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- Fulland, John, et al.
(author)
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Regulations and routines for approval of passenger cars adapted to drivers with disabilities : including an international survey
- 1999
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report presents an overview of present routines and regulations concerning driving licensing and vehicle adaptation for people with physical impairments. The aim of the report is twofold: firstly, to present deficiencies in the current routines and secondly, compare Swedish conditions with those in other countries in order to provide a basis for improving the situation in Sweden. Thus, both national and international conditions are described in the report. In an earlier report, VTI Report 426, it was concluded that the present routines used to ensure that drivers with physical impairments are provided with the right adaptation are not satisfactory e.g. some form of adaptation evaluation is lacking. The report begins with a short description of the background and a description of how some central concepts such as impairment, disability, and handicap are used in the report. This is followed by a somewhat simplified and idealised description of what is called the mediating process i.e. from the initial assessment of fitness to drive to adaptation of the car and driving licensing. After this follows a presentation of how this process is implemented and works in Sweden of today. The following sections are devoted to the conditions in the other Nordic countries. This is followed by sections dealing with some European countries and what the EU member states have in common. The next sections are devoted to some countries outside Europe. Standards and competence centres have been considered so important in this context that these subjects are dealt with in separate sections. The report ends with some conclusions and recommendations concerning test/assessment of fitness to drive, driving test and vehicle inspection, adaptation evaluation, standards and directives, and competence centres. The authors' intention is that the report will be used as a bank of ideas for future work involving improvements of the mediating process in Sweden, in particular with respect to adaptation evaluation.
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- Nicolle, Colette, et al.
(author)
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Elderly and Disabled Travelers : Intelligent Transport Systems Designed for the 3rd Millennium
- 1999
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In: Transportation Human Factors. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1093-9741. ; 1:2, s. 121-134
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The TELematic Standards and Coordination of Advanced Transport Telematics systems in relation to elderly and disabled travelers (TELSCAN) project in the Transport Sector of the Telematics Applications Programme of the European Union has developed a Handbook of Design Guidelines (Nicolle & Burnett, 1999) to support designers of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) to include the needs of people who are elderly or disabled. This article describes the methods of the Handbook's development, including an overview of the methodology for capturing the requirements of elderly and disabled travelers, a survey of existing guidelines, and empirical results and lessons learned from simulator testing. The authors conclude that although general guidelines are necessary, the most specific and useful guidelines emerge only when carefully chosen research questions can be investigated. The development of such guidelines should help us come closer to achieving usability of ITS not only for elderly and disabled people, but for everybody as we enter the 3rd millennium.
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- Östlund, Joakim, et al.
(author)
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Manoeuvrability characteristics of cars operated by joysticks : a manoeuvring test
- 1999
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of the report was to identify shortages and potential risks of vehicles operated by joysticks designed for drivers with severe disabilities, especially concerning the human-machine interaction.A small group of drivers with severe disabilities are able to drive a car provided it is fitted with a joystick for acceleration, braking and steering. Owing to the design of the joystick, which consists of an angle-operated lever fastened at one point, and the lack of natural feedback from the brake system and front (steering) wheels, the task of driving can be unnecessarily difficult and arduous. Above all, three risks can be identified: (1) The lack of feedback from steering causes the driver to make faster movements of the joystick than the servounit can manage, thus causing time delays in the steering system. (2) Since the joystick is angle-operated and the transfer function of the brake is not always optimal, it may be difficult to handle the brake in a controlled and comfortable way. (3) The most obvious risk is that the accelerator/brake control and the steering control may influence each other (interference), mainly since it is not possible to provide tactile separation of the control directions of the joystick.A manoeuvring test was carried out by five joystick drivers and a control group at Mantorp Park in the county of Östergötland. The possibilities of carrying out fast lateral manoeuvres and fixed controlled decelerations with the joystick were evaluated. Furthermore, a possible interference phenomenon was studied among joystick drivers. The results partly verified the identified risks, even so it was not possible to link the results to traffic safety consequences in an adequate way. Consequently, it is not known whether cars equipped with joysticks for severly disabled drivers create a risk from the traffic safety point of view.
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