| 1. |
- Petersson, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
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What is good parental education?
- 2004
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 18:1, s. 82-89
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to highlight the experiences and expectations of Swedish parents with respect to general parental education within child healthcare. Interviews were carried out with 25 parents who had attended education sessions. With a few exceptions the fathers did not take part, and those mothers who did comprised a relatively highly educated group; their views therefore predominate in this study. Socially vulnerable parents such as the unemployed and immigrants took part more sporadically in the meetings, which is why less material is available from these groups. The arrangement and analysis of the material was done using qualitative content analysis. We identified two main categories of importance: 'parental education content' and 'parental education structure'. The parents were on the whole satisfied with the content with respect to the child's physical and psychosocial development. On the other hand, first-time parents expressed a degree of uncertainty with respect to the new parent roles and parent relation and they thought that the education should place more emphasis on the interplay between the parents and between child and parents. The degree of confidence in the nurse as group leader was mainly high. The parents thought that the groups functioned well socially and were satisfied with the organization of the meetings. They did, however, demand clearer structure and framework with respect to the content. Since the aim of legally established parental education is to improve the conditions of childhood growth and to provide support to parents, it must be considered especially important to provide resources so that the socially vulnerable groups in the community may also be reached.
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| 2. |
- Thulesius, Hans, et al.
(author)
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Learner-centred education in end-of-life care improved well being in home care staff: a prospective controlled study.
- 2002
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In: Palliative Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-030X .- 0269-2163. ; 16:4, s. 54-347
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this controlled study was to evaluate a 1-year learner-centred educational project in end-of-life care for home care staff in a rural district of Sweden. Another rural district in the same region served as a control area. A 20-item questionnaire measuring attitudes towards end-of-life care was designed, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale was used to measure mental well being. Increased agreement to 18 of 20 attitude statements was seen in the education group, while 2 of 20 items showed a decreased agreement in the control group. Test retest reliability of the 20-item questionnaire was good (r =0.92). The total HAD score decreased from 8.3 pretest to 5.3 post-test in the education group (95% CI=2.1– 3.7; P<0.001), and was 6.8 for both years in the control group. Our study shows that a comprehensive educational programme not only improved attitudes towards end-of-life care, but also the mental well being of the home care staff.
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| 3. |
- Abdalla, Munir A, et al.
(author)
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A CMOS APS for dental X-ray imaging using scintillating sensors
- 2001
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 460:1, s. 197-203
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we present an integrating CMOS Active Pixel Sensor (APS) circuit to be used with scintillator type X-ray sensors for intra oral dental X-ray imaging systems. Different pixel architectures were constructed to explore their performance characteristics and to study the feasibility of the development of such systems using the CMOS technology. A prototype 64 x 80 pixel array has been implemented in a CMOS 0.8 mum double poly n-well process with a pixel pitch of 50 mum. A spectral sensitivity measurement for the different pixels topologies, as well as measured X-ray direct absorption in the different APSs are presented. A measurement of the output signal showed a good linearity over a wide dynamic range. This chip showed that the very low sensitivity of the CMOS APSs to direct X-ray exposure adds a great advantage to the various CMOS advantages over CCD-based imaging systems,
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Abdalla, Munir A, et al.
(author)
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An integrating CMOS APS for X-ray imaging with an in-pixel preamplifier
- 2001
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 466:1, s. 232-236
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present in this paper an integrating CMOS Active Pixel Sensor (APS) circuit coated with scintillator type sensors for intra-oral dental X-ray imaging systems. The photosensing element in the pixel is formed by the p-diffusion on the n-well diode. The advantage of this photosensor is its very low direct absorption of X-rays compared to the other available photosensing elements in the CMOS pixel. The pixel features an integrating capacitor in the feedback loop of a preamplifier of a finite gain in order to increase the optical sensitivity. To verify the effectiveness of this in-pixel preamplification, a prototype 32 x 80 element CMOS active pixel array was implemented in a 0.8 mum CMOS double poly, n-well process with a pixel pitch of 50 mum. Measured results confirmed the improved optical sensitivity performance of the APS. Various measurements on device performance are presented.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Aboelfotoh, M. O., et al.
(author)
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Schottky-barrier behavior of metals on n- and p-type 6H-SiC
- 2003
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 67:7, s. 075312-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Schottky-barrier height of a number of metals (Ti, Ni, Cu, and Au) on n- and p-type Si-terminated 6H-SiC has been measured in the temperature range 150-500 K. It is found that the barrier height to n-type 6H-SiC does not exhibit a temperature dependence, while for p-type 6H-SiC the change in the barrier height with temperature follows very closely the change in the indirect energy gap in 6H-SiC. These results are inconsistent with models of Schottky-barrier formation based on the concept of a charge neutrality level. Furthermore, the present results cannot be reconciled with a defect pinning mechanism, contrary to the conclusions of earlier studies on III-V compound semiconductors. We suggest that chemical bonding at the metal-semiconductor interface plays an important role in determining the Schottky-barrier height.
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| 8. |
- Badel, Xavier, et al.
