| 1. |
- Larsson, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Molecular oxygen in the rho Ophiuchi cloud
- 2007
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In: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 466:3, s. 5-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: Molecular oxygen, O2, has been expected historically to be an abundant component of the chemical species in molecular clouds and, as such, an important coolant of the dense interstellar medium. However, a number of attempts from both ground and from space have failed to detect O2 emission.Aims: The work described here uses heterodyne spectroscopy from space to search for molecular oxygen in the interstellar medium. Methods: The Odin satellite carries a 1.1 m sub-millimeter dish and a dedicated 119 GHz receiver for the ground state line of O2. Starting in 2002, the star forming molecular cloud core ρ Oph A was observed with Odin for 34 days during several observing runs.Results: We detect a spectral line at v_LSR =+3.5 km s-1 with Δ v_FWHM=1.5 km s-1, parameters which are also common to other species associated with ρ Oph A. This feature is identified as the O2 (NJ = 11 - 1_0) transition at 118 750.343 MHz.Conclusions: The abundance of molecular oxygen, relative to H{2} , is 5 × 10-8 averaged over the Odin beam. This abundance is consistently lower than previously reported upper limits.Based on observations with Odin, a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes) and Centre National d'Étude Spatiale (CNES). The Swedish Space Corporation has been the industrial prime contractor and also is operating the satellite. Appendix A is only available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org
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| 4. |
- Henningsson, Anna J., et al.
(author)
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Complement activation in Lyme neuroborreliosis : increased levels of C1q and C3a in cerebrospinal fluid indicate complement activation in the CNS
- 2007
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In: Journal of Neuroimmunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-5728 .- 1872-8421. ; 183:1-2, s. 200-207
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A strong initial inflammatory response is important in neuroborreliosis. Since complement is a main player in early inflammation, we monitored the concentration and activation of complement in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from 298 patients, of whom 23 were diagnosed with neuroborreliosis. Using sandwich ELISAs, we found significantly elevated levels of C1q, C4, C3, and C3a in cerebrospinal fluid, but not in plasma, in patients with neuroborreliosis. This finding indicates that complement plays a role in the human immune response in neuroborreliosis, that the immunologic process is compartmentalized to the CNS, and that complement activation may occur via the classical pathway.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Karl-Axel, et al.
(author)
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The quality assurance process for the ARTSCAN head and neck study - a practical interactive approach for QA in 3DCRT and IMRT.
- 2008
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In: Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 87:2, s. 290-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: This paper describes the quality assurance (QA) work performed in the Swedish multicenter ARTSCAN (Accelerated RadioTherapy of Squamous cell CArcinomas in the head and Neck) trial to guarantee high quality in a multicenter study which involved modern radiotherapy such as 3DCRT or IMRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was closed in June 2006 with 750 randomised patients. Radiation therapy-related data for every patient were sent by each participating centre to the QA office where all trial data were reviewed, analysed and stored. In case of any deviation from the protocol, an interactive process was started between the QA office and the local responsible clinician and/or physicist to increase the compliance to the protocol for future randomised patients. Meetings and workshops were held on a regular basis for discussions on various trial-related issues and for the QA office to report on updated results. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This review covers the 734 patients out of a total of 750 who had entered the study. Deviations early in the study were corrected so that the overall compliance to the protocol was very high. There were only negligible variations in doses and dose distributions to target volumes for each specific site and stage. The quality of the treatments was high. Furthermore, an extensive database of treatment parameters was accumulated for future dose-volume vs. endpoint evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive QA programme increased the probability to draw firm conclusions from our study and may serve as a concept for QA work in future radiotherapy trials where comparatively small effects are searched for in a heterogeneous tumour population.
