulsation.Results. The resultant mass-loss rates and wind speeds are clearly affected by the choice of stellar temperature, mass, luminosity and the abundance of available carbon. In certain parts of the parameter space there is also an inevitable mass-loss threshold, below which a dust-driven wind is not possible. Contrary to some previous studies, we find a strong dependence on the abundance of free carbon, which turns out to be a critical parameter. Furthermore, we have found that the dust grains that form in the atmosphere may grow too large for the commonly-used small-particle approximation of the dust opacity to be strictly valid. This may have some bearing on the wind properties, although further study of this problem is needed before quantitative conclusions can be drawn.Conclusions. The wind properties show relatively simple dependences on stellar parameters above the mass-loss threshold, while the threshold itself is of a more complicated nature. Hence, we chose not to derive any simplistic mass-loss formula, but rather provide a mass-loss prescription in the form of aeasy-to-use FORTRAN routine. Since this mass-loss routine is based on data coming from an essentially self-consistent model of mass loss, it may therefore serve as a better mass-loss prescription for stellar evolution calculations than empirical formulae. Furthermore, we conclude that there are still some issues that need to be investigated, such as the role of grain-sizes.
|
|
| 9. |
- Mattsson, L., et al.
(author)
-
Relaxing the Small Particle Approximation for Dust-Grain Opacities in Carbon-star Wind Models
- 2011
-
In: Why Galaxies Care about AGB Stars II.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have computed wind models with time-dependent dust formation and grain-size dependent opacities, where (1) the problem is simplified by assuming a fixed dust-grain size, and where (2) the radiation pressure efficiency is approximated using grain sizes based on various means of the actual grain size distribution. It is shown that in critical cases, the effect of grain sizes can be significant. For well-developed winds, however, the effects on the mass-loss rate and the wind speed are small.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Mattsson, Susanne, et al.
(author)
-
Internet-based stepped care with interactive support and cognitive behavioral therapy for reduction of anxiety and depressive symptoms in cancer : a clinical trial protocol
- 2013
-
In: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 13, s. 414-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Approximately 20-30% of patients with cancer experience a clinically relevant level of emotional distress in response to disease and treatment. This in itself is alarming but it is even more problematic because it is often difficult for physicians and nurses to identify cancer patients who experience clinically relevant levels of anxiety and depression symptoms. This can result in persistent distress and can cause human suffering as well as costs for individuals and to the community. Methods: Applying a multi-disciplinary and design-oriented approach aimed at attaining new evidence-based knowledge in basic and applied psychosocial oncology, this protocol will evaluate an intervention to be implemented in clinical practice to reduce cancer patient anxiety and depression. A prospective randomized design will be used. The overarching goal of the intervention is to promote psychosocial health among patients suffering from cancer by means of self-help programmes delivered via an Internet platform. Another goal is to reduce costs for individuals and society, caused by emotional distress in response to cancer. Following screening to detect levels of patient distress, patients will be randomized to standard care or a stepped care intervention. For patients randomized to the intervention, step 1 will consist of self-help material, a chat forum where participants will be able to communicate with each other, and a Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) section where they can ask questions and get answers from an expert. Patients in the intervention group who still report symptoms of anxiety or depression after access to step 1 will be offered step 2, which will consist of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) administered by a personal therapist. The primary end point of the study is patients' levels of anxiety and depression, evaluated longitudinally during and after the intervention. Discussion: There is a lack of controlled studies of the psychological and behavioral processes involved in this type of intervention for anxiety and depressive disorders. Since anxiety and depressive symptoms are relatively common in patients with cancer and the availability of adequate support efforts is limited, there is a need to develop evidence-based stepped care for patients with cancer, to be delivered via the Internet.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Olsson, Erik, et al.
(author)
-
U-CARE : a research program on psychosocial care via the internet
- 2012
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- U-CARE is one of the Swedish government’s strategic research programs atUppsala University. The overarching goal is to promote psychosocial healthamong patients suffering from somatic disease and their significant others by means of self-help programs delivered via an internet platform. Another goal is to reduce costs for individuals and the society caused by emotional distress in response to somatic disease. Professionals within clinical psychology, health economics, and information systems collaborate to reach this goal.Approximately 20% of patients suffering from somatic disease as well as theirsignificant others experience a clinically relevant level of emotional distress in response to disease and treatment. This is in itself alerting, but becomes even moreproblematic since physicians and nurses show low sensitivity and specificityin detecting patients and significant others experiencing a clinically relevant level of distress. This can result in persistent distress causing human suffering as well as costs for individuals and the society.During 2010-2011 an internet platform: www.u-care.se to provide interactive support and cognitive behavioral therapy has been constructed within the U-CARE program. The platform supports, among other things, rule-based unfolding of self-help material for participants, interaction between participants and therapists, interaction within a participant community, and research including a detailed log of participants’ behaviors on the platform. In addition self-help programs of interactive support and cognitive behavioural therapy for adolescents with cancer: U-CARE: TeenCan, adults with cancer: U-CARE: AdultsCan, and adults having had a myocardial infarct: U-CARE: Heart to be provided via www.u-care.se have been constructed.Through a multi-disciplinary and design-oriented approach, the U-CARE program aims at developing new evidence-based knowledge in basic and applied psychosocial health care,and actively promoting its implementation in health care practice as well as in undergraduate and advanced education.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