(author)
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Improvement of an X-ray imaging detector based on a scintillating guides screen
- 2002
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 487:1-2, s. 129-135
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An X-ray imaging detector has been developed for dental applications. The principle of this detector is based on application of a silicon charge coupled device covered by a scintillating wave-guide screen. Previous studies of such a detector showed promising results concerning the spatial resolution but low performance in terms of signal to noise ratio (SNR) and sensitivity. Recent results confirm the wave-guiding properties of the matrix and show improvement of the detector in terms of response uniformity, sensitivity and SNR. The present study is focussed on the fabrication of the scintillating screen where the principal idea is to fill a matrix of Si pores with a CsI scintillator. The photoluminescence technique was used to prove the wave-guiding property of the matrix and to inspect the filling uniformity of the pores. The final detector was characterized by X-ray evaluation in terms of spatial resolution, light output and SNR. A sensor with a spatial resolution of 9 LP/mm and a SNR over 50 has been achieved using a standard dental X-ray source and doses in the order of those used at the moment by dentists (around 25 mR).
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| 9. |
- Badel, Xavier, et al.
(author)
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Metallized and oxidized silicon macropore arrays filled with a scintillator for CCD-based X-ray imaging detectors
- 2004
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In: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - : IEEE. - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 51:3, s. 1001-1005, s. 1006-1010
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Silicon charge-coupled devices (CCDs) covered with a scintillating film are now available on the market for use in digital medical imaging. However, these devices could still be improved in terms of sensitivity and especially spatial resolution by coating the CCD with an array of scintillating waveguides. In this paper, such waveguides were fabricated by first etching pores in silicon, then performing metallization or oxidation of the pore walls and finally filling the pores with CsI(TI). The resulting structures were observed using scanning electron microscopy and tested under X-ray exposure. Theoretical efficiencies of macropore arrays filled with CsI(TI) were also calculated, indicating that the optimal pore depth for metallized macropore arrays is about 80 mum while it is around 350 mum for oxidized ones. This result, together with the roughness of the metal coating, explains why lower SNR values were measured with the metallized macropores. Indeed, the macropore arrays had depths in the range of 210-390 mum, which is favorable to oxidized structures.
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| 10. |
- Dubaric, Ervin, et al.
(author)
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Resolution and noise properties of scintillator coated X-ray detectors
- 2001
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 466:1, s. 178-182
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The imaging properties of X-ray pixel detectors depend on the quantum efficiency of X-rays, the generated signal of each X-ray photon and the distribution of the generated signal between pixels. In a scintillator coated device the signal is generated both by X-ray photons captured in the scintillator and by X-ray photons captured directly in the semiconductor. The Signal-to-Noise Ratio in the image is then a function of the number of photons captured in each of these processes and the yield, in terms of electron-hole pairs produced in the semiconductor, of each process. The spatial resolution is primarily determined by the light spreading within the scintillator. In a pure semiconductor detector the signal is generated by one process only. The Signal-to-Noise Ratio in the image is proportional to the number of X-ray photons captured within the sensitive layer. The spatial resolution is affected by the initial charge cloud generated in the semiconductor and any diffusion of carriers between the point of interaction and the readout electrode. In this paper we discuss the theory underlying the imaging properties of scintillator coated X-ray imaging detectors. The model is verified by simulations using MCNP and by experimental results. The results from the two-layer detector are compared with those from a pure semiconductor X-ray detector.
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| 11. |
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| 14. |
- Petersson, Christer
(author)
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Lanthandeln : En studie av den fasta handelns regionala utveckling i Västmanlands län 1864-1890
- 2001
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis has studied rural retail trade in the county of Västmanland over the period 1864-1890. The investigation has focussed on three different districts with differing pre-conditions for the development of rural retail trade. The biggest differences were found to be between the industry dominated mining region and the region of open landscape dominated by agriculture. For example in the mining district there were both very large and small retail outlets, a variety of forms of ownership and retailers who specialised in certain kinds of products. The retailers were also comparatively younger when they established themselves in business and fewer of them came from towns. The forest region was characterised by forestry in combination with other occupations. Special features of the structure of the retail trade here were that the incomes from the trade were relatively homogeneous and that the traders were more likely to own property than in the other two regions. There were also more traders in relation to the size of the population. In the open landscape, agricultural district the traders were very similar with regard to income from their businesses and in that it took a comparatively long time before there were more than a few traders in the region. The traders were also older when they set up in business.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Petersson, Per, et al.
(author)
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Spontaneous muscle twitches during sleep guide spinal self-organization.
- 2003
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 424:6944, s. 72-75
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During development, information about the three-dimensional shape and mechanical properties of the body is laid down in the synaptic connectivity of sensorimotor systems through unknown adaptive mechanisms. In spinal reflex systems, this enables the fast transformation of complex sensory information into adequate correction of movements. Here we use a computer simulation to show that an unsupervised correlation-based learning mechanism, using spontaneous muscle twitches, can account for the functional adaptation of the withdrawal reflex system. We also show that tactile feedback resulting from spontaneous muscle twitches during sleep(1-3) does indeed modify sensorimotor transformation in young rats in a predictable manner. The results indicate that these twitches, corresponding to human fetal movements(4), are important in spinal self-organization.
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