| 1. |
- Hessel, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Testing Real-time systems using UPPAAL
- 2008
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In: Formal Methods and Testing. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783540789161 ; , s. 77-117
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter presents principles and techniques for model-based black-box conformance testing of real-time systems using the Uppaal model-checking tool-suite. The basis for testing is given as a network of concurrent timed automata specified by the test engineer. Relativized input/output conformance serves as the notion of implementation correctness, essentially timed trace inclusion taking environment assumptions into account. Test cases can be generated offline and later executed, or they can be generated and executed online. For both approaches this chapter discusses how to specify test objectives, derive test sequences, apply these to the system under test, and assign a verdict.
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| 3. |
- Lai, En Yin, et al.
(author)
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Endothelin-1 and pancreatic islet vasculature : studies in vivo and on isolated, vascularly perfused pancreatic islets
- 2007
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In: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 292:6, s. E1616-E1623
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor, which also stimulates insulin release. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether exogenously administered ET-1 affected pancreatic islet blood flow in vivo in rats and the islet arteriolar reactivity in vitro in mice. Furthermore, we aimed to determine the ET-receptor subtype that was involved in such responses. When applying a microsphere technique for measurements of islet blood perfusion in vivo, we found that ET-1 (5 nmol/kg) consistently and markedly decreased total pancreatic and especially islet blood flow, despite having only minor effects on blood pressure. Neither endothelin A (ET(A)) receptor (BQ-123) nor endothelin-B (ET(B)) receptor (BQ-788) antagonists, alone or in combination, could prevent this reduction in blood flow. To avoid confounding interactions in vivo, we also examined the arteriolar vascular reactivity in isolated, perfused mouse islets. In the latter preparation, we demonstrated a dose-dependent constriction in response to ET-1. Administration of BQ-123 prevented this, whereas BQ-788 induced a right shift in the response. In conclusion, the pancreatic islet vasculature is highly sensitive to exogenous ET-1, which mediates its effect mainly through ET(A) receptors.
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