| 1. |
- Dutta, Sujan, et al.
(author)
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Textile Actuators Comprising Reduced Graphene Oxide as the Current Collector
- 2023
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In: Macromolecular materials and engineering. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1438-7492 .- 1439-2054.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electronic textiles (E-textiles) are made using various materials including carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphene oxide. Among the materials here, e-textiles are fabricated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coating on commercial textiles. rGO-based yarns are prepared for e-textiles by a simple dip coating method with subsequent non-toxic reduction. To enhance the conductivity, the rGO yarns are coated with poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT) followed by electrochemical polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) as the electromechanically active layer, resulting in textile actuators. The rGO-based yarn actuators are characterized in terms of both isotonic displacement and isometric developed forces, as well as electron microscopy and resistance measurements. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that both viscose rotor spun (VR) and viscose multifilament (VM) yarns can be used for yarn actuators. The resulting VM-based yarn actuators exhibit high strain (0.58%) in NaDBS electrolytes. These conducting yarns can also be integrated into textiles and fabrics of various forms to create smart e-textiles and wearable devices.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Martinez Gil, Jose Gabriel, et al.
(author)
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Electrochemical Considerations for the Electropolymerization of PPy on PEDOT:PSS for Yarn Actuator Applications
- 2023
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In: ChemElectroChem. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2196-0216. ; 10:15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrochemical devices as conducting polymer-based actuators or textile actuators often use layers of different conducting polymers. Although research has been performed on such devices, it is still not very clear how the different layers affect each other. Here we attempt to clarify such influence on yarn actuators using electrochemical methods. Different electrochemical methods as cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry or chronopotentiometry were used to electropolymerize polypyrrole on top of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) coated textile yarns by using different applied electrochemical conditions (potentials/currents). Thus, we found that selecting suitable conditions (as an applied potential of +0.8 V) for such electropolymerization is key to obtain a polypyrrole of high quality. Besides, we show that the underlying layer of PEDOT:PSS has an influence on such electropolymerization conditions and can be subjected to parallel redox reactions as oxidation or electrochemical degradation that influence the electropolymerized polypyrrole.
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| 4. |
- Mehraeen, Shayan, et al.
(author)
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Effect of Core Yarn on Linear Actuation of Electroactive Polymer Coated Yarn Actuators
- 2023
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In: Advanced Materials Technologies. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2365-709X.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Smart textiles combine the features of conventional textiles with promising properties of smart materials such as electromechanically active polymers, resulting in textile actuators. Textile actuators comprise of individual yarn actuators, so understanding their electro-chemo-mechanical behavior is of great importance. Herein, this study investigates the effect of inherent structural and mechanical properties of commercial yarns, that form the core of the yarn actuators, on the linear actuation of the conducting-polymer-based yarn actuators. Commercial yarns were coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) to make them conductive. Then polypyrrole (PPy) that provides the electromechanical actuation is electropolymerized on the yarn surface under controlled conditions. The linear actuation of the yarn actuators is investigated in aqueous electrolyte under isotonic and isometric conditions. The yarn actuators generated an isotonic strain up to 0.99% and isometric force of 95 mN. The isometric strain achieved in this work is more than tenfold and threefold greater than the previously reported yarn actuators. The isometric actuation force shows an increase of nearly 11-fold over our previous results. Finally, a qualitative mechanical model is introduced to describe the actuation behavior of yarn actuators. The strain and force created by the yarn actuators make them promising candidates for wearable actuator technologies. © 2023 The Authors. Advanced Materials Technologies published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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