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| 6. |
- Kumm, Mia, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Brandsäkerhet i kabel och distributionstunnlar
- 2005
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Samhällets sårbarhet har de senaste åren synliggjorts genom de bränder i kabeltunnlar som orsakat stora störningar och produktionsbortfall. De samhällsekonomiska förlusterna har aktualiserat frågan om förbättrat brandskydd och ökad tillförlitlighet hos infrastruktur under mark. Nybyggnation av kabel- och distributionstunnlar kräver ofta stora tekniska och ekonomiska resurser. Detta i kombination med att tunnlar har en lång livslängd gör att befintliga tunnlar i hög grad utnyttjas när behovet av utökat kablage och ökat behov av fjärrvärme och fjärrkyla ska tillgodoses. Artikeln diskuterar översiktligt brandskydd i kabel- och distributionstunnlar och ger förslag på brandskyddstekniska åtgärder vid både nybyggnad av och utbyggnad i befintliga tunnlar. I artikeln diskuteras också ventilationssystem i denna typ av tunnlar i samband med brand och vid en eventuell insats från Räddningstjänsten. Artikeln behandlar också hur brandsäkerheten kan hanteras under de perioder, vid exempelvis nydragningar eller utbyte av kablar, som personer vistas under längre tid i tunneln. En diskussion förs slutligen om de yttre faktorer som kan påverka brandgasernas spridning och möjligheterna att styra dessa i önskad riktning.
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| 7. |
- Kumm, Mia, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Vindens påverkan på bränder i tunnlar – Tunnelportalgeometrins betydelse för luftrörelser i tunnel orsakade av yttre vind
- 2007
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Detta projekt har omfattat vindtunnelmatningar i modellskala bade for en ren tunnel, utan omgivande berg, samt matningar i modellskala av verklighetens Masthamnstunnel i Stockholms Hamn. Inom ramen for projektet har lufthastigheter inne i tunnelmodellen studerats for olika anblasningsvinklar och olika porositet - storleksforhallanden mellan tunnelns tvarsnittsarea och det omgivande berget. Forsoken har visualiserats for att oka forstaelsen for de komplexa fenomen som upptrader vid olika anblasningsvinklar och anblasningshastigheter. Aven i modellen over Masthamnstunneln har lufthastigheter vid olika vindpablasning studerats och jamforts med tidigare forsok i vindtunnel och full skala. Tidigare matvarden i full skala har justerats efter kalibrering av givare och pa nytt jamforts med matningar i vindtunnel. Effekten av skogsbekladd terrang har studerats och indikerar stod for teorin om att luftrorelser i tunnlar i vissa fall ar stromningsdrivna istallet for som konventionellt ansett tryckdrivna. Avslutningsvis har konstaterats att ompletterande studier bor utforas for att slutgiltigt utreda de alternativa teorierna, gallande exempelvis instromningsforluster vid tunnelmynningen samt luftmotstands-koefficienter for olika bergoverbyggnader. I handelse av en brand i en tunnel kommer brandens forlopp och darmed forutsattningarna for en raddningsinsats paverkas av de yttre vindforhallandena varfor ytterligare studier kan motiveras refererande till insatspersonalens sakerhet.
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| 9. |
- Simonsson, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Low-dose hypersensitive gammaH2AX response and infrequent apoptosis in epidermis from radiotherapy patients.
- 2008
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In: Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 88:3, s. 388-97
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A low-dose hypersensitivity to radiation can be observed in vitro for many human cell types in terms of increased cell kill per dose unit for doses below 0.5Gy. Quantification of the double-strand break marker gammaH2AX in samples taken in clinical radiotherapy practice has the potential to provide important information about how induction and repair of severe DNA damage and apoptosis are linked to low-dose hypersensitivity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The effects of exposure to low doses (0.05-1.1Gy) were investigated in skin biopsies taken from prostate cancer patients undergoing the first week of radiotherapy. gammaH2AX foci and apoptotic cells were visualised by immunohistochemistry and quantified by image analysis. RESULTS: The gammaH2AX foci pattern in biopsies taken 30min after a single fraction revealed a low-dose hypersensitivity below 0.3Gy (p=0.0009). The result was consistent for repeated fractions (p=0.00001). No decrease in foci numbers could be detected when comparing biopsies taken 30min and 2h after single fractions of 0.4 and 1.2Gy. The result was consistent for repeated fractions. Only 43 of 168,000 cells in total were identified as apoptotic, yet a dose dependency could be detected after 1week of radiotherapy (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: We describe a method based on gammaH2AX to study DNA damage response and apoptosis in a clinical setting. A gammaH2AX hypersensitive response to low doses can be observed in epidermal skin, already 30min following delivered fraction. A very low frequency of apoptosis in normal epithelium suggests that this effect is not an important part of the in vivo response to low doses.
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